Winding switching device and rotating electric machine drive system using the same

Abstract

The object of the present invention is to provide a winding switching device capable of improving the reliability of electrical contact between a movable part and a fixed part, and a rotary electric machine drive system equipped with such a winding switching device. The winding switching device (4) of the present invention switches the connection state of a plurality of windings, and comprises: a plurality of electrodes (U1 to U4) to which a plurality of windings (7, 8) are connected; a movable part (10) having a plurality of conductor parts (9a, 9b) contacting the plurality of electrodes, and being driven along a specified direction in which the plurality of electrodes are arranged; and a fixed part (11) having a limiting part (11b) for limiting the movement of the movable part in a specified direction, and switching the connection state of the plurality of windings according to the position of the movable part, and when the movable part moves in a specified direction, the plurality of conductors are displaced in a direction away from the plurality of electrodes by the limiting part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a winding switching device for switching the connection states of a plurality of windings and a rotating electric machine drive system equipped with the winding switching device. Background Art

[0002] There is known a technique for switching the connection state of windings in order to make the output characteristics of a motor as a rotating electrical machine different between a high speed range and a low speed range.

[0003] For example, the winding switching device described in Patent Document 1 includes: a device body having a plurality of electrodes connected to the ends of a plurality of windings; a movable part having a series wiring circuit part and a parallel wiring circuit part arranged in a switching direction; and a drive device that moves the movable body in the switching direction. When the movable body is moved by the drive device and the electrodes of the device body come into contact with the electrodes of the series wiring circuit part and the electrodes of the parallel wiring circuit part movable body on the movable body, the windings of the motor are connected in a series state and a parallel state, respectively.

[0004] In addition, as a technology for switching the electrical connection state between a load equipped with a power supply and a winding, there is a known prior art described in Patent Document 2. In this technology, a movable switching contact connected to a high-frequency oscillator is electrically connected to any one of a plurality of fixed contacts connected to a plurality of induction heating coils. When the movable switching contact is driven by a pneumatic cylinder, the induction heating coil connected to the high-frequency oscillator is switched. At this time, the movable switching contact is separated from the fixed contact by the action of a spring, and the movable switching contact moves without sliding relative to the fixed contact.

[0005] Prior art literature

[0006] Patent Literature

[0007] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-70112

[0008] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-43831 Summary of the invention

[0009] Problem that the invention aims to solve

[0010] In the winding switching device described in Patent Document 1, the electrodes of the movable body slide relative to the electrodes of the device body, so the electrodes may be worn or damaged. Furthermore, when the external power driving the movable body is lost, the reliability of the electrical contact between the electrodes of the device body and the electrodes of the movable body is reduced.

[0011] In addition, in the technology described in Patent Document 2, the movable switching contact moves without sliding relative to the fixed contact, so that wear or damage on the movable switching contact and the fixed contact can be suppressed. However, when the driving force of the movable switching contact is lost due to an abnormality of the pneumatic cylinder, the reliability of the electrical contact between the movable contact and the fixed contact is reduced.

[0012] Therefore, the present invention provides a winding switching device capable of improving the reliability of electrical contact between a movable part and a fixed part, and a rotating electric machine drive system equipped with such a winding switching device.

[0013] Technical means of solving problems

[0014] In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the winding switching device of the present invention switches the connection status of multiple windings, and comprises: multiple electrodes, which are connected to multiple windings; a movable part, which has multiple conductor parts that contact the multiple electrodes and is driven along a specified direction in which the multiple electrodes are arranged; and a fixed part, which has a limiting part that limits the movement of the movable part in the specified direction, and switches the connection status of the multiple windings according to the position of the movable part. When the movable part moves in the specified direction, the multiple conductors are displaced in the direction away from the multiple electrodes through the limiting part.

[0015] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the winding switching device of the present invention has a plurality of winding switching parts for switching the connection status of a plurality of windings, wherein the winding has a plurality of unit windings, and the winding switching parts switch the connection status of the plurality of unit windings, and have: a plurality of electrodes, which are connected to the plurality of unit windings; a movable part, which has a plurality of conductor parts contacting the plurality of electrodes and is driven along a specified direction in which the plurality of electrodes are arranged; and a fixed part, which has a limiting part for limiting the movement of the movable part in the specified direction, and the connection status of the plurality of unit windings is switched according to the position of the movable part, and when the movable part moves along the specified direction, the plurality of conductors are displaced in a direction away from the plurality of electrodes by the limiting part.

[0016] In order to solve the above problems, the rotating electric machine drive system of the present invention comprises: a rotating electric machine; an inverter, which outputs AC power to the rotating electric machine; and a winding switching device, which is connected between the rotating electric machine and the inverter, and the winding switching device is the winding switching device of the present invention mentioned above.

[0017] Effects of the Invention

[0018] According to the present invention, the reliability of electrical contact between the conductor portion of the movable portion and the electrode connected to the winding is improved. In addition, the reliability of operation of the rotating electrical machine drive system equipped with the winding switching device is improved.

[0019] Other problems, structures, and effects than those described above will become clear through the following description of the embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a variable speed driving system for EV driving according to the first embodiment.

[0021] Figure 2 3 is a diagram showing three-phase windings in the stator of the motor 5 (connected in series).

[0022] Figure 3 3 is a diagram showing three-phase windings in the stator of the motor 5 (connected in parallel).

[0023] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 1 (parallel connection).

[0024] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 1 (during switching).

[0025] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 1 (connected in series).

[0026] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 2 (parallel connection).

[0027] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 2 (during switching).

[0028] Fig. 9 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 2 (connected in series).

[0029] Fig.10 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 3 (parallel connection).

[0030] Fig.11 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 3 (during switching).

[0031] Fig.12 This is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device in Example 3 (connected in series).

[0032] Fig.13 This is a diagram showing the overall structure of the winding switching device of Example 4.

[0033] Fig.14 This is a diagram showing the overall structure of the winding switching device of Example 5.

[0034] Fig.15 This is an overall structure diagram of the winding switching device of Example 6.

[0035] Fig.16This is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the winding switching device in Example 1.

[0036] Fig.17 This is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of a winding switching device according to the eighth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of the following Examples 1 to 8, using the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same components or components having similar functions.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Figure 1 This is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a variable speed driving system for EV driving according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] The variable speed operation system for driving an EV is an example of a rotating electrical machine driving system, and performs variable speed driving of a motor (for example, a permanent magnet synchronous motor) mounted in an EV (Electric Vehicle).

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the variable speed driving system of the present embodiment includes a power source 1 , an inverter 2 , a switching control device 3 , a winding switching device 4 , a motor 5 , and a load device 6 .

[0042] The inverter 2 is a power converter that converts the DC power input from the power supply 1 into three-phase AC power and outputs the three-phase AC power to the motor 5 via the winding switching device 4. That is, the inverter 2 functions as a driver that supplies AC power to each phase of the motor 5 via the winding switching device 4, thereby driving the motor 5.

[0043] The winding switching device 4 switches the winding connection state in the three-phase winding of the motor 5 according to the command signal from the switching control device 3. Thus, the output characteristics of the motor 5 are made different in the high speed range and the low speed range.

[0044] The switching control device 3 generates a command signal for switching the winding connection state in the three-phase winding of the motor 5 according to the speed of the motor 5 , and outputs the command signal to the winding switching device 4 .

[0045] The motor 5 is a three-phase AC motor. In the first embodiment, the motor 5 is a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The motor 5 drives a load device 6 (a wheel drive mechanism of an EV in the first embodiment).

[0046] Figure 2 and Figure 3 3 is a diagram showing a three-phase winding in the stator of the motor 5 .

[0047] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, each phase winding of the U phase, V phase and W phase of the motor 5 is composed of multiple ( Figure 2 , Figure 3 In the U phase, V phase and W phase, two unit windings are connected in series ( Figure 2 ) or parallel connection ( Figure 3 ).

[0048] The winding switching device 4 sets the connection state of the unit windings in each phase winding of the U phase, the V phase and the W phase to the series connection ( Figure 2 ) and parallel connection ( Figure 3 ) and switching between series connection and parallel connection.

[0049] Fig.16 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the winding switching device 4 in the first embodiment.

[0050] like Fig.16 As shown, the winding switching device 4 is composed of switches SW1_U, SW2_U, SW1_V, SW2_V, SW1_W, and SW2_W.

[0051] In the U phase, the switching switch SW1_U opens and closes the electrical connection between the terminal U1 (equivalent to the fixed terminal electrode U1 described later) electrically connected to one end of the U phase first winding and the U phase terminal U and the terminal U2 (equivalent to the fixed terminal electrode U2 described later) electrically connected to the U phase second winding. In addition, the switching switch SW2_U electrically connects the terminal U3 (equivalent to the fixed terminal electrode U3 described later) electrically connected to the other end of the U phase first winding and the terminal U2 (equivalent to the fixed terminal electrode U2 described later) and the terminal U4 (equivalent to the fixed terminal electrode U4 described later) electrically connected to the other end of the U phase second winding and the neutral point N.

[0052] Switch SW1_U and SW2_U to work together. Fig.16 As shown, when the switching switch SW1_U electrically disconnects the terminal U1 and the terminal U2 and the switching switch SW2_U electrically connects the terminal U3 to the terminal U2, the U-phase first winding and the U-phase second winding are electrically connected in series. In addition, when the switching switch SW1_U electrically connects the terminal U1 and the terminal U2 and the switching switch SW2_U electrically connects the terminal U3 to the terminal U4, the U-phase first winding and the U-phase second winding are electrically connected in parallel.

[0053] It should be noted that the operation of the switches SW1_V and SW2_V in the V phase and the operation of the switches SW1_W and SW2_W in the W phase are the same as those of the switches SW1_U and SW2_U in the U phase.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , by connecting the two unit windings constituting each phase winding in series, the efficiency of the inverter 2 when the motor 5 is driven at a low speed can be made higher than when they are connected in parallel. The reason is that by connecting the windings in series, the voltage when the motor 5 is driven at a low speed can be made higher than when they are connected in parallel, and thus the current when the motor 5 is driven at a low speed can be made lower than when they are connected in parallel. Figure 3 As shown, by connecting two unit windings constituting each phase winding in parallel, the efficiency of the inverter 2 when the motor 5 is driven at a high speed can be made higher than when the two unit windings are connected in series.

[0055] Next, use Figures 4 to 6 , the structure and operation of the winding switching device 4 in the first embodiment are described. Fig.16 Circuit composition.

[0056] Figure 4 1 is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the first embodiment ( Figure 5-6 Furthermore, Figure 4 The U-phase winding switching part ( Figure 5-6 The configurations of the V-phase winding switch unit and the W-phase winding switch unit are the same as the configuration of the U-phase winding switch unit.

[0057] The winding switching device 4 sets the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 to be connected in series ( Figure 2 ) and parallel connection ( Figure 3 ) and switching between series connection and parallel connection. Figure 4 In the embodiment, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected in parallel via the winding switching device 4 .

[0058] The winding switching device 4 includes a movable part 10 and a fixed part 11. The movable part 10 has movable short-circuit parts 9a and 9b made of conductors and electrically connecting the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8. The fixed part 11 has a plurality of fixed conductor parts 12 electrically connecting the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8. Figure 4In the embodiment, the plurality of fixed conductor portions 12 include fixed terminal electrodes U1 and U3 electrically connected to both ends of the U-phase first winding 7 and fixed terminal electrodes U2 and U4 electrically connected to both ends of the U-phase second winding 8. The fixed terminal electrode U1 is also electrically connected to the U-phase terminal U of the three-phase winding of the motor 5. In addition, the fixed terminal electrode U4 is also electrically connected to the neutral point N of the three-phase winding of the motor 5.

[0059] Furthermore, if Figure 4 As shown, the winding switching device 4 of this embodiment 1 has Figure 4 The upper and lower pairs of fixed members 11 are located in the space between the upper and lower pairs of movable members.

[0060] Here, Figure 4 In the embodiment, the direction in which the fixed terminal electrodes U1, U2, U3, and U4 are arranged in sequence in a horizontal direction, that is, the direction parallel to the imaginary line segment connecting the fixed terminal electrodes U1, U2, U3, and U4 is defined as the first direction ( Figures 5 to 10 The first direction is the direction in which the movable element 10 is driven by the external force F.

[0061] When the movable member 10 is driven in the first direction by an external force F applied by an operator (not shown), as described later ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 ), the electrical connection state between the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 is switched. Furthermore, as the operator, an electric operator equipped with a solenoid or the like can be used.

[0062] Figure 4 In the embodiment, the fixed terminal electrode U1 connected to one end of the U-phase first winding 7 and the fixed terminal electrode U2 connected to one end of the U-phase second winding 8 are short-circuited by the movable short-circuit portion 9a, and the fixed terminal electrode U3 connected to the other end of the U-phase first winding 7 and the fixed terminal electrode U4 connected to the other end of the U-phase second winding 8 are short-circuited by the movable short-circuit portion 9b. As a result, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected in parallel.

[0063] The movable member 10 has concave and convex portions (10a, 10b) along the first direction on the surface facing the fixed member 11 on both sides of the support portion of the fixed terminal electrodes U1, U2, U3, and U4. The concave portion 10a and the convex portion 10b are adjacent to each other. Figure 4 As shown, in the cross section of the concavo-convex portion in the direction perpendicular to the first direction, the surface of the concavo-convex portion has a triangular wave shape.

[0064] Furthermore, the fixing member 11 has convex portions 11b on the surfaces of the fixing member 11 facing both sides of the support portion that fixes the terminal electrodes U1, U2, U3, and U4. Figure 4 As shown, when the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected in parallel, the concave portion 10a of the movable member 10 and the convex portion 11b of the fixed member 11 are fitted and contacted with each other. Therefore, the movement of the movable member 10 along the first direction is restricted by the convex portion 11b of the fixed member 11. That is, the convex portion 11b of the fixed member 11 functions as a restriction portion that restricts the movement of the movable member 10.

[0065] According to such a limiting portion, the movement of the movable member 10 in the first direction, that is, the movement of the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b is limited, so the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained. That is, the winding switching device 4 of the first embodiment can be said to have a fail-safe function.

[0066] Furthermore, a tension spring 13 is connected between the pair of movable elements 10 arranged line-symmetrically with respect to the imaginary center line C. The tension spring 13 applies a force to the pair of movable elements 10 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and in a direction in which the pair of movable elements 10 are pulled closer to each other.

[0067] Therefore, the engagement between the concave portion 10a of the movable member 10 and the convex portion 11b of the fixed member 11 is not easily loosened, so the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained as long as the external power F is not applied to the movable member 10. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained in cooperation with the above-mentioned limiting portion.

[0068] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the first embodiment. Figure 5 The connection between the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 is changed from parallel connection ( Figure 4 )Switch to series connection ( Figure 6 ) is the state of the winding switching device 4 in the middle.

[0069] When Figure 4 In the parallel connection state shown, along the first direction, Figure 5When an external force is applied to the movable member 10 in the right direction, that is, in the direction from the movable short-circuit part 9a to the movable short-circuit part 9b, the movable member 10 slides on the fixed member 11 in the direction of the external force while contacting the fixed member 11. At this time, the movable member 10 moves in the first direction, and the tension spring stretches to maintain the contact between the movable member 10 and the fixed member 11. At the same time, since the sliding surface of the movable member 10 has a concave portion 10a and a convex portion 10b and the sliding surface of the fixed member 11 has a convex portion 11b, i.e., a limiting portion, the movable member 10 is displaced relative to the fixed member 11 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and in a direction away from the fixed member 11. That is, the movable member 10 moves in an inclined direction having an angle relative to the first direction.

[0070] Therefore, if Figure 5 As shown, the movable short-circuit parts 9a and 9b are separated from the fixed conductor part 12, that is, the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4, and the movable short-circuit parts 9a and 9b are released from contact with the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4.

[0071] Therefore, when the connection between the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 is changed from parallel connection ( Figure 4 )Switch to series connection ( Figure 6 ), the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1~U4 will not slide against each other, thereby preventing wear or damage to the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1~U4.

[0072] Figure 6 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the first embodiment. Figure 6 In the embodiment, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected in series.

[0073] When Figure 5 When external force is continuously applied to the movable part 10 in the state, the movable part 10 continues to move along the first direction (right in the figure), and the tension spring contracts to maintain the contact between the movable part 10 and the fixed part 11. At the same time, since the sliding surface of the movable part 10 has a concave portion 10a and a convex portion 10b and the sliding surface of the fixed part 11 has a convex portion 11b, i.e., a limiting portion, the movable part 10 is displaced relative to the fixed part 11 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and in a direction approaching the fixed part 11.

[0074] Therefore, if Figure 6 As shown, the movable short-circuit portion 9a releases Figure 4 The movable short-circuit portion 9b is released by contacting the fixed terminal electrode U1 and the fixed terminal electrodes U2 and U3. Figure 4The fixed terminal electrode U3 is in contact with the fixed terminal electrode U4 in the state. Therefore, the fixed terminal electrode U1 and the fixed terminal electrode U4 are respectively disconnected from one end of the U-phase second winding 8 and the other end of the U-phase first winding, and one end of the U-phase second winding 8 is electrically connected to the other end of the U-phase first winding 7 through the movable short-circuit portion 9a. As a result, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected in series.

[0075] exist Figure 6 In the state shown, the movement of the movable member 10 in the first direction, i.e., the movement of the movable short-circuit parts 9a and 9b, is also limited by the limiting part (convex part 11b) provided by the fixing member 11, so the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained. That is, the winding switching device 4 of the first embodiment can be said to have a fail-safe function.

[0076] exist Figure 6 In the state shown, the engagement between the concave portion 10a of the movable member 10 and the convex portion 11b of the fixed member 11 is not easily loosened by the force of the tension spring 13, so the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained as long as the external force F is not applied to the movable member 10. Therefore, even if the external force F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained in cooperation with the above-mentioned limiting portion.

[0077] Furthermore, when the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is switched from series connection to parallel connection, the state of the winding switching device 4 is opposite to the above case. Figure 6 , Figure 5 , Figure 4 The sequence of changes is different, but the action of the winding switching device 4 is the same as the above action.

[0078] As described above, according to the present embodiment 1, the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained by the limiting portion (convex portion 11b) of the fixing member 11. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost, the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding can be maintained, so that the winding switching device 4 can have a fault safety function. Furthermore, the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained by the force of the tension spring 13. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost, the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding can be reliably maintained.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] Next, use Figure 7 to Figure 9, Example 2 of the present invention is described. Furthermore, the following mainly describes the differences from Example 1, and the description of the aspects common to Example 1 is omitted.

[0081] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the second embodiment ( Figure 8-Figure 9 (The same applies to Figure 7 In the embodiment, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected to each other. Figure 4 They are also connected in parallel via the winding switching device 4.

[0082] Furthermore, this Figure 7 The U-phase winding switching part ( Figure 8-Figure 9 The configurations of the V-phase winding switch unit and the W-phase winding switch unit are the same as the configuration of the U-phase winding switch unit.

[0083] In the second embodiment, the projection 11b (limiting portion) on the stator 11 is located in the inner space between the upper and lower movable members 10. The fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 on the stator 11 are located in the outer space between the upper and lower movable members 10. The projection 11b has a flat portion at its tip.

[0084] Furthermore, in the figure, the upper fixed terminal electrodes U1, U2, U3 and U4 are not shown in the figure, but like the upper fixed terminal electrodes U1, U2, U3 and U4, they are electrically connected to one end of the U-phase first winding, one end of the U-phase second winding, the other end of the U-phase first winding and the other end of the U-phase second winding. In addition, in the figure, the upper fixed terminal electrodes U1 and U4 are not shown in the figure, but they are electrically connected to the U-phase terminal U and the neutral point N of the three-phase winding.

[0085] In the movable member 10, the recessed portion 10a and the convex portion 10b are located in the inner space between the upper and lower pair of movable members 10. In addition, in the movable member 10, the movable short-circuit portions 9a and 9b are located in the outer space between the upper and lower pair of movable members 10 and are located on the flat surface of the movable member 10. The convex portion 11b has a flat portion at its tip.

[0086] like Figure 7 As shown, in the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8, the flat portion of the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11 is in surface contact with the flat portion of the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10 in the inner space between the upper and lower pairs of movable members 10. As a result, the movable short-circuit portion 9a is pressed against the fixed terminal electrodes U1 and U2, and the movable short-circuit portion 9b is pressed against the fixed terminal electrodes U3 and U4.

[0087] According to the pushing force generated by such a limiting portion, the movement of the movable member 10 in the first direction, that is, the movement of the movable short-circuit portions 9a and 9b is limited, so the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained. That is, the winding switching device 4 of the second embodiment can be said to have a fail-safe function.

[0088] In addition, the urging force of the tension spring 13 applies surface pressure to the contact surface between the flat portion of the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11 and the flat portion of the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10. Therefore, the surface contact between the flat portion of the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11 and the flat portion of the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10 can be reliably maintained.

[0089] Therefore, the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained as long as the external power F is not applied to the movable part 10. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained in cooperation with the above-mentioned limiting part.

[0090] Figure 8 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the second embodiment. Figure 8 The connection between the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 is changed from parallel connection ( Figure 7 )Switch to series connection ( Fig. 9 ) is the state of the winding switching device 4 in the middle.

[0091] When Figure 7 In the parallel connection state shown, along the first direction, Figure 8 When an external force F is applied to the movable member 10 in the right direction, that is, from the movable short-circuit portion 9a to the movable short-circuit portion 9b, the movable member 10 slides on the fixed member 11 in the direction of the external force while contacting the fixed member 11. Figure 8 As shown, the bottom of the concave portion 10a of the movable member 10 contacts the flat portion of the top of the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11. At this time, the movable member 10 moves in the first direction, and the tension spring contracts to keep the movable member 10 in contact with the fixed member 11. At the same time, the movable member 10 is displaced relative to the fixed member 11 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and in a direction in which the pair of movable members 10 approach each other.

[0092] Therefore, if Figure 8 As shown, the movable short-circuit parts 9a and 9b are separated from the fixed conductor part 12, that is, the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4, and the movable short-circuit parts 9a and 9b are released from contact with the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4.

[0093] Therefore, when the connection between the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 is changed from parallel connection ( Figure 7 )Switch to series connection ( Fig. 9 ), the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1~U4 will not slide against each other, thereby preventing wear or damage to the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1~U4.

[0094] Furthermore, if Figure 8 As shown, in the second embodiment, the bottom of the concave portion 10a of the movable member 10 contacts the flat portion at the top of the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11, but the flat portion at the top of the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10 does not contact the bottom of the concave portion between the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11. That is, the height of the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10 from the bottom of the concave portion 10a is smaller than the height of the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11 from the bottom of the concave portion. Therefore, the distance between the movable short-circuit portions 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 can be set by the height of the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10 from the bottom of the concave portion 10a. Therefore, the sliding of the movable short-circuit portions 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 can be prevented with high reliability, so the wear or damage of the movable short-circuit portions 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 can be reliably prevented.

[0095] Fig. 9 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the second embodiment. Figure 6 In the embodiment, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected in series.

[0096] When Figure 8 When the external force is continuously applied to the movable member 10 in the state, the movable member 10 continues to move in the first direction (rightward in the figure) while the contact between the concave portion 10a of the movable member 10 and the convex portion 11b of the fixed member 11 is maintained by the force of the tension spring 13. Thereafter, when the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10 abuts against the convex portion 11b of the fixed member 11, the movable member 10 moves in the first direction (rightward in the figure) while the tension spring 13 is extended to maintain the contact between the convex portions 10b and 11b. Therefore, the movable member 10 is displaced relative to the fixed member 11 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction and in a direction approaching the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4.

[0097] Therefore, if Fig. 9 As shown, the movable short-circuit portion 9a releases Figure 7 The movable short-circuit portion 9b is released by contacting the fixed terminal electrode U1 and the fixed terminal electrodes U2 and U3. Figure 7The fixed terminal electrode U3 is in contact with the fixed terminal electrode U4 in the state. Therefore, the fixed terminal electrode U1 and the fixed terminal electrode U4 are respectively disconnected from one end of the U-phase second winding 8 and the other end of the U-phase first winding, and one end of the U-phase second winding 8 is electrically connected to the other end of the U-phase first winding 7 through the movable short-circuit portion 9a. As a result, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected in series.

[0098] like Fig. 9 As shown, in the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8, and in the parallel connection state ( Figure 7 ), the flat portion of the protrusion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11 also makes surface contact with the flat portion of the protrusion 10b of the movable member 10. As a result, the movable short-circuit portion 9a is pressed against the fixed terminal electrodes U2 and U3, and the movable short-circuit portion 9b is pressed against the fixed terminal electrode U4.

[0099] According to the pushing force generated by such a limiting portion, the movement of the movable member 10 in the first direction, that is, the movement of the movable short-circuit portions 9a and 9b is limited, so the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained. That is, the winding switching device 4 of the second embodiment can be said to have a fail-safe function.

[0100] In addition, the urging force of the tension spring 13 applies surface pressure to the contact surface between the flat portion of the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11 and the flat portion of the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10. Therefore, the surface contact between the flat portion of the convex portion 11b (limiting portion) of the fixed member 11 and the flat portion of the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10 can be reliably maintained.

[0101] Therefore, the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained as long as the external power F is not applied to the movable part 10. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is reliably maintained in cooperation with the above-mentioned limiting part.

[0102] Furthermore, when the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is switched from series connection to parallel connection, the state of the winding switching device 4 is opposite to the above case. Figure 6 , Figure 5 , Figure 4 The sequence of changes is different, but the action of the winding switching device 4 is the same as the above action.

[0103] As described above, according to the second embodiment, the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding is maintained by the pressing force of the limiting portion (convex portion 11b) provided by the fixing member 11. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost, the connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding can be maintained, so that the winding switching device 4 can have a fail-safe function.

[0104] Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, the contact state between the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 is maintained by the pushing force of the limiting part (convex part 11b). Therefore, even if the force of the tension spring 13 changes over the years, the impact is small. Since it is a force contact state, even if the tension spring 13 deteriorates, the contact state between the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 can be maintained. Therefore, the reliability of the winding switcher is improved.

[0105] Example 3

[0106] Next, use Figure 10 to Figure 12 , Example 3 of the present invention is described.

[0107] The structure of the winding switcher device of the third embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment. However, in the third embodiment, the movable member 10 is driven by the compression spring 14 in addition to being driven by the external power F.

[0108] The following mainly describes the differences from Embodiments 1 and 2, and the description of aspects common to Embodiments 1 and 2 is omitted.

[0109] Fig.10 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the third embodiment. Figure 11-12 (The same applies to Fig.10 In the embodiment, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected to each other. Figure 7 They are also connected in parallel via the winding switching device 4.

[0110] Furthermore, this Fig.10 The U-phase winding switching part ( Figure 11-12 The configurations of the V-phase winding switch unit and the W-phase winding switch unit are the same as the configuration of the U-phase winding switch unit.

[0111] like Fig.10 As shown, a compression spring 14 is connected between one of the two ends of the movable member 10 in the first direction on the fixed terminal electrode U1 side and a fixed portion of the winding switching device 4 , such as a support portion 20 such as a frame supporting the movable member 10 and the fixed member 11 .

[0112] The force of the compression spring 14 is applied to the movable member 10 ( Figure 11-12 In addition, the external force F is applied to the movable member 10 in the direction from the movable short-circuit portion 9b to the movable short-circuit portion 9a, that is, in the first direction and in the left direction in the figure. In this way, the direction of the force of the compression spring 14 and the direction of the external force F are opposite to each other.

[0113] Furthermore, in Fig.10 In the state, the force of the compression spring 14 is roughly balanced with the external force F, and the force of the compression spring 14 and the external force F are balanced with the friction between the convex portion 10b of the movable member 10 and the convex portion 11b of the fixed member 11. Therefore, the movable member 10 is in a stopped state.

[0114] Fig.11 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the third embodiment. Fig.11 The connection between the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 is changed from parallel connection ( Fig.10 )Switch to series connection ( Fig.12 ) is the state of the winding switching device 4 in the middle.

[0115] When Fig.10 When the external force F is reduced in the parallel connection state shown, the force of the compression spring becomes greater than the external force F, so the first direction, Fig.11 In the embodiment, a driving force is applied to the movable element 10 in the right direction, that is, in the direction from the movable short-circuit portion 9a to the movable short-circuit portion 9b. As a result, the movable element 10 slides in the direction of the driving force, as in the second embodiment.

[0116] Fig.12 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the main components of the winding switching device 4 in the third embodiment. Fig.12 In the embodiment, the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 are connected in series.

[0117] When Fig.11 When the driving force is continuously applied to the movable member 10, Fig.12 As shown, the end of the movable part 10 on the opposite side to the end connected with the compression spring 14 is in contact with the fixed part of the winding switching device 4, such as the support part 21 of the frame supporting the movable part 10 and the fixed part 11. At this time, the movable part 10 stops, and the connection between the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 is switched to a series connection. Furthermore, the movable part 10 is pushed against the support part 21 by the force of the compression spring 14, so even if the external power F is lost due to an abnormality of the operator, the series connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 will be maintained.

[0118] When Fig.12 When the external power F is increased in the series connection state shown in the figure, the first direction, Fig.12 In the figure, a driving force is applied to the movable element 10 in the left direction, that is, in the direction from the movable short-circuit portion 9b to the movable short-circuit portion 9a. As a result, the connection between the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 is switched from a series connection to a parallel connection.

[0119] Furthermore, in Figure 10 to Figure 12 In the winding switcher, the position on the movable member 10 where the compression spring 14 is connected and the position where the external power is applied can also be exchanged. At this time, in the parallel connection state, the end of the movable member 10 abuts against the support portion 20, and the movable member 10 is pushed against the support portion 20 by the force of the compression spring 14. Therefore, even if the external power F is lost, the parallel connection state of the U-phase first winding 7 and the U-phase second winding 8 will be maintained.

[0120] Alternatively, the direction of the external force F can be set to Figure 10 to Figure 12 The first direction is right, and the compression spring 14 is replaced by a tension spring and the direction of the spring force is set to Figure 10 to Figure 12 The first direction is the left.

[0121] Example 4

[0122] Fig.13 This is an overall structural diagram of a winding switching device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[0123] like Fig.13 As shown, in the present fourth embodiment, the U-phase winding switching unit 4u, the V-phase winding switching unit 4v, and the W-phase winding switching unit 4w are mechanically arranged in series. That is, the movable parts in each winding switching unit are mechanically connected in series. In addition, the operator 15 that drives the movable part is mechanically connected to the winding switching unit at one end of the serial arrangement of the winding switching units of the three phases, which is the movable part of the U-phase winding switching unit 4u in the present fourth embodiment. Therefore, in the present fourth embodiment, the U-phase winding switching unit 4u, the V-phase winding switching unit 4v, the W-phase winding switching unit 4w, and the operator 15 are mechanically arranged in series.

[0124] Furthermore, in the present embodiment 4, the winding switching unit of any one of the embodiments 1 to 3 is used as each winding switching unit. In addition, as the operator 15, for example, an electric operator equipped with a solenoid can be used (the same applies to the embodiments 5 and 6 described later). In this case, since an inexpensive operator is used, the cost of the winding switching device can be reduced.

[0125] According to the fourth embodiment, a winding switching device for a multi-phase winding (three-phase winding in the fourth embodiment) can be formed by a winding switching unit, i.e., a unit (one-phase) winding switch. In addition, since a plurality of winding switching units are arranged in series, movable parts of a plurality of winding switching units can be driven simultaneously by a single operator 15. Furthermore, since a plurality of winding switching units are arranged in series, the winding switching device can be arranged in a narrow and long space.

[0126] Example 5

[0127] Fig.14 This is an overall structural diagram of the winding switching device of Example 5 of the present invention.

[0128] like Fig.14 As shown, in the fifth embodiment, the U-phase winding switch 4u, the V-phase winding switch 4v, and the W-phase winding switch 4w are mechanically arranged in parallel. That is, the movable parts in each winding switch are mechanically connected in parallel. In addition, the operator 15 for driving the movable parts is mechanically connected to the movable parts of the three phases mechanically connected in parallel.

[0129] In addition, in the present fifth embodiment, the winding switcher of any one of the first to third embodiments is used as each winding switcher.

[0130] According to the fifth embodiment, a winding switching device for a multi-phase winding (three-phase winding in the fourth embodiment) can be formed by a winding switching unit, i.e., a unit (one-phase) winding switch. In addition, since a plurality of winding switching units are arranged in parallel, movable parts of a plurality of winding switching units can be driven simultaneously by a single operator 15. Furthermore, since a plurality of winding switching units are arranged in parallel, the winding switching device can be arranged in a space with a short length or a space with a wide width.

[0131] Example 6

[0132] Fig.15 This is an overall structural diagram of the winding switching device of Example 6 of the present invention.

[0133] In the sixth embodiment, the U-phase winding switch 4u, the V-phase winding switch 4v, and the W-phase winding switch 4w are mechanically arranged in parallel, but an independent operator 15 is mechanically connected to the movable part of each winding switch.

[0134] According to the sixth embodiment, each of the plurality of winding switching units can be operated independently.

[0135] Thus, in the motor 5 ( Figure 1) when one phase fails, the operation can be continued by the two phases that have not failed. In addition, by switching the connection of the windings phase by phase, the connection state of the windings can be switched while retaining the energized phase. Therefore, the motor 5 can also be driven and controlled by the inverter 2 when the windings are switched.

[0136] Example 7

[0137] In the winding switching device of the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the tension spring 13 (reference Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Fig.10 ) is replaced with a ring spring. By using a ring spring instead of the tension spring 13, the winding switching device can be made cylindrical, so that the fixed terminal electrode group composed of the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 can be made into a ring-shaped multi-point contact such as a so-called multi-ram band. In this case, the movable short-circuit parts 9a and 9b are also ring-shaped.

[0138] Here, the direction of gravity or external acceleration (centrifugal force, acceleration / deceleration, vibration, etc.) will change the force with which the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 are pressed against each other. In response to this, according to the seventh embodiment, by making the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 into a ring shape, the movable short-circuit parts 9a, 9b and the fixed terminal electrodes U1 to U4 are in contact with each other in all radial directions on the ring, so that the influence of gravity or external acceleration on the contact state can be alleviated.

[0139] Example 8

[0140] Fig.17 This is a circuit diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of a winding switching device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] In the present eighth embodiment, the winding switch sets the connection state of the three-phase winding of the motor 5 to either the Y-connection or the Δ-connection, and switches from one of the Y-connection and the Δ-connection to the other. In addition, in the present eighth embodiment, the series connection and the parallel connection of the unit phase windings in the above-mentioned embodiments are replaced by the Y-connection and the Δ-connection, respectively. That is, the efficiency of the inverter 2 is improved when the motor 5 is driven at a low speed by the Y-connection, and the efficiency of the inverter 2 is improved when the motor 5 is driven at a high speed by the Δ-connection.

[0142] like Fig.17 As shown, the winding switching device of this embodiment 8 is composed of switches SW1~SW6.

[0143] SW1 opens and closes the electrical connection between one end of the U-phase winding and the neutral point. SW2 opens and closes the electrical connection between one end of the V-phase winding and the neutral point. SW3 opens and closes the electrical connection between one end of the W-phase winding and the neutral point.

[0144] SW4 opens and closes the electrical connection between the other end of the U-phase winding electrically connected to the U-phase terminal and one end of the V-phase winding. SW5 opens and closes the electrical connection between the other end of the V-phase winding electrically connected to the V-phase terminal V and one end of the W-phase winding. SW6 opens and closes the electrical connection between the other end of the W-phase winding electrically connected to the W-phase terminal W and one end of the U-phase winding.

[0145] SW1 to SW3 are turned on and off in conjunction with each other. In addition, SW4 to SW6 are turned on and off in conjunction with each other.

[0146] When switches SW1 to SW3 are turned on and switches SW4 to SW6 are turned off, the connection state of the three-phase windings (U-phase winding, V-phase winding, W-phase winding) becomes a Y-shaped connection. In addition, when switches SW1 to SW3 are turned off and switches SW4 to SW6 are turned on, the connection state of the three-phase windings (U-phase winding, V-phase winding, W-phase winding) becomes a Δ-shaped connection.

[0147] Furthermore, although not shown in the figure, in this embodiment 8, the configuration of the movable short-circuit portion and the fixed terminal electrode, and the connection state of each phase winding and each phase terminal to the fixed terminal electrode are changed as appropriate in the embodiments described above to form SW1~6.

[0148] According to the eighth embodiment, on the one hand, the efficiency of the variable speed operation system including the motor 5 and the inverter 2 can be improved by switching the windings, and on the other hand, the structure of the winding switching device can be simplified.

[0149] Furthermore, in the present embodiment 8, the series connection and parallel connection of the unit phase windings in each phase winding are replaced with Y-shaped connection and Δ-shaped connection, respectively, but this is not limited to this. Each phase winding may also have two windings with different numbers of turns, and the one with a larger number of turns (the one with larger impedance, inductance, and resistance) replaces the series connection, and the one with a smaller number of turns (the one with smaller impedance, inductance, and resistance) replaces the parallel connection.

[0150] Furthermore, the present invention includes various modifications and is not limited to the above-described embodiments.

[0151] For example, the embodiments described above are detailed descriptions of the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and are not necessarily limited to all the configurations described. In addition, other configurations may be added, deleted, or replaced with a portion of the configurations of each embodiment.

[0152] For example, the motor 5 may be a coil-excitation synchronous motor or an induction motor. In addition, the operator 15 is not limited to an electric operator, and may be a hydraulic operator or the like.

[0153] Furthermore, the winding switching device in each of the above-mentioned embodiments is not limited to being used in a variable speed operation system for EV driving, but can also be used in a rotating electrical machine driving system in an electric rail vehicle or the like.

[0154] Furthermore, the winding switch of the present invention is not limited to being used in rotating electrical machines, but can also be used in various actuators, induction heating devices, and other electrical equipment equipped with multiple windings.

[0155] Explanation of symbols

[0156] 1…power supply, 2…inverter, 3…switching control device, 4…winding switching device, 4u…U-phase winding switching part, 4v…V-phase winding switching part, 4w…W-phase winding switching part, 5…motor, 6…load device, 7…U-phase first winding, 8…U-phase second winding, 9a, 9b…movable short-circuit part, 10…movable part, 10a…recessed part, 10b…convex part, 11…fixed part, 11b…convex part (limiting part), 12…fixed conductor part, 13…tension spring, 14…compression spring, 15…operator, 20, 21…support part, N…neutral point, U…U-phase terminal, U1, U2, U3, U4…fixed terminal electrode.

Claims

1. A winding switching device, which switches the connection state of multiple windings, characterized in that: have: a plurality of electrodes connected to the plurality of windings; a movable portion having a plurality of conductor portions contacting the plurality of electrodes and being driven along a predetermined direction in which the plurality of electrodes are arranged; and a fixing portion having a limiting portion for limiting the movement of the movable portion in the prescribed direction, switching the connection state of the plurality of windings according to the position of the movable part, When the movable portion moves in the prescribed direction, the plurality of conductors are caused to move away from the plurality of electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the prescribed direction by the restricting portion.

2. The winding switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The restriction portion restricts movement of the movable portion in the predetermined direction when the conductor portion is in contact with the electrode.

3. The winding switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable part is driven by an external power.

4. The winding switching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Furthermore, a spring for urging the movable portion is provided.

5. The winding switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The direction of the acting force of the spring and the direction of the external power are opposite to each other.

6. The winding switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external power for driving the movable part is applied by an operator having a solenoid.

7. The winding switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of windings are a plurality of phase windings provided to the rotating electrical machine.

8. A winding switching device comprising a plurality of winding switching units for switching connection states of a plurality of windings, characterized in that: The winding has a plurality of unit windings, The winding switching unit switches the connection state of the plurality of unit windings. The winding switching unit comprises: a plurality of electrodes to which the plurality of unit windings are connected; a movable portion having a plurality of conductor portions contacting the plurality of electrodes and being driven along a predetermined direction in which the plurality of electrodes are arranged; and a fixing portion having a limiting portion for limiting the movement of the movable portion in the prescribed direction, switching the connection states of the plurality of unit windings according to the position of the movable part, When the movable portion moves in the prescribed direction, the plurality of conductors are caused to move away from the plurality of electrodes in a direction perpendicular to the prescribed direction by the restricting portion.

9. The winding switching device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of winding switching parts are mechanically connected in series.

10. The winding switching device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of winding switching parts are mechanically connected in parallel.

11. The winding switching device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Power for driving the movable part is applied to each of the plurality of winding switching parts.

12. The winding switching device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The plurality of windings are a plurality of phase windings provided to the rotating electrical machine.

13. A rotating electrical machine driving system, comprising a rotating electrical machine, characterized in that: have: an inverter that outputs AC power to the rotating electric machine; and a winding switching device connected between the rotating electrical machine and the inverter, The winding switching device is the winding switching device according to claim 1 or 8.

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