An integrated boiler for waste alkali liquor incineration and waste heat recovery

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated boiler for incineration of waste alkali liquid and waste heat recovery, comprising: a furnace, a flue and a steam drum; a flame vent is arranged at the top of the furnace; a refractory reflux cooling device is arranged at the flame vent at the top of the furnace; the refractory ring is located in the flame vent and is formed by circumferential splicing of a plurality of refractory blocks; the lower section of the annular refractory ring extends into the bottom of the flame vent and seals and covers the water-cooled wall around the flame vent; the annular refractory ring is fixed to the water-cooled wall at the top of the furnace through a mounting seat arranged circumferentially on its periphery; a reflux cooling space is arranged in the annular refractory ring; the reflux cooling space is connected to the inner cavity of a reflux hood covering the top of the annular refractory ring; a burner is fixed on the reflux hood; the nozzle of the burner passes through the reflux hood and extends downward into the central through hole of the annular refractory ring; an air inlet is also arranged on the reflux hood. The reflux cooling device is easy to transport and install, and can better protect the water-cooled wall at the flame vent so that it is not easily damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of treatment of waste alkali liquor containing organic matter, in particular to a boiler for incinerating waste alkali liquor. Background Art

[0002] In the petrochemical industry, sodium hydroxide solution is often used to absorb hydrogen sulfide, alkali-washed oil and cracking gas to produce waste alkali liquid containing a large amount of pollutants. The waste alkali liquid contains a large amount of toxic and harmful sulfur-containing and ammonia-nitrogen-containing organic pollutants. The waste alkali liquid needs to be sent to the waste alkali liquid incineration device for environmental protection treatment. The principle of waste alkali liquid incineration environmental protection treatment is: the organic matter in the waste alkali liquid is oxidized under high temperature conditions of 600-1100 degrees Celsius, and C, H, S and ammonia nitrogen compounds in the waste alkali liquid participate in combustion and release heat, thereby removing the organic matter in the waste alkali liquid. The waste alkali liquid incineration device generally includes: an adiabatic incinerator and a waste heat boiler. After atomization, the waste alkali liquid enters the adiabatic incinerator for high-temperature incineration, and the incineration flue gas enters the waste heat boiler for waste heat utilization. When incinerating waste alkali liquid, the furnace temperature of the adiabatic incinerator is usually 1100℃, and the residence time of the flue gas in the furnace is about 2 seconds, so as to ensure the complete incineration of organic matter in the waste alkali liquid as much as possible.

[0003] In the Chinese patent with patent number ZL202022542490.1, a boiler for incinerating waste alkali liquid is disclosed, including: a vertically arranged furnace, a flue and a steam drum; the furnace is arranged vertically, and the furnace walls are respectively a furnace water-cooled wall and a refractory material layer from the outside to the inside, and a burner is arranged on the top of the furnace, and the burner nozzle extends into the furnace; the flue includes: a vertically arranged first flue, a second flue, a third flue, and a fourth flue, the lower end of the furnace and the lower end of the first flue are connected through a transition flue, and a slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the transition flue, and the upper section of the first flue, the second flue, and the third flue are all water-cooled wall structures, and the side walls of the transition flue wall and the lower section of the first flue are respectively water-cooled walls and refractory material layers from the outside to the inside. In this field, the opening provided on the top wall of the furnace for the burner nozzle to extend into the furnace is called a flame vent.

[0004] In the above-mentioned boiler for incinerating waste alkali liquid, a hood is usually provided on the flame outlet at the top of the furnace to cover the flame outlet housing, which is called a reflow hood in the industry. The lower end of the reflow hood is opened so that the inner cavity of the reflow hood is connected with the inner cavity of the furnace through the flame outlet. Several nozzles of the burner all pass downward through the inner cavity of the reflow hood and then extend into the flame outlet at the top of the furnace. An air inlet is also provided on the reflow hood. The combustion-supporting air enters the reflow hood through the air inlet and then enters the furnace through the flame outlet. The combustion-supporting air cooperates with the fuel sprayed from the burner to fully incinerate the atomized waste alkali liquid to form high-temperature flue gas, which is discharged from the flue outlet. Usually, the combustion center of the flame sprayed from the burner is located below the flame outlet. Due to the heat radiation during the incineration of the waste alkali liquid, the temperature at the flame outlet is the highest temperature of the entire furnace wall. At present, the structure of the furnace wall at the crater is also composed of a water-cooled wall and a refractory layer from the outside to the inside. The crater of the above structure has the following disadvantages: on the one hand, in order to make the water-cooled wall at the crater not easily damaged, a thicker refractory layer needs to be set at the crater, which greatly increases the difficulty and workload of on-site installation and construction; on the other hand, the service life of the crater of this structure is still short, thus affecting the service life of the entire boiler. In addition, although the Chinese patent ZL202022542490.1 discloses that the bottom wall of the transition flue is gradually inclined from top to bottom toward the furnace, so that the high-temperature molten material at the bottom of the transition flue can be quickly discharged from the slag outlet, the high-temperature molten material produced after the incineration of the waste alkali liquid can only be discharged in liquid form at a temperature above 950 degrees Celsius, and the high-temperature molten material sometimes becomes solid due to the low temperature in the transition flue, and in severe cases, it will block the slag outlet, affecting the normal operation of the boiler used to incinerate the waste alkali liquid. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery integrated boiler that can better protect the water-cooled wall at the blast hole and make it less likely to be damaged. A further purpose of the present invention is to provide a waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery integrated boiler that can timely clear the slag outlet to prevent it from being blocked.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery integrated boiler, comprising: a furnace, a flue and a steam drum; the steam drum is located above the furnace and the flue, the furnace is vertically arranged, and a flame outlet is arranged at the top of the furnace; the flue is vertically arranged, and an evaporator, a superheater and an economizer are arranged in the flue, the lower end of the furnace and the flue inlet are connected through a transition flue, the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue is gradually inclined from top to bottom from the flue to the furnace, and a slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the transition flue; the furnace, the transition flue and the flue inlet are all water-cooled wall structures, and the furnace wall, the transition flue wall and the side walls of the flue inlet are respectively water-cooled walls and refractory material layers from the outside to the inside; a refractory reflux cooling device is arranged at the flame outlet at the top of the furnace; the refractory reflux cooling device comprises: an annular refractory ring located in the flame outlet, the lower section of the annular refractory ring extends into the bottom of the flame outlet, and the water-cooled wall around the flame outlet is sealed and covers The annular refractory ring is fixed on the water-cooled wall at the top of the furnace through a mounting seat arranged circumferentially on its periphery, a reflux cooling space is arranged in the annular refractory ring, the reflux cooling space is communicated with the inner cavity of the reflux hood covering the annular refractory ring, the burner is fixed on the reflux hood, the nozzle of the burner passes through the reflux hood and extends downward into the central through hole of the annular refractory ring, and an air inlet is also arranged on the reflux hood; the annular refractory ring comprises: a plurality of refractory blocks made of refractory material which can be circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, the lower section of each refractory block extends into the bottom of the blazing port, and the lower section of each refractory block covers the corresponding water-cooled wall at the blazing port, a refractory mounting seat is arranged on the outer wall of each refractory block, each refractory mounting seat is fixed to the circumferential sealing plate on its outer side, and a reflux cooling space is formed between the refractory block and the circumferential sealing plate, and each refractory mounting seat is connected to the mounting seat on the periphery of the annular refractory ring.

[0007] Further, according to the aforementioned integrated boiler for incineration of waste alkali liquid and recovery of waste heat, wherein: each refractory block constituting the annular refractory ring includes: an upper inclined section and a lower abutting section, the upper inclined section is gradually inclined from bottom to top toward the center of the annular refractory ring, so that the diameter of the central through hole of the annular refractory ring gradually increases from top to bottom; the refractory mounting seat includes: a fixed plate fixedly attached to the outer wall of the refractory block, the top of the fixed plate is provided with a horizontal top plate extending outward, a plurality of air holes are provided on the horizontal top plate, the horizontal top plates in the annular refractory ring can be circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, and a vertical support plate is also provided between the horizontal top plate and the fixed plate; after the refractory blocks are circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, the outer walls of the vertical support plates are sealed and connected with the circumferential sealing plate, so that a plurality of independent reflux cooling spaces are formed between the circumferential sealing plate and the refractory blocks, and the inner cavity of the reflux hood is connected with the reflux cooling spaces through the air holes on the horizontal top plate.

[0008] Further, according to the aforementioned integrated boiler for waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery, wherein: the mounting seat includes: an annular mounting ring fixed on the water-cooled wall of the furnace at the periphery of the flamethrower and a horizontally placed circumferential connecting plate fixed on the top of the annular mounting ring; the outer end of the horizontal top plate of each refractory mounting seat is sealedly connected to the circumferential connecting plate, and the annular mounting ring is located at the periphery of the circumferential sealing plate.

[0009] Further, according to the aforementioned integrated boiler for waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery, the outer ends of the horizontal top plates extending out of the circumferential sealing plate are fixed above the circumferential connecting plate.

[0010] Further, according to the aforementioned integrated boiler for incineration of waste alkali liquid and waste heat recovery, wherein: a slag discharge seat is provided on the slag discharge port, a T-shaped slag discharge flow channel is provided in the slag discharge seat, the transverse flow channel and the vertical flow channel of the slag discharge flow channel are connected to each other, the vertical flow channel is located on the outside of the transverse flow channel, the transverse flow channel gradually tilts downward from the inside to the outside, and the inlet on the inner side of the transverse flow channel is sealed and connected to the slag discharge port, and the bottom outlet of the vertical flow channel is connected to the slag discharge port of the slag discharge seat; a slag discharge burner is provided on the top of the slag discharge seat, and the nozzle of the slag discharge burner extends downward into the vertical flow channel, and a transverse through hole connected to the vertical flow channel is also provided on the outer wall of the slag discharge seat, the inner end of the crushing rod provided on the piston rod of the hydraulic push rod device extends into the transverse through hole and is sealed and fitted with the transverse through hole, and when the piston rod of the hydraulic push rod device is extended, the crushing rod can pass through the vertical flow channel and the transverse flow channel, and finally enter the slag discharge port.

[0011] Furthermore, according to the aforementioned integrated boiler for waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery, the angle between the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue and the horizontal plane is in the range of 10°-15°.

[0012] Furthermore, according to the aforementioned integrated boiler for waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery, a flow channel which is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom and has an isosceles triangle cross-section is provided on the inner wall of the refractory material layer in the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue.

[0013] Further, according to the aforementioned integrated boiler for waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery, wherein: the angle between each waist of the flow channel with an isosceles triangle cross-section and the horizontal plane ranges from 10° to 15°.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The annular refractory ring is provided with a reflux cooling space connected to the inner cavity of the reflux hood, so that the combustion-supporting air can enter the reflux cooling space after entering the reflux hood to air-cool the refractory blocks, so that the refractory blocks can well protect the water-cooled wall at the flame-spouting port without increasing the thickness so that it is not easily damaged. 2. The annular refractory ring composed of a number of refractory blocks made of refractory materials that can be spliced ​​circumferentially is easy to transport, and greatly reduces the difficulty and workload of on-site installation and construction of the flame-spouting port. 3. The combustion-supporting air entering the reflux cooling space air-cools each refractory block and then returns to the reflux hood, and then enters the furnace through the central through hole. On the one hand, this can reduce the temperature of the refractory blocks, thereby increasing the service life of the annular refractory ring. On the other hand, due to the high temperature of the combustion-supporting air entering the furnace, the atomized waste alkali liquid can be more fully incinerated. Fourth, the utility model has the further advantage that the device for discharging the solidified high-temperature molten material, which is composed of a slag discharge seat, a slag discharge burner, and a hydraulic push rod device with a pounding rod on the piston rod, is arranged at the slag discharge port, which can timely clear the slag discharge port to prevent it from being blocked, thereby allowing the boiler to operate normally. Fifth, the refractory reflux cooling device cooperates with the above-mentioned device for discharging the solidified high-temperature molten material to protect the furnace and the transition flue, and extend the service life of the entire boiler. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery integrated boiler according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the refractory ring;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the refractory block and the refractory mounting seat;

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part B;

[0020] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a hydraulic push rod device and a slag discharge seat;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the refractory material layer in the transition flue. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, a waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery integrated boiler comprises: a furnace 1, a flue 2 and a steam drum 3; the steam drum 3 is located above the furnace 1 and the flue 2, the furnace 1 is vertically arranged, and a flame nozzle 11 is arranged on the top of the furnace 1; the flue 2 is vertically arranged. In this embodiment, the flue 2 comprises: a first flue 201, a second flue 202, a third flue 203, and a fourth flue 204 which are vertically arranged and connected in sequence, an evaporator 21 and a superheater 22 are arranged in the third flue 203, and an economizer 23 is arranged in the fourth flue 204. The lower end of the furnace 1 and the first flue 20 The flue inlet 25 at the starting end of the furnace 1 is connected through the transition flue 4, the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue 4 is gradually inclined from the flue inlet 25 to the furnace 1 from top to bottom, and a slag outlet 41 is provided at the bottom of the transition flue 4; the furnace 1, the transition flue 4 and the flue inlet 25 are all water-cooled wall structures, and the furnace wall, the transition flue wall and the side wall of the flue inlet 25 are respectively water-cooled walls and refractory material layers from outside to inside; a refractory reflux cooling device is provided at the flame vent 11 at the top of the furnace 1; the refractory reflux cooling device includes: a ring-shaped refractory ring 5 provided in the flame vent, The lower section of the annular refractory ring 5 extends into the bottom of the blast hole 11 and seals the water-cooled wall around the blast hole 11. The annular refractory ring 5 is fixed to the water-cooled wall at the top of the furnace 1 through a mounting seat 57 arranged circumferentially on its periphery. A refractory cooling space 51 is arranged in the annular refractory ring 5. The refractory cooling space 51 is connected to the inner cavity of the reflux hood 6 covering the top of the annular refractory ring 5. The burner 71 is fixed on the reflux hood 6. The nozzle 711 of the burner 71 passes through the reflux hood 6 and extends downward into the central through hole 58 of the annular refractory ring 5. An air inlet is also arranged on the side wall of the reflux hood 6. 61; the annular refractory ring 5 comprises: a plurality of refractory blocks 52 made of refractory material which can be circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, the lower section of each refractory block 52 extends into the bottom of the blazing port 11, and the lower section of each refractory block 52 covers the corresponding water-cooled wall at the blazing port 11, a refractory mounting seat 53 is arranged on the outer wall of each refractory block 52, each refractory mounting seat 53 is fixed to the circumferential sealing plate 54 on the outer side thereof, and a reflux cooling space 51 is formed between the refractory block 52 and the circumferential sealing plate 54, and each refractory mounting seat 53 is connected to the mounting seat 57 on the outer periphery of the annular refractory ring 5. In this embodiment, a reflow cooling space 51 connected to the inner cavity of the reflow hood 6 is provided in the annular refractory ring 5, so that a part of the combustion-supporting air entering the reflow hood 6 can enter the reflow cooling space 51 to air-cool the refractory blocks 52, so that the refractory blocks 52 can well protect the water-cooled wall at the crater without specially increasing the thickness, making it difficult to be damaged. The annular refractory ring 5 composed of a plurality of refractory blocks 52 made of refractory material that can be spliced ​​circumferentially is also easy to transport, and greatly reduces the difficulty and workload of on-site installation and construction of the crater.

[0024] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, each refractory block 52 constituting the annular refractory ring 5 includes: an upper inclined section 521 and a lower abutting section 522, and the upper inclined section 521 is gradually inclined from bottom to top toward the center of the annular refractory ring 5, so that the diameter of the central through hole 58 of the annular refractory ring 5 gradually increases from top to bottom, so that after the combustion-supporting air enters the furnace through the central through hole 58 of the annular refractory ring 5, it is distributed more evenly in the furnace, so that the atomized waste alkali liquid can be fully incinerated; the refractory mounting seat 53 includes: a fixing plate 53 fixedly attached to the outer wall of the refractory block 52 1. A horizontal top plate 532 extending outward is arranged on the top of the fixed plate 531, and a plurality of air holes 534 are arranged on the horizontal top plate 532. The horizontal top plates 532 in the annular refractory ring 5 can be circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, and a vertical support plate 533 is also arranged between the horizontal top plate 532 and the fixed plate 531; after the refractory blocks 52 are circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, the outer walls of the vertical support plates 533 are sealed and connected with the circumferential sealing plate 54, so that a plurality of independent reflux cooling spaces 51 are formed between the circumferential sealing plate 54 and the refractory blocks 52. In actual production, the circumferential sealing plate 54 can also be formed by sealing and splicing a plurality of steel plates. The purpose of setting a plurality of independent reflux cooling spaces 51 between the circumferential sealing plate 54 and each refractory block 52 is that when the burner is working, the temperature inside the annular refractory ring 5 is relatively high, the combustion-supporting air enters the reflux hood 6 through the air inlet 61, part of the air enters the furnace 1 through the central through hole 58, and part of the air enters the reflux cooling space 51 through the air vent 534. The air entering the reflux cooling space 51 air-cools each refractory block 52 and then returns to the reflux hood 6 through the air vent 534, and then enters the furnace 1 through the central through hole 58. On the one hand, this can reduce the temperature of the refractory blocks 52 and the refractory mounting seat 53, thereby increasing the service life of the annular refractory ring 5. On the other hand, since the temperature of the combustion-supporting air entering the furnace 1 is relatively high, the atomized waste alkali liquid can be more fully incinerated.

[0025] In this embodiment, two adjacent horizontal top plates 532 are seal-welded to a vertical connecting plate 535. After being assembled into two semicircular refractory rings, the two semicircular refractory rings are threadedly seal-connected to form an annular refractory ring 5. The circumferentially spliced ​​horizontal top plates 532 also enable the annular refractory ring 5 to be stably fixed on the mounting seat 57.

[0026] like Figure 2As shown, the mounting seat 57 comprises: an annular mounting ring 571 fixed on the water-cooled wall of the furnace at the periphery of the blast port 11 and a horizontally placed circumferential connecting plate 572 fixed on the top of the annular mounting ring 571; the outer end of the horizontal top plate 532 of each refractory mounting seat is sealedly connected to the circumferential connecting plate 572, and the annular mounting ring 571 is located at the periphery of the circumferential sealing plate 54. In this embodiment, the outer end of each horizontal top plate 532 extending out of the circumferential sealing plate 54 is fixed above the circumferential connecting plate 572, so that the annular refractory ring 5 is stably fixed on the water-cooled wall at the periphery of the blast port 11 at the top of the furnace 1 through the mounting seat 57.

[0027] like Figure 5 As shown in Figure 6: a slag outlet 41 is provided with a slag outlet seat 42, a T-shaped slag outlet flow channel is provided in the slag outlet seat 42, a transverse flow channel 421 and a vertical flow channel 422 of the slag outlet flow channel are connected to each other, the vertical flow channel 422 is located on the outside of the transverse flow channel 421, the transverse flow channel 421 gradually tilts downward from the inside to the outside, and the inlet on the inside of the transverse flow channel 421 is sealed and connected to the slag outlet 41, and the bottom outlet of the vertical flow channel 422 is connected to the slag outlet 423 of the slag outlet seat 42; the top of the slag outlet seat 42 is provided with a A slag discharge burner 45 is provided, and the nozzle of the slag discharge burner 45 extends downward into the vertical flow channel 422. A transverse through hole connected to the vertical flow channel 422 is also provided on the outer wall of the slag discharge seat 42. The inner end of the crushing rod 47 provided on the piston rod 461 of the hydraulic push rod device 46 extends into the transverse through hole and is sealed with the transverse through hole. When the piston rod 461 of the hydraulic push rod device 46 is extended, the crushing rod 47 can pass through the vertical flow channel 422 and the transverse flow channel 421 and then enter the slag discharge port 41. When the boiler is running, slag will be discharged regularly. If the slag outlet 41 is found to be blocked, the hydraulic push rod device 46 is started to make the crushing rod 47 extend into the slag outlet 41 to break the solidified high-temperature melt. The broken high-temperature melt gradually enters the vertical flow channel 422 through the horizontal flow channel 421. At the same time, the slag discharge burner 45 is started to convert the solid high-temperature melt into liquid and then discharge it from the slag outlet 423, so that the boiler can operate normally. In this embodiment, the hydraulic push rod device 46 is an oil cylinder.

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, in order to facilitate the discharge of high-temperature molten materials, the angle α between the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue 4 and the horizontal plane is in the range of 10°-15°. In this embodiment, in order to further facilitate the smooth discharge of high-temperature molten materials, a flow channel 48 with a wide top and narrow bottom and an isosceles triangle cross section is provided on the inner wall of the refractory material layer in the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue 4, and the angle β between each waist of the flow channel 48 and the horizontal plane is in the range of 10°-15°.

[0029] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1. A reflux cooling space 51 connected to the inner cavity of the reflux hood 6 is provided in the annular refractory ring 5, so that the combustion-supporting air can enter the reflux cooling space 51 after entering the reflux hood 6 to air-cool the refractory blocks 52, so that the refractory blocks 52 can well protect the water-cooled wall at the crater without increasing the thickness, so that it is not easy to be damaged. 2. The annular refractory ring 5 composed of a plurality of refractory blocks 52 made of refractory materials that can be spliced ​​circumferentially is easy to transport, and greatly reduces the difficulty and workload of on-site installation and construction of the crater. 3. The combustion-supporting air entering the reflux cooling space 51 air-cools each refractory block 52 and then returns to the reflux hood 6, and then enters the furnace 1 through the central through hole 58. In this way, on the one hand, the temperature of the refractory blocks 52 can be reduced, thereby increasing the service life of the annular refractory ring 5, and on the other hand, due to the high temperature of the combustion-supporting air entering the furnace 1, the atomized waste alkali liquid can be more fully incinerated. Fourth, the utility model has the further advantage that the device for discharging the solidified high-temperature molten material, which is composed of a slag discharge seat 42, a slag discharge burner 45, and a hydraulic push rod device 46 with a pounding rod 47 on the piston rod, is arranged at the slag discharge port 41, which can timely clear the slag discharge port 41 to prevent it from being blocked, thereby allowing the boiler to operate normally. Fifth, the refractory reflux cooling device cooperates with the above-mentioned device for discharging the solidified high-temperature molten material to protect the furnace 1 and the transition flue 4, and extend the service life of the entire boiler.

Claims

1. A waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery integrated boiler, comprising: Furnace, flue and steam drum; the steam drum is located above the furnace and the flue, the furnace is arranged vertically, and a flame vent is arranged on the top of the furnace; the flue is arranged vertically, and an evaporator, a superheater and an economizer are arranged in the flue, the lower end of the furnace and the flue inlet are connected through a transition flue, the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue is gradually inclined from top to bottom from the flue to the furnace, and a slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the transition flue; the furnace, the transition flue and the flue inlet are all water-cooled wall structures, and the furnace wall, the transition flue wall and the side walls of the flue inlet are respectively water-cooled walls and refractory material layers from the outside to the inside; it is characterized in that: a refractory reflux cooling device is arranged at the flame vent on the top of the furnace; the refractory reflux cooling device comprises: an annular refractory ring located in the flame vent, the lower section of the annular refractory ring extends into the bottom of the flame vent and seals and covers the water-cooled wall around the flame vent, the annular refractory ring It is fixed to the water-cooled wall at the top of the furnace through the mounting seats arranged circumferentially on its periphery, a reflux cooling space is arranged in the annular refractory ring, the reflux cooling space is connected to the inner cavity of the reflux hood covering the top of the annular refractory ring, the burner is fixed on the reflux hood, the nozzle of the burner passes through the reflux hood and extends downward into the central through hole of the annular refractory ring, and an air inlet is also arranged on the reflux hood; the annular refractory ring comprises: a plurality of refractory blocks made of refractory material which can be circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, the lower section of each refractory block extends into the bottom of the fire-spouting port and the lower section of each refractory block covers the corresponding water-cooled wall at the fire-spouting port, a refractory mounting seat is arranged on the outer wall of each refractory block, each refractory mounting seat is fixed to the circumferential sealing plate on its outer side and a reflux cooling space is formed between the refractory block and the circumferential sealing plate, and each refractory mounting seat is connected to the mounting seat on the periphery of the annular refractory ring.

2. The integrated boiler for waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each refractory block constituting the annular refractory ring comprises: an upper inclined section and a lower abutting section, the upper inclined section is gradually inclined from bottom to top toward the center of the annular refractory ring, so that the diameter of the central through hole of the annular refractory ring gradually increases from top to bottom; the refractory mounting seat comprises: a fixed plate fixedly attached to the outer wall of the refractory block, the top of the fixed plate is provided with a horizontal top plate extending outward, a plurality of air holes are provided on the horizontal top plate, the horizontal top plates in the annular refractory ring can be circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, and a vertical support plate is also provided between the horizontal top plate and the fixed plate; after the refractory blocks are circumferentially spliced ​​with each other, the outer walls of the vertical support plates are sealed and connected with the circumferential sealing plate, so that a plurality of independent reflux cooling spaces are formed between the circumferential sealing plate and the refractory blocks, and the inner cavity of the reflux hood is connected with the reflux cooling spaces through the air holes on the horizontal top plate.

3. The integrated boiler for waste alkali liquor incineration and waste heat recovery according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Mount includes: An annular mounting ring fixed on the water-cooled wall of the furnace at the periphery of the blast port and a horizontally placed circumferential connecting plate fixed on the top of the annular mounting ring; The outer end of the horizontal top plate of each refractory mounting seat is sealed and connected to the circumferential connecting plate, and the annular mounting ring is located on the periphery of the circumferential sealing plate.

4. The integrated boiler for waste alkali liquor incineration and waste heat recovery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The outer ends of the horizontal top plates extending out of the circumferential sealing plate are fixed above the circumferential connecting plate.

5. A waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery integrated boiler according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: A slag discharge seat is provided on the slag discharge port, a T-shaped slag discharge channel is provided in the slag discharge seat, the transverse channel and the vertical channel of the slag discharge channel are connected with each other, the vertical channel is located on the outside of the transverse channel, the transverse channel gradually tilts downward from the inside to the outside, and the inlet on the inner side of the transverse channel is sealed and connected with the slag discharge port, and the bottom outlet of the vertical channel is connected with the slag discharge port of the slag discharge seat; a slag discharge burner is provided on the top of the slag discharge seat, and the nozzle of the slag discharge burner extends downward into the vertical channel, and a transverse through hole connected with the vertical channel is also provided on the outer side wall of the slag discharge seat, the inner end of the pounding rod provided on the piston rod of the hydraulic push rod device extends into the transverse through hole and is sealed and fitted with the transverse through hole, and when the piston rod of the hydraulic push rod device is extended, the pounding rod can pass through the vertical channel and the transverse channel and finally enter the slag discharge port.

6. A waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery integrated boiler according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: The angle between the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue and the horizontal plane ranges from 10° to 15°.

7. The integrated boiler for waste alkali liquid incineration and waste heat recovery according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A flow channel with an isosceles triangle cross section that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom is arranged on the inner wall of the refractory material layer in the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the transition flue.

8. The integrated boiler for waste alkali liquor incineration and waste heat recovery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The angle between each waist of the flow channel with an isosceles triangle cross section and the horizontal plane is in the range of 10°-15°.

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