A lighting system, method and application thereof for construction engineering

Abstract

A lighting system, method and application for construction engineering, including a remote control center, a GPRS remote communication network, a sub-controller, a ZigBee wireless communication module, a main controller, and conventional lighting and emergency lighting lamp groups. The energy-saving lighting model constructed by the present invention controls the working state of the tunnel lighting system, which can save lighting electricity; a bidirectional DC / DC module is used to realize bidirectional energy transmission, so that the switching of the current transmission direction is faster; the duty cycle is adjusted as required to control the working state of the individual lamp groups of the tunnel lighting system, which can save lighting electricity; the control strategy for sudden fire events in the tunnel is increased to improve the safety of the tunnel; energy storage devices are respectively set at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, and green environmental protection is achieved by switching between the mains and the energy storage devices as needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a lighting system, and in particular to a lighting control system, method and application thereof suitable for a highway tunnel in a construction project, and belongs to the field of building photoelectric control. Background Art

[0002] Driven by the rapid development of modern science and technology and the social economy, the intelligent transformation of building electrical has become the main development direction of current buildings. In order to further reduce the energy consumption of buildings, it is necessary to promote the effective integration of building electrical intelligence and energy-saving design concepts. In this way, not only can the specific functionality of buildings be steadily improved, but also the resource loss generated by buildings can be greatly reduced. It plays a vital role in improving social and economic benefits. Therefore, it requires the staff involved to stand from the perspective of the construction project as much as possible, follow the basic concept of sustainable development, clarify the key to electrical intelligent design, and thus establish a more complete intelligent building system to maximize the advantages and functions of intelligent buildings.

[0003] Prior art, such as Chinese patents, publication number: CN101713512A, discloses a highway tunnel light source lighting system, wherein the lighting system adopts a lighting source with a color rendering index greater than or equal to 75; the lighting source is a white light LED lamp; the highway tunnel is divided into an entrance section, a transition section, an intermediate section and an exit section in sequence; the white light LED lamp includes a basic lighting fixture and an enhanced lighting fixture; wherein the enhanced lighting fixture is arranged at the entrance section, the transition section and the exit section; the basic lighting fixture is arranged at the intermediate section. Chinese patent, its publication number: CN108650734A, discloses a new energy-saving tunnel lighting control system, characterized in that the control system includes an intelligent energy-saving control module, a traffic information detector, an RS485 bus communication module and a plurality of lighting units, the traffic information detector is used to detect whether there is a vehicle passing through the tunnel, and is electrically connected to the signal input end of the intelligent energy-saving control module, the RS485 bus communication module is used to receive the signal output by the intelligent energy-saving control module and transmit the signal to the lighting unit, realizing multi-point data transmission and networking functions, the plurality of lighting units are used to adjust the brightness of the LED light group in the tunnel, and the lighting units are connected to each other. The signal output end of the RS485 bus communication module is arranged in parallel and electrically connected. The intelligent energy-saving control module is used to receive vehicle traffic conditions, real-time light intensity in the tunnel, etc. for calculation and processing, and generate corresponding signals to control the opening and brightness adjustment of the tunnel light group. Its signal output end is electrically connected to the RS485 bus communication module; Chinese patent application, its application number: Publication number: CN104684215A, discloses an intelligent street light control system, which consists of a remote monitoring center, a GPRS unit, a street light controller, a data acquisition unit, a ZigBee wireless communication module, and a number of groups of street light nodes. The remote monitoring center uniformly manages the entire street light control system, including selecting the working mode, collecting and monitoring environmental parameters. The data acquisition unit is responsible for collecting ambient environmental parameters, including temperature, humidity, light, haze and other parameters.The remote monitoring center conducts two-way communication with the street light controller through the public network GPRS, including the transmission of control instructions from the remote monitoring center and the transmission of collected environmental parameters. Each street light node is self-organized through the ZigBee wireless Mesh network; the ZigBee wireless communication modules distributed in the road section, including the ZigBee coordinator and multiple ZigBee terminals set at the street light nodes, form a ZigBee wireless Mesh network. The ZigBee coordinator receives instructions from the street light controller through the serial port to control the ZigBee terminal. After the ZigBee coordinator is powered on, it automatically selects a channel and a network number to establish a network. The ZigBee terminal joins the established network and is responsible for controlling the driving of the street light switch according to the instructions of the ZigBee coordinator; the motion state sensor is set on each street light node in the road section to measure the motion state of pedestrians and vehicles passing by, and communicates with the street light controller through the data center line. The street light controller controls the street light state through the ZigBee wireless Mesh network according to the set program. In addition, the document "Design of Intelligent Lighting Control System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer" ("Electronic Production" December 2021, Cha Chengyuan et al.), this intelligent lighting control system uses STM32F103C8T6 single chip microcomputer as the main control chip of the system, diffuse reflection photoelectric sensor to realize indoor number measurement, photosensitive sensor to realize indoor light intensity measurement, serial port screen to display date, time, number of people and other data. The document "Design of Intelligent Lighting Control System of Jinjiazhuang Extra Long Spiral Tunnel of Yanchong Expressway" ("Science and Technology Wind" December 2021, Wu Zhifeng et al.), this document aims at the current shortcomings of excessive energy consumption, high labor cost and low intelligence in urban road lighting. This paper combines 4G public network and wireless communication technology to design and implement a road lighting control system mainly composed of host computer client, 4G / RF gateway, and LED single lamp controller. The system realizes remote manual or automatic control of street lamps, street lamp status monitoring, street lamp-environment coordination and other functions. The document "Analysis and Simulation Design of Tunnel Lighting System of Xingyan Expressway" (Technology, May 2018, Gao Zhiquan et al.), based on the traditional highway tunnel lighting design, selected new stepless adjustable energy-saving lamps and applied them in the newly built Xingyan Expressway in Beijing. Using the light environment simulation function of DIAux software, the data of different power and spacing of lamps in Yingchengzi Tunnel model were simulated to develop and optimize intelligent control algorithms, and a more perfect adaptive energy-saving control method for tunnel lighting was adopted. The document "Design and Application of Intelligent Lighting Control Scheme for Extra-Long Tunnels" (China Transportation Informatization, Issue 12, 2018, Tian Nuoyu et al.), starting from the design and practical application research of intelligent lighting control scheme for extra-long tunnels of highways, in terms of stepless dimming control circuit setting, network architecture, etc., combined with the actual situation of the project site, and considering the operation and maintenance in the long term, a comprehensive analysis was conducted, and a scientific and reasonable control circuit scheme design and actual on-site application scheme were proposed.The document "Research on Tunnel Lighting Control System Based on Dynamically Adjustable LED Light Color" ("Electronic Devices" Vol. 44, No. 1, February 2021) first uses warm white light, green light, and cold white light as the three primary colors to derive a three-channel PWM dimming light color dynamic adjustment model; secondly, based on the overall system architecture, the hardware circuit is specifically designed and selected, and the development of the upper computer control platform and the lower computer color temperature adjustment program is completed; finally, a control system experimental platform is built to simulate and verify the dynamic adjustment effect of LED light color.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned prior arts do not provide detailed control strategies to benefit buildings, especially highway culverts or tunnels (Note: the control strategies for urban street lighting and highway tunnels are different). They do not adopt control strategies such as natural green energy to achieve complementary power supply between municipal electricity and green energy, or dual inverters to achieve bidirectional energy transmission, making the switching of current transmission direction faster, etc. to achieve energy-saving, efficient, reasonable and safe technical solutions for public transportation buildings. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention discloses a tunnel lighting system, which is applied to highway culverts and tunnels to solve the defects existing in the background technology. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] A lighting system for construction engineering, characterized by comprising a remote control center, a GPRS remote communication network, a sub-controller, a ZigBee wireless communication module, a main controller, and conventional lighting and emergency lighting groups.

[0007] Among them: Remote control center: including a host computer with a fixed IP address, a tunnel lighting control platform developed based on LabVIEW software, including multiple control subroutines to achieve control with remote controlled objects;

[0008] GPRS remote communication network: It is composed of GPRS communication modules, which can access the host computer with a fixed IP address remotely through the GPRS public network, and use TCP / IP protocol to communicate with the host computer over long distances. It is responsible for receiving control instructions sent by the remote control center and then sending them to the main controller.

[0009] Main controller: responsible for converting the data sent by the GPRS module and sending it to the ZigBee coordinator through the serial port;

[0010] ZigBee wireless communication module: The main controller sends control instructions to the sub-controller through the ZigBee network;

[0011] The sub-controller receives information from the main controller through the ZigBee wireless communication network via the serial port, and outputs multiple independent PWM control signals to control the driving power supply of the lighting group according to the received information, so as to adjust the color temperature and luminous flux of the lighting group;

[0012] Conventional lighting and emergency lighting sets: driving power supply with PWM dimming function; the lighting set uses CC2530 chip with ZigBee 2007Pro protocol stack as processor;

[0013] Power supply module: including mains power and green energy storage power, which realize switching power supply to the functional modules in the system through control switches.

[0014] Preferably, it includes energy storage devices arranged at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, and the specific structure is as follows: it includes: photovoltaic power generation components, environmental sensors, main controller modules, solar tracking devices, etc., wherein the main controller module processes the environmental information collected by temperature, humidity, wind speed and time sensors, and then determines the actual situation of the current environment; uses photoelectric solar tracking sensors to sense the intensity of sunlight and intelligently find light; the photoelectric sensor transmits the solar positioning information at different times to the main controller module through analog / digital conversion to determine the light intensity and light position information, and then controls the DC motor to drive the lighting module to always face the sun.

[0015] Preferably, the LED lamp group adopts a bidirectional DC / DC module, which realizes bidirectional energy transmission by only changing the current flow direction of the DC / DC module without changing the polarity of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side, thereby making the switching of the current transmission direction faster.

[0016] Preferably: using RS-232 serial communication module to realize bidirectional DC / DC module signal transmission, wherein: RS-232 serial communication interface is chip CC2530, using MAX232CSE chip to convert level, establishing bidirectional communication mode between modules.

[0017] Preferably, the LED light group can be individually controlled by a sub-controller, which collects the voltage, current, power factor, ambient light brightness, and vehicle flow information of the lighting / emergency light through sensors, and uploads this information to the main controller through the ZigBee wireless communication module, and simultaneously outputs a 0-10V dimming signal to control the brightness of the lighting / emergency light.

[0018] Beneficial Effects

[0019] By using the constructed energy-saving lighting model to control the working status of the tunnel lighting system, it is possible to save lighting electricity.

[0020] The use of a bidirectional DC / DC module can achieve bidirectional energy transmission by simply changing the direction of current flow in the converter without changing the polarity of the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side, making the switching of current transmission direction faster.

[0021] According to the energy-saving lighting model established above, the duty cycle is adjusted to η as required, that is, the dimming voltage of the lamp can be adjusted between 0-10V, and the working state of the individual lamp groups of the tunnel lighting system can be controlled, so as to save lighting electricity.

[0022] Increase control strategies for sudden fire incidents in tunnels and improve tunnel safety.

[0023] Energy storage devices are installed at the entrance and exit of the tunnel respectively, and green environmental protection is achieved by switching between mains power and energy storage devices as needed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 The present invention provides a PWM / voltage conversion circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] See also Figure 1 As shown, the tunnel lighting system of the present invention includes conventional lighting and emergency lighting lamp groups, sub-controllers, ZigBee wireless communication modules, main controllers, GPRS modules, power supply modules and remote control centers.

[0027] Among them: Remote control center: including a host computer with a fixed IP address, a tunnel lighting control platform developed based on LabVIEW software, including LED light color dynamic adjustment subroutine, LabVIEW TCP / IP communication transmission subroutine, brightness adjustment subroutine for different sections of the tunnel, etc.

[0028] GPRS remote communication network: It is composed of GPRS communication modules, which remotely access the host computer with a fixed IP address through the GPRS public network, and use the TCP / IP protocol to conduct long-distance wireless communication with the host computer. It is responsible for receiving the control instructions sent by the host computer and then sending them to the main controller.

[0029] Main controller: responsible for converting the data sent by the GPRS module and sending it to the ZigBee coordinator through the serial port.

[0030] ZigBee wireless communication network: It adopts a star network structure. A ZigBee coordinator is configured at the main controller end, and a ZigBee terminal node is configured for each LED lamp, that is, a one-to-many communication method. The main controller sends control instructions to the sub-controller through the ZigBee network. The star network is suitable for short tunnels. When the actual tunnel is a long tunnel or an extra-long tunnel, a tree network structure or a mesh network structure is used to build the ZigBee wireless network, and multiple ZigBee routers can be added in the star network structure to achieve this.

[0031] Sub-controller: On the one hand, it receives information from the main controller through the serial port via the ZigBee wireless communication network. On the other hand, it outputs multiple independent PWM control signals according to the received information to control the LED drive power supply and adjust the color temperature and luminous flux of the LED lamp group.

[0032] Conventional lighting and emergency lighting lamp groups: A drive power supply with PWM dimming function; this lighting lamp group selects the CC2530 chip with the ZigBee 2007 Pro protocol stack as the processor.

[0033] Power supply module: It includes mains power and green energy storage power, and the two realize the switching power supply for the functional modules in the system through a control switch.

[0034] Next, we first elaborate on the design principle of the tunnel lighting control system of the present invention, which uses the constructed energy-saving lighting model to control the working state of the tunnel lighting system, thereby achieving the goal of saving lighting electricity.

[0035] The electric lighting in building traffic tunnels is generally divided into conventional lighting and emergency lighting. The present invention starts from the static temperature utility and static time utility functions to analyze whether the leveling temperature in the tunnel matches the working state of the lighting fixtures at a certain cross-section. The static temperature utility function quantifies the working temperature of the lighting equipment in the tunnel according to the relationship between the expected temperature and the actual temperature, and its formula is:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula: is the value of the static temperature utility function of lighting equipment i at time t; T t is the equipment temperature at time t; [T1, T2] is the expected temperature range; k is the static temperature utility decline coefficient. When T t ∈[T1, T2], the utility value is 1; when T t <T1 or T t>T2, under the effect of parameter k, the temperature utility value decreases. At this time, k∈(0,1). The smaller the parameter k is, the faster the temperature utility value decreases. Then, the static time utility function is used to quantify the operating status of the lighting equipment at a certain moment. The calculation result is:

[0038]

[0039] Where: is the static time utility number of lighting equipment i at time t; [t min ,t max ] is the expected lighting usage time; [T1, T2] is the actual lighting on time.

[0040] When the emergency lighting is turned off, the time utility function value is 0; when the conventional lighting is working normally, the time utility function value is 1. Through the above calculation, the power consumption status of the tunnel lighting is determined.

[0041] According to the above calculation results, an energy-saving lighting model for tunnel lighting is constructed. A conventional lighting device b is selected as the research object, s represents the influence area of ​​the conventional lighting device, X represents the set of all nodes in the influence area, and x i Represents a power consumption node x i ∈X,i=1,2,…,n. At any time, the activity state of each node can be recorded as a(x i , t), the activity set is represented by Bs(t), then there exists Bs(t) = [a(x1, t), a(x2, t), .., a(xn, t)]; the set of conventional lighting equipment b is denoted by Db = {D 1 b,D 2 b,…,D n b}. Among them, the real-time running status is recorded as d b (t), real-time power is denoted as P b (t). Then in the time period (0, ta), the operating state set of conventional lighting equipment b is D b (0, ta). While time t affects area s, it also affects the power usage scenario of conventional lighting equipment b. Therefore, the scenario parameter set under this state is recorded as C b ,s, then in the time period (0,ta) and area s, the set of scene parameter states that affect the power efficiency of conventional lighting equipment b is represented by C b ,s(0,ta). Combined with the electricity utility calculated above, with energy saving as the main goal, the operation status of electrical appliances is dynamically optimized, and the power consumption of the equipment is controlled to the minimum value within the specified time period, while the operation status of conventional lighting equipment can be guaranteed. Assume that in the time period (0,ta), the power consumption value is H b(0,ta), then the energy-saving optimization objective function is calculated as:

[0042]

[0043] At this time, if there are conventional lighting devices with the same power consumption effect, combined optimization is required. Therefore, according to the above set parameters, the above objective function is optimized again within the same time interval:

[0044]

[0045] In summary, the tunnel energy-saving lighting model is:

[0046]

[0047] Where: Bs() is the set of all node activity states in its time period; t0-(t0+t a ) is a certain period of time; d b (t) is the running status at a certain moment; D b (t) is the operating state of tunnel device b at a certain time; Cb,s(t) is the set of all scenario parameter states that affect the power efficiency of circuit b in a certain time and area s; minH b (t0,t0+t a ) is the minimum power consumption in a certain period of time. By using the constructed energy-saving lighting model to control the working state of the tunnel lighting system, it is possible to save lighting electricity.

[0048] The following is a detailed description of the specific structure of the functional control module involved in the lighting control system of the present invention:

[0049] Adopt the design of bidirectional DC / DC module and its communication module control strategy:

[0050] Since the DC / DC module in the existing building tunnel lighting system adopts a single-phase working mode, the energy in the DC / DC module can only flow in one direction due to the influence of the power transmission diode, which limits the reverse flow of energy, and thus limits its use in situations where energy flows in both directions. If the tunnel lighting system retains the unidirectional DC / DC module in the original system and builds unidirectional DC-DC converter A and converter B in anti-parallel, then too many devices will increase the complexity of the lighting system circuit. Therefore, the present invention adopts a bidirectional DC / DC module to replace two unidirectional DC / DC modules to achieve bidirectional flow of energy; the bidirectional DC / DC module can achieve bidirectional energy transmission by only changing the current flow direction of the converter without changing the polarity of its high-voltage side and low-voltage side, making the switching of the current transmission direction faster.

[0051] In order to ensure the smooth operation of the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the serial communication module of the lighting system is redesigned: the RS-232 serial communication interface is USART0 and USART1 of the chip CC2530, among which: USART0 adopts asynchronous UART mode; USART1 adopts synchronous serial peripheral interface (SPI) mode; the chip CC2530 uses transistor-transistor logic level, and the designed serial communication module follows the RS-232 level, so the two cannot be directly connected. The MAX232CSE chip is used to convert the level, and then the bidirectional communication mode between the modules is established, and four 0.1μF ceramic capacitors are added to the peripheral circuit of the MAX232CSE chip.

[0052] Individual control strategies for lighting / emergency lighting groups:

[0053] The present invention can realize individual control of the lighting / emergency light group inside the tunnel through a sub-controller. The sub-controller collects the voltage, current, power factor, ambient light brightness, and vehicle flow information of the lighting / emergency light through sensors, and uploads this information to the main controller through the ZigBee wireless communication module, and outputs a 0-10V dimming signal to control the brightness of the lighting / emergency light. The lighting / emergency light of the present invention adopts 0-10V analog DC voltage dimming. Considering that the sub-controller needs to control a group of lighting / emergency lights (at least 2 lighting or emergency lights) at the same time, the present invention uses PWM to generate a 0-10V DC voltage by simulating DAC through an RC low-pass filter. The circuit is as follows Figure 2 The sub-controller uses the timer TIM2 to generate a PWM signal with a frequency of 150Hz, which is filtered by the low-pass filter composed of R3 and C2 to obtain the average voltage Assume that the high level of the PWM signal is Vh and the duty cycle is η, then the average voltage for:

[0054]

[0055] The operational amplifier forms a common-mode proportional amplifier circuit. After amplification, the dimming voltage output to the lighting lamp / emergency lamp is:

[0056]

[0057] Therefore, according to the energy-saving lighting model established above, the duty cycle can be adjusted to η as required, that is, the dimming voltage of the lamp can be adjusted between 0-10V, and the working state of the LED lamp group of the tunnel lighting system can be controlled to save lighting electricity.

[0058] Control strategies for sudden fire incidents in tunnels:

[0059] In a tunnel, a fire may occur at any position of a moving vehicle, and a fire accident in the middle position has the greatest impact on escape. In the middle position, regardless of the wind direction, half of the personnel are located downstream of the smoke, which is the least conducive to safe escape. Assuming that the fire occurs in the middle of the tunnel, in order to ensure the accuracy of the numerical simulation of the fire, the present invention uses a non-steady-state model to simulate the fire source. The model can be expressed as: R = χτ 2

[0060] Where: R is the heat release rate of fire; τ is time; χ is the growth coefficient of heat release rate.

[0061] A calculation model is established based on the actual collective size of the tunnel, and a grid is divided on the model for subsequent calculations. To make the two flow fields of the model and the prototype similar, it is necessary to ensure that the Reynolds number is greater than 1000. Through this condition, the scale relationship between the fire model and the tunnel prototype is established. When a fire occurs, the smoke is driven by heat to flow. At this time, the speed of the smoke is considered to be the characteristic speed of the fire plume, which can be specifically expressed as: v = 1.9R 1.5

[0062] Where: v is the characteristic velocity of the flue gas.

[0063] According to the above formula, the characteristic diameter of the fire source at different positions can be calculated and corresponded to the grid size. The division of the unit grid obeys the Poisson distribution. On this basis, the boundary conditions of the model are designed, mainly including the inlet velocity, initial temperature, pressure at both ends and environmental parameters.

[0064] Based on the constructed tunnel fire smoke spread model, semiconductor temperature difference power generation is used to track the maximum power point of emergency lighting, thereby obtaining the output power of the power generation component, providing data support for the design of evacuation and rescue routes. Under ideal conditions, the semiconductor temperature difference power generation component can be identified as a voltage source, at which time there is:

[0065] Where: w is the maximum output power; V1 is the output voltage; r1 and r2 are the internal resistance and load resistance respectively.

[0066] In the linearization circuit, the maximum output power can be obtained by matching the internal resistance and the load resistance. Under external conditions with the same temperature difference, by applying a disturbance to the reference voltage, the amplified signal can be obtained and voltage control can be achieved. After the power ratio is directly given, each converter is in an open-loop state. At this time, a feedback voltage loop is applied, and the voltage obtained is opposite to the original direction; after the output power changes, it means that the operating point is approaching the maximum power point. The above process can be expressed by the calculation formula: Δα=β+[β-β (l-1) ]sign[pp (l-1) ]

[0067] Where: Δα is the amplitude of the disturbance variable, that is, the fixed step size; β is the disturbance variable; l is the time interval; p is the output power; sign is the sign function.

[0068] The advantage of the above calculation method is that it does not need to measure external conditions such as temperature, and only uses fixed final compensation to obtain power oscillation and time efficiency. In the case of unstable changes in conditions, it still has a high final effect, is suitable for dynamic characteristic analysis of tunnel models, and can reduce power loss.

[0069] According to the dynamic tracking results of the maximum power of emergency lighting, a path weight algorithm is designed to screen the optimal path for tunnel evacuation and rescue. In the actual tunnel fire evacuation and rescue, the temperature and smoke and other harmful gas concentration information of the evacuation space are updated at a fixed time interval. Based on the data obtained by the environmental detection device, the equivalent length value is calculated in real time to determine the evacuation path. While completing the global path optimization, the spatial congestion value is updated. In order to improve the calculation efficiency, the nodes with the same attributes are merged to reduce the total number of spatial nodes. The updated nodes have corresponding parameter values. Similarly, when the spatial range is large, the nodes are split to improve the calculation accuracy.

[0070] Applications of Green Energy Storage Devices:

[0071] The present invention sets energy storage devices at the entrance and exit of the tunnel respectively, and realizes green environmental protection by switching between the mains power and the energy storage devices as needed. The specific structure is as follows:

[0072] The energy storage device includes: photovoltaic power generation components, environmental sensors, main controller modules, solar tracking devices, etc., wherein the main controller module processes environmental information collected by temperature, humidity, wind speed, time sensors, etc., and then determines the actual situation of the current environment; uses photoelectric solar tracking sensors to sense sunlight intensity and intelligently find light; the photoelectric sensor transmits the solar positioning information at different times to the main controller module through analog / digital conversion to determine the light intensity and light position information, and then controls the two-dimensional DC motor to drive the lighting module to always face the sun, and realize automatic tracking of sunlight targets within the range of 0-90° in the vertical direction and 180° in the horizontal direction; photovoltaic power generation is carried out through the solar panels in the photovoltaic power generation components, and the generated points are stored in the battery, and the battery is used to power the solar tracking device.

[0073] The energy storage device adopts a solar tracking sensor, and adopts a four-quadrant coarse and fine adjustment secondary positioning and real-time tracking working mode. Two groups of photosensitive diodes with good consistency (4 in each group) are selected as photosensitive elements. A group of photosensitive diodes located on the outside of the reference board of the main controller module are used as a large-scale search for sunlight, that is, a four-quadrant coarse adjustment sunlight signal collection group, while a group of photosensitive diodes located on the inside of the reference board are used as a small-scale search for sunlight, that is, a four-quadrant fine adjustment sunlight signal collection group. Considering that the sunlight is weak in the morning and evening, strong at noon, and phenomena such as the sensor facing away from the sunlight or the light being blocked by dark clouds often occur, the sensor receives sunlight gathered by an optical convex lens, which can effectively avoid the problem of poor lighting signals caused by weak sunlight in the morning and evening, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the sensor to weak light during morning and evening work; the sunlight intensity is too high at noon during the day, causing the photodiode group to enter the saturation zone, which will inevitably reduce the sensor's sunlight fine positioning accuracy. Therefore, according to actual use, the threaded bolt is installed to effectively and cost-effectively adjust the focal length of the focusing spot, which can indirectly reduce the area of ​​sunlight received by the photodiode, so that the photodiode exits the saturation zone and resumes normal photosensitivity. At the same time, the main controller module has a clock signal, and the self-searching mode is immediately started after the time facing away from the sunlight exceeds the threshold. Therefore, the sun tracking sensor used in the present invention can provide high-precision sun positioning information for the lighting device all year round. In addition, in order to ensure stable and reliable operation of the sun tracking sensor, a special threaded bolt (a nut with a groove) is used to effectively connect the optical convex lens and the lens fixing ring and fix them to the base plate at the bottom of the sensor.

[0074] The solar tracking device of the energy storage device needs to control the movement of the worm gear reduction DC motor to accurately track the sunlight. Considering that the traditional PID algorithm alone cannot achieve the precise control requirements of the motor displacement and requires manual adjustment of parameters, the introduction of fuzzy control can realize the real-time setting of the three major parameters of the PID controller, so a fuzzy-PID algorithm is proposed to intelligently control the motor movement angle. The motor movement angle deviation e and the deviation change rate ec are selected as the input variables of the fuzzy-PID controller, and the three major parameters of the PID controller KP, KI, and KD are used as output variables to build a two-dimensional fuzzy controller. The fuzzy subsets of input and output are defined as 8, all of which are {NB, NM, NS, N0, P0, PS, PM, PB}, among which the fuzzy subsets are: NB—negative large, NM—negative medium, NS—negative small, ZO—zero, PS—positive small, PM—positive medium, PB—positive large, negative zero N0 and positive zero P0 can both be represented by Z0, and the input and output domains are both between [-6, 6]. Based on the above analysis and combined with the PID parameter tuning experience, the fuzzy reasoning criteria of the fuzzy-PID controller under different combinations of deviation e and deviation change rate ec are given. A fuzzy-PID controller simulation model is established in the Simulink library in MATLAB, and it is continuously debugged until the motion angle of the DC reduction motor is accurately controlled.

[0075] The electric energy collected by photovoltaic power generation in the present invention complements the mains electricity. In order to ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment and effectively deal with problems such as equipment failure and damage, the main controller module also controls the four-way limit switches in the southeast, northwest and northeast for self-protection. At the same time, the status information of the energy storage device can be uploaded to the remote control center to remotely monitor and control the equipment to work reliably in real time.

[0076] In summary, the present invention, through the design of the highway tunnel lighting system, uses the most advanced control technology and equipment to control the tunnel lighting system, enhances the function and energy-saving effect of tunnel lighting, and creates greater value for the transportation industry.

[0077] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only describe the principles of the present invention. The present invention may be subject to various changes and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. These changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A lighting system for a highway tunnel in a construction project, characterized by: It includes a remote control center, a GPRS remote communication network, a sub-controller, a ZigBee wireless communication module, a main controller, and conventional lighting and emergency lighting groups; Among them: Remote control center: including a host computer with a fixed IP address, a tunnel lighting control platform developed based on LabVIEW software, including multiple control subroutines to achieve control with remote controlled objects; GPRS remote communication network: It is composed of GPRS communication modules, which can access the host computer with a fixed IP address remotely through the GPRS public network, and use TCP / IP protocol to communicate with the host computer over long distances. It is responsible for receiving control instructions sent by the remote control center and then sending them to the main controller. Main controller: responsible for converting the data sent by the GPRS module and sending it to the ZigBee coordinator through the serial port; ZigBee wireless communication module: The main controller sends control instructions to the sub-controller through the ZigBee network; The sub-controller receives information from the main controller through the ZigBee wireless communication network via the serial port, and outputs multiple independent PWM control signals to control the driving power supply of the lighting group according to the received information, so as to adjust the color temperature and luminous flux of the lighting group; Conventional lighting and emergency lighting sets: driving power supply with PWM dimming function; the lighting set uses CC2530 chip with ZigBee2007Pro protocol stack as processor; Power supply module: including mains power and green energy storage power, which realize switching power supply to the functional modules in the system through control switches; The conventional lighting and emergency lighting groups use bidirectional DC / DC modules; The conventional lighting and emergency lighting groups are individually controlled by a sub-controller, which collects the voltage, current, power factor, ambient light brightness, and vehicle flow information of the conventional lighting / emergency lights through sensors, and uploads the above information to the main controller through the ZigBee wireless communication module, and outputs a 0-10V dimming signal to control the brightness of the lighting / emergency lights; The sub-controller uses the timer TIM2 to generate a PWM signal with a frequency of 150Hz, and the average voltage is obtained after filtering by the low-pass filter composed of R3 and C2. Assume that the high level of the PWM signal is Vh and the duty cycle is η, then the average voltage for: The operational amplifier forms a common-mode proportional amplifier circuit. After amplification, the dimming voltage output to the lighting lamp / emergency lamp is: And including the control strategy for sudden fire events in the tunnel, based on the dynamic tracking results of the maximum power of emergency lighting, the path weight algorithm is designed to screen the optimal path for tunnel evacuation and rescue: Based on the constructed tunnel fire smoke spread model, semiconductor temperature difference power generation is used to track the maximum power point of emergency lighting, thereby obtaining the output power of the power generation component: Where: w is the maximum output power; V1 is the output voltage; r1 and r2 are the internal resistance and load resistance respectively. Under the external conditions of the same temperature difference, by applying disturbance to the reference voltage, the amplified signal can be obtained and voltage control can be achieved. After the power ratio is directly given, each converter is in an open-loop state. At this time, the feedback voltage loop is applied, and the voltage obtained is opposite to the original direction; after the output power changes, the working point approaches the maximum power point. The above process is expressed by the calculation formula: Δα=β+[β-β (l-1) ]sign[pp (l-1) ] Where: Δα is the amplitude of the disturbance variable, i.e., the fixed step size; β is the disturbance variable; l is the time interval; p is the output power; sign is the sign function; According to the dynamic tracking results of the maximum power of emergency lighting, a path weight algorithm is designed to screen the optimal path for tunnel evacuation and rescue.

2. The road tunnel lighting system used in construction engineering according to claim 1 is characterized by: It includes energy storage devices installed at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, and its specific structure is as follows: it includes: photovoltaic power generation components, environmental sensors, controller modules, and solar tracking devices, wherein the controller module processes the environmental information collected by temperature, humidity, wind speed, and time sensors, and then determines the actual situation of the current environment; uses photoelectric solar tracking sensors to sense the intensity of sunlight and intelligently find light; the photoelectric sensor transmits the solar positioning information at different times to the controller module through analog / digital conversion to determine the light intensity and light position information, and then controls the DC motor to drive the lighting module to always face the sun.

3. The road tunnel lighting system used in construction engineering according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bidirectional DC / DC module achieves bidirectional energy transmission by only changing the current flow direction of the DC / DC module without changing the polarity of its high-voltage side and low-voltage side.

4. The lighting system for highway tunnels in construction projects according to claim 3 is characterized by: The RS-232 serial communication module is used to realize bidirectional DC / DC module signal transmission, where the RS-232 serial communication interface is the chip CC2530, and the MAX232CSE chip is used to convert the level to establish a bidirectional communication mode between modules.

5. An energy-saving control method for a highway tunnel lighting system in a construction project, comprising the lighting system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: controlling conventional lighting and emergency lighting lamps in a tunnel in a construction project individually, and switching and controlling the power supply of mains electricity and green energy storage electricity.

6. The highway tunnel lighting system suitable for construction engineering according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied to highway tunnel lighting engineering.

Images