A processing method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of precision machining technology, and specifically provides a machining method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite machining device, wherein the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite machining device comprises: a power supply, a substrate, a light source and a fiber tube electrode, wherein the substrate is used to be connected to the negative pole of the power supply; the fiber tube electrode comprises a metal tube electrode and a hollow optical fiber which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside, the metal tube electrode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and an electroforming liquid circulation channel is provided inside the metal tube electrode; wherein the machining device utilizes the fiber tube electrode to simultaneously transmit a laser beam and an electroforming liquid to the surface of the substrate, which not only well avoids the loss caused by the contact between the laser beam and the electroforming liquid during the transmission process, but also effectively reduces the action area of ​​the electroforming liquid on the substrate, thereby effectively improving the localization, forming accuracy, machining efficiency, and the density and performance of the formed part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of precision machining technology, and in particular to a machining method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite machining device. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of science and technology and materials, parts and components are gradually becoming miniaturized and integrated. In particular, metal microstructures play an increasingly important role in micro-products such as electronic packaging components, precision machinery, aerospace, and micro-electromechanical systems. However, it is difficult to achieve precision manufacturing of microstructures using a single mechanical processing or special processing technology.

[0003] In recent years, additive manufacturing technology (also known as 3D printing technology) has been favored by people in the scientific research and industrial application fields due to its wide range of applicable materials, cost savings, high processing efficiency and the ability to prepare complex shapes. It has also demonstrated unique advantages in aerospace, automotive molds, medical electronics, and national defense equipment.

[0004] Electrodeposition additive manufacturing technology, as an additive manufacturing technology developed using the theory of atomic layer-by-layer deposition, has become a research hotspot in the field of metal microstructure processing due to its low-temperature processing and ability to prepare precise microstructures with extremely low stress and a small number of defects.

[0005] As a typical maskless electrodeposition additive manufacturing technology, jet electrodeposition uses a nozzle instead of a solid anode as an anode tool, so that the electroforming liquid impacts the cathode surface from the nozzle and selectively deposits metal on the cathode. Due to its relatively high current density, its deposition rate is higher than that of traditional electrodeposition additive manufacturing technology. In the prior art, studies have shown that the use of laser heat, force and light effects can further increase the rate of jet electrodeposition, and due to the presence of high-energy lasers, parts with higher density and better performance can be prepared. However, in the developed laser-assisted jet electrodeposition technology, the laser is transmitted in the electroforming liquid, so the loss is large, and the nozzle only works above the cathode, which limits its development. Summary of the invention

[0006] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing laser-assisted jet electrodeposition technology has a large loss due to the transmission of laser in the electroforming liquid, and the nozzle only works above the cathode, thus limiting the deposition effect.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:

[0008] A processing method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device, wherein the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device comprises: a power supply, a substrate, a light source and a fiber tube electrode, wherein the substrate is used to be connected to the negative electrode of the power supply;

[0009] The optical fiber tube electrode comprises a metal tube electrode and the hollow optical fiber which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside, the metal tube electrode is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply, and an electroforming liquid circulation channel is provided inside the metal tube electrode;

[0010] The laser beam emitted by the light source is used to guide light through the hollow optical fiber and is focused on the axis of the metal tube electrode to complete the deposition of metal particles on the substrate together with the electroforming liquid to form a deposition layer;

[0011] The processing method comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1, fixing the substrate on the machine tool, connecting the substrate to the negative electrode of the power supply to form a cathode, connecting the optical fiber tube electrode to the positive electrode of the power supply to form an anode, and turning on the power supply;

[0013] S2, allowing the electroforming liquid to flow from the liquid supply tank into the electroforming liquid flow channel in the metal tube electrode of the optical fiber tube electrode and flow onto the substrate;

[0014] S3, allowing the laser beam emitted by the light source to pass through the hollow optical fiber in the optical fiber tube electrode and be emitted at the end of the hollow optical fiber to irradiate the substrate, so that the laser beam and the electroforming liquid can jointly complete the metal particle deposition to form a deposition layer.

[0015] The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device provided by the present invention has, compared with the prior art, but is not limited to the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The electroforming liquid flows onto the substrate through the electroforming liquid flow channel inside the metal tube electrode, and the laser beam is gathered on the surface of the substrate through the hollow optical fiber in the optical fiber tube electrode, so that the laser beam and the electroforming liquid can jointly complete the metal particle deposition to form a deposition layer; wherein the processing device uses the optical fiber tube electrode to simultaneously transmit the laser beam and the electroforming liquid to the surface of the substrate, which not only effectively avoids the loss caused by the contact between the laser beam and the electroforming liquid during the transmission process, but also effectively reduces the action area of ​​the electroforming liquid on the substrate, thereby effectively improving the localization, forming accuracy, processing efficiency, and the density and performance of the formed part.

[0017] Preferably, before step S1, the processing method further comprises using 3D software to establish a 3D model, and using slicing software to perform layered slicing to form a slicing file, and then importing the slicing file into a computer so that the optical fiber tube electrode moves along with the movement of the formed part trajectory; preparing an electroforming liquid of a required concentration, and adding the electroforming liquid into the liquid supply tank;

[0018] The substrate is pre-treated by grinding and polishing, and then surface degreasing, descaling and passivation. The substrate is fixed on the machine tool, and the X-axis and Y-axis of the machine tool are adjusted by observing the results fed back to the computer by the CCD camera II to find the processing position so that the laser beam is focused on the substrate surface.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2, the flow of the electroforming liquid is controlled by the computer, and the required flow rate of the electroforming liquid is obtained by adjusting the centrifugal pump and the regulating valve by observing the flow state of the electroforming liquid and the flow meter reading.

[0020] Preferably, in step S3, the processing method further includes confirming processing parameters and equipment status, starting each device through the computer, so that the optical fiber tube electrode is formed layer by layer along the trajectory of the established model to form a formed part, and monitoring the forming process through the results displayed by the computer.

[0021] Preferably, after step S3, the processing method further comprises performing a finishing treatment on the formed part.

[0022] Preferably, the finishing process comprises the following steps:

[0023] The first step: draining the waste liquid generated during the forming process into the waste liquid tank, and controlling the computer to start the gas supply device, using the gas sprayed from the gas nozzle to remove the waste liquid on the upper surface of the formed part;

[0024] Step 2: confirming the finishing parameters so that the laser beam emitted by the light source is emitted through the hollow optical fiber and irradiated onto the surface of the formed part, and then controlling the machine tool so that the machine tool performs finishing processing on the current layer along the planned trajectory;

[0025] The third step: transmitting the laser beam to the surface of the formed part through the hollow optical fiber, and at the same time, allowing deionized water to enter the processing gap between the lower end of the optical fiber tube electrode and the surface of the formed part through the metal tube electrode, so that the laser beam and the water jet are synchronously combined to perform finishing treatment on the formed part; after the treatment is completed, continuing the forming according to the current layer until the workpiece is formed.

[0026] Preferably, in step S3, a laser is used as a light source, and a portion of the laser beam emitted by the laser passes through a dichroic beam splitter, a conical lens I, a conical lens II, a laser beam splitting module and a reflector. The dichroic beam splitter is tilted and used to reflect the laser beam. The conical lens I, the conical lens II, the laser beam splitting module and the reflector are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the optical path of the laser beam reflected by the dichroic beam splitter; the reflector is tilted so that a ring-shaped light beam formed by reflection by the reflector is propagated into the optical fiber tube electrode.

[0027] Preferably, in step S3, the annular light beam formed by reflection by the reflector further passes through a photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism before entering the optical fiber tube electrode;

[0028] The photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism comprises a coupling mechanism body, a hollow metal tube, a hollow reflector and a laser beam combining module;

[0029] The hollow reflector and the laser beam combining module are sequentially arranged inside the coupling mechanism body from top to bottom, the hollow metal tube passes through the hollow reflector and the laser beam combining module, the upper end of the hollow metal tube is connected to the liquid supply tank, and the lower end of the hollow metal tube is connected to the metal tube electrode of the optical fiber tube electrode to form a closed electroplating liquid introduction passage.

[0030] Preferably, in step S3, another part of the laser beam emitted by the laser is irradiated onto CCD camera I through a filter and a convex lens to observe whether the laser, electroforming liquid, power supply and optical fiber tube electrode are accurately coupled, and to observe the state of the light spot focused on the substrate when the electroforming liquid is not injected, so as to realize the precise transmission of light-electro-liquid and their interaction;

[0031] The filter, the convex lens and the CCD camera I are located above the dichroic beam splitter and are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The CCD camera I is used to connect to an industrial computer, the industrial computer is used to connect to the computer, and the computer is used to connect to the power supply.

[0032] Preferably, in step S3, the laser beam entering the optical fiber tube electrode is guided through the hollow optical fiber and emitted from the focusing microlens structure at the lower end of the hollow optical fiber to form a focused solid light spot or a focused hollow annular light spot. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a laser beam splitting module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a laser beam combining module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the top view of the optical fiber tube electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 The cross-sectional structure of the optical fiber tube electrode of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 6 The cross-sectional structure of the optical fiber tube electrode of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 7 The cross-sectional structure of the optical fiber tube electrode of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ;

[0040] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure, gas supply device and gas nozzle structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 It is a physical diagram of the overall process structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Description of reference numerals:

[0043] 1 power supply, 10 oscilloscope, 2 substrate, 20 machine tool, 3 optical fiber tube electrode, 31 metal tube electrode, 310 electroforming liquid flow channel, 32 hollow optical fiber, 321 light guide matrix, 322 outer reflection layer, 323 light guide entrance, 324 light guide exit, 33 solid light spot, 34 hollow annular light spot, 4 computer, 41 gas supply device, 42 gas nozzle, 5 photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism, 51 coupling mechanism body, 52 hollow metal tube, 53 hollow reflector, 54 laser beam combining module, 541 light combining prism, 542 reflector IV, 543 reflector V, 544 hollow annular light beam, 6 laser generating mechanism, 60 laser beam, 61 laser, 62 dichroic beam splitter, 63 conical lens Ⅰ, 64 conical lens Ⅱ, 65 laser beam splitting module, 651 beam splitting prism, 652 reflector Ⅰ, 653 reflector Ⅱ, 654 two semicircular hollow ring beams, 66 reflector, 67 filter, 68 convex lens, 691 CCD camera Ⅰ, 692 CCD camera Ⅱ, 7 industrial computer, 8 liquid supply tank, 81 centrifugal pump, 82 flow meter, 83 regulating valve, 84 filtering device, 85 waste liquid tank, 86 liquid supply pipeline, 9 forming part, 90 working cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following is a further detailed description of the implementation of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that, in the coordinate system XZ provided in this document, the positive direction of the X-axis represents the right, the negative direction of the X-axis represents the left, the positive direction of the Z-axis represents the top, and the negative direction of the Z-axis represents the bottom; the meanings of the Z-axis and the X-axis are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0047] See also Figure 1-Figure 9 The present invention provides a processing method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device, wherein the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device comprises: a power supply 1, a substrate 2, a light source and a fiber tube electrode 3, wherein the substrate 2 is used to be connected to the negative electrode of the power supply 1;

[0048] See also Figure 4-Figure 5 The optical fiber tube electrode 3 includes a metal tube electrode 31, a hollow optical fiber 32 and a reflective layer which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside. The metal tube electrode 31 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply 1, and an electroforming liquid circulation channel 310 is provided inside the metal tube electrode 31;

[0049] The laser beam 60 emitted by the light source is used to guide light through the hollow optical fiber 32 and is focused on the axis of the metal tube electrode 31 to complete the deposition of metal particles on the substrate 2 together with the electroforming liquid to form a deposition layer.

[0050] In this embodiment, the electroforming liquid flows onto the substrate 2 through the electroforming liquid flow channel 310 inside the metal tube electrode 31, and the laser beam 60 is gathered on the surface of the substrate 2 through the hollow optical fiber 32 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3, so that the laser beam 60 and the electroforming liquid jointly complete the metal particle deposition to form a deposition layer; wherein, the processing device utilizes the optical fiber tube electrode 3 to simultaneously transmit the laser beam 60 and the electroforming liquid to the surface of the substrate 2, which not only well avoids the loss caused by the contact between the laser beam 60 and the electroforming liquid during the transmission process, but also effectively reduces the effective area of ​​the electroforming liquid on the substrate 2, thereby effectively improving the localization, forming accuracy, processing efficiency, and the density and performance of the formed part 9.

[0051] Specifically, the metal tube electrode 31 is embedded in the hollow optical fiber 32, and the hollow optical fiber 32 includes a light-guiding matrix 321 and an outer reflective layer 322 coated on the outer wall of the light-guiding matrix 321. The material of the hollow optical fiber 32 is quartz glass; the outer diameter range of the light-guiding matrix 321 is 0.15-1.5mm, and the inner diameter range of the light-guiding matrix 321 is 0.1-1mm; the material of the outer reflective layer 322 is any one of gold, silver, copper and aluminum; the thickness range of the outer reflective layer 322 is 5μm-30μm.

[0052] The metal tube electrode 31 is a hollow tubular structure; the material of the metal tube electrode 31 is any one of stainless steel, copper and titanium, etc.; the diameter of the metal tube electrode 31 ranges from 10 μm to 500 μm.

[0053] The upper end of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 is located at the upper end of the hollow optical fiber 32 and is provided with a light guide inlet 323 , and the lower end of the hollow optical fiber 32 is provided with a light guide outlet 324 .

[0054] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 Preferably, the optical fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device also includes an optoelectronic liquid coupling mechanism 5 installed on the upper end of the optical fiber tube electrode 3, and the optoelectronic liquid coupling mechanism 5 includes a coupling mechanism body 51, a hollow metal tube 52, a hollow reflector 53 and a laser beam combining module 54; wherein the hollow metal tube 52 is a copper tube.

[0055] Specifically, the laser beam combining module 54 includes a light combining prism 541 , a reflector IV 542 and a reflector V 543 .

[0056] The upper end of the coupling mechanism body 51 has a laser inlet, and the interior of the coupling mechanism body 51 is provided with the hollow reflector 53 and the laser beam combining module 54 in sequence from top to bottom. The hollow metal tube 52 passes through the hollow reflector 53 and the laser beam combining module 54. The upper end of the hollow metal tube 52 is connected to the liquid supply tank 8, and the lower end of the hollow metal tube 52 is connected to the metal tube electrode 31 of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 to form a closed electroforming liquid introduction passage.

[0057] In this embodiment, the hollow metal tube 52 passes through the hollow reflector 53 fixed in the photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism 5 and the light combining prism 541 in the laser beam combining module 54, and its upper end is connected to the liquid supply tank 8, and its lower end is connected to the metal tube electrode 31 embedded in the light guide matrix 321 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3, so that the electroforming liquid enters the hollow metal tube 52 from the liquid supply tank 8, and then flows into the processing gap along the electroforming liquid circulation channel 310. Among them, the lower end of the photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism 5 is connected to the optical fiber tube electrode 3, so as to facilitate the laser beam 60 and the electroforming liquid to be introduced into the light guide matrix 321 and the metal tube electrode 31 respectively.

[0058] See also Figure 1 Specifically, the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device also includes an electroforming liquid processing mechanism, which includes a liquid supply tank 8, a centrifugal pump 81, a flow meter 82, a regulating valve 83, a filter device 84 and a waste liquid tank 85. The filter device 84 and the centrifugal pump 81 are installed in the liquid supply tank 8 and are filled with the electroforming liquid. The liquid supply tank 8 is connected to a liquid supply pipe 86, and is connected to the hollow metal tube 52 through the liquid supply pipe 86. The regulating valve 83 and the flow meter 82 are provided on the liquid supply pipe 86.

[0059] In this embodiment, under the joint action of the filter device 84, the centrifugal pump 81, the regulating valve 83 and the flow meter 82, the electroforming liquid is introduced into the hollow metal tube 52 fixed in the coupling mechanism body 51, and the electroforming liquid flows from the liquid supply pipe 86 into the hollow metal tube 52 and is introduced into the processing gap along the electroforming liquid circulation channel 310, thereby facilitating the deposition of metal particles. In the transmission process, the pressure of the centrifugal pump 81 and the regulating valve 83 can be adjusted by observing the flow meter 82 and obtaining the electroforming liquid flow rate required for processing.

[0060] Specifically, the hollow metal tube 52 , the hollow reflector 53 , the coupling mechanism body 51 , the laser beam combining module 54 and the optical fiber tube electrode 3 are coaxially arranged.

[0061] In this embodiment, the coaxial arrangement of the above structure is beneficial to reducing the loss of the electroforming liquid and the laser beam 60 during transmission, and is beneficial to increasing the speed of the electroforming liquid and the laser beam 60 during transmission, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0062] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 Preferably, the optoelectronic liquid coupling mechanism 5 also includes the laser generating mechanism 6, and the laser generating mechanism 6 includes a laser 61, a dichroic beam splitter 62, a conical lens I 63, a conical lens II 64, a laser beam splitting module 65 and a reflector 66.

[0063] Specifically, the laser beam splitting module 65 includes a beam splitting prism 651 , a reflector I 652 and a reflector II 653 .

[0064] The laser 61 is used to emit the laser beam 60, the dichroic beam splitter 62 is tilted, the dichroic beam splitter 62 is used to reflect the laser beam 60, and the conical lens I 63, the conical lens II 64, the laser beam splitting module 65 and the reflector 66 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the optical path of the laser beam 60 reflected by the dichroic beam splitter 62;

[0065] The reflector 66 is tilted so that the annular light beam formed by reflection by the reflector 66 enters the coupling mechanism body 51 and propagates to the optical fiber tube electrode 3 .

[0066] Specifically, after the laser beam 60 is emitted by the laser 61, it is irradiated on the dichroic beam splitter 62, so that part of the laser beam 60 is irradiated on the conical lens I 63 and the conical lens II 64 to form a hollow annular beam 544, and then irradiated on the laser beam splitting module 65 to form two semicircular hollow annular beams 654. The two semicircular hollow annular beams 544 are reflected by the reflector 66 and irradiated on the laser beam combining module 54, so as to form a complete hollow annular beam 544, and coupled with the light-guiding matrix 321 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3.

[0067] Preferably, the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device further includes an industrial computer 7 and a computer 4 connected to the industrial computer 7 , and the computer 4 is used to be connected to the power supply 1 .

[0068] Specifically, the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device also includes an oscilloscope 10, one end of the power supply 1 is connected to the industrial computer 7, and the other end of the power supply 1 is connected to the oscilloscope 10; the electroforming liquid flows from the hollow metal tube 52 to the electroforming liquid flow channel 310 to form an anode conductive path composed of the hollow metal tube 52 and the fiber tube electrode 3, the substrate 2 is placed in the working cavity 90 with an upper opening, and the substrate 2 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply 1 to form a cathode conductive path. A passage is provided in which electroforming liquid is input into the working chamber 90 to form a conductive passage; a waste liquid outlet is provided on the working chamber 90, and a waste liquid pipe is connected to the waste liquid outlet, and the other end of the waste liquid pipe is connected to the waste liquid tank 85, and the regulating valve 83 is also provided on the waste liquid pipe; a connecting pipe is provided between the liquid supply tank 8 and the waste liquid tank 85, and a filtering device 84 is installed on the connecting pipe, and the filtering device 84 is used to filter the waste liquid in the waste liquid tank 85 and flow it into the liquid supply tank 8 to achieve recycling.

[0069] In this embodiment, during operation, the centrifugal pump 81 is controlled by the computer 4 to start the supply of the electroforming liquid, that is, the electroforming liquid first passes through the filter device 84, and then passes through the centrifugal pump 81, the regulating valve 83, the flow meter 82, the hollow metal tube 52 and the metal tube electrode 31, thereby obtaining the electroforming liquid with the required flow rate for the processing gap, so that the electroforming liquid in the liquid supply tank 8 enters the processing gap along the electroforming liquid flow channel 310. The waste liquid flowing out of the processing gap flows into the working cavity 90, and flows through the waste liquid pipeline along the waste liquid outlet and enters the waste liquid tank 85. The electroforming liquid in the working cavity 90 is discharged in a controllable manner by adjusting the regulating valve 83. In addition, the waste liquid entering the waste liquid tank 85 can be reused as electroforming liquid after being filtered by the filter device 84.

[0070] The laser generating mechanism 6 further includes a filter 67, a convex lens 68 and a CCD camera I 691 which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top and are located above the dichroic beam splitter 62. The CCD camera I 691 is used to connect to the industrial computer 7.

[0071] Another part of the laser beam 60 emitted by the laser 61 passes through the filter 67 and the convex lens 68 and irradiates the CCD camera I 691 .

[0072] Specifically, the laser 61 is also connected to the industrial computer 7 .

[0073] In this embodiment, the laser 61, the power supply 1, the CCD camera I 691, the machine tool 20 and the centrifugal pump 81 are started by the computer 4, so that the laser beam 60 passes through the dichroic beam splitter 62, and then shines on the conical lens II 64 to form a hollow annular beam 544, and then shines on the reflector 66, and is reflected on the hollow reflector 53 in the coupling mechanism body 51. After being reflected by the hollow reflector 53, it is introduced into the light guide inlet 323 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3, and then enters the optical fiber tube electrode 3, undergoes total reflection inside it, and is led out at the focusing light guide outlet 324, thereby forming a focused light spot on the surface of the substrate 2.

[0074] See also Figure 6-Figure 7 Preferably, a focusing microlens structure is provided at the lower end of the hollow optical fiber 32 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3 for focusing into a solid light spot 33 or a hollow annular light spot 34 .

[0075] Specifically, the lower end of the light-guiding matrix 321 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3 is processed into a focusing microlens structure, which is used to form a solid light spot 33 or a hollow annular light spot 34. When the solid light spot 33 allows the laser to be concentrated in the electrodeposition area, the density and performance of the formed part 9 can be effectively improved; when the hollow annular light spot 34 allows the laser to be focused on the area around the electrodeposition, the residual deposits around it can be etched away, thereby effectively improving the localization and processing accuracy of the processing.

[0076] The optical fiber tube electrode 3 can be used only with the hollow optical fiber 32, that is, only the light-guiding matrix 321 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3 is used as the light-guiding medium, and then only the laser is transmitted to the surface of the formed part 9. This structure removes materials by laser ablation technology.

[0077] Alternatively, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 can be used only with the metal tube electrode 31, that is, it can be used only as a liquid conducting medium to only transmit saline solution or deionized water to the surface of the formed part 9, and the metal structure can be deposited by using the electrodeposition technology;

[0078] Alternatively, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 can also be used with only the hollow optical fiber 32 and the metal tube electrode 31, that is, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 can be used as a medium for guiding light and liquid, thereby transmitting laser and solution to the surface of the formed part 9, forming a water jet assisted laser processing technology to remove materials.

[0079] Specifically, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 can penetrate into the interior of the workpiece, and after being combined with the rotating tooling, the internal damage of the metal parts can be repaired.

[0080] See also Figure 1 and Fig. 9The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device comprises the following steps:

[0081] S1, fix the substrate 2 on the machine tool 20, connect the substrate 2 to the negative electrode of the power supply 1 to form a cathode, connect the optical fiber tube electrode 3 to the positive electrode of the power supply 1 to form an anode, and turn on the power supply 1;

[0082] S2, allowing the electroforming liquid to flow from the liquid supply tank 8 into the electroforming liquid flow channel 310 in the metal tube electrode 31 of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 and flow onto the substrate 2;

[0083] S3, the laser beam 60 emitted by the light source passes through the hollow optical fiber 32 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3, and is emitted from the end of the hollow optical fiber 32 to irradiate the substrate 2, so that the laser beam 60 and the electroforming liquid can jointly complete the metal particle deposition to form a deposition layer.

[0084] Specifically, after the laser beam 60 is emitted from the laser 61, it is irradiated on the dichroic beam splitter 62, so that a part of the laser beam 60 is irradiated on the conical lens I 63, and then acts on the conical lens II 64 to form a hollow annular beam 544, and then irradiates the laser beam splitting module 65. The laser beam 60 entering the laser beam splitting module 65 is split by the beam splitting prism 651, and then reflected on the reflector I 652 and the reflector II 653, and then reflected by the reflector I 652 and the reflector II 653 to the reflector 66, and then reflected to the laser beam combining module 54. The laser beam 60 reflected on the laser beam combining module 54 passes through the light combining prism 541, the reflector IV 542 and the reflector V 543, and then is emitted from the reflector IV 542 and the reflector V 543, and is coupled with the light guide matrix 321 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3, and then is incident into the light guide matrix 321 from the light guide entrance 323 in the optical fiber tube electrode 3. The laser beam 60 formed by the laser beam splitting module 65 is two semicircular hollow ring beams 654, while the laser beam 60 formed by the laser beam combining module 54 is a complete hollow ring beam 544.

[0085] The laser beam 60 entering the light-guiding matrix 321 is totally reflected in the light-guiding matrix 321 under the action of the outer reflection layer 322 and the metal tube electrode 31, and is emitted at the light-guiding outlet 324. The light-guiding outlet 324 is processed into a focusing microlens structure of a focusing type, thereby forming a solid light spot 33 or a hollow annular light spot 34. Among them, the solid light spot 33 allows the laser to be concentrated in the electrodeposition area. When the laser energy density is high, the forming layer of the atomic layer deposition can be melted and solidified quickly, thereby effectively improving the density and performance of the formed part 9. The hollow annular light spot 34 allows the laser to focus on the area around the electrodeposition, which can well etch away the residual sediments around it, thereby effectively improving the localization and processing accuracy of the processing.

[0086] See also Fig. 9 Preferably, before step S1, the processing method further comprises using 3D software to establish a 3D model, and using slicing software to perform layered slicing to form a slicing file, and then importing the slicing file into a computer 4, so that the optical fiber tube electrode 3 moves along with the movement of the trajectory of the forming part 9;

[0087] Prepare an electroforming liquid of a desired concentration, and add the electroforming liquid into the liquid supply tank 8;

[0088] The substrate 2 is pre-treated by grinding and polishing, and then surface degreasing, descaling and passivation. The substrate 2 is fixed on the machine tool 20, and the processing position is found by adjusting the X-axis and Y-axis of the machine tool 20 so that the laser beam 60 is focused on the surface of the substrate 2.

[0089] Specifically, the substrate 2 is first ground and polished with SiC sandpaper, and then surface degreasing, descaling and passivation are performed with distilled water, acetone and dilute sulfuric acid solution. It is then fixed on the machine tool 20, and a suitable processing position is found by adjusting the X-axis and Y-axis of the machine tool 20.

[0090] Preferably, in step S2, the flow of the electroplating liquid is controlled by the computer 4, the result fed back to the computer 4 by the CCD camera II 692 is observed, the flow state of the electroplating liquid and the reading of the flow meter 82 are observed, and the centrifugal pump 81 and the regulating valve 83 are adjusted to obtain the required flow rate of the electroplating liquid.

[0091] Preferably, in step S3, the processing method further includes confirming processing parameters and equipment status, starting each device through the computer 4, so that the optical fiber tube electrode 3 is formed layer by layer along the trajectory of the established model to form a formed part 9, and the forming process is monitored by the results displayed by the computer 4.

[0092] Specifically, while confirming the processing parameters and the equipment status, the computer 4 is controlled to start each system so that the part consisting of the conical lens I 63, the conical lens II 64, the laser beam splitting module 65, the reflector 66, the laser beam combining module 54, the optical fiber tube electrode 3 and the optoelectronic liquid coupling mechanism 5 is formed layer by layer along the trajectory of the established model, and the forming process is monitored by the results displayed on the computer 4.

[0093] See also Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Preferably, after step S3, the processing method further comprises performing a finishing treatment on the formed part 9.

[0094] Specifically, when the surface quality of the formed part is poor, the finishing treatment step is used to perform the finishing treatment.

[0095] Preferably, the finishing process comprises the following steps:

[0096] The first step: drain the waste liquid generated during the forming process into the waste liquid tank 85, and control the computer 4 to start the gas supply device 41, and use the gas sprayed from the gas nozzle 42 to remove the waste liquid on the upper surface of the formed part 9.

[0097] Step 2: confirm the finishing parameters so that the laser beam 60 emitted by the light source is emitted through the hollow optical fiber 32 and irradiated on the surface of the formed part 9, and then control the machine tool 20 so that the machine tool 20 performs finishing processing on the current layer along the planned trajectory.

[0098] Specifically, in confirming the finishing parameters, the computer 4 is controlled to turn on the photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism 5 and the optical fiber electrode, so that the laser 61 emits the laser beam 60, and successively passes through the dichroic beam splitter 62, the conical lens I 63, the conical lens II 64, the laser beam splitting module 65, the reflector 66, the laser beam combining module 54 and the light guide substrate 321, and then emerges from the light guide outlet 324 and irradiates the surface of the formed part 9, and then the machine tool 20 is controlled to perform finishing processing on the current layer along the planned trajectory.

[0099] Step 3: Transmit the laser beam 60 to the surface of the formed part 9 through the hollow optical fiber 32. At the same time, allow deionized water to enter the processing gap between the lower end of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 and the surface of the formed part 9 through the metal tube electrode 31, so that the laser beam 60 and the water jet are synchronously combined to perform finishing treatment on the formed part 9; after the treatment is completed, continue forming according to the current layer until the workpiece is formed.

[0100] In this embodiment, the polishing step is helpful to solve the problems of recast layer and micro cracks caused by thermal effect.

[0101] Preferably, in step S3, a laser 61 is used as a light source, and a portion of the laser beam 60 emitted by the laser 61 passes through a dichroic beam splitter 62, a conical lens I 63, a conical lens II 64, a laser beam splitting module 65 and a reflector 66. The dichroic beam splitter 62 is tilted and used to reflect the laser beam 60. The conical lens I 63, the conical lens II 64, the laser beam splitting module 65 and the reflector 66 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the optical path of the laser beam 60 reflected by the dichroic beam splitter 62; the reflector 66 is tilted so that the annular light beam formed by reflection by the reflector 66 is propagated into the optical fiber tube electrode 3.

[0102] Preferably, in step S3, the annular light beam formed by reflection by the reflector 66 also passes through the photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism 5 and then enters the optical fiber tube electrode 3;

[0103] The photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism 5 includes a coupling mechanism body 51, a hollow metal tube 52, a hollow reflector 53 and a laser beam combining module 54;

[0104] The hollow reflector 53 and the laser beam combining module 54 are sequentially arranged inside the coupling mechanism body 51 from top to bottom. The hollow metal tube 52 passes through the hollow reflector 53 and the laser beam combining module 54. The upper end of the hollow metal tube 52 is connected to the liquid supply tank 8, and the lower end of the hollow metal tube 52 is connected to the metal tube electrode 31 of the optical fiber tube electrode 3 to form a closed electroplating liquid introduction passage.

[0105] Preferably, in step S3, another part of the laser beam 60 emitted by the laser 61 is irradiated onto the CCD camera I 691 through the filter 67 and the convex lens 68, so as to observe whether the laser, the electroforming liquid, the power supply and the optical fiber tube electrode are accurately coupled, and to observe the state of the light spot focused on the substrate when the electroforming liquid is not injected, so as to realize the precise transmission of light, electricity and liquid and their interaction.

[0106] The filter 67, the convex lens 68 and the CCD camera I691 are located above the dichroic beam splitter 62 and are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The CCD camera I691 is used to connect to the industrial computer 7, the industrial computer 7 is used to connect to the computer 4, and the computer 4 is used to connect to the power supply 1.

[0107] Preferably, in step S3 , the laser beam 60 entering the optical fiber tube electrode 3 is guided through the hollow optical fiber 32 and emitted from the focusing microlens structure at the lower end of the hollow optical fiber 32 to form a solid light spot 33 or a hollow annular light spot 34 .

[0108] Although the disclosure is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A processing method based on a fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device, characterized in that: The optical fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device comprises: a power supply (1), a substrate (2), a light source and an optical fiber tube electrode (3), wherein the substrate (2) is used to be connected to the negative electrode of the power supply (1); The optical fiber tube electrode (3) comprises a metal tube electrode (31) and a hollow optical fiber (32) which are sequentially sleeved from the inside to the outside, the metal tube electrode (31) is connected to the positive pole of the power source (1), and an electroforming liquid circulation channel (310) is provided inside the metal tube electrode (31); The laser beam (60) emitted by the light source is used to guide light through the hollow optical fiber (32) and is focused on the axis of the metal tube electrode (31) to complete metal particle deposition on the substrate (2) together with the electroforming liquid to form a deposition layer; The processing method comprises the following steps: S1, fixing the substrate (2) on the machine tool (20), connecting the substrate (2) to the negative pole of the power supply (1), connecting the optical fiber tube electrode (3) to the positive pole of the power supply (1), and turning on the power supply (1); S2, allowing the electroforming liquid to flow from the liquid supply tank (8) into the electroforming liquid flow channel (310) in the metal tube electrode (31) of the optical fiber tube electrode (3) and flow onto the substrate (2); S3, allowing the laser beam (60) emitted by the light source to pass through the hollow optical fiber (32) in the optical fiber tube electrode (3), and to be emitted at the end of the hollow optical fiber (32) to irradiate the substrate (2), so that the laser beam (60) and the electroforming liquid can jointly complete the metal particle deposition to form a deposition layer; in step S3, a laser (61) is used as a light source, and a portion of the laser beam (60) emitted by the laser (61) passes through a dichroic beam splitter (62), a conical lens I (63), a conical lens II (64), and a laser beam splitting module (65). and a reflector (66), the dichroic beam splitter (62) being arranged at an angle, the dichroic beam splitter (62) being used to reflect the laser beam (60), the conical lens I (63), the conical lens II (64), the laser beam splitting module (65) and the reflector (66) being arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the optical path of the laser beam (60) reflected by the dichroic beam splitter (62); the reflector (66) being arranged at an angle so that the annular light beam formed by the reflection of the reflector (66) is propagated into the optical fiber tube electrode (3); The annular light beam formed by reflection by the reflector (66) also passes through the photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism (5) and then enters the optical fiber tube electrode (3); The photoelectric liquid coupling mechanism (5) comprises a coupling mechanism body (51), a hollow metal tube (52), a hollow reflector (53) and a laser beam combining module (54); The coupling mechanism body (51) is provided with the hollow reflector (53) and the laser beam combining module (54) in sequence from top to bottom, the hollow metal tube (52) passes through the hollow reflector (53) and the laser beam combining module (54), the upper end of the hollow metal tube (52) is connected to the liquid supply tank (8), and the lower end of the hollow metal tube (52) is connected to the metal tube electrode (31) of the optical fiber tube electrode (3), so as to form a closed electroforming liquid introduction passage; In step S3, the laser beam (60) entering the optical fiber tube electrode (3) is guided through the hollow optical fiber (32) and emitted from the focusing microlens structure at the lower end of the hollow optical fiber (32) to form a focused solid light spot (33) or a focused hollow annular light spot (34).

2. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Before step S1, the method further includes using three-dimensional software to establish a three-dimensional model, and using slicing software to perform layered slicing to form a slicing file, and then importing the slicing file into a computer (4) so ​​that the optical fiber tube electrode (3) moves along with the movement of the formed part trajectory; Preparing an electroforming liquid of a desired concentration, and adding the electroforming liquid into the liquid supply tank (8); The substrate (2) is pre-treated by first grinding and polishing, and then surface degreasing, descaling and passivation. The substrate (2) is fixed on the machine tool (20), and the X-axis and Y-axis of the machine tool (20) are adjusted by observing the results fed back to the computer (4) by the CCD camera II (692) to find the processing position so that the laser beam (60) is focused on the surface of the substrate (2).

3. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S2, the flow of the electroforming liquid is controlled by the computer (4), and the required flow rate of the electroforming liquid is obtained by adjusting the centrifugal pump and the regulating valve (83) by observing the flow state of the electroforming liquid and the reading of the flow meter (82).

4. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S3, it also includes confirming the processing parameters and equipment status, starting each device through the computer (4), so that the optical fiber tube electrode (3) is formed layer by layer along the trajectory of the established model to form a formed part (9), and at the same time, the forming process is monitored through the results displayed by the computer (4).

5. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: After step S3, the process further includes performing a finishing treatment on the formed part (9).

6. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The finishing process comprises the following steps: The first step is to discharge the waste liquid generated during the forming process into the waste liquid tank (85), and control the computer (4) to start the gas supply device (41), and use the gas sprayed from the gas nozzle (42) to remove the waste liquid on the upper surface of the formed part (9); Step 2: confirming the finishing parameters so that the laser beam (60) emitted by the light source is emitted through the hollow optical fiber (32) and irradiated onto the surface of the formed part (9), and then controlling the machine tool (20) so that the machine tool (20) performs finishing processing on the current layer along the planned trajectory; The third step: the laser beam (60) is transmitted to the surface of the formed part (9) through the hollow optical fiber (32), and at the same time, deionized water is allowed to enter the processing gap between the lower end of the optical fiber tube electrode (3) and the surface of the formed part (9) through the metal tube electrode (31), so that the laser beam (60) and the water jet are synchronously combined to perform finishing treatment on the formed part (9); after the treatment is completed, the forming is continued according to the current layer until the workpiece is formed.

7. The processing method based on the fiber laser and electrodeposition coaxial composite processing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step S3, another part of the laser beam (60) emitted by the laser (61) is irradiated onto the CCD camera I (691) through the filter (67) and the convex lens (68); The filter (67), the convex lens (68) and the CCD camera I (691) are located above the dichroic beam splitter (62) and are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The CCD camera I (691) is connected to an industrial computer (7), the industrial computer (7) is used to connect to the computer (4), and the computer (4) is used to connect to the power supply (1).

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