Transparent solar cell and electronic device including the same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transparent solar cell and an electronic device comprising the same. The transparent solar cell has two structures, wherein the first structure comprises a transparent substrate, a transparent anode layer, a PV photovoltaic layer, a transparent cathode layer, a cathode protection layer, a transparent desiccant layer, a transparent back cover and a sealant for bonding the transparent substrate and the transparent back cover in a stacked manner; the transparent desiccant layer comprises a quantum dot nano material. The second structure comprises a transparent substrate, a transparent anode layer, a PV photovoltaic layer, a transparent cathode layer, a cathode protection layer, a sealant and a transparent back cover in a stacked manner; the sealant also comprises a quantum dot nano material. The electronic device of the present invention comprises any one of the above two transparent solar cells, and a display of the electronic device is arranged under the battery; in the display area corresponding to the display, the solar cell is provided with a hollow structure, and the transparent anode layer, the PV photovoltaic layer and the transparent cathode layer are not arranged in the hollow structure. The power generation efficiency of the transparent solar cell of the present invention is relatively high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the product design and manufacturing field of display and solar cell devices, and in particular to a transparent solar cell and an electronic device containing the same. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid development of electronic technology, people are becoming more and more dependent on various portable electronic products. Taking mobile phones as an example, there is already a situation where one person consumes and uses multiple devices! However, the biggest problem that currently troubles consumers is not the performance and appearance of the product, but the product's battery life and the power supply emergency plan in the event of an emergency or emergency. Although product development engineers are still racking their brains and trying every possible way to increase the power capacity of the power supply, they still cannot solve the emergency situation. The only way to solve this problem is to configure an additional solar cell for various electronic devices. Among the solar cells that can be effectively applied to various portable electronic devices, non-silicon-based amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells are still the main ones, but their photoelectric conversion efficiency is relatively low, only 5%-7.5%, which cannot meet the continuous power supply of high-power electronic devices such as mobile phones and tablets. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new generation of high-efficiency solar cell devices to solve this problem. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention discloses a transparent solar cell and an electronic device comprising the same, aiming to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a transparent solar cell, comprising:

[0006] A transparent substrate, a transparent anode layer, a PV photovoltaic layer, a transparent cathode layer, a transparent cathode layer protective layer, a transparent desiccant layer, a transparent back cover and a sealant for bonding the transparent substrate and the transparent back cover are stacked; wherein the transparent desiccant layer material component includes 3% to 20% by weight of quantum dot nanomaterials, and the quantum dot nanomaterials are uniformly or randomly distributed in the transparent desiccant layer.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, the transparent desiccant layer is made of a transparent liquid comprising a mixture of liquid organic metal compound aluminum alcoholate and liquid organic polymer resin, and the aluminum alcoholate is a mixture of aluminum isopropoxide and its derivatives and / or aluminum n-propoxide and its derivatives.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, it is characterized in that the transparent desiccant layer is made of a transparent liquid mixed with perchlorate, polyethylene glycol ester and modified acrylic resin.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, the refractive index of the transparent cathode layer protection layer is n>1.6 when the wavelength of light is 550nm.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the material of the transparent cathode layer protection layer is an organic insulating material including small molecules or polymers; or a mixed material including a photosensitizer and an inorganic SiOx liquid material.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the transparent substrate or the transparent back cover is provided with a water and oxygen barrier film layer, which is a single-layer film or a multi-layer film made by overlapping organic film layers and / or inorganic film layers.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the transparent substrate is provided with an external lead of the transparent cathode layer, the PV photovoltaic layer is provided with at least one via hole, the transparent cathode layer passes through the via hole, and is overlapped and connected with the external lead to form an extraction electrode of the transparent cathode layer, and the diameter of the via hole is less than 10μm; or the transparent cathode layer is arranged on the surface of the PV photovoltaic layer and extends to the periphery of the PV photovoltaic layer, and is overlapped and connected with the external lead to form an extraction electrode of the transparent cathode layer.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, an insulating film layer is provided on the inner wall of the via hole or the outer cross-section of the PV photovoltaic layer.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides another transparent solar cell, comprising:

[0015] A transparent substrate, a transparent anode layer, a PV photovoltaic layer, a transparent cathode layer, a transparent cathode layer protective layer, a sealant and a transparent back cover are stacked; the sealant is an organic polymer resin mixed with a water and oxygen adsorbent; the water and oxygen adsorbent is one or more of calcium oxide, aluminum alcohol or perchlorate; the sealant also includes 3% to 20% by weight of quantum dot nanomaterials; the sealant is a sheet-like, solid structure, which completely covers the PV photovoltaic layer and extends to the periphery of the PV photovoltaic layer structure, effectively bonding the transparent substrate and the transparent back cover in the peripheral area.

[0016] In the third aspect, the present invention also proposes an electronic device, comprising any one of the above-mentioned transparent solar cells, wherein a display of the electronic device is arranged below the transparent solar cell; within the display area of ​​the corresponding display, the solar cell is provided with a hollow area, and a transparent anode layer, a PV photovoltaic layer and a transparent cathode layer are not arranged in the hollow area, and the hollow area occupies more than 85% of the display area of ​​the corresponding display.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: (1) The first transparent solar cell structure of the present invention includes a transparent cathode layer protection layer and a transparent desiccant layer. Furthermore, quantum dot nanomaterials are added to the transparent desiccant. When the external ambient light is incident and enters the PV photovoltaic layer, there is still a part of the light that cannot be absorbed by the PV photovoltaic layer. The light that passes through the transparent cathode layer continues to move forward and enters the transparent desiccant layer. At this time, the quantum dot nanomaterial in the transparent desiccant layer can absorb this part of the light and excite light with a wavelength greater than the absorbed light wave. After scattering by the transparent desiccant layer, part of the excited light can be randomly incident from one side of the transparent cathode layer into the PV photovoltaic layer, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency of the solar cell; (2) The second transparent solar cell structure of the present invention adds a water oxygen adsorbent and a quantum dot nanomaterial to the solid sealant; the PV photovoltaic layer is completely covered and extended to the periphery of the PV photovoltaic layer structure, and the transparent substrate and the transparent back cover are effectively bonded together in the peripheral area. , preventing the influence of water and oxygen on the performance of solar cells. At the same time, adding quantum dot nanomaterials can also increase the power generation efficiency of solar cells; (3) When the electronic device uses the transparent solar cell, when the display of the electronic device is arranged under the transparent solar cell, the solar cell is provided with a hollow area in the display area of ​​the corresponding display. The transparent anode layer, PV photovoltaic layer and transparent cathode layer in the hollow area are in a hollowed-out state. At this time, the transparent desiccant layer can not only absorb the light from the external environment after transmitting through the PV photovoltaic layer, but also absorb the light emitted from one side of the display, and stimulate the light with a wavelength longer than the absorbed wavelength. After being scattered by the transparent desiccant layer, it is obliquely incident from the side of the transparent cathode layer into the PV photovoltaic layer, further increasing the power generation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a transparent solar cell provided by Example 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a structure of a transparent cathode layer and a lead wire overlapped provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another structure of overlapping of a transparent cathode layer and a lead provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of another transparent solar cell provided in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0022] Description of reference numerals:

[0023] 1-transparent substrate; 2-transparent anode layer; 3-anode auxiliary electrode layer; 4-PV photovoltaic layer; 5-transparent cathode layer; 6-transparent cathode layer protection layer; 7-transparent desiccant layer; 8-transparent back cover; 9-sealing glue; 10-insulating film layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings.

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0026] like Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transparent solar cell structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and the solar cell structure includes:

[0027] A stacked transparent substrate 1, a transparent anode layer 2, an anode auxiliary electrode layer 3, a PV photovoltaic layer 4, a transparent cathode layer 5, a transparent cathode layer protection layer 6, a transparent desiccant layer 7, a transparent back cover 8, and a sealing glue 9 for bonding the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent back cover 8;

[0028] Preferably, the material components of the transparent desiccant layer 7 include 3% to 20% of quantum dot nanomaterials by weight, and the quantum dot nanomaterials are evenly or randomly distributed in the transparent desiccant layer 7. When the ambient light is incident and enters the PV photovoltaic layer 4, there is still a part of the light that cannot be absorbed by the PV photovoltaic layer 4, and the light that passes through the transparent cathode layer 5 continues to move forward and enters the transparent desiccant layer 7. At this time, the quantum dot nanomaterial in the transparent desiccant layer 7 can absorb this part of the light and excite light that is larger than the wavelength of the absorbed light wave. After being scattered by the transparent desiccant layer 7, part of the excited light can be randomly incident from one side of the transparent cathode layer 5 into the PV photovoltaic layer, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency of the solar cell.

[0029] Preferably, the transparent desiccant layer 7 is made of two materials, wherein the first is a transparent liquid desiccant mainly composed of 50%-90% by weight of liquid organic metal compound aluminum alcohol (a mixture of aluminum isopropoxide and its derivatives and / or aluminum n-propoxide and its derivatives) and 5%-50% by weight of liquid organic polymer resin, which has extremely strong water and oxygen adsorption characteristics and will not react chemically with the transparent cathode layer 5 and the transparent cathode layer protective layer 6. Therefore, when using such a transparent desiccant, the transparent cathode layer protective layer 6 may not be used. The second is a transparent liquid desiccant mixed with 10%-15% by weight of perchlorate, 60%-80% by weight of polyethylene glycol ester, 5%-15% by weight of modified acrylic resin and a small amount of 1%-5% by weight of additives in a certain proportion. Since such desiccant may corrode some transparent cathode layer 5 materials, such as metals or alloys, when such materials are used, the transparent cathode layer 5 must be protected, that is, a transparent cathode layer protection layer 6 is formed on the outer surface of the transparent cathode layer. The perchlorate is mainly composed of lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, etc., which are formed by combining metals of the first main group, the second main group and the third main group with perchloric acid.

[0030] Preferably, the coating amount of the transparent desiccant layer 7 needs to be set in equal amounts according to the volume of the sealed chamber formed by the transparent substrate 1, the transparent back cover 8 and the edge sealant 9 of the solar cell device to avoid the formation of bubbles in the sealed chamber, thereby affecting the display effect of the display arranged below the transparent solar cell device.

[0031] Preferably, the transparent cathode layer protection layer 6 is made of an organic insulating material mainly composed of small molecules or polymers, or a mixed material mainly composed of a photosensitizer and an inorganic SiOx liquid material, or a high-transmittance optical film composed of a multilayer film formed by overlapping organic and inorganic materials. The film layer is generally made with the help of a mask (MASK) or by coating with high-precision equipment, and avoids covering the electrode lead area.

[0032] Preferably, when the transparent cathode layer protective layer 6 is made by thermal evaporation, a protective layer film with a thickness greater than 10nm can be first evaporated, and then a mask with preset openings of different shapes can be used to form different three-dimensional structures of nanometer scale on the surface of the transparent cathode layer protective layer 6. For example, when a mask with circular openings is used, a hemispherical micro-nano structure can be formed on the surface of the transparent cathode layer protective layer; when a mask with regular triangle openings is used, a regular tetrahedron-shaped micro-nano structure can be formed on the surface of the transparent cathode layer protective layer; when a mask with square openings is used, a regular tetrahedron-shaped micro-nano structure can be formed on the surface of the transparent cathode layer protective layer. These structures can further improve the utilization rate of light incident from one side of the transparent back cover 8, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device.

[0033] Preferably, the transparent cathode layer protection layer 6 has a relatively high refractive index, n>1.6, at a light wavelength of 550 nm, so as to effectively improve the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell device and the light extraction efficiency of the display below.

[0034] like Figure 2-3 As shown, preferably, the transparent substrate 1 is provided with an external lead of the transparent cathode layer 5, and the transparent cathode layer 5 and the external lead are generally overlapped and connected in the following two ways. One way is that at least one via is provided in the PV photovoltaic layer 4, and the transparent cathode layer passes through the via and is overlapped and connected with the external lead preset on the transparent substrate 1 to form a lead-out electrode of the transparent cathode layer, wherein the diameter of the via is less than 10 μm. Another way is to extend the transparent cathode layer to the periphery of the PV photovoltaic layer 4, and connect it to the external lead preset on the transparent substrate 1 to form a lead-out electrode of the transparent cathode layer. Preferably, in the second way, the overlapping area of ​​the transparent cathode layer at the periphery of the photovoltaic layer 4 and the external lead is greater than 20 square microns. The lead-out electrode of the transparent cathode layer and the transparent anode wiring are in the same plane, which is convenient for the implementation of the electrode binding process.

[0035] Preferably, an insulating film layer 10 is provided on the inner wall of the via hole and the outer cross section of the PV photovoltaic layer 4 to ensure that the transparent cathode layer 5 does not contact the cross section of the PV photovoltaic layer 4, so that leakage does not occur, further ensuring the electrical performance of the solar cell device.

[0036] Preferably, the insulating film layer 10 may be made of an organic polymer material or an inorganic silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or a multilayer film formed by overlapping organic and inorganic materials.

[0037] Preferably, the transparent cathode layer 5 is generally made of metal oxides, such as ITO, AZO, FTO, ATO, etc., nanosilver, metal single substance or alloy, such as magnesium, silver single substance or alloy, or high conductivity organic polymer material, such as PEDOT:PSS, etc. When the transparent cathode layer 5 is made of metal oxides, nanosilver, and high conductivity organic polymer materials, its thickness range is set in the range of 20nm-5μm. When the transparent cathode layer 5 is made of metal single substance or alloy material, its thickness needs to be set in the range of 10-30nm.

[0038] Preferably, the transparent anode layer 2 is generally made of metal oxides such as ITO, AZO, FTO, ATO, etc., nanosilver, metal single substance or alloy, such as magnesium, silver single substance or alloy, or organic polymer materials with high conductivity, such as PEDOT:PSS, etc. When the transparent anode layer 2 is made of metal oxides, nanosilver, and organic polymer materials with high conductivity, its thickness range is set within the range of 20nm-5μm. When the transparent cathode layer is made of metal single substance or alloy material, its thickness needs to be set within the range of 10-30nm.

[0039] Preferably, the transparent anode layer 2 may also be provided with an anode auxiliary electrode layer 3 to better improve the conductivity of the electrode, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell device. The material of the anode auxiliary electrode includes but is not limited to single substances or alloys of metals such as silver, aluminum, gold, copper, platinum, etc. with excellent conductivity.

[0040] Preferably, the transparent substrate 1 includes but is not limited to rigid glass, quartz, or bendable organic polymer materials, including but not limited to PET, CPI, PEN, COP, PC, PMMA, etc. A water and oxygen barrier film layer is made on one or more surfaces of the transparent substrate 1. The water and oxygen barrier film layer is generally made of organic film layers and / or inorganic film layers overlapped with each other, and has a single-layer film or a multi-layer film with water and oxygen barrier function. The water vapor barrier effect is evaluated by the WVTR (water vapor transmission rate) value, and the WVTR range is 1E-2 to 1E-6 (g / m 2 / day).

[0041] Preferably, the transparent back cover 8 includes but is not limited to rigid glass, quartz, or bendable organic polymer materials, including but not limited to aluminum foil, PET, CPI, PEN, COP, PC, PMMA, etc. A water and oxygen barrier film layer is made on one or more surfaces of the back cover. The water and oxygen barrier film layer is generally made of organic film layers and / or inorganic film layers overlapped with each other, and has a single-layer film or a multi-layer film with water and oxygen barrier function. The water vapor barrier effect is evaluated by the WVTR value. The WVTR range is 1E-2 to 1E-6 (g / m 2 / day).

[0042] Preferably, the material of the sealant 9 includes but is not limited to TFE film packaging or a water-oxygen barrier film material with a substrate of organic material entities such as PET, PEN, COP, CPI, PC, etc., supplemented by surface coating treatment. The surface coating treatment of the water-oxygen barrier film material includes conventional aluminum plating, or a single-layer film or multi-layer film with overlapping organic film layers and / or inorganic film layers and having water-oxygen barrier function. The water vapor barrier effect is evaluated by the WVTR value, and the WVTR range is 1E-2 to 1E-6 (g / m 2 / day). Example 2

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of another transparent solar cell structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and the solar cell structure includes: a stacked transparent substrate 1, a transparent anode layer 2, an anode auxiliary electrode layer 3, a PV photovoltaic layer 4, a transparent cathode layer 5, a transparent cathode layer protection layer 6, a sealant 9 and a transparent back cover 8; the sealant 9 is an organic polymer resin mixed with a water and oxygen adsorbent; the water and oxygen adsorbent is one or more of calcium oxide, aluminum alcohol or perchlorate; the sealant 9 also includes a quantum dot nanomaterial with a wt% of 3% to 20%; the sealant 9 is a sheet-like, solid structure, which completely covers the PV photovoltaic layer 4 and extends to the periphery of the PV photovoltaic layer 4 structure, and effectively bonds the transparent substrate 1 and the transparent back cover 8 in the peripheral area.

[0044] In the solar cell of this structure, water oxygen adsorbent and quantum dot nanomaterials are added to the sealant 9, which can prevent the influence of water oxygen on the performance of the solar cell on the one hand, and also improve the power generation efficiency of the solar cell on the other hand. Example 3

[0045] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including the transparent solar cell of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, and the display of the electronic device is arranged below the transparent solar cell; in the display area of ​​the corresponding display, the solar cell is provided with a hollow area, and the transparent anode layer 2, the PV photovoltaic layer 4 and the transparent cathode layer 5 are not arranged in the hollow area, and the area of ​​the hollow area accounts for more than 85% of the display area of ​​the corresponding display. In this electronic device, the transparent desiccant layer 7 can not only absorb the light of the external environment after transmitting the PV photovoltaic layer 4, but also absorb the light emitted from one side of the display at the same time, and stimulate the light wave with a wavelength longer than the wavelength of the absorbed light wave, which is scattered by the transparent desiccant layer 7 and obliquely incident from the side of the transparent cathode layer 5 into the PV photovoltaic layer 4, further increasing the power generation efficiency.

Claims

1. A transparent solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a stacked transparent substrate, a transparent anode layer, a PV photovoltaic layer, a transparent cathode layer, a transparent desiccant layer, a transparent back cover and a sealant for bonding the transparent substrate and the transparent back cover; wherein the material components of the transparent desiccant layer include 3% to 20% by weight of quantum dot nanomaterials, and the quantum dot nanomaterials are evenly or randomly distributed in the transparent desiccant layer; the transparent desiccant layer is made of a transparent liquid mixed with a liquid organic metal compound aluminum alcohol and a liquid organic polymer resin; the aluminum alcohol is a mixture of aluminum isopropoxide and its derivatives and / or aluminum n-propoxide and its derivatives; or, The transparent solar cell comprises a stacked transparent substrate, a transparent anode layer, a PV photovoltaic layer, a transparent cathode layer, a transparent cathode layer protective layer, a transparent desiccant layer, a transparent back cover, and a sealant for bonding the transparent substrate and the transparent back cover; wherein the material components of the transparent desiccant layer include 3% to 20% by weight of quantum dot nanomaterials, and the quantum dot nanomaterials are uniformly or randomly distributed in the transparent desiccant layer; the transparent desiccant layer is made of a transparent liquid mixed with perchlorate, polyethylene glycol ester, and modified acrylic resin; The quantum dot nanomaterials in the transparent desiccant layer can absorb part of the light passing through the transparent cathode layer and stimulate light with a wavelength greater than the absorbed light wave. After being scattered by the transparent desiccant layer, part of the stimulated light can be randomly incident into the PV photovoltaic layer from one side of the transparent cathode layer.

2. A transparent solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the wavelength of light is 550 nm, the refractive index of the transparent cathode layer protection layer is n>1.

6.

3. A transparent solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent substrate or the transparent back cover is provided with a water and oxygen barrier film layer, and the water and oxygen barrier film layer is a single-layer film or a multi-layer film made by overlapping organic film layers and / or inorganic film layers.

4. A transparent solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transparent substrate is provided with an external lead of the transparent cathode layer, the PV photovoltaic layer is provided with at least one via hole, the transparent cathode layer passes through the via hole, is overlapped and connected with the external lead, to form an extraction electrode of the transparent cathode layer, and the diameter of the via hole is less than 10 μm; or the transparent cathode layer is provided on the surface of the PV photovoltaic layer and extends to the periphery of the PV photovoltaic layer, is overlapped and connected with the external lead, to form an extraction electrode of the transparent cathode layer.

5. A transparent solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: An insulating film layer is provided on the inner wall of the via hole or the outer cross section of the PV photovoltaic layer.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that: It comprises a transparent solar cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the display of the electronic device is arranged below the transparent solar cell; in a display area corresponding to the display, the solar cell is provided with a hollow area, and a transparent anode layer, a PV photovoltaic layer and a transparent cathode layer are not arranged in the hollow area; the area of ​​the hollow area accounts for more than 85% of the area of ​​the display area corresponding to the display.

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