Reactor safety protection system

Abstract

The invention discloses a reactor safety protection system, comprising a thermal insulation layer, a heat dissipation barrier and a cooling box. The heat dissipation barrier is annular, is vertically arranged and sleeved outside the reactor, and both the heat dissipation barrier and the reactor are wrapped in the thermal insulation layer. The cooling box has a liquid inlet, a cooling cavity is provided inside the heat dissipation barrier, a pressure relief port is provided at the upper end of the reactor, and a pressure relief mechanism is provided at the pressure relief port. The pressure relief nozzle of the pressure relief mechanism is connected with one end of a pressure relief pipe, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe is extended inwardly into the cooling box and immersed under the liquid level in the cooling box. A first interface connected with the cooling cavity is provided at the lower end of the heat dissipation barrier, and a second interface is provided at the lower end of the cooling box. The first interface and the second interface are connected through a valve. An overflow port connected with the cooling cavity is provided at the upper end of the heat dissipation barrier. The structure is simple and the safety is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear reactor safety, and in particular relates to a reactor safety protection system. Background Art

[0002] In order to ensure the radioactive safety of the miniaturized reactor under operating conditions and accident conditions, the reactor must have radiation shielding, residual heat removal and overpressure relief functions to meet the requirements of radiation shielding during reactor operation, residual heat removal under heat sink accident conditions and primary circuit overpressure relief. In the prior art, the above functions are usually performed by different equipment. These equipment have numerous components and complex system settings, which increases the volume and weight of the supporting system of the miniaturized reactor, which is not conducive to the overall mobile transportation of the miniaturized reactor, especially the realization of road transportation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a reactor safety protection system which has a simple structure and can meet the radiation shielding requirements, heat removal requirements and pressure relief requirements of a miniaturized nuclear reactor.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a reactor safety protection system, comprising an insulation layer, a heat dissipation barrier and a cooling box, the heat dissipation barrier is annular, the heat dissipation barrier is vertically arranged and sleeved outside the reactor, and the heat dissipation barrier and the reactor are both wrapped in the insulation layer, the cooling box is arranged outside the insulation layer, the cooling box has a liquid inlet, the cooling box is used to contain coolant, the heat dissipation barrier has a cooling cavity inside, the upper end of the reactor has a pressure relief port, and a pressure relief mechanism is arranged at the pressure relief port, the pressure relief nozzle of the pressure relief mechanism is connected with one end of a pressure relief pipe, the other end of the pressure relief pipe extends inwardly into the cooling box and is immersed below the liquid level in the cooling box, the lower end of the heat dissipation barrier is provided with a first interface connected with the cooling cavity, the lower end of the cooling box is provided with a second interface, the first interface and the second interface are connected through a valve, and the upper end of the heat dissipation barrier is provided with an overflow port connected with the cooling cavity.

[0005] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the high-pressure steam and water discharged from the reactor through the pressure relief mechanism can be introduced into the cooling box for cooling and reducing the pressure. At the same time, the valve can be opened to allow the coolant in the cooling box to pass through the valve row and be placed in the heat dissipation insulation layer, thereby cooling the reactor. The coolant in the cooling chamber is vaporized into a gaseous state and finally discharged through the overflow port.

[0006] The heat dissipation insulation layer in the above technical solution includes a top ring tube, a bottom ring tube and a plurality of risers, the top ring tube and the bottom ring tube are both horizontally arranged and spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the reactor in the up and down directions, a plurality of risers are vertically arranged and surrounded outside the reactor, the two ends of each of the risers are respectively connected and communicated with the top ring tube and the bottom ring tube, the overflow port is arranged on the top ring tube, and the first interface is arranged on the bottom ring tube.

[0007] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the coolant is diverted to multiple risers through the bottom ring pipe, and the water vapor after the coolant is vaporized is collected by multiple top ring pipes and discharged through the overflow port.

[0008] The upper end and the lower end of the cooling cavity described in the above technical solution are both expansion cavities.

[0009] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that its structure is simple, so that the area of ​​the cooling cavity between the two expanded cavities is thinner than the expanded cavity, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of the coolant in the cooling cavity, thereby improving the cooling effect.

[0010] The above technical solution also includes a sealed cabin, and the cooling box, heat dissipation barrier, thermal insulation layer, pressure relief mechanism and reactor are all arranged in the sealed cabin.

[0011] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that by arranging a sealed cabin on the outer cover of the cooling box, the leakage of radiation energy can be effectively prevented, and it has high safety.

[0012] The pressure relief mechanism described in the above technical solution is a pressure relief valve.

[0013] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that when the pressure in the reactor exceeds the standard, the pressure relief mechanism can directly relieve the pressure by itself to ensure the safe operation of the reactor.

[0014] The above technical solution also includes a liquid collecting box, which has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the overflow port is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid collecting box, and the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting box is connected to the liquid inlet of the cooling box.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the water vapor discharged from the overflow port is collected by the liquid collecting tank, and the cooling liquid is replenished into the cooling box in real time by the liquid collecting tank, thereby realizing the circulation of the cooling liquid.

[0016] The above technical solution also includes a radiator, which has a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The overflow port is connected to the liquid inlet of the radiator, and the liquid outlet of the radiator is connected to the liquid inlet of the liquid collecting tank.

[0017] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the water vapor discharged from the overflow port is cooled and liquefied by the radiator.

[0018] The cooling box in the above technical solution is annular, vertically arranged and sleeved outside the insulation layer.

[0019] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the distribution of the cooling boxes outside the insulation layer is made more compact.

[0020] In the above technical solution, there are multiple cooling boxes, and the multiple cooling boxes are distributed in a ring shape outside the insulation layer. The lower end of the heat dissipation insulation layer is provided with multiple first interfaces at annular intervals. The multiple cooling boxes correspond to the multiple first interfaces, and each of the first interfaces is connected to the corresponding second interface through a valve. The other end of the pressure relief pipe extends into any one of the cooling boxes, and the liquid inlet of each cooling box is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting tank.

[0021] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that multiple cooling boxes are arranged outside the insulation layer (the volume of a single cooling box can be reduced), and multiple cooling boxes are arranged in a circle outside the insulation layer, making its structure more compact and more resistant to risks.

[0022] In the above technical solution, there are multiple pressure relief mechanisms, and the upper end of the reactor is provided with multiple pressure relief ports, and the multiple pressure relief ports correspond one-to-one to the multiple pressure relief mechanisms. Each of the pressure relief mechanisms is installed at the corresponding pressure relief port, and the pressure relief nozzle of each of the pressure relief mechanisms is connected to one end of a pressure relief pipe, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe extends into the cooling box.

[0023] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that it can make the reactor safer and avoid the failure of a single pressure relief mechanism to operate, causing the reactor to operate in an overheated and overpressured state.

[0024] In the above technical solution, two cooling boxes and two pressure relief mechanisms are provided, and the two pressure relief mechanisms correspond to the two cooling boxes one by one. Two pressure relief ports are provided at the upper end of the reactor, and a pressure relief mechanism is installed at each pressure relief port. The pressure relief nozzle of each pressure relief mechanism is connected to one end of a pressure relief pipe, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe is extended into the corresponding cooling box.

[0025] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that by providing two cooling boxes and two pressure relief mechanisms, the safety of the reactor can be improved through redundant design.

[0026] The valve in the above technical solution is a pneumatic valve, and the air control port of the valve is connected to the air outlet of the external air source or to the corresponding pressure relief nozzle of the pressure relief mechanism.

[0027] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the valve can open automatically when the pressure relief mechanism releases pressure to cool the reactor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a reactor safety protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the distribution of the reactor, heat dissipation barrier, thermal insulation layer and cooling box in a top view according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of two cooling boxes in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a simplified structural diagram of the cooling box and the pressure relief mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention, which are both provided with two;

[0032] Figure 5 is an expanded view of the heat dissipation barrier described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 2 is another schematic structural diagram of the heat dissipation barrier layer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1 insulation layer, 2 heat dissipation barrier, 21 first interface, 22 top ring pipe, 23 bottom ring pipe, 24 riser, 25 expansion chamber, 3 cooling box, 31 second interface, 4 reactor, 41 pressure relief mechanism, 42 pressure relief pipe, 5 valve, 6 sealed cabin, 7 liquid collecting tank, 8 radiator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a reactor safety protection system, including a thermal insulation layer 1, a heat dissipation barrier 2, a cooling box 3, a liquid collecting box 7 and a radiator 8, wherein the heat dissipation barrier 2 is annular, and the heat dissipation barrier 2 is vertically arranged and sleeved outside the reactor 4, and the heat dissipation barrier 2 and the reactor 4 are both wrapped in the thermal insulation layer 1, and the cooling box 3 is vertically arranged outside the thermal insulation layer 1, and the cooling box 3 has a liquid inlet, and the cooling box 3 is used to contain coolant, and the heat dissipation barrier 2 has a cooling cavity inside, and the upper end of the reactor 4 has a pressure relief port, and a pressure relief mechanism 41 is arranged at the pressure relief port, and the pressure relief nozzle of the pressure relief mechanism 41 is connected to one end of a pressure relief pipe 42, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe 42 extends inwardly into the cooling box 3. , and immersed below the liquid level in the cooling box 3, the lower end of the heat dissipation barrier 2 is provided with a first interface 21 connected to the cooling cavity, the lower end of the cooling box 3 is provided with a second interface 31, the first interface 21 and the second interface 31 are connected through a valve 5, the upper end of the heat dissipation barrier 2 is provided with an overflow port connected to the cooling cavity, the collecting tank 7 and the radiator 8 both have a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the overflow port is connected to the liquid inlet of the radiator 8, the liquid outlet of the radiator 8 (the radiator can be a condenser, preferably a plate condenser, and of course an air-cooled condenser can also be used) is connected to the liquid inlet of the collecting tank 7, and the liquid outlet of the collecting tank 7 is connected to the liquid inlet of the cooling box 3, wherein the coolant can be desalted water. The principle is: the liquid collecting tank stores coolant, and the cooling box has coolant. Since the reactor generates a lot of heat and water vapor during operation, if the pressure in the reactor exceeds the standard, the pressure relief mechanism opens to relieve the pressure of the reactor. If the high-pressure water vapor is directly discharged, it may scald the staff and cause the environment around the reactor to be humid. Therefore, the pressure relief pipe is introduced into the cooling box and immersed under the liquid level in the cooling box, so that the water vapor discharged by the pressure relief pipe can be cooled in the cooling box, and the water vapor is liquefied. The water is recovered and used as coolant (so the coolant in the cooling box should not be filled up in the initial state), and when the temperature of the reactor exceeds the standard, the valve is opened, and the coolant in the cooling box flows into the cooling cavity of the heat dissipation barrier through the valve. Since the heat dissipation barrier is in contact with the side wall of the reactor, the heat dissipation barrier cools the reactor. At the same time, the coolant in the cooling cavity is vaporized into steam and flows out through the overflow port to the radiator for cooling and liquefaction, and finally flows back to the collecting tank, thereby realizing the circulation of the coolant and achieving the pressure relief and temperature reduction treatment of the reactor. Among them, the thermal insulation layer completely wraps the reactor and the heat dissipation barrier (the upper and lower ends of the reactor are wrapped by the thermal insulation layer), and the thermal insulation layer can be a thermal insulation cotton layer. In order to improve the thermal insulation effect, the thermal insulation layer can be wrapped in multiple layers. Of course, it is also possible not to add a radiator, and the water vapor discharged from the overflow port is directly drained to a place far away from the reactor through a conduit, and the collecting tank can also be replenished with coolant as needed.

[0037] Preferably, Figure 5 As shown, the heat dissipation barrier 2 in the above technical solution includes a top ring tube 22, a bottom ring tube 23 and a plurality of risers 24 (the top ring tube, the bottom ring tube and the riser are all metal tubes. In order to improve the heat exchange effect of the riser, the inner wall of the riser can be covered with heat dissipation fins, and the riser can be a flat tube, so that the contact area between the riser and the side wall of the reactor is large, thereby improving its heat exchange efficiency). The top ring tube 22 and the bottom ring tube 23 are both horizontally arranged and spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the reactor 4 in the up and down direction. The plurality of risers 24 is vertically arranged and surrounded outside the reactor 4, and the two ends of each of the risers 24 are respectively connected and communicated with the top ring tube 22 and the bottom ring tube 23, the overflow port is arranged on the top ring tube 22, and the first interface 21 is arranged on the bottom ring tube 23, so that the coolant is diverted to multiple risers through the bottom ring tube, and the water vapor after the coolant is vaporized is collected by the multiple top ring tubes and discharged through the overflow port. At this time, the heat dissipation barrier is a hollow annular structure. Preferably, the spacing between two adjacent risers is preferably less than 5 cm, or as Figure 6 As shown, the heat dissipation barrier is an annular member having an annular cooling cavity therein, and the upper and lower ends of the cooling cavity are both annular expansion cavities 25. In this case, the heat dissipation barrier is an annular cylindrical structure.

[0038] The above technical solution also includes a sealed cabin 6, in which the cooling box 3, the heat dissipation barrier 2, the thermal insulation layer 1, the pressure relief mechanism 41 and the reactor 4 are all arranged. By arranging a sealed cabin on the outer cover of the cooling box, the radiation energy leakage can be effectively prevented, and its safety is high.

[0039] The pressure relief mechanism 41 described in the above technical solution is a pressure relief valve (of course, the pressure relief mechanism can also adopt a bursting disc arranged at the pressure relief port, but in this case, the corresponding end of the pressure relief pipe is directly connected to and communicated with the pressure relief port. At this time, when the pressure in the reactor exceeds the standard, the bursting disc ruptures so that the pressure at the pressure relief port is relieved through the pressure relief pipe). In this way, when the pressure in the reactor exceeds the standard, the pressure relief mechanism can directly relieve the pressure by itself to ensure the safe operation of the reactor.

[0040] Preferably, Figure 2 As shown, the cooling box in the above technical solution is annular, which is vertically arranged and sleeved outside the insulation layer, so that the distribution of the cooling box outside the insulation layer is more compact.

[0041] Further preferably, the above technical scheme comprises multiple cooling boxes 3 (the horizontal cross-section of the cooling box can be fan-shaped, so that the space occupied by it when it is arranged outside the insulation layer is smaller), and the multiple cooling boxes 3 are distributed in a ring shape outside the insulation layer 1, and the lower end of the heat dissipation insulation layer 2 is annularly spaced with multiple first interfaces 21, and the multiple cooling boxes 3 correspond to the multiple first interfaces 21, and each first interface 21 is connected to the corresponding second interface 31 through a valve 5, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe 42 extends into any one of the cooling boxes 3, and the liquid inlet of each cooling box 3 is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting tank, so that the multiple cooling boxes are arranged outside the insulation layer (the volume of a single cooling box can be reduced), and the multiple cooling boxes are arranged in a ring outside the insulation layer, so that the structure is more compact and the risk resistance is better.

[0042] Preferably, the pressure relief mechanism 41 in the above technical solution is provided with multiple, the upper end of the reactor 4 is provided with multiple pressure relief ports, and the multiple pressure relief ports correspond one-to-one to the multiple pressure relief mechanisms 41, each of the pressure relief mechanisms 41 is installed at the corresponding pressure relief port, and the pressure relief nozzle of each of the pressure relief mechanisms 41 is connected to one end of a pressure relief pipe 42, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe 42 is extended into the cooling box 3. In this way, the safety of the reactor can be improved, and it is avoided that a single pressure relief mechanism fails to operate, causing the reactor to operate in an ultra-hot and over-pressure state.

[0043] Specifically, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in the above technical solution, two cooling boxes 3 and two pressure relief mechanisms 41 are provided (at this time, the horizontal cross-section of the cooling box is a semicircular ring, and the two cooling boxes are cut into a circular ring after splicing, and the inner side of the cooling box is in contact with the outer side of the insulation layer), the two pressure relief mechanisms 41 correspond to the two cooling boxes 3 one by one, and the upper end of the reactor 4 is provided with two pressure relief ports, and a pressure relief mechanism 41 is installed at each of the pressure relief ports, and the pressure relief nozzle of each pressure relief mechanism 41 is connected to one end of a pressure relief pipe 42, and the other end of the pressure relief pipe 42 is extended inwardly to the corresponding cooling box 3. In this way, by providing two cooling boxes and two pressure relief mechanisms, the safety of the reactor can be improved through redundant design.

[0044] The valve 5 described in the above technical solution is a pneumatic valve, and the air control port of the valve 5 is connected to the air outlet of the external air source (so that the valve is opened or closed by artificially controlling the air outlet of the external air source) or is connected to the pressure relief nozzle of the corresponding pressure relief mechanism 41 (so that when the pressure relief mechanism releases pressure, the corresponding valve can open automatically). Of course, preferably, the air control port of the valve is connected to the pressure relief nozzle of the corresponding pressure relief mechanism, so that the valve can open automatically when the pressure relief mechanism releases pressure to cool down the reactor.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactor safety protection system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a heat-insulating layer (1), a heat-dissipating barrier layer (2) and a cooling box (3), wherein the heat-dissipating barrier layer (2) is annular, the heat-dissipating barrier layer (2) is vertically arranged and sleeved outside a reactor (4), and the heat-dissipating barrier layer (2) and the reactor (4) are both wrapped in the heat-insulating layer (1), the cooling box (3) is arranged outside the heat-insulating layer (1), the cooling box (3) has a liquid inlet, and the cooling box (3) is used to contain a coolant, the heat-dissipating barrier layer (2) has a cooling cavity inside, and the upper end of the reactor (4) has a pressure relief port, and the pressure relief port is provided with a A pressure relief mechanism (41), wherein the pressure relief nozzle of the pressure relief mechanism (41) is connected to one end of a pressure relief pipe (42), the other end of the pressure relief pipe (42) is extended into the cooling box (3) and immersed below the liquid level in the cooling box (3), the lower end of the heat dissipation barrier (2) is provided with a first interface (21) connected to the cooling chamber, the lower end of the cooling box (3) is provided with a second interface (31), the first interface (21) and the second interface (31) are connected via a valve (5), and the upper end of the heat dissipation barrier (2) is provided with an overflow port connected to the cooling chamber.

2. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation barrier (2) comprises a top ring tube (22), a bottom ring tube (23) and a plurality of risers (24); the top ring tube (22) and the bottom ring tube (23) are both arranged horizontally and spaced apart at the upper and lower ends of the reactor (4) in the vertical direction; the plurality of risers (24) are arranged vertically and surround the reactor (4); the two ends of each riser (24) are respectively connected and communicated with the top ring tube (22) and the bottom ring tube (23); the overflow port is arranged on the top ring tube (22); and the first interface (21) is arranged on the bottom ring tube (23).

3. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end and the lower end of the cooling cavity are both expansion cavities (25).

4. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a sealed cabin (6), wherein the cooling box (3), the heat dissipation barrier (2), the thermal insulation layer (1), the pressure relief mechanism (41) and the reactor (4) are all arranged in the sealed cabin (6).

5. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief mechanism (41) is a pressure relief valve.

6. The reactor safety protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also comprises a liquid collecting box (7), the liquid collecting box (7) having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the overflow port being in communication with the liquid inlet of the liquid collecting box (7), and the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting box (7) being in communication with the liquid inlet of the cooling box (3).

7. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also comprises a radiator (8), the radiator (8) having a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, the overflow port being in communication with the liquid inlet of the radiator (8), and the liquid outlet of the radiator (8) being in communication with the liquid inlet of the liquid collecting tank (7).

8. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cooling box (3) is annular and is vertically arranged and sleeved outside the thermal insulation layer (1).

9. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cooling boxes (3) are provided in plurality, and the plurality of cooling boxes (3) are distributed in an annular manner outside the thermal insulation layer (1); the lower end of the heat dissipation insulation layer (2) is provided with a plurality of first interfaces (21) at annular intervals; the plurality of cooling boxes (3) correspond to the plurality of first interfaces (21); each of the first interfaces (21) is connected to the corresponding second interface (31) via a valve (5); the other end of the pressure relief pipe (42) extends into any one of the cooling boxes (3); and the liquid inlet of each cooling box (3) is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid collecting tank.

10. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure relief mechanisms (41) are provided in plurality, and the upper end of the reactor (4) is provided with a plurality of pressure relief ports, and the plurality of pressure relief ports correspond one-to-one to the plurality of pressure relief mechanisms (41), and each of the pressure relief mechanisms (41) is installed at the corresponding pressure relief port, and the pressure relief nozzle of each of the pressure relief mechanisms (41) is connected to one end of a pressure relief pipe (42), and the other end of the pressure relief pipe (42) is extended into the cooling box (3).

11. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that: Two cooling boxes (3) and two pressure relief mechanisms (41) are provided, and the two pressure relief mechanisms (41) correspond to the two cooling boxes (3) one by one. Two pressure relief ports are provided at the upper end of the reactor (4), and one pressure relief mechanism (41) is installed at each pressure relief port. The pressure relief nozzle of each pressure relief mechanism (41) is connected to one end of a pressure relief pipe (42), and the other end of the pressure relief pipe (42) is extended into the corresponding cooling box (3).

12. The reactor safety protection system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The valve (5) is a pneumatic valve, and the air control port of the valve (5) is connected to the air outlet of an external air source or to the corresponding pressure relief nozzle of the pressure relief mechanism (41).

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