Refrigeration structure, photovoltaic module and preparation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a refrigeration structure, a photovoltaic module and a preparation method. The refrigeration structure is applied to a photovoltaic module, and comprises: a reflective layer that transmits light with a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 1.1 μm, wherein the reflective layer comprises a first metal oxide layer, a metal nanoparticle layer and a second metal oxide layer that are stacked, and the metal nanoparticle layer is arranged between the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer; the reflective layer can be arranged on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate of the photovoltaic module and the upper surface of the cell sheet of the photovoltaic module. The refrigeration structure can effectively reflect light that does not participate in photoelectric conversion, reduce the generation of waste heat of the photovoltaic module, and effectively improve the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a refrigeration structure, a photovoltaic component and a preparation method. Background Art

[0002] In the photovoltaic conversion process of photovoltaic modules, light energy that cannot be used by photovoltaic modules, especially light in a specific band (such as light with a wavelength above 1.1μm), can hardly be used by photovoltaic modules. These lights will be converted into heat in the photovoltaic modules, causing the temperature of the photovoltaic modules to rise. Therefore, in order to avoid the impact of temperature rise on the performance and service life of photovoltaic modules, it is necessary to dissipate heat for photovoltaic modules.

[0003] At present, the heat dissipation method of photovoltaic modules is mainly to absorb heat through the heat-conducting material such as metal plate set on the back plate of the photovoltaic module, and dissipate heat by means of the temperature difference between the heat-conducting material and the environment to achieve the cooling of the photovoltaic module. The existing cooling method of photovoltaic modules still inevitably allows light of various bands to enter the photovoltaic module, causing the photovoltaic module to heat up, resulting in poor cooling effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a refrigeration structure, a photovoltaic module and a preparation method, wherein the refrigeration structure can effectively reflect light that does not participate in photoelectric conversion, reduce the generation of waste heat of the photovoltaic module, and effectively improve the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a refrigeration structure applied to a photovoltaic module, comprising: a reflective layer transmitting light with a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 1.1 μm, wherein:

[0007] The reflective layer includes a first metal oxide layer, a metal nanoparticle layer and a second metal oxide layer which are stacked, and the metal nanoparticle layer is arranged between the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer;

[0008] The reflective layer may be disposed on any plane between the upper surface of the photovoltaic component and the upper surface of the cell of the photovoltaic component.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a cover plate, a battery cell, a packaging layer, a back plate, and a refrigeration structure provided by the embodiment of the first aspect, wherein:

[0010] The reflective layer included in the refrigeration structure is arranged on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate and the upper surface of the battery cell;

[0011] The packaging layer is used to package the battery unit formed by the battery sheet between the cover plate and the back plate.

[0012] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a refrigeration structure, comprising:

[0013] Screening out the types of nanoparticles required for preparing the metal nanoparticle layer included in the reflective layer, and the metal oxides required for preparing the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer included in the reflective layer;

[0014] Determine the thickness of the first metal oxide layer, the second metal oxide layer and the metal nanoparticle layer by simulation;

[0015] Based on the determined types of the metal oxide and the nanoparticles, a reflective layer included in the refrigeration structure is prepared on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate and the upper surface of the battery cell.

[0016] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, including: a method for preparing a refrigeration structure provided in an embodiment of the third aspect.

[0017] The technical solution of the first aspect of the above invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0018] The refrigeration structure applied to the photovoltaic module provided by the present invention includes a reflective layer with a transmission wavelength of 0.3μm to 1.1μm light, which can allow the 0.3μm to 1.1μm light participating in the photoelectric conversion of the photovoltaic module to pass through, that is, it will not affect the photoelectric performance of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, the metal nanoparticle layer in the reflective layer can effectively reflect the light in the band above 1.1μm in the sunlight. Through the arrangement of the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer in the reflective layer, on the one hand, the metal nanoparticle layer can be protected, and on the other hand, the reflectivity of the light in the band above 1.1μm can be further improved. Therefore, by arranging the reflective layer on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate of the photovoltaic module and the upper surface of the battery cell of the photovoltaic module, the light (light in the band above 1.1μm) not participating in the photoelectric conversion can be reflected to the external environment before entering the battery cell, effectively reducing the generation of waste heat of the photovoltaic module, so as to improve the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a refrigeration structure provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a first photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a second photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a third photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a fourth photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a fifth photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another refrigeration structure provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a sixth photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a seventh photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an eighth photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.11 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a ninth photovoltaic module provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.12 is a wavelength-reflectivity curve diagram of different metal oxides provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.13 is a wavelength-transmittance curve diagram of different metal oxides provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.14 is a schematic diagram of the refractive index of the PC material in the 0.3-20 μm band provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.15 It is a schematic diagram of the extinction coefficient of the PC material provided in the 0.3-20 μm band according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.16 is a schematic diagram of the spectral emissivity of a photovoltaic module and a PC film provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.17 is a schematic diagram of the main process of a method for preparing a refrigeration structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the light transmittance curve of the refrigeration structure obtained according to Example 1 applied to the photovoltaic module and the existing photovoltaic module;

[0037] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the reflectivity curve of the refrigeration structure obtained according to Example 1 applied to the photovoltaic module and the existing photovoltaic module.

[0038] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0039] 10-refrigeration structure; 11-reflection layer; 111-first metal oxide layer; 112-metal nanoparticle layer;

[0040] 113 - second metal oxide layer; 12 - emission layer; 20 - photovoltaic module; 21 - cover plate; 22 - battery cell;

[0041] 23- packaging layer; 24- backplane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In the photovoltaic assembly involved in the embodiment of the present invention, one structure is arranged on another structure, which generally means that one structure is located above or below another structure, and the one structure is directly or indirectly bonded to the other structure as a whole. Among them, the above or below of the other structure is generally determined based on the situation that the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic assembly faces upward. For example, the reflective layer is arranged on the cover plate, which means that the reflective layer is arranged above the upper surface of the cover plate and / or arranged below the lower surface, and the reflective layer is directly or indirectly bonded to the cover plate as a whole. For another example, the reflective layer is arranged on the upper surface of the battery cell, which means that the reflective layer is arranged above the upper surface of the battery cell, and the reflective layer is directly or indirectly bonded to the battery cell as a whole. For another example, the emission layer is arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate, which means that the emission layer is arranged above the upper surface of the cover plate, and the emission layer is directly bonded to the upper surface of the cover plate as a whole, or the emission layer is bonded to the upper surface of the cover plate as a whole through the reflective layer.

[0043] The photoelectric conversion of cells in the currently commonly used photovoltaic modules mainly relies on light with a wavelength range of 0.3 to 1.1 μm. The light with a wavelength above 1.1 μm in the sunlight (which basically does not participate in the photoelectric conversion of cells) has more disadvantages than advantages for photovoltaic modules.

[0044] In order to solve the problem that the temperature of the photovoltaic module rises due to the light that does not participate in the photoelectric conversion entering the cell, the embodiment of the present invention provides a cooling structure 10 applied to the photovoltaic module. Figures 1 to 11 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a refrigeration structure 10 is shown, wherein: Figure 1 and Figure 7 Two refrigeration structures are shown respectively. Figures 2 to 6 as well as Figures 8 to 11The cross-sectional schematic diagrams of the cooling structure applied to the photovoltaic module are shown respectively. Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the cooling structure 10, applied to the photovoltaic module 20, may include: a reflective layer 11 that transmits light with a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 1.1 μm, wherein:

[0045] The reflective layer 11 includes a first metal oxide layer 111, a metal nanoparticle layer 112 and a second metal oxide layer 113 which are stacked, and the metal nanoparticle layer 112 is disposed between the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113;

[0046] The reflective layer 11 can be disposed on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20 and the upper surface of the cell 22 of the photovoltaic module 20 by bonding or magnetron sputtering. Therefore, the cooling structure can be formed separately and then bonded to any structure of the photovoltaic module, or it can be formed on any structure of the photovoltaic module, such as the cover plate or the cell, during the preparation process.

[0047] The stacked arrangement refers to the first metal oxide layer 111, the metal nanoparticle layer 112 and the second metal oxide layer 113 forming a sandwich structure, and the metal nanoparticle layer 112 is the "heart" of the sandwich structure. Specifically, the length and width of the metal nanoparticle layer 112 can be smaller than the length and width of the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113, so that the edge of the first metal oxide layer 111 and the edge of the second metal oxide layer 113 fit together. In addition, the length and width of the metal nanoparticle layer 112 can also be greater than or equal to the length and width of the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113, so that the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 are completely separated by the metal nanoparticle layer 112.

[0048] The "first" and "second" in the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 are only used to distinguish the different metal oxide layers disposed on the two opposite surfaces of the metal nanoparticle layer 112, and they are not a restriction on the number or order of the metal oxide layers. For example, the first metal oxide layer 111 is disposed on the upper surface of the metal nanoparticle layer 112, and correspondingly, the second metal oxide layer 112 is disposed on the lower surface of the metal nanoparticle layer 112. For another example, the first metal oxide layer 111 is disposed on the lower surface of the metal nanoparticle layer 112, and correspondingly, the second metal oxide layer 112 is disposed on the upper surface of the metal nanoparticle layer 112.

[0049] Among them, the reflective layer 11 can be arranged on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic component 20 and the upper surface of the battery cell 22 of the photovoltaic component 20. Specifically, the first metal oxide layer 111 or the second metal oxide layer 113 of the reflective layer 11 is arranged on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate 21 and the upper surface of the battery cell 22 of the photovoltaic component 20.

[0050] Among them, any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20 and the upper surface of the battery cell 22 of the photovoltaic module 20 refers to any one or more of the following structures:

[0051] The upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20, the lower surface of the cover plate 21, the upper surface of the battery cell 22 and the packaging layer between the cover plate 21 and the battery cell 22.

[0052] It can be understood that the reflective layer 11 is provided in a plurality of structures, which means that a reflective layer is provided in each structure, for example, Figure 5 and Fig.11 As shown, the reflective layer 11 is respectively arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate 21 and the upper surface of the battery cell, so the refrigeration structure may include a plurality of reflective layers. In addition, the two reflective layers 11 may also be respectively arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20 and the lower surface of the cover plate 21; for another example, the two reflective layers 11 may also be respectively arranged on the upper surface of the battery cell 22 of the photovoltaic module 20 and the encapsulation layer between the cover plate 21 and the battery cell 22; for another example, the four reflective layers 11 may also be simultaneously arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20, the lower surface of the cover plate 21, the upper surface of the battery cell 22, and the encapsulation layer between the cover plate 21 and the battery cell 22. In a preferred embodiment, the reflective layer 11 is only arranged on any one of the above structures (the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20, the lower surface of the cover plate 21, the upper surface of the battery cell 22, and the encapsulation layer between the cover plate 21 and the battery cell 22). For example, Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the reflective layer 11 is only disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20. For example, Figure 6 As shown, the reflective layer 11 is only disposed on the lower surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20. For example, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the reflective layer 11 is only disposed on the upper surface of the cell 22 of the photovoltaic module 20. For example, Figure 3 and Fig. 9As shown, the reflective layer 11 is only provided on the encapsulation layer between the cover plate 21 and the cell 22. In a more preferred embodiment, the reflective layer 11 is only provided on the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20 or only provided on the lower surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20 or the reflective layer 11 is only provided on the upper surface of the cell 22 of the photovoltaic module 20. Further preferably, the reflective layer 11 is only provided on the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic module 20.

[0053] By comparing the single-layer reflective layer and the multi-layer reflective layer, it is found that compared with setting a multi-layer reflective layer 11 in the photovoltaic module 20, setting only one reflective layer 11 can reduce the influence of the reflective layer 11 on the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The single reflective layer 11 can even make the light transmittance in the 0.3-1.1 μm band as high as 0.9 or above.

[0054] The above cooling structure applied to the photovoltaic module, because it includes a reflective layer with a transmission wavelength of 0.3μm to 1.1μm, can allow the 0.3μm to 1.1μm light participating in the photoelectric conversion of the photovoltaic module to pass through, that is, it will not affect the photoelectric performance of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, the metal nanoparticle layer in the reflective layer can effectively reflect the light in the band above 1.1μm in the sunlight. Through the arrangement of the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer in the reflective layer, on the one hand, the metal nanoparticle layer can be protected, and on the other hand, the reflectivity of the light in the band above 1.1μm can be further improved. Therefore, by arranging the reflective layer on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate of the photovoltaic module and the upper surface of the battery cell of the photovoltaic module, the light that does not participate in the photoelectric conversion (the light in the band above 1.1μm) can be reflected to the external environment before entering the battery cell, effectively reducing the generation of waste heat of the photovoltaic module, so as to improve the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0055] In the embodiment of the present invention, Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the refrigeration structure 10 may further include: an emission layer 12 disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21, wherein:

[0056] The emission layer 12 includes a material that can radiate the heat energy of the photovoltaic module 20 to outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves. The emission layer can radiate the heat generated by the photovoltaic module to outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving a better cooling purpose. Furthermore, by combining the reflective layer and the emission layer, on the one hand, the reflective layer reflects the light that does not participate in the photoelectric conversion band, preventing useless light from entering the battery cell to reduce waste heat generation, and on the other hand, the emission layer radiates the heat generated by the battery cell to outer space to achieve cooling, thereby further reducing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module to effectively extend the service life of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, through research, it is found that the refractive index of the reflective layer for light in the band above 1.1μm (especially the band of 1.1-4.0μm) is close to that of air, so that the light in the band above 1.1μm (especially the band of 1.1-4.0μm) enters the reflective layer from the optically dense medium to the optically sparse medium. The setting of the emission layer can enable the reflective layer to achieve total reflection of light in the band above 1.1μm (especially the band of 1.1-4.0μm) at a certain angle, that is, the setting of the emission layer helps to enhance the reflection of the reflective layer for light in the band above 1.1μm (especially the band of 1.1-4.0μm), further reduce the generation of waste heat, and thus further reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, if Figure 8 As shown, the reflective layer 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21, and the emitting layer 12 is attached to the upper surface of the reflective layer 11. Specifically, when the first metal oxide layer 111 of the reflective layer 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21, the emitting layer 12 is attached to the upper surface of the second metal oxide layer 112 of the reflective layer 11; when the second metal oxide layer 112 of the reflective layer 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21, the emitting layer 12 is attached to the upper surface of the first metal oxide layer 111 of the reflective layer 11.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present invention, the metal nanoparticle layer 112 may include nanosilver particles. Specifically, the metal nanoparticle layer 112 may also include any one of gold, copper, and aluminum nanoparticles or a combination of multiple nanoparticles. In a preferred embodiment, the metal nanoparticle layer 112 is formed by magnetron sputtering of nanosilver particles. In a more preferred embodiment, the metal nanoparticle layer 112 is formed by magnetron sputtering of nanosilver particles with a particle size of 2 to 8 nm (0.002 to 0.008 μm). Among them, the nanosilver particles with a particle size of 2 to 8 nm (0.002 to 0.008 μm) refer to any one particle size or a combination of multiple particle sizes within the range of 2 to 8 nm. For example, a nanosilver particle layer with any one particle size or a combination of multiple particle sizes of 2.5 nm, 3 nm, 3.5 nm, 4 nm, 4.5 nm, 5 nm, 6 nm, 7 nm, 7.5 nm, etc. is formed by magnetron sputtering. It is worth noting that the specific numerical value of the particle size is only given as an example, and any value of the particle size within the range of 2 to 8 nm is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0058] In an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the metal nanoparticle layer 112 is 0.002 to 0.008 μm. That is, the thickness of the metal nanoparticle layer 112 can be controlled within the range of 0.002 to 0.008 μm. For example, the thickness of the metal nanoparticle layer 112 can be 0.003 μm, 0.0035 μm, 0.0045 μm, 0.005 μm, 0.0055 μm, 0.006 μm, 0.007 μm, etc. It is worth noting that the specific value of the thickness is only given by way of example, and any value within the range of 0.002 to 0.008 μm is within the protection scope of the present application. In a preferred embodiment, the metal nanoparticle layer 112 is composed of a single layer of metallic silver nanoparticles. By controlling the thickness of the metal nanoparticle layer 112 formed by metal silver nanoparticles within the range of 0.002-0.008 μm, the transmittance of the reflective layer 11 for light in the 0.3-1.1 μm band can be ensured, while the reflectivity of light in the 1.1-4.0 μm band can be effectively improved.

[0059] In order to further reduce the impact of the metal nanoparticle layer 112 on the photovoltaic module and enhance the transmittance of light in the 0.3-1.1 μm band, in an embodiment of the present invention, the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 112 include any one or more of the following metal oxides: Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO. In a preferred embodiment, the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 112 include one of Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO, wherein the metal oxides included in the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 112 may be the same or different. In a more preferred embodiment, in order to simplify the preparation process of the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113, the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 are made of the same metal oxide material. Among them, as Fig.12 and Fig.13 The comparison diagrams of the reflectivity and transmittance of the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 for light of different wavelengths are shown respectively, wherein: Fig.12 The wavelength-reflectivity curves of different metal oxides are shown. Fig.13 The wavelength-transmittance curves of different metal oxides are shown. Fig.12 It can be seen that Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO all have relatively good reflectivity for light in the band above 1.1μm, among which the reflectivity of HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO is higher than that of Al2O3. Fig.13It can be seen that Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO all have relatively good transmittance for light in the 0.3-1.1μm band. Among them, the transmittance of Al2O3 is significantly higher than that of HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO for light in the 0.3-0.4μm band and the 0.7-1.1μm band. Through further experimental comparison, it is found that the positive effect of the higher reflectivity of HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO for light in the band above 1.1μm on photovoltaic modules is not enough to offset the negative effect of their transmittance for light in the 0.3-1.1μm band on photovoltaic modules, while Al2O3 has a higher reflectivity for light in the 0.3-1.1μm band. The relatively high transmittance makes Al2O3 reflective of light in the band above 1.1μm, which can make the photovoltaic module perform better and have a longer service life. Therefore, in order to effectively improve the photoelectric conversion performance of the photovoltaic module and the service life of the photovoltaic module, it is further preferred that the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 both include Al2O3. Compared with other metal oxides, the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 both include Al2O3 combined with a metal nanoparticle layer, which can effectively enhance the transmittance of light in the 0.3-1.1μm band and maintain the transmittance of 0.3-1.1μm above 0.9.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the reflective layer 11 can be any value in the range of 0.04 to 0.1 μm, for example, 0.045 μm, 0.05 μm, 0.055 μm, 0.06 μm, 0.065 μm, 0.07 μm, 0.075 μm, 0.08 μm, 0.085 μm, 0.09 μm, 0.095 μm, 0.1 μm, etc. By setting the thickness of the reflective layer 11 in the range of 0.04 to 0.1 μm, it can help to further enhance the transmittance of light in the 0.3 to 1.1 μm band.

[0061] It can be understood that when the thickness of the metal nanoparticle layer is any value in the range of 0.002 to 0.008 μm, the combined thickness of the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 is any value in the range of 0.032 to 0.098 μm. It is worth noting that the thickness of each of the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 can be arbitrarily adjusted within the combined thickness range. In a preferred embodiment, in order to effectively simplify the manufacturing process of the reflective layer, the thickness of the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 are selected to be consistent, so that the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 can be prepared by the same process.

[0062] Through the investigation of refrigeration methods in different fields, it is found that in the fields of aerospace, optical lenses, electronics, radiation refrigeration, etc., organic polymer materials with chemical stability, good processability, low density and low cost are often selected as refrigeration materials. And through further investigation, it is found that polycarbonate (PC) materials widely used in the fields of aerospace and optical lenses have good light transmittance, light weight, impact resistance, ultraviolet radiation resistance and good molding and processing performance. In normal high temperature environment and extreme high temperature environment, PC film can play a good radiation refrigeration effect. However, after the PC material is applied to the photovoltaic module, its high emissivity for achieving the radiation refrigeration effect is far from achieving the ideal cooling effect. This is because the reflectivity of PC for light in the 1.1-4.0μm band is very low at all incident angles, resulting in most of the heat being stored in the photovoltaic module. Combining PC with the reflective layer provided in the embodiment of the present invention can make the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module more obvious, and make the photovoltaic module cool down significantly. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned emission layer 12 may include polycarbonate material. The emission layer 12 may also include a solvent such as cyclohexanone or o-dichlorobenzene, which is used to dissolve the polycarbonate material and is not completely volatilized during the preparation of the emission layer 12. In a preferred embodiment, the emission layer 12 is a film formed of a polycarbonate material. By further studying the refractive index and extinction coefficient of the PC material in the 0.3-20 μm band and the spectral emissivity of the SiO2 plate and the PC material, the following are obtained: Fig.14 The schematic diagram of the refractive index of PC material in the 0.3-20μm band is shown. Fig.15 The schematic diagram of the extinction coefficient of PC material in the 0.3-20 μm band and Fig.16 The schematic diagram of the spectral emissivity of a photovoltaic module with a thickness of 2000 μm and a PC film with a thickness of 200 μm shows that the emission layer 12 including the polycarbonate material utilizes the characteristics of the atmospheric window (the characteristic of the atmospheric window means that due to the existence of thermal radiation, the surface objects can transfer energy to the atmosphere by means of thermal radiation. Among them, the radiation of 8 to 13 μm can penetrate the atmosphere to reach the upper extremely low temperature atmosphere and outer space. At the same time, in this band, the atmosphere has only a small amount of energy radiated. At the same temperature, in the 8 to 1 In the 3μm band, the outward radiation power of a black body is greater than the radiation power of the atmosphere to the black body. Based on this, if a material with a black body emissivity close to that in the 8-13μm band is constructed (the black body is an emissive layer in this application), the radiation output-input difference can be used to achieve radiation temperature control of the object), and the emissivity in the 8.0-13.0μm band is as close to 1.0 as possible, and the thermal energy of the photovoltaic module is radiated to outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves, and combined with the reflection of the reflective layer 11 on the light that does not participate in the photoelectric conversion, the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module is enhanced.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the emission layer 12 is any value in the range of 100 to 400 μm. For example, 105 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 240 μm, 260 μm, 270 μm, 300 μm, 320 μm, 350 μm, 360 μm, 380 μm and 390 μm, etc., so that the preparation process of the emission layer 12 is simple and easy to operate, and the emission layer is prevented from losing light in the 0.3 to 1.1 μm band, and the light entering the reflection layer 11 from the emission layer 12 better meets the requirement of entering the light-sparse medium from the optically dense medium, so that the reflection layer 11 can achieve total reflection at a certain angle, and the reflectivity of the reflection layer 11 to the light in the band above 1.1 μm is improved by setting the emission layer 12, so as to enhance the reflection effect of the reflection layer 11, thereby further improving the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0064] An embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module 20 . Figures 2 to 6 as well as Figures 8 to 11 2 to 3 show a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module. Figure 6 as well as Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the photovoltaic assembly 20 may include: a cover plate 21, a battery cell 22, an encapsulation layer 23, a back plate 24 and a refrigeration structure 10 provided in any of the above embodiments, wherein:

[0065] The reflective layer 11 included in the refrigeration structure 10 is arranged on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate 21 and the upper surface of the battery cell 22;

[0066] The packaging layer 23 is used to package the battery unit formed by the battery cells 22 between the cover plate 21 and the back plate 24 .

[0067] The photovoltaic module, because its cooling structure includes a reflective layer with a transmission wavelength of 0.3 μm to 1.1 μm, can allow the 0.3 μm to 1.1 μm light participating in the photoelectric conversion of the photovoltaic module to pass through, that is, it will not affect the photoelectric performance of the photovoltaic module. At the same time, the metal nanoparticle layer in the reflective layer can effectively reflect the light in the band above 1.1 μm in the sunlight. By setting the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer in the reflective layer, on the one hand, the metal nanoparticle layer can be protected, and on the other hand, the reflectivity of the light in the band above 1.1 μm can be further improved. Therefore, by setting the reflective layer on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate of the photovoltaic module and the upper surface of the battery cell of the photovoltaic module, the light that does not participate in the photoelectric conversion (the light in the band above 1.1 μm) can be reflected to the external environment before entering the battery cell, effectively reducing the generation of waste heat of the photovoltaic module, so as to improve the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0068] The specific position of the reflective layer 11 in the photovoltaic module has been described in detail in the previous embodiment of the refrigeration structure, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] Furthermore, if Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the refrigeration structure 10 includes an emission layer 12 disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21. The emission layer is a material that can radiate the heat generated by the photovoltaic module to the outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving a better refrigeration purpose. Furthermore, by combining the reflective layer and the emission layer, on the one hand, the reflective layer reflects the light that does not participate in the photoelectric conversion band, preventing useless light from entering the battery cell to reduce waste heat generation, and on the other hand, the emission layer radiates the heat generated by the battery cell to the outer space to achieve refrigeration, thereby further reducing the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module to effectively extend the service life of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, through research, it was found that the refractive index of the reflective layer for light in the band above 1.1μm (especially the band of 1.1-4.0μm) is close to that of air, so that the light in the band above 1.1μm enters the reflective layer from the optically denser medium to the optically sparser medium from the emission layer. The setting of the emission layer can enable the reflective layer to achieve total reflection of light in the band above 1.1μm (especially the band of 1.1-4.0μm) at a certain angle, that is, the setting of the emission layer helps to enhance the reflection of the reflective layer to the light in the band above 1.1μm (especially the band of 1.1-4.0μm), further reduce the generation of waste heat, and thus further reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic modules.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the reflective layer 11 included in the refrigeration structure 10 is arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate 21, and the emission layer 12 is arranged on the upper surface of the reflective layer 11. Further, through research, it is found that the refractive index of the reflective layer for light in the band above 1.1 μm (especially the band of 1.1 to 4.0 μm) is close to that of air, so that the light in the band above 1.1 μm enters the reflective layer from the optically dense medium to the optically sparse medium from the emission layer. The setting of the emission layer can enable the reflective layer to achieve total reflection of light in the band above 1.1 μm (especially the band of 1.1 to 4.0 μm) at a certain angle, that is, the setting of the emission layer helps to enhance the reflection of the reflective layer on the light in the band above 1.1 μm (especially the band of 1.1 to 4.0 μm), further reduce the generation of waste heat, and thus further reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module.

[0071] The reflective layer may be disposed on the photovoltaic module by magnetron sputtering, and the emitting layer may be disposed on the photovoltaic module by spin coating or coating.

[0072] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a refrigeration structure, such as Fig.17 As shown, the preparation method of the refrigeration structure may include the following steps:

[0073] Step S1701: Screening out the types of nanoparticles required for preparing the metal nanoparticle layer included in the reflective layer, and the metal oxides required for preparing the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer included in the reflective layer;

[0074] This step mainly involves screening out various metal nanoparticles and metal oxides through simulation calculations, emulations, experimental comparisons, etc.

[0075] Step S1702: Determine the thickness of the first metal oxide layer, the second metal oxide layer, and the metal nanoparticle layer by simulation;

[0076] Step S1703: Based on the determined types of metal oxides and nanoparticles, a reflective layer included in the cooling structure is prepared on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate and the upper surface of the battery cell.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the above-mentioned refrigeration structure may further include: calculating the thickness of the emission layer including materials that can radiate the thermal energy of the photovoltaic component to the outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves by constructing a one-dimensional steady-state model, wherein the one-dimensional steady-state model is based on the solar radiation heating power, the external thermal radiation power of the battery itself by introducing the blackbody spectrum radiation power, the atmospheric radiation power by introducing the blackbody spectrum radiation power, the energy of non-radiative heat exchange between the external environment and the battery, and the photovoltaic output power, and is constructed by the external thermal radiation power of the battery itself; according to the calculated thickness of the emission layer, preparing the emission layer on the upper surface of the cover plate by including materials that can radiate thermal energy to the outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0078] Among them, the implementation of the one-dimensional steady-state model is specific: the thermal effect of solar cells is mainly related to five aspects: solar radiation heating power The thermal radiation power P of the battery itself rad (T cell ) ; atmospheric radiation power P atm (T a ), where P atm (T a ) refers to the energy absorbed by the solar cell from atmospheric radiation; the energy of non-radiative heat exchange such as convection and heat conduction between the external environment and the battery P con (T cell , T a ), and the photoelectric output power P pv Among them, T cell is the temperature of the solar cell, T a is the temperature of the atmospheric environment, in units of K. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy control equation of the solar cell can be obtained:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, solar radiation heating power It is related to the radiation power of the sun itself and the absorption rate of sunlight by the solar cell. In this simplified model, It is the only heat source for heating the solar cell.

[0081] The battery's own external heat radiation P rad (T cell ) is determined by the spectral emissivity of the battery and the battery temperature. The specific expression is as follows:

[0082] P rad (T cell )=∫cosθdΩ×∫0 ∞ I BB (T cell ,λ)×ε(λ,Ω)dλ

[0083] Where Ω is the radiation solid angle, I BB (T cell ,λ) is the blackbody spectral radiation power with temperature Tcell; ε(λ,Ω) is the directional spectral emissivity of the solar cell. According to the definition of solid angle and Planck's law, the differential of the radiation solid angle dΩ and T cell The blackbody spectral radiation power under is expressed as:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] Where θ is the latitude angle; is the longitude angle; λ is the wavelength of light; Planck constant h = 6.626×10-34J·s; speed of light c = 2.998×108m·s -1 ; Boltzmann constant k B =1.381×10-23J·K -1 .

[0087] Atmospheric radiation P atm (T a ) is mainly determined by the spectral absorption rate of the battery and the ambient temperature. The specific expression is as follows:

[0088] P atm (T a )=∫cosθdΩ×∫0 ∞ I BB (T a ,λ)×α(λ,Ω)×ε atm (λ,Ω)dλ

[0089] In the formula, I BB (Ta , λ) is the temperature T a The blackbody spectral radiation power, α(λ, Ω) is the spectral directional absorption rate of the solar cell. According to Kirchhoff's law, α(λ, Ω) = ε(λ, Ω); ε atm (λ, Ω) is the spectral directional emissivity of the atmosphere. Due to the complex atmospheric radiation characteristics, empirical or semi-empirical formulas are often used to describe atmospheric radiation. atm (λ, Ω) can be described by the following expression:

[0090] ε atm (λ,Ω)=1-t(λ) 1 / cosθ

[0091] Where t(λ) is the spectral transmittance of the atmosphere in the vertical direction, which is closely related to the atmospheric parameters, such as atmospheric water content, aerogel conditions, and cloud coverage.

[0092] The energy P of non-radiative heat exchange between solar cells and the external environment, such as convection and conduction con (T cell , T a ) is determined by the battery temperature, ambient temperature and the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient between the two. When there is a temperature difference between the solar cell and the environment, the temperature gradient will cause heat conduction and heat convection between the two. Here, a comprehensive heat transfer coefficient is used to characterize the intensity of this non-radiative heat transfer. The specific expression is as follows:

[0093] P con (T cell , T a )=h c (T cell -T a )

[0094] In the formula, h c It is the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient, which is determined by factors such as the surrounding air flow velocity, ambient temperature, and structural parameters of the equipment.

[0095] Of the absorbed solar radiation, radiation with a wavelength greater than 1.2 μm is absorbed by the component packaging material and converted into heat, while most of the radiation within 0.3 to 1.2 μm is converted into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect of silicon. The corresponding photoelectric output power P pv With component temperature T cell The increase of decrease:

[0096] P pv (T cell ) = η 300K ×P solar ×[1+β×(T cell -300K)]

[0097] Among them, η 300K =20%, P solar =1000W·m -2 , β = -0.35% is the temperature coefficient of the component.

[0098] The refrigeration structure prepared through the above process can effectively improve the reflection of light in the band above 1.1μm, and at the same time radiate the heat generated by the photovoltaic modules into outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves in the band of 8-13μm to enhance the cooling effect of the photovoltaic modules.

[0099] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, which may include the method for preparing the refrigeration structure provided in the above embodiment. Specifically, the above-mentioned reflective layer may be introduced in the preparation process of the cover plate, the cell sheet or the packaging layer of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the above-mentioned reflective layer and / or the above-mentioned emission layer may be introduced in the process of preparing the cover plate to enhance the refrigeration effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0100] The preparation method and structure of a photovoltaic module are described in detail below with reference to several specific embodiments.

[0101] Embodiment 1:

[0102] A1: Add polycarbonate powder into solvents such as cyclohexanone or o-dichlorobenzene, dissolve it, and prepare a solution with a concentration of 7%. Disperse the solution by ultrasonication to make the solution uniform.

[0103] A2: An Al2O3 layer, a metallic silver nanoparticle layer and an Al2O3 layer are sequentially plated on a main surface of the glass prepared with the emission layer by a magnetron sputtering method to obtain a reflective layer.

[0104] A3: When the air humidity is controlled below 40, the 7% solution prepared by C1 is spun on the Al2O3 layer by spin coating, that is, the solution is made into a viscous liquid, a small amount of liquid is dropped on the glass, and the glass is rotated at high speed to obtain a thin film. This method has the characteristics of simple process and low cost.

[0105] A4: The spin-coated film is dried and solidified. The curing temperature should be slightly higher than the boiling point of the solvent and lower than the glass transition temperature of the material. That is, it is dried at 100°C for 1 hour, and then baked at 180°C for 12 hours to remove the solvent to form a polycarbonate film (i.e., the emission layer).

[0106] A5: The glass with the emission layer and the reflection layer is cut into the required size for the cover of the photovoltaic module.

[0107] A6: Use the backplane, encapsulation layer, solar cell and C5 cover to encapsulate into a photovoltaic module, wherein the emission layer is on the upper surface of the cover. Figure 8 The structure of the photovoltaic module shown.

[0108] Through the embodiment, an emission layer with a thickness of 200 μm, a metal silver nanoparticle layer with a thickness of 8 nm, and two Al 2 O 3 layers with a thickness of 40 nm were prepared, wherein the total thickness of the reflective layer was 48 nm.

[0109] The cooling structure obtained in Example 1 was applied to a photovoltaic module and compared with a randomly selected radiation cooling film on the market that can be used on a photovoltaic module. The comparison results are as follows: Fig.18 and Fig.19 As shown, Fig.18 The wavelength-transmittance (Wavelength-Transmissivity) curve of the photovoltaic module after the cooling structure obtained in Example 1 is applied to the photovoltaic module, and the wavelength-transmittance (Wavelength-Transmissivity) curve of the photovoltaic module after the cooling film on the market is applied to the photovoltaic module; Fig.19 The wavelength-reflectivity (Wavelength-Reflectivity) curve of the photovoltaic module after the refrigeration structure obtained in Example 1 is applied to the photovoltaic module, and the wavelength-reflectivity (Wavelength-Reflectivity) curve of the photovoltaic module after the refrigeration film on the market is applied to the photovoltaic module is shown. By comparison, it is found that the performance of the refrigeration structure provided in the present application is better than the selected radiation refrigeration film on the market in the three bands. In the photoelectric conversion band, the overall transmittance of the radiation refrigeration film on the market is lower than 0.8, which is not conducive to the normal operation of the battery. In the near-infrared band, the reflectivity is also significantly lower and cannot effectively reflect excess heat. In the first atmospheric window, the emissivity of the two is basically the same, but the emissivity of the radiation refrigeration film on the market is still slightly lower than the composite structure of the reflective layer and the emissive layer provided in the present application. In addition, as Fig.18 As shown, when a layer of cooling film is affixed to the surface of a photovoltaic module, the battery efficiency will inevitably be affected due to the reduction in overall light transmittance. After calculation and experiment, it was found that the application of radiation cooling on the market to photovoltaic modules can reduce the battery efficiency of photovoltaic modules by 53.09%, from 23.30% to 10.93%. Although it can reduce the temperature by nearly 30°C under standard working conditions, the efficiency improvement brought is only 1.13%, and the economic benefit is extremely low. The composite structure of the emission layer and the reflection layer provided in the embodiment of the present application reduces the battery efficiency by 16.18%. Therefore, the refrigeration structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention can achieve a more reliable effect than the radiation cooling film on the market.

[0110] Embodiment 2:

[0111] B1: Add polycarbonate powder to a solvent such as cyclohexanone or o-dichlorobenzene, dissolve it, and prepare a solution with a concentration of 10%. Then, disperse the solution by ultrasonication to make the solution uniform.

[0112] B2: When the air humidity is controlled below 40, the 10% solution prepared in B1 is applied by spin coating to one main surface of the glass used to prepare the cover plate of the photovoltaic module, that is, the solution is made into a viscous liquid, a small amount of liquid is dropped on the glass, and a thin film is obtained by high-speed rotation of the glass. This method has the characteristics of simple process and low cost.

[0113] B3: The spin-coated film is dried and solidified. The curing temperature should be slightly higher than the boiling point of the solvent and lower than the glass transition temperature of the material. That is, it is dried at 100°C for 1 hour, and then baked at 180°C for 12 hours to remove the solvent to form a polycarbonate film (i.e., the emission layer).

[0114] B4: An Al2O3 layer, a metallic silver nanoparticle layer and an Al2O3 layer are sequentially plated on the upper surface of the prepared solar cell by a magnetron sputtering method to obtain a solar cell with a reflective layer.

[0115] B5: The dimensions required for cutting the cover sheet with the emission layer glass into photovoltaic modules.

[0116] B6: The backplane, the encapsulation layer, the cell with the reflective layer and the cover plate of B5 are encapsulated into a photovoltaic module, wherein the emission layer is on the upper surface of the cover plate. Fig.10 The structure of the photovoltaic module shown.

[0117] Embodiment 3:

[0118] C1: Add polycarbonate powder into solvents such as cyclohexanone or o-dichlorobenzene, dissolve it, and prepare a solution with a concentration of 7%. Then, disperse the solution by ultrasonication to make the solution uniform.

[0119] C2: When the air humidity is controlled below 40, the 7% solution prepared by A1 is applied by spin coating to one main surface of the glass used to prepare the cover plate of the photovoltaic module, that is, the solution is made into a viscous liquid, a small amount of liquid is dropped on the glass, and a thin film is obtained by high-speed rotation of the glass. This method has the characteristics of simple process and low cost.

[0120] C3: The spin-coated film is dried and solidified. The curing temperature should be slightly higher than the boiling point of the solvent and lower than the glass transition temperature of the material. That is, it is dried at 100°C for 1 hour, and then baked at 180°C for 12 hours to remove the solvent to form a polycarbonate film (i.e., the emission layer).

[0121] C4: An Al2O3 layer, a metallic silver nanoparticle layer and an Al2O3 layer are sequentially plated on the other main surface of the glass on which the emission layer is prepared by a magnetron sputtering method.

[0122] C5: The glass with the emission layer and the reflection layer is cut into the required size for the cover plate of the photovoltaic module.

[0123] C6: A photovoltaic module is encapsulated using a backplane, an encapsulation layer, a battery cell and an A5 cover, wherein the emission layer is on the upper surface of the cover.

[0124] In summary, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention include:

[0125] Technical Solution 1: A cooling structure applied to a photovoltaic module, comprising: a reflective layer 11 transmitting light with a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 1.1 μm, wherein:

[0126] The reflective layer 11 includes a first metal oxide layer 111, a metal nanoparticle layer 112 and a second metal oxide layer 113 which are stacked, and the metal nanoparticle layer 112 is disposed between the first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113;

[0127] The reflective layer 11 may be disposed on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate 21 of the photovoltaic component 20 and the upper surface of the cell 22 of the photovoltaic component 20 .

[0128] Technical Solution 2: The refrigeration structure according to Technical Solution 1 further comprises: an emission layer 12 disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21, wherein:

[0129] The emission layer 12 includes a material that can radiate the thermal energy of the photovoltaic module 20 to outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0130] Technical solution 3: The refrigeration structure according to technical solution 1 or 2,

[0131] The metal nanoparticle layer 112 includes any one or more of nanosilver particles, nanogold particles, and nanocopper particles.

[0132] Technical solution 4: The refrigeration structure according to technical solution 1 or 2 is characterized in that:

[0133] The first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 112 include any one or more of the following metal oxides:

[0134] Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO.

[0135] Technical solution 5: According to the refrigeration structure described in technical solution 1,

[0136] The thickness of the reflective layer 11 is 0.04-0.1 μm.

[0137] Technical solution 6: According to the refrigeration structure described in technical solution 2,

[0138] The emission layer 12 includes polycarbonate material.

[0139] Technical solution 7: The refrigeration structure according to technical solution 2 or 6,

[0140] In the case where the reflective layer 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21,

[0141] The emission layer 12 is attached to the upper surface of the reflection layer 11 .

[0142] Technical solution 8: The refrigeration structure according to technical solution 2 or 6,

[0143] The thickness of the emission layer 12 is 100-400 μm.

[0144] Technical solution 9: The refrigeration structure according to technical solution 4 is characterized in that:

[0145] The first metal oxide layer 111 and the second metal oxide layer 113 are made of the same metal oxide material.

[0146] Technical solution 10: The refrigeration structure according to technical solution 5 is characterized in that:

[0147] The thickness of the metal nanoparticle layer 112 is 0.002-0.008 μm.

[0148] Technical solution 11, a photovoltaic module, comprising: a cover plate 21, a battery cell 22, an encapsulation layer 23, a back plate 24 and a refrigeration structure 10 according to any one of technical solutions 1 to 9, wherein:

[0149] The reflective layer 11 included in the refrigeration structure 10 is arranged on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate 21 and the upper surface of the battery cell 22;

[0150] The packaging layer 23 is used to package the battery unit formed by the battery sheet 22 between the cover plate 21 and the back plate 24 .

[0151] Technical solution 12. The photovoltaic module according to technical solution 11,

[0152] The refrigeration structure 10 includes an emission layer 12 disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21 .

[0153] Technical solution 13. The photovoltaic module according to technical solution 12,

[0154] In the case where the reflective layer 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the cover plate 21,

[0155] The emission layer 12 is disposed on the upper surface of the reflection layer 11 .

[0156] Technical solution 14, a method for preparing a refrigeration structure, comprising:

[0157] Screening out the types of nanoparticles required for preparing the metal nanoparticle layer included in the reflective layer, and the metal oxides required for preparing the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer included in the reflective layer;

[0158] Determine the thickness of the first metal oxide layer, the second metal oxide layer and the metal nanoparticle layer by simulation;

[0159] Based on the determined types of the metal oxide and the nanoparticles, a reflective layer included in the refrigeration structure is prepared on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate and the upper surface of the battery cell.

[0160] Technical solution 15. The preparation method according to technical solution 14 further comprises:

[0161] The thickness of the emission layer of the material capable of radiating the thermal energy of the photovoltaic module to outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves is calculated by constructing a one-dimensional steady-state model, wherein the one-dimensional steady-state model is determined based on solar radiation heating power, the external thermal radiation power of the battery itself by introducing the blackbody spectrum radiation power, the atmospheric radiation power by introducing the blackbody spectrum radiation power, the energy of non-radiative heat exchange between the external environment and the battery, and the photovoltaic output power;

[0162] According to the calculated thickness of the emission layer, an emission layer is prepared on the upper surface of the cover plate by including a material capable of radiating heat energy to outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0163] Technical Solution 16. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, comprising: a method for preparing a refrigeration structure described in Technical Solution 14 or 15.

[0164] The introduction provided in the above steps is only used to help understand the method, structure and core idea of ​​the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also belong to the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A refrigeration structure, characterized in that: Applicable to photovoltaic modules, comprising: a reflective layer (11) that transmits light with a wavelength of 0.3 μm to 1.1 μm, wherein: The reflective layer (11) comprises a first metal oxide layer (111), a metal nanoparticle layer (112), and a second metal oxide layer (113) which are stacked, and the metal nanoparticle layer (112) is arranged between the first metal oxide layer (111) and the second metal oxide layer (113); The reflective layer (11) may be arranged on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate (21) of the photovoltaic module (20) and the upper surface of the cell sheet (22) of the photovoltaic module (20); The first metal oxide layer (111) and the second metal oxide layer (113) reflect light in a wavelength band above 1.1 μm.

2. The refrigeration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An emission layer (12) is arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate (21), wherein: The emission layer (12) includes a material capable of radiating the thermal energy of the photovoltaic component (20) to outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves.

3. The refrigeration structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The metal nanoparticle layer (112) comprises any one or more of nanosilver particles, nanogold particles and nanocopper particles.

4. The refrigeration structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first metal oxide layer (111) and the second metal oxide layer (112) include any one or more of the following metal oxides: Al2O3, HfO2, TiO2 and ZnO.

5. The refrigeration structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the reflective layer (11) is 0.04-0.1 μm.

6. The refrigeration structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The emission layer (12) comprises a polycarbonate material.

7. The refrigeration structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first metal oxide layer (111) and the second metal oxide layer (113) are made of the same metal oxide material.

8. The refrigeration structure according to claim 2 or 6, characterized in that: In the case where the reflective layer (11) is arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate (21), The emission layer (12) is attached to the upper surface of the reflection layer (11).

9. The refrigeration structure according to claim 2 or 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the emission layer (12) is 100-400 μm.

10. The refrigeration structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal nanoparticle layer (112) is 0.002-0.008 μm.

11. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A cover plate (21), a battery cell (22), a packaging layer (23), a back plate (24), and a refrigeration structure (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The reflective layer (11) included in the refrigeration structure (10) is arranged on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate (21) and the upper surface of the battery cell (22); The encapsulation layer (23) is used to encapsulate the battery unit formed by the battery sheet (22) between the cover plate (21) and the back plate (24).

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that: The refrigeration structure (10) comprises an emission layer (12) arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate (21).

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the case where the reflective layer (11) is arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate (21), The emission layer (12) is arranged on the upper surface of the reflection layer (11).

14. A method for preparing a refrigeration structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: include: Screening out the types of nanoparticles required for preparing the metal nanoparticle layer included in the reflective layer, and the metal oxides required for preparing the first metal oxide layer and the second metal oxide layer included in the reflective layer; Determine the thickness of the first metal oxide layer, the second metal oxide layer and the metal nanoparticle layer by simulation; Based on the determined types of the metal oxide and the nanoparticles, a reflective layer included in the refrigeration structure is prepared on any plane between the upper surface of the cover plate and the upper surface of the battery cell.

15. The preparation method according to claim 14, characterized in that: Also includes: The thickness of the emission layer of the material that can radiate the thermal energy of the photovoltaic module to the outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves is calculated by constructing a one-dimensional steady-state model, wherein the one-dimensional steady-state model is based on the solar radiation heating power, the external thermal radiation power of the battery itself by introducing the blackbody spectrum radiation power, and the atmospheric radiation power by introducing the blackbody spectrum radiation power. 、 The energy of non-radiative heat exchange between the external environment and the battery and the photovoltaic output power are determined; According to the calculated thickness of the emission layer, an emission layer is prepared on the upper surface of the cover plate by including a material capable of radiating heat energy to outer space in the form of electromagnetic waves.

16. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A method for preparing a refrigeration structure according to claim 14 or 15.

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