Storage battery and vehicle equipped with the same

Abstract

The battery (3) includes: at least one component (5) of an energy storage cell (7) having opposing large face portions (9) separated from each other by gaps (19); a plurality of partitions (25) in each gap (19) defining a plurality of channels (27) for circulation of heat transfer fluid therebetween; and a circuit (31) for cooling the energy storage cell (7) including a plurality of distribution channels (35) formed between the bottom (21) of the battery and the lower portion (11) of the energy storage cell (7), the distribution channels (35) distributing heat transfer fluid in the circulation channels (27) of all gaps (19).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention generally relates to storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] The energy storage cells of such batteries can be cooled by immersion in a dielectric fluid. In this case, one possibility is to arrange the circulation of the dielectric fluid so that it flows in contact with the three small faces of the energy storage cell. This cooling method is more efficient than conventional energy storage battery cooling systems, in which the heat transfer fluid circulates outside the battery in contact with the bottom of the energy storage cell resting thereon.

[0003] In addition, battery cooling is crucial for battery life in certain situations, especially during rapid recharging. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In this context, the object of the present invention is to provide a battery that can more effectively cool individual cells.

[0005] Therefore, according to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a storage battery comprising:

[0006] - At least one component (set) of a battery cell, each battery cell having two large faces perpendicular to the main direction and a bottom face connecting the two large faces to each other, the battery cells being aligned in the main direction and forming a straight row, wherein two adjacent battery cells in the straight row have opposing large faces separated from each other by a gap.

[0007] - Multiple separators in each gap, which define multiple channels between them for the circulation of heat transfer fluid that comes into contact with the large face of the gap.

[0008] - The bottom extending below the battery cell, which is opposite to the lower part of the battery cell;

[0009] - The cooling circuit of the battery cell includes an upstream collector and multiple distribution channels fluidly connected to the upstream collector. The distribution channels extend in the main direction and are arranged between the bottom and the lower part of the battery cell. The distribution channels distribute heat transfer fluid to the circulation channels in all gaps.

[0010] Therefore, the circulation of the heat transfer fluid is organized so that the fluid circulates in contact with the large surface area of ​​the battery cell. This contributes to particularly effective cooling. In practice, these cells include an outer casing that defines a large surface area into which several windings are inserted. These windings include at least one cathode and anode assembly separated by separators. The windings are in contact with almost the entire surface of the large surface area. During the charging and discharging of the battery cell, it is primarily the windings that generate heat due to conductivity, thus heating the large surface area of ​​the battery.

[0011] The aforementioned separators allow for the arrangement of multiple circulation channels in each gap, thus properly guiding the heat transfer fluid in contact with the large surface area, thereby achieving good cooling of the battery cells.

[0012] The distribution channels extending below the cell can cool the underside of the battery cell and distribute the heat transfer fluid to the circulation channels in all gaps.

[0013] The storage battery may also have one or more of the following characteristics, either individually or in any technically feasible combination:

[0014] - In each gap, the separator is a strip of plastic material placed against the two large surfaces that define the gap;

[0015] - The battery includes a separator in each gap parallel to two large faces that define the gap, each separator including at least one strip of plastic material placed on one side of the separator, preferably two strips of plastic material placed on both sides of the separator, the two strips of plastic material resting against the two large faces;

[0016] - In each gap, the divider is a relief set in at least one large face that defines the gap;

[0017] - The battery includes a spacer structure placed on the bottom, the spacer structure including multiple profiles extending along the main direction, the profiles defining distribution channels between them;

[0018] - The battery includes two lateral reinforcements for each component of the energy storage cell, the two lateral reinforcements extending in the main direction and defining a compartment between them, the component of the energy storage cell being located in the compartment, wherein there is a space between the component of the energy storage cell and each lateral reinforcement, the space being filled with adhesive resin and the energy storage cell being adhesively bonded to the lateral reinforcement.

[0019] - A wire is provided in each space, which extends along the entire length of the space in the main direction and near the bottom;

[0020] - The wire or each wire is made of a conductive resistive metal and includes connectors arranged to selectively electrically connect the wire to a power source.

[0021] - Integrate sheets of very low-density material into the space or into the adhesive resin in each space.

[0022] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a vehicle comprising a rechargeable battery having the above-described features. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, given by way of illustration rather than limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0024] - Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a motor vehicle equipped with a storage battery according to the present invention;

[0025] - Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the bottom of the storage battery, a portion of the module, and the compartments configured to receive the module within the battery, without showing a reinforcing member defining the compartments to allow for a clearer view of the individual cells. The cooling circuits of the individual cells are schematically shown in the figure.

[0026] - Figure 3 It is similar to Figure 2 The view shows all modules and compartments;

[0027] - Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The enlarged 3D view shows details, with reinforcing parts omitted for clarity;

[0028] - Figure 5 Is Figure 2 A cross-sectional view perpendicular to the main direction, taken at the point of incidence of the middle arrow V, shows the reinforcements defining the compartments on both sides;

[0029] - Figure 6 It is similar to Figure 4 The view shows a reinforcing member and lines for releasing the module (if applicable);

[0030] - Figure 7 This is an exploded perspective view showing a variant embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] - Figure 8 This is a simplified schematic diagram viewed from above of the two monomers, illustrating another embodiment of the invention; and

[0032] - Figure 9 This is a simplified schematic diagram viewed from above a portion of the compartment, illustrating another variant of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Figure 1The vehicle 1 shown is equipped with a storage battery 3.

[0034] The vehicle 1 is usually a motor vehicle, such as a car, bus, or truck.

[0035] The vehicle is one that is powered solely by an electric motor, for example, a motor driven by a battery. In one variant, the vehicle is a hybrid type, thus including an internal combustion engine and an electric motor powered by the battery. According to another variant, the vehicle is powered by an internal combustion engine, and the battery is used to power other equipment in the vehicle, such as the starter, lights, etc.

[0036] like Figures 2 to 4 As can be seen, the storage battery 3 includes at least one component 5 of the storage cell 7.

[0037] Each battery cell 7 has a perpendicular P ( ) to the main direction. Figure 4 The two large faces 9, and the bottom face 11 connecting the two large faces 9 to each other. Figure 5 ).

[0038] Each battery cell 7 typically also has an upper portion 13 that connects two large surfaces 9 to each other, the upper portion 13 being opposite to the lower portion 11. The upper portion 13 has electrical contacts 15.

[0039] The battery cell 7 also has two side portions 17 that connect the two large face portions 9 to each other. The two side portions 17 are opposite to each other.

[0040] Typically, the battery cell 7 is prismatic in shape, with the side portion 17 perpendicular to the large portion 9, the bottom portion 11, and the top portion 13. The bottom portion 11 and the top portion 13 are perpendicular to the large portion 9.

[0041] The bottom surface 11 and the top surface 13 are perpendicular to Figure 4 The height direction E is shown. Side part 17 is perpendicular to... Figure 4 The secondary direction S is shown.

[0042] The height direction E, the secondary direction S, and the primary direction P are perpendicular to each other.

[0043] When battery 3 is installed on the vehicle, the height direction E is approximately perpendicular to the rolling plane of vehicle 1.

[0044] In this specification, the top, bottom, height, upper side, and lower side are distributed along the vertical direction E.

[0045] At least one component 5 has its individual units 7 aligned along the main direction P and forming a straight line.

[0046] Two adjacent units 7 in a straight line have opposing large faces 9 that are separated from each other by a gap 19.

[0047] In other words, each gap 19 is defined along the main direction P by the large face 9 of the two battery cells 7 located on its side.

[0048] Each gap 19 extends substantially in a plane perpendicular to the principal direction P.

[0049] The upper part 13 with electrical contacts 15 faces the same side and is aligned along the main direction P.

[0050] Electrical contacts 15 of different cells within the same component are connected to each other, thereby connecting the energy storage cells 7 in series and / or parallel. Connectors for connecting the electrical contacts of the cells are not shown in the figure.

[0051] Therefore, each component 5 has the shape of a generally parallelepiped block, which has an elongated shape along the main direction P.

[0052] like Figure 3 As can be seen, the storage battery 3 typically includes several components 5 of a single storage cell.

[0053] These components are often referred to as modules.

[0054] The number of components 5 is based on the energy storage capacity of battery 3. Figure 2 In the example shown, the battery includes eight components 5, each component 5 comprising twenty-four individual cells 7. In a variant, the battery 3 may include fewer or more than eight modules. Each module may have fewer or more than twenty-four individual cells 7.

[0055] In the example shown, components 5 are arranged side by side along the secondary direction S and are all parallel to each other.

[0056] However, other configurations are also possible. For example, components 5 can be arranged on a grid, each line of which includes several components 5 placed in a straight line along the primary direction P, and these lines of the grid are arranged side by side along the secondary direction S.

[0057] like Figures 1 to 3 As can be clearly seen, the battery 3 also includes a bottom 21. In the example shown, the bottom 21 is in the form of a roughly flat plate.

[0058] The bottom 21 extends below the battery cell 7 and is opposite to the lower side 11 of the battery cell 7.

[0059] The bottom 21 is basically perpendicular to the height direction E.

[0060] The storage battery 3 also includes Figure 1 The cover 23, which is visible in the middle, and the bottom 21 together form the outer casing of the battery 3.

[0061] The bottom 21 and the cover 23 together define the internal volume that houses the energy storage cell assembly 57.

[0062] The battery 3 also includes a plurality of separators 25 in each gap 19, which define between them a plurality of channels 27 for circulation of heat transfer fluid in contact with the large face 9 defining the gap 19.

[0063] Within the same gap 19, all the partitions 25 extend in the same direction. This direction is the height direction E.

[0064] The divider 25 extends from the lower part 11 to the upper part 13 of the unit that frames the gap 19 along the entire height of the gap 19.

[0065] The circulation channels 27 are therefore parallel to each other and also extend along the height direction E. They also extend over the entire height of the gap 19 and open at the bottom side 11 and top side 13 of the two units that frame the gap 19.

[0066] The separator 25 is continuous, so that the circulation channels 27 are not interconnected.

[0067] Advantageously, the separator 25 is a strip of plastic material resting on the two large surfaces of the defining gap 19.

[0068] Each separator 25 is made of, for example, polyurethane or polyamide or polyethylene or polypropylene or any other suitable material.

[0069] The separator 25 is glued to one of the two large faces 9 and simply pressed against the other large face 9 without being glued.

[0070] The separator 25 is as thin as possible in the main direction so as not to excessively increase the length of component 5 in the main direction.

[0071] All 25 separators are identical.

[0072] Separators 25 are independent of each other.

[0073] They do not come into contact with each other. They are not directly attached to each other, nor are they integrated into a single piece of material. Instead, they are individually attached to the large face 9 of the monomer.

[0074] The size and number of separators 25 in the same gap 19 depend on both the amount of heat transfer fluid to be transported and the force applied to the cell in the main direction. The forces considered here are the forces corresponding to the breathing of the battery cell 7 and the forces generated by the acceleration of the vehicle in the main direction.

[0075] The respiration effort is caused by the fact that monomers tend to expand under certain life conditions, such as during rapid recharging. Acceleration is a result of normal vehicle motion or a collision with the vehicle in the event of an accident.

[0076] In any case, the size and number of separators 25 in the same gap are selected such that these separators remain present during the service life of the battery 3 and ensure that the heat transfer fluid passes through sufficiently, so that the back pressure generated during the passage of the heat transfer fluid is moderate.

[0077] The flow rate of the heat transfer fluid through the circulation channel 27 depends on the heat generated by the battery cell 7, especially when the battery 3 is being fast charged.

[0078] For example, for a battery with 192 cells, a capacity of 126 Ah, and a charging rate of 6C (the battery is fully charged in ten minutes), a separator 25 with a thickness of 1 mm and a width of 5 mm is selected, wherein the separators 25 are spaced 10 mm apart along the secondary direction S. In other words, each flow channel 27 is 10 mm wide and 1 mm deep. In this case, for twelve circulation channels 27, the number of separators 25 is typically thirteen.

[0079] Assuming the battery's maximum charging rate is 3C (the battery is fully charged in 20 minutes), spacers 25, each 10 mm wide and 0.8 mm thick, are provided, spaced 7 mm apart along the secondary direction S. In other words, each flow channel 27 is 7 mm wide and 0.8 mm deep.

[0080] The storage battery 3 also includes a circuit 31 for cooling the individual storage cells 7.

[0081] The circuit is in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The diagram is shown schematically.

[0082] The cooling circuit 31 includes an upstream collector 33 and multiple distribution channels 35 fluidly connected to the upstream collector 33.

[0083] The cooling circuit 31 includes a set of distribution channels 35 for each component 5 of the energy storage cell.

[0084] For each component 5 of the energy storage cell, a distribution channel 35 extends along the main direction P and is disposed between the bottom 21 and the bottom part 11 of the energy storage cell 7 (see...). Figure 4 and Figure 5 Distribution channel 35 distributes the heat transfer fluid into the circulation channels 27 of all gaps 19 of the component 5.

[0085] The cooling circuit 31 also includes a downstream collector 37 and a sub-collector 39 for each component 5 for collecting heat transfer fluid, the sub-collector 39 being fluidly connected to the downstream collector 37. Circulation channels 27 of all gaps in a single component 5 lead to the sub-collector 39 associated with that component.

[0086] All sub-collectors 39 of component 5 are connected in parallel with downstream collector 37.

[0087] The sub-collector 39 extends in the main direction above the top surface 13.

[0088] The upstream collector 33 and the downstream collector 37 are arranged along the two opposite edges of the bottom 21.

[0089] They all extend along the secondary direction S.

[0090] According to one example implementation, the upstream collector 33 is fluidly connected to the heat transfer fluid inlet 41 in the battery, and the downstream collector 37 is fluidly connected to the heat transfer fluid outlet 43 outside the battery.

[0091] Inlet 41 and outlet 43 are intended to connect to an onboard cooling circuit in the vehicle, which typically includes a heat transfer fluid circulator and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is provided to remove heat generated by the battery 3. The circulator circulates the heat transfer fluid. Its outlet is fluidly connected to inlet 41, and its inlet is fluidly connected to outlet 43.

[0092] In one variant, the heat exchanger and circulator are integrated into the battery 3. In this case, the downstream collector 37 is fluidly connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger, and the upstream collector 33 is fluidly connected to the outlet of the circulator. The inlet of the circulator is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger.

[0093] The heat transfer fluid is typically a dielectric liquid, such as oil. In one variation, the heat transfer fluid is a gas.

[0094] exist Figure 5 As can be seen, the battery 3 advantageously includes a spacer structure 45 placed on the bottom 21. The spacer structure 45 includes a plurality of profiles 47, 49 extending along the main direction P, the profiles 47, 49 defining a distribution channel 35 between them.

[0095] Each gap 19 has a first number N1 of circulating channels 27.

[0096] The first quantity N1 is the same for all gaps 19. In other words, all gaps 19 have the same number of circulation channels 27.

[0097] The cooling circuit 31 includes exactly the first number N1 of distribution channels 35 for each component 5 of the energy storage cell.

[0098] In other words, for each component 5, the number N1 of the distribution channels 35 of the cooling circuit 31 is equal to the number of circulation channels 27.

[0099] Each distribution channel 35 extends substantially along the entire length of component 5 in the main direction.

[0100] Each distribution channel 35 supplies each gap 19 of component 5 to the circulation channel 27.

[0101] The spacer structure 45 has as many profiles 47, 49 as the spacers 25 in each gap 19.

[0102] Profile 47 is placed to coincide with partition 25 along the secondary direction S. In other words, the width of profiles 47 and 49 along direction S is substantially the same as the width of partition 25, and they have the same spacing as partition 25 between them.

[0103] Only the profiles 49 on the two sides of the spacer structure have different shapes, which will be described later. These profiles are referred to here as lateral profiles 49, and the other profiles are referred to as central profiles 47.

[0104] Therefore, each heat transfer fluid flow circulating from the upstream collector 33 to the downstream collector 37 follows a path of equal length. This avoids the creation of preferential circulation regions within the cell, thereby ensuring that the heat transfer fluid is evenly distributed between different components 5, between different gaps 19 within the same component 5, and between different circulation channels 27 within each gap 19.

[0105] The distribution channels 35 are closed on one side by the bottom 21. They open on the side opposite to the bottom 21.

[0106] The battery cell 7 rests on the spacer structure 45, more precisely on the profiles 47 and 49. The edge 50 of the cell rests on the side profile 49. The edge 50 extends at the junction between the side portion 17 and the bottom portion 11. Figure 5 As can be seen, they are round.

[0107] Each of the circulation channels 27 of each gap 19 is placed overlapping with a distribution channel 35 and extends from their lower ends into the distribution channel.

[0108] The distribution channel 35 is connected to the upstream collector 33 at its first end. They are closed at their second ends. The first and second ends are opposite each other along the main direction P.

[0109] exist Figure 5As can be seen, the height of the side profiles 49 on the two sides of the spacer structure 45 along the height direction E is greater than the height of the central profile 47 located between the side profiles 49.

[0110] All of the central profiles 47 have the same height.

[0111] In addition, profiles 47 and 49 are made of deformable plastic materials, such as polyurethane or possibly expanded polypropylene.

[0112] The plastic material has sufficient rigidity to support the mass of the battery cell 7, but also sufficient flexibility so that when the cell 7 is placed on the profiles 47 and 49, the side profiles 49 follow the shape of the cell's edge 50. This creates a seal for the heat transfer fluid along the edge 50.

[0113] Profiles 47 and 49 are connected to each other by rods arranged in the distribution channel 35. These rods are not shown.

[0114] Advantageously, the spacer structure 45 is made, for example, by molding or injection molding.

[0115] The battery 3 also includes two lateral reinforcements 51 for each battery cell or each battery cell, the two lateral reinforcements extending along a main direction and defining a compartment 53 therebetween. The battery cell 5 is arranged within the compartment 53, wherein there is a space 55 between the battery cell 5 and each lateral reinforcement 51.

[0116] exist Figure 2 Only one reinforcing member 51 is shown in the image.

[0117] Battery 3 also includes at both ends two end reinforcements 57 for said component 5 or each component 5 (in Figure 2 (As can be seen in the image), these two end reinforcements 57 define the compartment 53. The reinforcements 57 are placed at both ends of the compartment 53 along the main direction P.

[0118] Lateral reinforcement 51 is housed within the battery casing.

[0119] Similarly, the end reinforcement 57 is housed within the battery casing.

[0120] The side reinforcements 51 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the secondary direction S. The end reinforcements 57 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the primary direction P.

[0121] The side reinforcement 51 is rigidly attached to the bottom 21.

[0122] Similarly, the end reinforcement 57 is rigidly attached to the bottom 21, and preferably rigidly attached to the side reinforcement 51.

[0123] The side reinforcements 51 are metal plates, preferably having holes 58. They extend along the entire length of component 5 and extend slightly beyond it.

[0124] Similarly, the end reinforcement 57 is a metal plate that extends across the width of component 5 and extends slightly beyond it.

[0125] An unshown aperture is provided along the lower edge of an end wall 57 to allow communication between the dispensing channel 35 and the upstream collector 33.

[0126] like Figure 5 As can be seen, the space 35 is closed downward (i.e. towards the bottom 21) by the side profiles 49. These side profiles 49 rest on the lateral reinforcement 51 on one side and on the edge 50 of each unit 53 on the other side.

[0127] In addition, Figure 4 As can be seen, the dividers 25 are placed on both sides of the gap 19 along the edge that connects each side portion 17 to the large face portion 9. These dividers 25 isolate the gap 19 from the space 55.

[0128] Advantageously, such as Figure 5 As can be seen, adhesive resin 56 fills each space 55 and adhesively attaches the battery cell 7 to each lateral reinforcement 51.

[0129] In fact, each space 55 extends continuously along the entire length of compartment 53, which is considered to be along the main direction.

[0130] Therefore, the adhesive resin 56 attaches the side portion 17 of each battery cell 7 to the opposing lateral reinforcement 51 by adhesion.

[0131] This viscous resin is advantageously an elastic polymer, typically polyurethane.

[0132] It is typically injected into each space 55. Once polymerized, its strength is sufficient to hold the battery cell 7 in place.

[0133] It allows the adhesion strength to be between 2 and 25 MPa, preferably between 3 and 10 MPa, and even more preferably about 5 MPa.

[0134] The elastic adhesive resin 56 completely fills each gap 55.

[0135] Therefore, the adhesive resin 56 makes the battery as a whole more rigid and ensures that the battery cells 7 remain fully in place in all directions, whether in the height direction E, the primary direction P, or the secondary direction S, under all vehicle life conditions.

[0136] exist Figures 2 to 5As can be seen, the lateral reinforcement 51 is typically shared by two compartments 53 arranged side by side. In other words, a given lateral reinforcement 51 defines two compartments 53 arranged on opposite sides of the reinforcement.

[0137] In this configuration, one adhesive resin layer 56 is disposed between the side reinforcement 51 and the component 5 disposed in one compartment 53, and another adhesive resin layer 56 is disposed between the side reinforcement 51 and the component 5 disposed in another compartment 53. The adhesive resin layers 56 disposed on both sides of the side reinforcement 51 are connected through through holes 58 in the reinforcement 51, which helps to improve the rigidity of the battery.

[0138] exist Figure 6 As can be seen, the wires 59 are advantageously arranged in each space 55.

[0139] The wire 59 includes a main portion 60 that extends along the entire length of the space 55 in the main direction P and passes near the bottom 21.

[0140] For example, the main portion 60 extends along and adjacent to the side profile 49 that closes the gap 55 toward the bottom 21.

[0141] The main portion 60 extends into the end portion 61, which terminates at the gripping member 63.

[0142] The end portion 61 is oriented along the height direction E and is located at one end of the compartment 53.

[0143] The gripping end 63 is, for example, a ring formed at the end of the end portion 61. This ring protrudes over the adhesive resin 56.

[0144] Therefore, the user can grasp the gripping member 63 and pull the wire 59 upward (i.e., away from the bottom 21). This can shear the adhesive resin 56 along the entire length of the gap 55 and separate the battery cell 7 from the side reinforcement 51.

[0145] According to an advantageous variation, each wire 59 is made of a conductive resistive metal. It also includes a connector 64 arranged to selectively electrically connect the wires 59 to a power source.

[0146] The power source is either the battery itself or external to the battery.

[0147] Therefore, the tension can be reduced by using a resistive wire that will carry current. The passage of current will heat the wire, which will degrade the adhesive resin in contact with it.

[0148] Preferably, additional spaces are provided between the end reinforcement 57 and the monomer 7 located at the ends of the linear rows of monomers. These end spaces are also filled with an adhesive resin, such that the end monomers of the linear rows are bonded to the end reinforcement 57.

[0149] Advantageously, wires of the same type as wire 59 are placed in these end spaces so that the adhesive can be cut and the end units separated from the end reinforcements 57.

[0150] Typically, the wire 59 is placed in the space 55 before the adhesive resin 56 is injected.

[0151] Importantly, the viscous resin is injected after the battery cell assembly 5 is placed in the compartment 53. This easily compensates for dimensional variations in the cells. The thickness of the viscous resin can be varied. This method also reduces the requirements for positioning and assembling reinforcements 51 and 57.

[0152] In one variation, the adhesive can be overmolded onto the reinforcement 51 and end reinforcement 57 before the battery cell assembly 5 is positioned in the cavity. In this case, the thickness of the adhesive layer must be controlled very precisely, and the adhesive layer must have sufficient compressibility to compensate for dimensional variations in the cells. This overmolding must be performed after the spacer structure is in place.

[0153] The circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the battery will now be described.

[0154] The heat transfer fluid first flows through the upstream collector 33.

[0155] Typically, the upstream collector 33 is supplied with heat transfer fluid via the heat transfer fluid inlet 41.

[0156] Heat transfer fluid flows from upstream collector 33 into distribution channel 35, which serves each component 5 of the energy storage cell.

[0157] It flows below the unit 7 of the component along each distribution channel 35. It is distributed from each distribution channel 35 into the circulation channel 27 of each gap 19.

[0158] Since each distribution channel 35 is closed at its end opposite the upstream collector 33, the fluid is forced to fully distribute itself into the circulation channel 27 served by the distribution channel.

[0159] The heat transfer fluid in the circulation channel 27 flows in contact with the large surface 9 of the defining gap 19.

[0160] At the end of the circulation channel 27, the fluid is collected by the sub-collector 39 and guided by the sub-collector 39 to the downstream collector 37.

[0161] Typically, the downstream collector 37 directs the heat transfer fluid to the outlet 43.

[0162] Now refer to Figure 7 This section describes variant embodiments of the present invention. Only these variants and their corresponding embodiments will be described in detail below. Figures 1 to 6 The differences are as follows. Identical elements or elements performing the same function in two variations will be represented by the same reference numerals.

[0163] exist Figure 7 In the embodiment shown, the storage battery 3 includes a separator 65 in each gap 19 parallel to the two large facets 9 that define the gap 19.

[0164] In this case, each of the dividers 25 comprises two strips of plastic material 67, which are placed on the two sides of the partition 65 and rest against the two large faces 9 that frame the gap 19.

[0165] In other words, the partition 65 divides each divider 25 into two parts corresponding to the two strips 67. One side of each strip 67 rests against the partition 65, and the other side rests against one of the two large faces 9.

[0166] Typically, strip 67 and partition 65 are integral and simply rest against the large face 9.

[0167] The partition 65 divides the gap 19 into two equal parts. It has approximately the same dimensions as the large face 9 and is positioned opposite them. It is arranged perpendicular to the main direction P.

[0168] The partition 65 is advantageously made of metal plate, usually steel.

[0169] The thickness of the wall 65 is between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, preferably between 0.075 mm and 0.3 mm, and typically 0.1 mm.

[0170] The flow channel 27 is also divided into two sub-channels 69 by the partition 65. One of the sub-channels 69 is defined on one side by the partition 65 and on the other side by a large face 9. The other sub-channel 69 is defined between the partition 65 and the other large face 9.

[0171] The total cross-sectional area of ​​the two sub-channels 69 is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the heat transfer fluid provided in the first embodiment.

[0172] Partition 65 effectively serves as a firewall.

[0173] In practice, if one battery cell 7 starts to burn, there is a risk that the fire will spread to adjacent cells. The heat transfer fluid circulating in the circulation channel helps to prolong the time before the fire spreads to adjacent cells. In fact, before it can spread, the fire must first heat and disrupt the fluid.

[0174] In addition, the distance between individual fires (i.e., the spacing) increases the time required for the fire to spread.

[0175] Adding baffles (usually steel baffles) further helps slow the spread. The baffles form a barrier to prevent heat from spreading.

[0176] Advantageously, partition 65 is coated with a fire retardant or fire-retardant agent.

[0177] The metal plate 65 that supports the strip 67 can be obtained in various ways.

[0178] According to the first possibility, the material intended to form the strips is deposited directly onto a continuous metal plate. The continuous metal plate is then cut into partitions of size 65.

[0179] According to the second possibility, the strip 67 is rigidly fixed to the large face 9, and then the bare partition 65 is installed in each gap 19 between the individual units 7.

[0180] According to the third possibility, pre-formed strips 67 are then attached to the continuous plate by any suitable means, such as by gluing. The continuous plate is then cut to the dimensions of partitions 65.

[0181] Now refer to Figure 8 The third variation is described below. Only the differences between this third variation and the first variation will be described in detail. In both variations, identical elements or elements performing the same function will be represented by the same reference numerals.

[0182] exist Figure 8 In a variant embodiment, in each gap 19, the divider 25 is an embossed relief formed in at least one large face 9 defining the gap 19.

[0183] In other words, at least one large face 19 is twisted to form a protruding rib constituting the separator 25, and the recessed portion between the ribs constitutes a flow channel 27.

[0184] exist Figure 8 In one variant, only one large facet 9 has a prominent rib. In another variant, both large facets 9 have prominent ribs facing each other. The separator 25 is formed by the prominent ribs of the two large facets facing each other. The flow channel 27 is formed by the recesses of the two large facets between the prominent ribs.

[0185] Now refer to Figure 9 The fourth variant implementation is described below. Only the differences between this fourth variant and the first variant will be described in detail. In both variants, identical elements or elements performing the same function will be represented by the same reference numerals.

[0186] In the fourth embodiment, the battery does not have wires arranged in the spaces 55. Instead, a sheet 71 of very low-density material is embedded in the adhesive resin 56 in each space 55.

[0187] Very low density materials are typically foams, such as polyurethane foam.

[0188] Advantageously, the density of the very low-density material is lower than that of the viscous resin, preferably less than 40 kg / m³. 3 .

[0189] The sheet 71 extends over the entire height of space 55 in the height direction.

[0190] For example, it has a width of about 20mm in the main direction.

[0191] For example, it has a thickness of 1 to 2 mm in the secondary direction.

[0192] This sheet is also integrated into the adhesive resin layer between each end monomer and the corresponding reinforcement 57.

[0193] The sheet is provided so that a blade or saw suitable for cutting elastic, viscous resin can be inserted.

[0194] Storage batteries have several advantages.

[0195] The fact that all the partitions extend in the same gap along the same secondary direction perpendicular to the primary direction allows for the organization of heat transfer fluid circulation, which ensures effective cooling of the large surface area without excessive back pressure.

[0196] The fact that the number of circulation channels in each gap is equal to the number of distribution channels allows for the efficient and uniform distribution of heat transfer fluid in the distribution channels, without concentrating flow in certain areas.

[0197] It is particularly simple and convenient to make the separator into a plastic strip that rests against the two large faces of the defining gap.

[0198] As mentioned above, placing a partition parallel to the two large faces that define the gap in each gap can improve safety against fire risks.

[0199] Making the separator into an embossed shape in at least one large face that defines the gap makes it easier to assemble the battery cell assembly.

[0200] The use of a spacer structure placed at the bottom, comprising multiple profiles extending along the main direction, makes the fabrication of the distribution channel convenient and inexpensive.

[0201] Adhesive resin used to bond individual cells to the support pillars can strengthen the battery structure.

[0202] Setting up wires in each space filled with viscous resin allows for easy separation of the monomer from the reinforcement, thus enabling monomer replacement.

[0203] There are many variations of storage batteries.

[0204] In the example above, it has been described as having multiple sets of battery cells. In a variant, it has only one set.

[0205] The distribution channel can be made directly on the bottom without being made into the form of a spacer.

[0206] Batteries may not contain adhesive resin, or the adhesive resin may be replaced by a non-adhesive elastic material.

Claims

1. A storage battery, wherein the storage battery (3) comprises: - At least one component (5) of a battery cell (7), each battery cell (7) having two large facets (9) perpendicular to the main direction (P), a bottom facet (11) connecting the two large facets (9) to each other, and an upper facet (13) connecting the two large facets (9) to each other and opposite to the bottom facet (11), the battery cells (7) being aligned along the main direction (P) and forming a straight line, wherein two adjacent battery cells (7) in the straight line have facing large facets (9) separated from each other by gaps (19). - In each gap (19) there are multiple partitions (25) that define multiple circulation channels (27) between them for circulation of heat transfer fluid in contact with the large surface (9) that defines the gap (19), the circulation channels (27) are parallel to each other and extend along the height direction (E) over the entire height of the gap (19), and the circulation channels (27) are open at the bottom surface (11) and the top surface (13) of the two energy storage cells that frame the gap (19); - A bottom (21) extending below the battery cell (7), the bottom (21) being opposite to the bottom surface (11) of the battery cell (7); - A cooling circuit (31) for cooling the battery cell (7), the cooling circuit (31) including an upstream collector (33) and a plurality of distribution channels (35) fluidly connected to the upstream collector (33), the distribution channels (35) extending in the main direction (P) and disposed between the bottom (21) and the bottom surface (11) of the battery cell (7), the distribution channels (35) distributing the heat transfer fluid into the circulation channels (27) of all gaps (19). The cooling circuit (31) also includes a downstream collector (37) and a sub-collector (39) for collecting heat transfer fluid for each component (5), the sub-collector (39) being fluidly connected to the downstream collector (37), the circulation channel (27) of all gaps of a given component (5) leading to the sub-collector (39) associated with that component, the sub-collector (39) extending along the main direction above the upper surface (13) of the energy storage cell of the component; The separator (25) in each gap (19) is a plastic strip that adjoins the two large faces (9) that define the gap (19); Each gap (19) has a first number N1 of circulation channels (27), and for each component (5), the number N1 of distribution channels (35) of the cooling circuit (31) is equal to the number of circulation channels (27), and each distribution channel (35) supplies the circulation channels (27) of each gap (19) of the component (5).

2. The storage battery according to claim 1, wherein, The battery (3) includes a spacer structure (45) placed on the bottom (21), the spacer structure (45) including a plurality of profiles (47, 49) extending along the main direction (P), the profiles (47, 49) defining the distribution channel (35) between them.

3. The storage battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The battery (3) includes two lateral reinforcements (51) for each component (5) of the battery cell (7), the two lateral reinforcements (51) extending along the main direction (P) and defining a compartment (53) therebetween, the component (5) of the battery cell (7) being arranged in the compartment (53), wherein there is a space (55) between the component (5) of the battery cell (7) and each lateral reinforcement (51), the space (55) being filled with adhesive resin (56) and the battery cell (7) being adhesively attached to the lateral reinforcement (51).

4. The storage battery according to claim 3, wherein, In each space (55), a wire (59) is arranged, which extends along the entire length of the space (55) in the main direction (P) and close to the bottom (21).

5. The storage battery according to claim 4, wherein, The wire (59) or each wire (59) is made of a conductive resistive metal and includes a connector (64) arranged to selectively electrically connect the wire (59) to a power source.

6. The storage battery according to claim 3, wherein, Embedded in the viscous resin (56) in the space (55) or each space (55) are substances with a density of less than 40 kg / m³. 3 Thin sheets made of the material (71).

7. A vehicle comprising a storage battery (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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