A tunnel construction method capable of improving the filling and top connection rate of goaf areas

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel construction method capable of improving the filling and top connection rate of the goaf. According to the length of the mine room and the relative position of the tunnels developed on both sides thereof, after determining the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body surface, the heights that need to be raised or lowered for the construction of the mining tunnels on both sides are calculated, and the uphill construction slope angle or downhill construction slope angle of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side is calculated; during construction, the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side is constructed uphill or downhill to the mine room section according to the calculated slope angle, and the mine room section is constructed downhill for rock drilling to the opposite side according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body, and then the mining tunnel on the opposite side is constructed downhill according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body. During the tunnel construction, the non-top connection area generated by the self-flowing of the filling body is compensated, so that the filling can be fully connected with the roof of the mine room through the compensated area, which can simplify the filling process, improve the filling and top connection rate, solve the problem of difficult filling and top connection, and then ensure the safety of the later production workers and equipment, and provide safety and technical guarantee for the application of the filling method in mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of underground mining of metal mines, and in particular relates to a tunnel construction method capable of improving the filling and top connection rate of goaf areas. Background Art

[0002] Backfill mining method has been increasingly used in the field of underground mining of metal mines due to its advantages such as low depletion rate, high resource recovery rate and good safety. However, backfilling and connecting the goaf has always been a difficult problem, especially in underground mines that use large-diameter deep hole backfilling method. The length of the mine room is long, the flow span of the backfill slurry is large, and the slurry self-flow will form a gentle slope. In addition, there are differences in the design requirements of development and mining, as well as the differences in on-site construction and design. There is a certain height difference between the development tunnels on both sides of the mine room, which easily leads to the problem that most of the top plate of the goaf cannot be filled and connected. For example, Figure 1 As shown. Therefore, it is often necessary to perform multiple fillings to improve the filling connection rate, the filling steps are complicated, and the filling effect is poor. The unsatisfactory filling connection effect seriously affects the stability of the filling mine room and poses a serious threat to the safety of production equipment and personnel.

[0003] CN111255513A discloses "a method for improving the filling and connecting rate of a mine room by utilizing the roof raking". In this technical solution, a special filling and connecting chamber needs to be constructed on the roof of the mine room. The construction process is complicated, the filling pipe is difficult to lay out and the effect is difficult to guarantee.

[0004] The “pattern and method for arranging entry routes in a mining area conducive to filling and top connection” disclosed in CN103615285B is only suitable for the entry route filling method, but not for other filling methods.

[0005] In addition, the above two methods are difficult to be applied on-site in large-diameter deep hole filling mines. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel construction method which can solve the problems of complicated filling procedures, difficult filling and top connection and low filling and top connection rate in mine goaf areas.

[0007] The tunnel construction method provided by the present invention can improve the filling and top connection rate of the goaf, and its technical scheme is: according to the length of the mine room and the relative positions of the development tunnels on both sides thereof, after determining the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body surface, calculate the height that needs to be raised or lowered for the construction of the mining tunnels on both sides, and calculate the uphill construction slope angle or downhill construction slope angle of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side; during construction, the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side is constructed uphill or downhill according to the calculated slope angle to the mine room section, and the rock drilling tunnel is constructed downhill to the opposite side of the mine room section according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body, and then the mining tunnel on the opposite side is continued to be constructed downhill with the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body.

[0008] In one implementation of the above technical solution, when the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is lower than the development tunnel on the opposite side, the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side is constructed uphill from the development tunnel toward the mine room; when the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is higher than the development tunnel on the opposite side, the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side is constructed downhill from the development tunnel toward the mine room.

[0009] In one implementation of the above technical solution, the steps when the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is lower than the development tunnel on the opposite side are as follows:

[0010] (1) According to the backfill body self-flow slope angle θ and the height difference h of the development tunnels on both sides of the mine room, calculate the height h1 that needs to be raised for the construction of the mining tunnel on the backfill pipe mouth side

[0011] h1=h+(b+c)tanθ, where b is the horizontal length of the mine room and c is the horizontal length of the mining tunnel on the opposite side of the filling pipe mouth;

[0012] (2) Calculate the construction slope angle of the filling pipe side mining tunnel

[0013] Where a is the horizontal length of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe mouth side;

[0014] (3) From the development tunnel on the filling pipe side to the mine room Slope angle uphill construction mining roadway;

[0015] (4) The mining room section constructs a rock drilling tunnel downslope according to the backfill body self-flowing slope angle θ toward the opposite side of the mining tunnel;

[0016] (5) Continue to construct the mining tunnel on the opposite side downhill according to the self-flowing slope angle θ of the filling body.

[0017] In another embodiment of the above technical solution, the steps when the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is higher than the development tunnel on the opposite side are as follows:

[0018] (1) According to the backfill body self-flow slope angle θ and the height difference h of the development tunnels on both sides of the mine room, calculate the height h2 that needs to be lowered for the construction of the mining tunnel on the backfill pipe mouth side

[0019] h2=h-(b+c)tanθ, where b is the horizontal length of the mine room and c is the horizontal length of the mining tunnel on the opposite side of the filling pipe mouth;

[0020] (2) Calculate the construction slope angle of the filling pipe side mining tunnel

[0021] Where a is the horizontal length of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe mouth side;

[0022] (3) From the development tunnel on the filling pipe side to the mine room Slope angle downhill construction mining roadway;

[0023] (4) The mining room section constructs a rock drilling tunnel downslope according to the backfill body self-flowing slope angle θ toward the opposite side of the mining tunnel;

[0024] (5) Continue to construct the mining tunnel on the opposite side downhill according to the self-flowing slope angle θ of the filling body.

[0025] The present invention first raises or lowers the mining tunnel on the filling pipe mouth side, and then constructs the rock drilling tunnel of the mine room section and the mining tunnel on the opposite side according to the self-flow slope angle of the filling body to achieve full contact between the filling body surface and the mine room roof. That is, during the tunnel construction, the unconnected area caused by the self-flow of the filling body is compensated, so that during the filling, the compensated area can be fully connected with the mine room roof. By adopting the new tunnel construction method disclosed in the present invention to construct the tunnel, the filling process can be simplified, the filling connection rate can be improved, and the problem of difficult filling connection can be solved, thereby ensuring the safety of later production workers and equipment, and providing safety and technical guarantees for the application of the filling method in mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the state of a mine chamber after filling using the filling method in the prior art.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a state after the mine room is filled by the filling method of the present invention (the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is lower than the development tunnel on the other side).

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another state after the mine room is filled by the filling method of the present invention (the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is higher than the development tunnel on the other side).

[0029] Markings in the figure: 1 development tunnel; 2 mining tunnel; 3 filling pipe; 4 filling retaining wall; 5 mine roof; 6 filling body surface; 7 filling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] from Figure 1 It can be seen that when the filling method is used, due to the self-flow slope angle θ of the filling body, there is a large area of ​​unconnected area between the mine roof 5 and the filling body surface 6. This area needs to be filled multiple times to improve the filling connection rate. The filling steps are complicated and the filling effect is poor. The unsatisfactory filling connection effect seriously affects the stability of the mine room and poses a serious threat to the safety of production equipment and personnel.

[0031] The present invention is to solve Figure 1The existing problems are solved by first raising or lowering the mining tunnel on the filling pipe mouth side, and then constructing the rock drilling tunnel of the mine room section and the mining tunnel on the opposite side according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body. That is, during the tunnel construction, the unconnected area caused by the self-flow of the filling body is compensated, so that the filling can be fully connected with the roof of the mine room through the compensated area. The specific ideas are as follows:

[0032] The tunnel construction method disclosed in the present invention, which can improve the filling and top connection rate of the goaf area, is divided into the following two construction methods according to the different relative positions of the two sides of the tunnel developed on both sides of the mine room:

[0033] When the position of the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is lower than that of the development tunnel on the opposite side, after determining the height to which the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side needs to be raised and the slope angle for uphill construction toward the mine room, the mining tunnel on this side is constructed uphill according to the determined parameters, the mine room section is constructed downhill according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body, and the mining tunnel on the opposite side of the filling pipe continues to be constructed downhill according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body.

[0034] When the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is higher than the development tunnel on the opposite side, after determining the height to which the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side needs to be lowered and the slope angle to be constructed downhill towards the mine room, the mining tunnel on this side is constructed downhill according to the determined parameters, the mine room section is constructed downhill according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body, and the mining tunnel on the opposite side of the filling pipe continues to be constructed downhill according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body.

[0035] The preparation work before tunnel construction includes:

[0036] (1) Determine the self-flowing slope angle θ of the filling surface and the height difference h of the development tunnels on both sides of the mine room.

[0037] The gravity slope angle θ can be obtained from the previously filled mine room, and the height difference h of the tunnels developed on both sides can be obtained from the tunnel measured map.

[0038] (2) Obtain from the design drawings the horizontal length a of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side, the horizontal length b of the mine room, and the horizontal length c of the mining tunnel on the opposite side of the filling pipe.

[0039] (3) Calculate the heights h1 and h2 that need to be raised when constructing the filling pipe side mining tunnel

[0040] h1=h+(b+c)tanθ, h2=h-(b+c)tanθ

[0041] (4) Calculate the construction slope angle of the filling pipe side mining tunnel

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] After the preparatory work is completed, the construction of mining tunnels and rock drilling tunnels will begin.

[0045] The development tunnel on the filling pipe side is lower than the development tunnel on the opposite side. The construction steps are as follows:

[0046] (1) According to the calculated slope angle The mining tunnel on the side of the filling pipe mouth is constructed uphill towards the mine room.

[0047] (2) The rock drilling tunnel is constructed downhill in the mine room section according to the determined self-flowing slope angle θ of the filling body surface.

[0048] (3) Continue to construct the mining tunnel on the opposite side downhill according to the determined self-flowing slope angle θ on the filling body surface.

[0049] (4) After the mining is completed, the goaf is sealed by filling retaining walls.

[0050] (5) The filling pipe is fixed at the contact point between the filling retaining wall and the roof of the mine room on the filling pipe outlet side of the mine room for filling.

[0051] Since the upper end height position of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side has been accurately raised according to the self-flow slope angle of the filling body, the surface of the filling body can be fully connected with the roof of the mine room after the filling is completed. Figure 2 The surface of the middle filling body is coplanar with the roof of the mine room.

[0052] Steps (1) and (3) can be carried out simultaneously, or the order of construction can be changed to facilitate on-site construction.

[0053] The development tunnel on the filling pipe side is higher than the development tunnel on the opposite side. The construction steps are as follows:

[0054] (1) According to the calculated slope angle Construct and mine the tunnel on the side of the filling pipe mouth downhill in the direction of the mine room.

[0055] (2) The rock drilling tunnel is constructed downhill in the mine room section according to the determined self-flowing slope angle θ of the filling body surface.

[0056] (3) Continue to construct the mining tunnel on the opposite side downhill according to the determined self-flowing slope angle θ on the filling body surface.

[0057] (4) After the mining is completed, the goaf is sealed by filling retaining walls.

[0058] (5) The filling pipe is fixed at the contact point between the filling retaining wall and the roof of the mine room on the filling pipe outlet side of the mine room for filling.

[0059] Since the lower end height position of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side has been accurately lowered according to the self-flow slope angle of the filling body, the surface of the filling body can fully contact the roof of the mine room after the filling is completed. Figure 3The surface of the middle filling body is coplanar with the roof of the mine room.

[0060] Steps (1) and (3) can be performed simultaneously, or the order of the steps can be reversed.

[0061] Obviously, the tunnel construction method disclosed in the present invention can compensate for the area where the filling body surface is not connected with the mine room roof due to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body surface during tunnel construction, so that the filling body surface can be fully connected with the mine room roof in one filling, thereby simplifying the filling steps, improving the filling effect of the goaf and the filling connection rate of the goaf, improving the stability of the later production mining site, and improving the safety of equipment and personnel operations in the mining site.

[0062] This method can be used to fill the goaf of mines by the backfilling method, and has been verified by project practice. The practice project is a metal mine with gold and copper as the main products of a mining company in Fujian. The ore body with an elevation of -100m to +100m is mined. The strike length of the ore body is 450 to 600m, the average thickness of the ore body is 50 to 150m, and the inclination of the ore body is 50° to 80°. It is a steeply inclined thick ore body. A large-diameter deep hole and subsequent backfilling mining method is adopted. The method disclosed in the present invention is used during the construction of the tunnel to ensure that the surface of the backfill body is fully connected with the roof of the mine room. Therefore, the scheme disclosed in the present invention provides a safety technical guarantee for the application of the backfilling method in mines.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction method capable of improving the filling rate of goaf, characterized in that: According to the length of the mine room and the relative positions of the development tunnels on both sides, after determining the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body surface, the method calculates the height that needs to be raised or lowered for the construction of the mining tunnels on both sides, and calculates the uphill construction slope angle or downhill construction slope angle of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side; During construction, the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side is constructed uphill or downhill according to the calculated slope angle to the mine room section, and the rock drilling tunnel in the mine room section is constructed downhill to the opposite side according to the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body, and then the mining tunnel on the opposite side is constructed downhill at the self-flowing slope angle of the filling body; When the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is lower than the development tunnel on the opposite side, the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side is constructed uphill from the development tunnel to the mine room; when the development tunnel on the filling pipe side is higher than the development tunnel on the opposite side, the mining tunnel on the filling pipe side is constructed downhill from the development tunnel to the mine room; The steps when the development roadway on the filling pipe side is lower than the development roadway on the opposite side are as follows: (1) According to the backfill body self-flow slope angle θ and the height difference h of the development tunnels on both sides of the mine room, calculate the height h1 that needs to be raised for the construction of the mining tunnel on the backfill pipe mouth side h1=h+(b+c)tanθ, where b is the horizontal length of the mine room and c is the horizontal length of the mining tunnel on the opposite side of the filling pipe mouth; (2) Calculate the construction slope angle of the filling pipe side mining tunnel Where a is the horizontal length of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe mouth side; (3) From the development tunnel on the filling pipe side to the mine room Slope angle uphill construction mining roadway; (4) The mining room section constructs a rock drilling tunnel downslope according to the backfill body self-flowing slope angle θ toward the opposite side of the mining tunnel; (5) Continue to construct the opposite side mining tunnel downhill according to the backfill body self-flowing slope angle θ; The steps when the development roadway on the filling pipe side is higher than the development roadway on the opposite side are as follows: (1) According to the backfill body self-flow slope angle θ and the height difference h of the development tunnels on both sides of the mine room, calculate the height h2 that needs to be lowered for the construction of the mining tunnel on the backfill pipe mouth side h2=h-(b+c)tanθ, where b is the horizontal length of the mine room and c is the horizontal length of the mining tunnel on the opposite side of the filling pipe mouth; (2) Calculate the construction slope angle of the filling pipe side mining tunnel Where a is the horizontal length of the mining tunnel on the filling pipe mouth side; (3) From the development tunnel on the filling pipe side to the mine room Slope angle downhill construction mining roadway; (4) The mining room section constructs a rock drilling tunnel downslope according to the backfill body self-flowing slope angle θ toward the opposite side of the mining tunnel; (5) Continue to construct the mining tunnel on the opposite side downhill according to the self-flowing slope angle θ of the filling body.

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