A high-speed dynamic measurement test device and system for material crushing process

Abstract

A material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test device and system, comprising a lifting device (1), a frame (2), a positioning frame (3), a magnet frame (4), a hammer (5), a vibration table (6), an anvil (7) and a control cabinet (8), wherein the frame (2) is fixed on a base (22) through a column (24), a smooth guide rail (21) is located in the middle of the frame (2), and the positioning frame (3) is fixedly installed on the upper part of the smooth guide rail (21); when the lifting device (1) is fixedly installed on the frame (2), the lifting device (1) is composed of a sprocket chain group and a speed regulating motor, and the other end of the chain (11) of the lifting device (1) is tied with a lead block with the same mass as the hammer (5); the vibration table (6) is arranged on the base (22), one end of the chain (11) passes through the positioning frame (3) and is connected with the magnet frame (4) below the positioning frame (3), and the hammer (5) is adsorbed on the magnet frame (4), and when the chain (11) moves up and down, it drives the magnet frame (4) to move up and down. The system can monitor the crushing condition of the material under the impact vibration in real time and accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of material crushing, and in particular to a high-speed dynamic measurement test device and system for material crushing process, which are used for real-time online measurement of various physical parameters in the material crushing process, including motion state, force, energy, etc. Background Art

[0002] In the process of material crushing, a lot of energy is consumed. Considering the objective reality that the energy utilization efficiency is low, PRRittinger's new surface theory [1] , G.Kick's similarity theory [2] and FCBond's crack theory [3] Traditional crushing theories such as , came into being to study the relationship between crushing input energy and mineral characteristic parameters before and after crushing. However, this theory only considers two time points before and after crushing, and cannot measure the dynamic parameters of the material in real time during the crushing process. It lacks in-depth research on the energy dissipation law of crushed materials under different loading rates and methods, resulting in the inability to combine existing test results with actual production. The relevant theories and design methods used to guide crushing also lack scientificity and universality.

[0003] As a common test equipment for studying the impact performance of materials and structures, the traditional drop weight tester is mainly composed of three systems: mechanical structure system, measurement and data processing system and control system. The mechanical structure system includes the support structure, drop weight structure, lifting and release mechanism; the measurement and data processing system includes the signal measurement system, data acquisition system, data processing system; the control system includes the electric control cabinet, computer, etc. [7-11] This test system uses electromagnets and free falls to absorb and release the hammer. The hammer is designed with a counterweight to adjust the weight, and hammer heads of different shapes are designed to change the loading method. Accelerometers, sound pressure sensors, laser displacement sensors, force sensors, infrared thermal imagers, and high-speed cameras are used to monitor the entire test process in real time from multiple angles. A vibration table is designed to study the material crushing characteristics under the combined effects of impact and vibration. A control cabinet and an intelligent signal processing and analysis system are added, and a real-time energy dissipation measurement system is established using deep learning and other methods. In addition, in the mining industry, drop hammer testers are mainly used to study the crushing characteristics of minerals under impact. [4, 5] Particle size distribution [6] , and provide some guidance for the crushing production of coal and other minerals. However, this theoretical guidance currently remains at the level of qualitative research, and no further analysis has been conducted on the dynamic process of impact crushing, and there is a lack of real-time and accurate data monitoring and measurement systems. Although there are many studies on the measurement and research of energy in the drop hammer test process, [12-15]However, most of them consider the two nodes before and after crushing, or only focus on the change of kinetic energy of the falling hammer, and cannot measure the dynamic parameters of the effect of the falling hammer on the material in real time during the crushing process, and lack the research on the evolution law of material energy dissipation under different loading rates and methods. [16-20] , make innovative improvements, add adjustable hammers and vibration tables, monitor the entire impact-vibration coupled crushing process online in real time, collect data from the test process and combine it with deep learning for training, analyze and predict the test process. Quasi-brittle materials (such as coal, gypsum, concrete, etc.) are taken as research objects. By adjusting the drop height, hammer counterweight and hammer head form to adjust the loading rate and method, the gravity work of the hammer is used as input energy to study the change process of the physical state of the material in the dynamic process of impact crushing under different loading rates and methods, and the energy dissipation evolution law of the crushed material is measured in real time and accurately, so as to guide the design, processing and manufacturing of crushing equipment related to quasi-brittle materials.

[0004] Overcoming the difficulties of the existing technology: In terms of structural design, the design of the weight and adjustable shape of the drop hammer, the determination of the working parameters of the vibration table, and the arrangement of the installation position and interaction mode of the signal acquisition device are all technical difficulties that need to be overcome; in terms of real-time signal acquisition, high-speed photography and various sensors are used to dynamically track the movement state of the material and record the crushing process, and infrared thermal imagers are used to record the material crushing splash and surface temperature. It is necessary to achieve consistency in time and space to achieve mutual comparison; in terms of signal processing, based on various measurement data, a deep learning neural network is established for training, and three-dimensional reconstruction and dynamic target tracking technology in the field of computer vision are applied to distinguish, compare, classify and calculate the measurement indicators, and a relationship model between various parameters under different loading rates and methods in the material crushing process is established to complete a multi-parameter input, mutually verifiable real-time measurement system for the dynamic process of material crushing.

[0005] The significance of overcoming the existing technology: Overcoming the defects of the existing traditional crushing theory and the limitations of the test range of the drop hammer tester, providing a high-speed dynamic measurement test device and system for the material crushing process; inventing adjustable hammer and vibration table components, which can be used to change the loading rate and method of the test equipment, and study the crushing effect of the material under the impact vibration-coupling effect; using multiple sensors, high-speed cameras and infrared thermal imagers, real-time and accurately measure the evolution law and dissipated energy of various physical parameters of the material in the impact crushing process under different loading rates and methods, combine deep learning to train the test data, analyze and predict the overall process, and solve the problem that the current crushing theory has not conducted in-depth research on the dissipated energy of the crushing process. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed dynamic measurement test device for material crushing process, which overcomes the defects of existing traditional crushing theory and the limitations of the test range of drop hammer test machine, and provides a high-speed dynamic measurement test device and system for material crushing process, which can study in real time and accurately the evolution law and dissipated energy of various physical parameters of materials in the impact crushing process under different loading rates and methods, and solves the problem that the current crushing theory has not conducted in-depth research on the dissipated energy of the crushing process.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0008] A high-speed dynamic measurement test device for material crushing process, comprising a lifting device 1, a frame 2, a positioning frame 3, a magnet frame 4, a hammer 5, a vibration table 6, an anvil 7 and a control cabinet 8, the frame 2 is fixed on a base 22 through a column 24, a smooth guide rail 21 is located in the middle of the frame 2, and the positioning frame 3 is fixedly installed on the upper position of the smooth guide rail 21; the lifting device 1 is fixedly installed on the top of the frame 2, the lifting device 1 is composed of a sprocket chain group and a speed regulating motor, and the other end of the chain 11 of the lifting device 1 is tied with a lead block with the same mass as the hammer 5; the vibration table 6 is arranged on the base 22, and the magnet frame 4 is characterized in that:

[0009] One end of the chain 11 passes through the positioning frame 3 and is connected to the magnet frame 4 below. The hammer 5 is adsorbed on the magnet frame 4. When the chain 11 moves up and down, it drives the magnet frame 4 to move up and down.

[0010] Furthermore, the magnet frame 4 is positioned by the positioning frame 3 and is connected to the smooth guide rail 21 through a linear bearing 517. The magnet frame 4 and the smooth guide rail 21 are slidably connected by the linear bearing 517. The hammer 5 is adsorbed on the magnet frame 4, pulled by the lifting device 1, and limited by the positioning frame 3 above the magnet frame 4.

[0011] Furthermore, the roughness of the smooth guide rail 21 is 1.6.

[0012] Furthermore, the hammer body 5 is equipped with an acceleration sensor 59, and the weight can be changed by adding a counterweight. Hammer heads of different shapes can be installed at the bottom to adjust the loading rate and method. Three threaded holes are processed at the bottom of the hammer body 5 and blocked with a flat screw plug 58. The hammer head is designed to be a flat head or a conical head hammer head.

[0013] Furthermore, the counterweight block 56 has threads inside, and the surface of the tray column 57 has threads. The two parts are threadedly connected and fixed by a locking nut 55. The gravity of the falling hammer is changed by changing the weight of the hammer body, thereby adjusting the impact force input during the test.

[0014] Furthermore, the hammer body 5, the hexagonal screw with hole reinforcing rod bolt 52 are installed symmetrically in both positive and negative directions; the hammer body frame 51 is symmetrically designed to ensure that the center of gravity of this part passes through the symmetry axis; the cylindrical bottom surface of the hammer body 53 is stepped so that the thickness of the rear half cylinder minus the mass of the front half cylinder is the same as the mass of the hammer body surface on the front side of the hammer body, ensuring that the overall center of gravity is on the vertical axis.

[0015] Furthermore, the vibration table 6 includes a protective cover 61, a side plate 62, a vibration platform 63, a vibration motor 64, a spring 65 and a boss 66; the anvil 7 has a built-in force sensor 74 between the anvil upper seat 71 and the anvil lower seat 72; the control cabinet 8 can control the motor speed, the vibration frequency of the vibration table 6 and the release of the electromagnet-adsorbed hammer; the vibration platform 63 is provided with an exciting force by the vibration motor 64.

[0016] Furthermore, the force sensor 74 installed inside the anvil 7 is used to measure the force applied to the material in real time during the test.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed dynamic measurement test system for a material crushing process, the system comprising: a high-speed dynamic measurement test device for a material crushing process, a test unit, a collection unit and a calculation unit.

[0018] The test unit is used to test the characterization of various state parameters of material crushing at different loading rates and methods under a high-speed dynamic measurement test machine.

[0019] The acquisition unit is used to record the motion state and temperature change process of particle splashing during the test process through a high-speed camera, an infrared thermal imager, an acceleration sensor, a force sensor, a laser displacement sensor, etc.

[0020] The computing unit is used to process signals from acceleration sensors, force sensors, and laser displacement sensors, analyze high-speed photography and infrared thermal imaging videos, and combine deep learning to study the relationship between factors such as motion state, force, energy, and particle size composition under different loading rates and methods during material crushing.

[0021] Furthermore, the acquisition unit measures the force, acceleration, displacement and temperature changes of the material during the impact crushing process in real time, and verifies the data through a multi-sensor group such as an acceleration sensor, a force sensor, a laser displacement sensor, high-speed photography and infrared thermal imaging, thereby ensuring the real-time and accuracy of the measured data, which is the innovation of the present invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the calculation unit processes the acceleration signal during the material crushing process with the acceleration sensor to obtain the velocity and displacement signals; the force sensor measures the force change and contact time during the crushing process; the laser displacement sensor measures the vertical displacement of the material, which is verified with the calculated value of the acceleration sensor; the high-speed camera tracks the movement of the material and records the crushing process, which is verified with the sensor value; the infrared thermal imager records the material crushing splash and surface temperature. Based on the above data, a neural network is established for training, the measurement indicators are judged, compared and classified, a relationship model between different loading rates and methods and various parameters during the material crushing process is established, and a multi-parameter input, mutually verifiable real-time measurement system for various parameters of the material crushing process is established, which is the innovation of the present invention.

[0023] Working principle of this aspect: The working part of the testing machine is a hammer, which is pulled by a lifting device and adsorbed by an electromagnet; when the electromagnet is released, it falls freely along the smooth guide rail to impact and crush the material on the anvil, or impact-vibration coupled crush the material on the vibration table. By changing the falling height, weight and hammer head form of the hammer, the impact crushing test under different loading rates and methods is studied; the movement state, force and temperature changes of the material during the crushing process are monitored and recorded by a multi-sensor system, a high-speed camera and an infrared thermal imager. The collected data is imported into the computer system, and the deep learning training of the neural network is used to construct the evolution law model of various physical parameters of the material during the impact crushing or impact-vibration coupled crushing under different loading rates and methods, and the dissipated energy during the crushing process is measured.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] (1) The system also includes a test unit, a collection unit and a calculation unit, which can monitor the crushing condition of the material under the impact vibration in real time and accurately.

[0026] The present invention improves the design of components such as smooth guide rails, adjustable hammer heads, and vibration tables based on a drop hammer tester. Aiming at the dynamic crushing process of materials under the coupling of impact and vibration, the present invention can accurately measure various physical parameters of materials in real time, and study the changing laws of various parameter indicators (such as force, particle size composition, energy, etc.) of materials crushed under the coupling of impact and vibration at different loading rates and methods. The test is real-time, accurate, and has small errors.

[0027] (2) Compared with existing equipment, this device adds a vibration table to study the material crushing characteristics under the coupling of impact and vibration, which is closer to actual production needs;

[0028] (3) Traditional drop hammer testers are mostly used to study the impact characteristics of materials or the state and particle size distribution of minerals before and after crushing. They have not conducted in-depth research on the dynamic process of impact crushing and have not paid attention to the dynamic characteristics of material crushing. The equipment of the present invention can study the dynamic process of impact crushing.

[0029] (4) Traditional mineral crushing theories are mostly qualitative descriptions before and after crushing, mainly based on theoretical analysis, lacking real-time and accurate data measurement methods during the crushing process, and unable to guide the design and processing of crushing equipment with scientific and universal crushing theories. The present invention discloses a high-speed dynamic measurement test device and system for material crushing process. Through a high-speed dynamic measurement test machine, an acquisition system and a computing system, the evolution law model of various physical parameters of materials in the process of impact crushing (or impact-vibration coupled crushing) under different loading rates and methods is studied, so as to obtain the dissipated energy of material crushing in real time and accurately, and guide the design, processing and manufacturing of crushing equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2A It is a schematic diagram of the hammer structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2B It is a schematic diagram of the hammer frame structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2C It is a schematic diagram of the hammer body structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2D It is the installation position diagram of the hammer body of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3A Schematic diagram of the vibration table structure of the present invention

[0037] Figure 3B It is the principle diagram of the vibration table of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3C It is the installation position diagram of the vibration table of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting board of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the control buttons of the electric control cabinet of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the system layout of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 The waveform diagram of the vibration and force signal data collected by the present invention.

[0043] In the drawings, the components indicated by the reference numerals are as follows:

[0044] 1 Lifting device 11 Chain 2 frame 21 Smooth rails 22 Base 23 Laser displacement sensor 24 Column 3 Positioning frame 4 Magnet rack 5 Hammer 51 Hammer frame 511 Sleeve 512 Round steel plate 513 Vertical board 514 U-shaped rib plate 515 Horizontal board 516 Front welding plate 517 Linear Bearings 52 Hexagon head screw with hole reinforcement bolt 53 Hammer 531 Rear welding plate 532 Tray surface 533 Tray bottom 54 I-type hexagonal nut 55 Lock nut 56 Counterweight 57 Pallet Column 58 Slotted screw plug 59 Accelerometer 6 Vibration table 61 Protective cover 62 Side panels 63 Vibration Platform 64 Vibration Motor 65 spring 66 Boss 7 Chopping board (material table) 71 Chopping board seat 72 Chopping board lower seat 73 Experimental samples (materials) 74 Force sensor (quartz force sensor) 75 Homemade hexagon socket countersunk screws 8 Control cabinet Specific implementation plan

[0045] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figure 1 The present invention discloses a high-speed dynamic measurement test device for material crushing process, including a lifting device 1, a frame 2, a smooth guide rail 21, a positioning frame 3, a magnet frame 4, a hammer 5, a vibration table 6, anvil 7 and a control cabinet 8. The frame 2 is fixed on the base 22 through a column 24, and the smooth guide rail 21 is located in the middle of the frame 2. A laser displacement sensor 23 is provided on the smooth guide rail 21. Among them, the lifting device 1 is fixedly installed on the top of the frame 2; the hammer 5 is adsorbed on the magnet frame 4, pulled by the lifting device 1, and started and stopped by the control cabinet 8. The position is determined by the positioning frame 3 that can move up and down on the smooth guide rail 21 through bolt adjustment; the magnet frame 4 and the smooth guide rail 21 are slidably connected by a linear bearing 517; the vibration table 6 and the anvil 7 are fixed on the upper part of the base 22 and connected by bolts. The anvil 7 is also a material table, which is used to place the material to be tested, that is, the experimental sample 73.

[0047] Furthermore, the lifting device 1 is composed of a sprocket chain group and a speed regulating motor, which are existing transmission structures, and the sprocket chain group and the speed regulating motor are not marked. The positioning frame 3 can adjust the height up and down, and is limited by bolts on both sides. One end of the chain 11 of the lifting device 1 is connected to the positioning frame 3 and the magnet frame 4 below, and the magnet frame 4 is magnetically connected to the hammer 5 below. The other end of the chain 11 is tied with a lead block with the same mass as the hammer 5 to reduce the force on the chain. The sprocket chain group and the speed regulating motor of the lifting device 1 are installed on the upper part of the frame 2; the lifting device 1 is controlled to start and stop by the control cabinet 8 and the two travel switches installed on the positioning frame 3 and the upper part of the anvil 7.

[0048] Furthermore, the roughness of the smooth guide rail 21 is required to be 1.6 to reduce the friction resistance when the hammer falls; the smooth guide rail 21 is in sliding contact with the linear bearings 517 of the magnet frame 4 and the hammer 5 parts to reduce the resistance generated between the parts during the working process.

[0049] Furthermore, the magnet frame 4 is used to absorb the hammer body 5 and is controlled by the control cabinet 8 to complete the start and stop action.

[0050] like Figure 2AAs shown in FIG. 5 , the main appearance of the hammer body 5 is shown. The hammer body 5 is composed of a hammer body frame 51, a hexagonal head screw with a hole reinforcing rod bolt 52, a hammer body 53, an I-type hexagonal nut 54, a locking nut 55, a counterweight 56, a tray column 57, and a slotted screw plug 58. Figure 2D As shown, the hammer body 5 can move up and down along the smooth guide rail 21 through the hammer body frame 51, and the two parts are connected by the linear bearing 517 inside the sleeve 511; at the same time, the hammer body 5 is adsorbed on the magnet frame 4, pulled by the lifting device 1, and limited by the positioning frame 3 above the magnet frame 4. Two U-shaped rib plates 514 are symmetrically welded on both sides of the longitudinal plate 513, and the round steel plate 512 is welded on the plane of the component, and the sleeve 511 is welded on the left and right sides of the welded part. The welded part is welded to the sleeve 511 with two front welding plates 516, and finally the hammer body frame 51 is formed; the rear welding plate 531 is welded on the tray surface 532, and the bottom of the tray surface 532 is welded on the tray bottom 533 of the stepped cylinder, and the three constitute the hammer body 53 component.

[0051] The overall appearance of the hammer body 5 is innovatively designed, and its own net weight is 20 kg. 5 kg / piece of counterweight blocks 66 can be added, and the maximum weight of the hammer body 5 can reach 80 kg.

[0052] Further, if Figure 2A As shown, the hammer body 5 is designed and processed, and the hexagonal screw with hole reinforcing rod bolt 52 is installed symmetrically; Figure 2B As shown, the hammer frame 51 is symmetrically designed to ensure that the center of gravity of this part passes through the symmetry axis; Figure 2C As shown, the cylindrical bottom surface of the hammer body 53 is processed in a stepped manner, so that the thickness of the rear half of the cylinder minus the mass of the front half of the cylinder is equal to the mass of the front surface of the hammer body, ensuring that the overall center of gravity is on the vertical axis, so that the hammer body 5 does not swing violently forward and backward or left and right during the falling process;

[0053] further, Figure 2A As shown, the counterweight block 56 has threads inside, and the surface of the tray column 57 has threads. The two parts are threadedly connected and fixed by a locking nut 55. The gravity of the falling hammer is changed by changing the weight of the hammer body, thereby adjusting the impact force input during the test.

[0054] Further, if Figure 2C As shown, three threaded holes are processed at the bottom of the tray bottom 533 and blocked with a slotted screw plug 58. A flat head or conical head hammer head can be designed. Figure 2D As shown, hammer heads of different shapes are designed and installed on the bottom of the original hammer body 53 through bolt connection, and the loading mode in the test variable can be adjusted by changing the shape of the loading hammer body.

[0055] The design of the hammer body 5 is an innovation of the present invention. Compared with the traditional equipment, the loading component can adjust its own mass and shape, thereby changing the loading rate and method of the impact test.

[0056] like Figure 1 , Figure 3A The figure shows the overall structure of the vibration table 6. The vibration table 6 is composed of a protective cover 61, a side plate 62, a vibration platform 63, a vibration motor 64, a spring 65 and a boss 66, and is connected to the upper surface of the frame base 22 through the threaded holes on the bottom boss 66, as shown in FIG. Figure 3C As shown. The vibration table 6 is provided with exciting force by two symmetrically arranged vibration motors 64. The vibration motors 64 are bolted to the side plates 62 installed on both sides of the vibration platform 63. The bottom does not contact the frame base 22. The vibration table 6 is in contact with the frame 2 only through four bosses 66, and the vibration is transmitted through the springs 65 installed on the bosses 66. The total mass of the vibration table 6 is 154.07 kg, which is evenly distributed on the four metal springs 65. The spring material is 65Mn, the strength limit is 980 MPa, and it is a type of spring. The amplitude of the vibration table 6 is 1.17 mm, the vibration frequency of the vibration motor 64 is 2850 r / min, the mass is 33 kg, and the maximum exciting force is 8000 N.

[0057] The vibration platform 63 is the innovation of the present invention. A vibration component is added to the previous testing machine. The vibration motor 64 provides the exciting force and studies the crushing characteristics of the material (experimental sample) 73 under the impact-vibration coupling.

[0058] Further, the vibration table 6 is designed as follows: Figure 3B As shown, according to vibration theory, when the eccentric block rotates, the projection of the centrifugal force generated by each eccentric block on the Y axis is:

[0059]

[0060] Where: F1 is the centrifugal force generated by an eccentric mass, N; m is the mass of the eccentric mass, kg; r is the radius of gyration of the center of mass of the eccentric mass, m; w is the angular velocity of gyration of the eccentric mass, rad / s

[0061] The resultant centrifugal force of the eccentric block used in the YY direction is: The direction of the coordinate system Y is upward, and the exciting force is in the upward direction. The mass of the vibration table 6 plus the vibration motor 64 is M, the stiffness of the spring is K, the damping coefficient is C, and the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the mass moving upward are respectively According to Newton's second law, the equation of motion of the mass is listed as:

[0062]

[0063] Solving the above equation yields:

[0064]

[0065] When z0>3, .

[0066] The total mass of the vibration table 6 is 154.07 kg, which is evenly distributed on four metal springs 65. The spring material is 65Mn and the strength limit is =980MPa, a type of spring, =471 MPa, the amplitude of the vibration table 6 is 1.17 mm, the vibration frequency of the vibration motor 64 is 2850 r / min, the mass is 33 kg, and the maximum exciting force is 8000 N.

[0067] Among them, the excitation frequency is:

[0068] The amplitude is calculated according to the formula:

[0069] The preliminary design parameters of the spring are as follows: the wire diameter is d=14 mm, the spring median diameter is D=86 mm, the effective number of turns is n=5, the total number of turns is n1=6.5, and the pitch is p=21 mm.

[0070] Free height: ;

[0071] Compression height: ;

[0072] Spring stiffness: ;

[0073] Static compression of spring: ;

[0074] Natural frequency of the spring: ;

[0075] Frequency ratio: ;

[0076] Spring compression at resonance: ;

[0077] Ultimate load: ;

[0078] Minimum deformation and minimum load during normal operation: , ;

[0079] Maximum deformation and maximum load during normal operation: , ;

[0080] Winding ratio: ;

[0081] Curvature coefficient: ;

[0082] Ultimate shear stress: ;

[0083] Minimum shear stress: ;

[0084] Maximum shear stress: ;

[0085] The number of variable load actions is 10 7 Select, ;

[0086] The fatigue safety factor is ;

[0087] The stability calculation is , you can use springs to fix both ends.

[0088] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, the anvil 7 includes an upper anvil base 71, a lower anvil base 72 and a force sensor 74. The experimental sample (material) 73 to be tested is placed on the anvil 7, and the force sensor 74 is installed between the upper anvil base 71 and the lower anvil base 72. In this embodiment, the force sensor 74 is a quartz force sensor, which is used to measure the force condition of the experimental sample (material) 73 during the test.

[0089] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, the control cabinet 8 is divided into automatic and manual modes, which can control the start and stop of the lifting device 1, the electromagnet on the magnet frame 4, and the vibration motor 64 in the vibration table 6, and at the same time control the signal acquisition equipment to collect sensor data during the test, and have an interface for communication with the computer to facilitate data processing.

[0090] Furthermore, the functions of the control buttons of the electric control cabinet 8 are as follows: the "motor up" and "motor down" buttons control the forward and reverse rotation of the reduction motor of the lifting device 1 to lift and lower the hammer 5; the "motor speed regulation" button is used to adjust the lifting and lowering speeds; the "motor stop" button is used to stop the reduction motor, and the locking structure of the reduction motor keeps the hammer 5 at a specific position at a constant height; the "up limit" and "down limit" are indications of the travel switch on the testing machine, which are used to control the maximum height and minimum height of the hammer 5 respectively to prevent collisions between parts; "magnet start" and "magnet stop" are used to control the power on and off of the electromagnet; the "vibration start" and "vibration stop" buttons are used to control the start and stop of the two vibration motors 64 at the same time; the "vibration speed regulation" button is used to adjust the vibration frequency of the vibration motor 64; the "emergency stop" button is used to cut off the power in time when a safety accident occurs; the "motor failure" is used to indicate a circuit failure of the equipment; the "one-button start" is an operation in the automatic mode, as described later; the "manual / automatic" button is used to adjust the equipment control mode.

[0091] Furthermore, the electric control cabinet 8 controls the test device in two modes: a main body electric control mode and a vibration motor electric control mode.

[0092] The main body electric control mode has the following operating steps: ① After the test preparation is completed, turn on the power supply, the reduction motor is powered on and the speed can be adjusted in forward rotation, driving the lifting device 1 to control the magnet frame 4 to descend and contact the hammer 5, and the reduction motor stops; ② Turn on the electromagnet power supply to attract the hammer 5; ③ The reduction motor is powered on and the speed can be adjusted in reverse rotation. When it rises to the position of the positioning frame 3, the reduction motor is powered off through the travel switch; ④ Disconnect the electromagnet power supply to release the hammer 6; various monitoring equipment such as laser displacement sensor 23, acceleration sensor 59, force sensor 74, infrared thermal imager and high-speed camera record the crushing process data; ⑤ Repeat steps ① to ④.

[0093] The operation steps of the electric control mode of the vibration motor 64 are as follows: ① Power on, the vibration motor 64 moves synchronously, and the vibration frequency can be adjusted; ② After the test is completed, power off. The operation of the control cabinet 8 belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0094] A material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test system comprises a material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test unit, a collection unit and a calculation unit.

[0095] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the system layout of the present invention shows that the material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test device of the present invention is composed of multiple sensors, infrared thermal imagers, high-speed cameras and data processing computers. Figure 6As shown, the test unit, i.e., the high-speed dynamic measurement test device for material crushing process of the present invention, is used to test the characterization of various state parameters of material crushing at different loading rates and methods under a high-speed dynamic measurement test machine.

[0096] The acquisition unit is used to record the motion state and temperature change process of the particles splashing during the test through a high-speed camera, an infrared thermal imager, a laser displacement sensor 23, an acceleration sensor 59 and a force sensor 74; Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it is a waveform diagram of the vibration and force signal data collected by the present invention, wherein channel 1 is an acceleration sensor collecting data, and when the hammer falls, an acceleration change waveform is generated, thereby calculating the maximum acceleration, corresponding speed and falling displacement of the hammer; channel 2 is the impact force data collected by the force sensor, which can record the force process and duration, and then judge the specific crushing characteristics of the material after being subjected to the impact force.

[0097] The computing unit is used to process the signals of the acceleration sensor 59, the force sensor 74, and the laser displacement sensor 23, analyze the high-speed photography and infrared thermal imaging videos, and study the relationship between factors such as the motion state, force, energy, and particle size composition under different loading rates and methods during the material crushing process.

[0098] Furthermore, the acquisition unit records the physical picture of the test process through an ordinary camera; the data images collected in real time by the force sensor 74 and the acceleration sensor 59 during the test are imported into the computer design program through the data acquisition instrument, and the peak in the figure is the entire process of contacting and crushing the material; the high-speed photography screenshots taken during the test, the high-speed photography output end is connected to the computer, and can be observed in real time from the computer; the infrared thermal image screenshots taken during the test, the infrared thermal image is recorded using special software and output to the computer. Through the mutual verification of multiple sensor groups such as the acceleration sensor 59, the force sensor 74, the laser displacement sensor 23, high-speed photography and infrared thermal imaging, the force, acceleration, displacement and temperature changes of the material during the impact crushing process can be measured in real time. Figure 7As shown, the force sensor 74 has a range of 300kN and a sensitivity of 4pc / N; the acceleration sensor 59 has a frequency range of 0.5-12000Hz, a sensitivity of 100mV / g, and a range of 50g; the laser displacement sensor 23 has a measurement distance of ±39mm, and a minimum display unit of 0.01 µm; the high-speed camera has a frame rate of 1000 frames / second, a resolution of 1280×1024, and a pixel size of 12µm×12µm; the infrared thermal imager has a measurement range of -20℃-120℃, a resolution of 320×240, and an accuracy of ±2℃. The acquisition unit is the innovation of the present invention. Based on the previous equipment sensor data monitoring, it uses the synergy of multi-sensors, high-speed photography, and infrared thermal imaging to collect more and more accurate real-time crushing data. The results of different devices are mutually verified, which improves the scientificity and accuracy of the measured data.

[0099] Furthermore, the calculation unit processes the acceleration signal of the material crushing process with the acceleration sensor 59 to obtain the speed and displacement signals; the force sensor 74 measures the force change and contact time during the crushing process; the laser displacement sensor 23 measures the vertical displacement of the material, which is verified with the calculated value of the acceleration sensor 59; the high-speed photography tracks the movement of the material and records the crushing process, which is mutually verified with the sensor value; the infrared thermal imager records the material crushing splash and surface temperature. Based on the above data, a neural network is established for training, the measurement indicators are judged, compared and classified, and a relationship model between different loading rates and methods and various parameters in the material crushing process is established. A multi-parameter input, mutually verifiable real-time measurement system for various parameters in the material crushing process is established, which can realize the real-time acquisition of the dynamic change process of various physical parameters of the material during the test and predict the results, which is the innovation of the present invention.

[0100] The working process of the present invention is realized as follows: the working part of the testing machine is a hammer 5, which is pulled by a lifting device 1 and adsorbed by an electromagnet on a magnet frame 4; when the electromagnet is released, it falls freely along a smooth guide rail 21, and the material 73 on the anvil 7 is impact-crushed or the material on the vibration table 6 is impact-vibration coupled crushed. By changing the falling height, weight and hammer head form of the hammer 5, the impact crushing test under different loading rates and modes is studied; the movement state, force and temperature changes of the material during the crushing process are monitored and recorded by a multi-sensor system (including a laser displacement sensor 23, an acceleration sensor 59 and a force sensor 74), a high-speed camera and an infrared thermal imager. The collected data is imported into a computer system, and a neural network deep learning training is used to construct an evolution law model of various physical parameters of the material during the impact crushing (or impact-vibration coupled crushing) process under different loading rates and modes, and the dissipated energy during the crushing process is measured. The present invention uses a high-speed dynamic measurement test system, an acquisition system and a computing system to study the evolution law model of various physical parameters of materials during impact crushing (or impact-vibration coupled crushing) under different loading rates and methods, so as to obtain the dissipated energy of material crushing in real time and accurately, and guide the design, processing and manufacturing of crushing equipment.

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0102] References

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Claims

1. A high-speed dynamic measurement test device for a material crushing process, comprising a lifting device (1), a frame (2), a positioning frame (3), a magnet frame (4), a hammer (5), a vibration table (6), an anvil (7) and a control cabinet (8), wherein the frame (2) is fixed to a base (22) through a column (24), a smooth guide rail (21) is located in the middle of the frame (2), and the positioning frame (3) is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the smooth guide rail (21); the lifting device (1) is fixedly mounted on the top of the frame (2), the lifting device (1) is composed of a sprocket chain group and a speed regulating motor, and the other end of the chain (11) of the lifting device (1) is tied with a lead block having a mass equal to that of the hammer (5); the vibration table (6) is arranged on the base (22), and the magnet frame (4) is characterized in that: One end of the chain (11) passes through the positioning frame (3) and is connected to the magnet frame (4) below the positioning frame (3); the hammer (5) is adsorbed on the magnet frame (4); when the chain (11) moves up and down, it drives the magnet frame (4) to move up and down; The hammer body (5) is equipped with an acceleration sensor, the weight is changed by adding a counterweight, and hammer heads of different shapes are installed at the bottom to adjust the loading rate and mode. Three threaded holes are processed at the bottom of the hammer body and blocked with a slotted screw plug (58). The hammer head is designed to be a flat head or a conical head hammer head; The acquisition unit is used to record the motion state and temperature change process of particle splashing during the test through a high-speed camera, an infrared thermal imager, and a laser displacement sensor. The acquisition unit measures the force, acceleration, displacement, and temperature change of the material during the impact crushing process in real time, and verifies each other through a multi-sensor group of acceleration sensors, force sensors, laser displacement sensors, high-speed photography, and infrared thermal imaging; The calculation unit is used to process the signals of the acceleration sensor, the force sensor, and the laser displacement sensor, analyze the high-speed photography and infrared thermal imaging videos, and study the relationship between the motion state, force, energy, and particle size components under different loading rates and methods during the material crushing process. The calculation unit processes the acceleration signal of the material crushing process according to the acceleration sensor to obtain the velocity and displacement signals; the force sensor measures the change of force and contact time during the crushing process; the laser displacement sensor measures the vertical displacement of the material and verifies it with the calculated value of the acceleration sensor; the high-speed photography tracks the motion state of the material and records the crushing process, which is verified with the sensor value; the infrared thermal imager records the material crushing splash and surface temperature.

2. The material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The magnet frame (4) is positioned by a positioning frame (3) and is connected to a smooth guide rail (21) via a linear bearing (517). The magnet frame (4) and the smooth guide rail (21) are slidably connected via the linear bearing (517). The hammer (5) is adsorbed on the magnet frame (4), pulled by the lifting device (1), and limited by the positioning frame (3) above the magnet frame (4).

3. The material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The roughness of the smooth guide rail (21) is 1.

6.

4. The material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The counterweight block (56) has threads inside, and the surface of the tray column (33) has threads. The two components are threadedly connected and fixed by a locking nut (55). The gravity of the falling hammer is changed by changing the weight of the hammer body, thereby adjusting the impact force input during the test.

5. The material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The hammer body (5), the hexagonal screw with hole reinforcing rod bolt (52) are installed symmetrically in both positive and negative directions; the hammer body frame (51) is symmetrically designed to ensure that the center of gravity of this part passes through the symmetry axis; the cylindrical bottom surface of the hammer body (53) is processed in a stepped manner so that the thickness of the rear half cylinder minus the mass of the front half cylinder is the same as the mass of the hammer body front surface, ensuring that the overall center of gravity is on the vertical axis.

6. The material crushing process high-speed dynamic measurement test device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The vibration table (6) comprises a vibration platform (63), a vibration motor (64), a spring (65) and an anvil (7), wherein the anvil (7) has a built-in force sensor (74); the control cabinet (8) controls the speed regulating device, the vibration table and the electromagnet adsorption; the vibration platform (63) is provided with an exciting force by the vibration motor (64).

7. The high-speed dynamic measurement test device for material crushing process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The vibration table (6) is designed according to vibration theory. When the eccentric block rotates, the projection of the centrifugal force generated by each eccentric block on the Y axis is: Where: F1 is the centrifugal force generated by an eccentric mass, N; m is the mass of the eccentric mass, kg; r is the radius of gyration of the center of mass of the eccentric mass; w is the angular velocity of gyration of the eccentric mass, rad / s; The resultant centrifugal force of the eccentric block used in the YY direction is: ; The direction of the coordinate system Y is upward, and the direction of the exciting force is upward; the mass of the vibration table (6) plus the vibration motor (64) is M, the stiffness of the spring is K, the damping coefficient is C, and the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the mass moving upward are respectively ; According to Newton's second law, the equation of motion of the mass is listed as: Solving the above equation yields: Among them, A is amplitude; z0 is frequency ratio; when z0>3, .

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