Mountain river bottom bionic water and sediment observation system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bionic water and sediment observation system for a mountain river bottom, comprising a bionic outer frame part and a water and sediment monitoring equipment part. The three-body bottom seat is composed of two symmetrical bottom seat side bodies with the same structure on the left and right, and an instrument compartment in the middle; the left and right bottom seat side bodies are designed as bionic fish, and are divided into the front and tail of a bionic counterweight, the front part is a streamlined shape with a high middle and low ends, and the interior is a cavity for pouring counterweight materials, and the left and right bottom seat side bodies are connected into one by a connecting rod; the two sides of the instrument compartment body are respectively connected to the side walls of the bottom seat side body by connecting plates; the two tails of the left and right bottom seat side bodies are connected into one by a horizontal tail wing; the tail of the horizontal tail wing is hinged with a floating ball recovery installation bucket, and the floating ball is connected to the tail of the support rod. The present invention is particularly suitable for hydrological sediment monitoring of plateau rivers and mountain rivers with complex and strong hydrodynamic conditions such as turbulent river water, violent riverbed sediment movement, and obvious riverbed scouring and silting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of hydrological sediment monitoring, and in particular relates to a bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system suitable for mountain rivers under strong hydrodynamic conditions. Background Art

[0002] Hydrological sediment monitoring technology is an important foundation for water conservancy and hydrological informatization. Improving hydrological sediment monitoring capabilities is not only a basic requirement for disaster prevention and mitigation, but also an important support for the development of water conservancy, scientific research, and engineering construction. Traditional hydrological monitoring instruments and equipment are designed based on a single physical principle. They are unable to simultaneously collect on-site water flow, sediment transport, and water quality conditions. The collection method is mostly manual sampling, and there are no automatic monitoring facilities. Therefore, the current hydrological sediment monitoring has the following problems: 1) The station network density is too low. Taking the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province as examples, the station network density of their basic hydrological stations is 0.40 stations / 10,000 km 2 , 0.47 stations / 10,000 km 2 The average density of basic hydrological stations in China is only 3.34 stations / 10,000 km. 2 The average control area of ​​a single station is 25,000 km. 2 ,21,600km 2 , the density of the station network is far lower than the minimum density recommended by the World Meteorological Organization and is also lower than the national average; 2) There are relatively few monitoring projects. For example, only 7 of the 48 basic hydrological stations in the Tibet Autonomous Region carry out sediment testing, all of which are in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, including 4 stations on the main stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River, 1 station on the Lhasa River, 2 stations on the Nianchu River, and the other three basins of the Yarlung Zangbo River have an area of ​​more than 10,000 km 2 Tributaries of the Duoxiong Zangbo River: the Niyang River, and the Parlung Zangbo River have not carried out sediment monitoring; for another example, only two of the 11 basic hydrological stations in Ganzi Prefecture on the western Sichuan Plateau observe sediment; 3) The monitoring methods are backward. At present, the suspended sediment is mainly sampled manually with a horizontal sampler, processed by the drying method, and weighed with an electronic balance and a desktop mechanical balance. This method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the methods are backward. There is still a lack of automatic sediment monitoring facilities. Due to the above reasons, there is still a lack of generally applicable and reliable measurement methods on large rivers, resulting in the fact that my country's hydrological and sediment data monitored lag behind the international average in terms of monitoring density and monitoring type.

[0003] With the development of sensor technology, the development technology of many high-precision measurement equipment based on different sensor technologies has become very mature. For example, the measurement of single flow velocity mainly includes acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and flow velocity profiler (ADCP). ADV is mostly used for single-point water flow turbulence characteristics measurement in the field or test flume, while ADCP has become the standard technology for measuring flow velocity in oceans, estuaries and freshwater environments. Excluding manual measurement methods, suspended sediment measurement methods are mainly divided into two categories according to the principle of use: the advantages of the acoustic method are wide vertical range, good resolution, and no interference, but the interference factors of the backscattered signal are complex, and the signal is easily lost at high concentrations; the advantage of the laser method is that it realizes in-situ gradation measurement, and the suspended sediment concentration does not depend on the gradation, but it is expensive and unreliable, only applicable to small particle size ranges, only point measurement, and interference with the flow field. Such equipment can be installed on a fixed platform and placed on the bottom of plain rivers, reservoirs, lakes or oceans to perform corresponding measurements. However, due to the rapid flow of rivers in plateau and mountainous areas, the silt movement near the riverbed is violent, and the riverbed is obviously eroded and silted. Therefore, the equipment construction platform for plateau rivers and mountainous rivers under such more complex and strong hydrodynamic conditions should be redesigned to ensure that the entire system can be lowered from the water surface and sit firmly on the riverbed.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop a multi-factor comprehensive monitoring system suitable for strong hydrodynamic conditions such as my country's plateau rivers and mountain rivers in order to obtain real and reliable hydrological and sediment data. This will not only help improve the quality of measured results but also have obvious economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bottom-mountain river bionic water and sediment observation system to address the deficiencies of the prior art, which is suitable for hydrological and sediment monitoring of plateau rivers and mountain rivers under complex and strong hydrodynamic conditions such as turbulent river water, violent riverbed sediment movement, and obvious riverbed scouring and silting.

[0006] The bottom-sitting bionic water and sand observation system for mountain rivers described in the present invention comprises a three-body bottom-sitting bionic outer frame part and a water and sand monitoring equipment part. The three-body bottom-sitting bionic outer frame part is divided into three parts in the direction of water flow, namely, left, middle and right parts. The left and right parts are two bottom-sitting side bodies with the same structure and symmetrical positions, and the middle part is an instrument compartment. The left and right bottom-sitting side bodies are designed to be bionic fish, and are divided into the front and tail of a bionic counterweight. The front part is a streamlined shape with a high middle and low ends, and the interior is a cavity for pouring counterweight materials. The left and right bottom-sitting side bodies are connected into one by a connecting rod. The interior of the instrument compartment is a cavity, and a number of instrument barrels for installing and protecting the water and sand monitoring equipment part are arranged on the top of the compartment, and the two sides of the compartment body are connected by The plates are respectively connected to the side walls of the seat bottom side bodies, and the connecting plates are connected to the connecting rods connecting the two seat bottom side bodies through short rods to further connect the instrument compartment and the seat bottom side bodies as one; the two tails of the left and right seat bottom side bodies are flat, and the two tails are connected as one through a horizontal tail wing; a support rod extending to the outside of the tail of the water and sand observation system is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the horizontal tail wing, and a float recovery installation bucket is hinged at the tail of the support rod. Under different strong hydrodynamic conditions, the hinged design enables the float recovery installation bucket to automatically rotate according to the water flow intensity to maintain a certain inclination angle, thereby reducing the water flow resistance to the water and sand observation system; the float is connected to the tail of the support rod from the inside of the float installation barrel through a flexible strong rope.

[0007] Furthermore, the instrument compartment is a hollow cylinder with a conical front end, a battery compartment cover that can be opened and closed is provided in the middle of the compartment top, a plurality of openings are provided on the compartment top according to the size of the water and sand monitoring equipment part, an instrument bucket communicating with the interior of the compartment is provided at the opening to install and protect the water and sand monitoring equipment part, and the interior of the compartment is used to place the power supply and data line of the water and sand monitoring equipment part. The instrument buckets are fixed on the hollow cylinder by welding.

[0008] Furthermore, recovery cable hooks are symmetrically arranged on the top of the left and right seat bottom side bodies, with two on each side, to facilitate the deployment and recovery of the water and sand observation system.

[0009] Furthermore, three connecting rods are provided, which respectively connect the left and right seat bottom side bodies into one at the front, middle and rear positions of the left and right seat bottom side bodies. The connecting plate is connected to the connecting rod connecting the middle parts of the left and right seat bottom side bodies through a short rod, and the instrument compartment is further connected to the left and right seat bottom side bodies as a whole.

[0010] Furthermore, the tail portions of the left and right seat bottom side bodies are in the shape of fishtail-shaped upright flat plates.

[0011] Furthermore, the horizontal tail is a flat plate horizontally connected between the tail parts of the bottom-supporting side bodies, and the tail end of the horizontal tail is configured to be a wave or sawtooth shape, which is conducive to breaking up the water flow and reducing the water flow resistance encountered by the water and sand observation system in the riverbed.

[0012] Furthermore, in some plateau mountain rivers with strong hydrodynamic conditions, the river gradient is large, and the drag force generated by the water flow often exceeds the underwater weight of the water and sand observation system itself. The water and sand observation system can be easily carried downstream. Therefore, a gripping anchor is provided at the bottom of the bottom-sitting side body to fix the equipment on the riverbed.

[0013] Furthermore, the ground-gripping anchor is arranged on the connecting rod at the front of the left and right seat bottom bodies, and is perpendicular to the connecting rod and extends downward and backward, so that it can be further inserted into the ground under the impact of the water flow to fix the water and sand observation system. Preferably, the setting angle of the ground-gripping anchor is 0 to 45 degrees toward the downstream and with respect to the horizontal; more preferably, the end of the ground-gripping anchor is conical, so as to better penetrate into the ground.

[0014] Furthermore, the ground gripping anchor setting can also be designed to be movable, and the connecting rod at the front of the left and right seat bottom side bodies provided with the ground gripping anchor serves as a ground gripping anchor mounting rod, and is connected to the left and right side bodies in a rotatable manner, so that the connecting rod itself can rotate, thereby driving the ground gripping anchor to make it movable, thereby adapting to the ground under various conditions.

[0015] Furthermore, hooks are respectively arranged at the middle positions of the bottoms of the left and right side bodies of the seat, so as to facilitate the connection of heavy objects buried at the bottom of the river, such as lead fish.

[0016] Furthermore, the strong rope is selected to have certain strength and flexibility and can bear the weight of the water and sand observation system.

[0017] In the above technical solution of the present invention, in actual work, weights can be applied according to the local water flow intensity, and cement, sand or even heavy metals can be poured into the cavity of the side body of the water and sand observation system and blocked with weight screws.

[0018] In the above technical solution of the present invention, further, the monitoring equipment part is reasonably equipped with corresponding monitoring equipment according to different sampling purposes. According to the data detected by the traditional hydrological station, the flow velocity, water temperature, suspended load and bed load of the river section must be measured. Therefore, (1) for suspended load measurement, the principle that the diffracted light angle is inversely proportional to the particle size is used to determine the particle size and concentration of the sediment particles using a ring-arranged receiver, and a laser diffractometer is used; (2) for water turbidity measurement, the water turbidity is determined by the backscattering of light when it passes through the sediment particles in the water body, and an optical backscattering turbidity meter is used; (3) for water flow velocity measurement, an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is used to measure the flow velocity, and the average flow velocity of the vertical line of the water flow can be obtained. After selecting the instrument, it is fixed in the instrument barrel by screws or hose clamps. In theory, the bed load sediment transport rate can be further obtained based on the average flow velocity using the Shamov bed load sediment transport rate formula.

[0019] In plateau rivers and mountain rivers, the water flow rate is relatively high, and the devices placed on the riverbed are easily washed away by water. To avoid this situation, after a long period of exploration, the outer frame of the bottom-seated device (i.e., the water and sand monitoring system of the present invention) is bionic based on the appearance of a fish commonly known as "stone crawler", and the bottom-seated frame is designed to be flat. In order to meet the needs of the monitoring function, the bottom-seated frame is divided into three columns in the direction of the water flow, the left, middle and right columns act as counterweights, and the sides of the two columns are streamlined, the back is raised, and the water and sand monitoring equipment is installed in the middle column. According to the law of bedload movement on the riverbed, the long-term movement trend of large objects deposited in the near-bottom water flow on the riverbed is to gradually move downward, so the bottom in contact with the bed surface is designed to be relatively flat and larger in area, and the contact area with the bed surface is increased to reduce the sinking. At the same time, in order to prevent the large-scale sand transport during floods from causing the riverbed to deform and wash away the equipment, a hole is opened at the bottom of the frame, and a movable anchor is inserted for fixing. The angle of the movable anchor is 0 to 45 degrees toward the downstream and the horizontal. When the present invention gradually descends from the water surface to the bed surface, the gripping anchor, under the action of gravity, points downward at the tip. When it contacts the bed surface, it is squeezed by the weight of the invention itself, and the anchor gradually inserts into the riverbed. As the near-bottom water flow strengthens, the bottom seat will move backward as a whole, and the gripping anchor will gradually present a 45-degree inclination toward the downstream, further stabilizing the bottom seat. If the equipment needs to be recovered, the bottom seat tail can be lifted up first by pulling the strong rope set at the tail. When the gripping anchor rises at the tail, it will also pry the sand covering it and gradually loosen it and rise with the bottom seat head. At the same time, a hinge is set in the middle position of each of the left and right columns for connecting heavy objects buried at the bottom of the river, such as lead fish. These designs ensure that the equipment sits firmly on the riverbed. In addition, the rear of the frame is designed to be flat on the side, that is, a thinner steel plate is welded to the head. The tail is a narrow plate compared to the head, the thickness is reduced by 10 times, and the side area is increased. During the process of entering the water, if the tail of the seat is facing upstream, the impact force of the water flow received by the seat is larger than that of the head due to the larger reception area, thereby forming a larger impact force toward the downstream. However, the head is smaller in contact with the water flow, and the impact force received is smaller. Since the impact forces received by the front and back are different, a moment is formed under the action of the water flow, causing the seat to deflect, and finally forming a form that is easy to enter the water with the head facing upstream and the tail facing downstream. Such a design not only ensures that the seat can enter the water, but also prevents the measurement error of the monitoring equipment under the influence of the water flow.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The design of the bionic fish outer frame is conducive to bottom observation under strong hydrodynamic conditions. The bottom-sitting device of the present invention imitates the fish commonly known as "stone crawlers", has smaller bottom resistance, reduces the impact of the device on the water body and riverbed (such as water flow velocity and sediment movement), and ensures that the device can sit firmly and go down to the bottom of the water, so as to be suitable for hydrological sediment monitoring of plateau rivers and mountainous rivers under complex and strong hydrodynamic conditions with turbulent rivers, violent riverbed sediment movement, and obvious riverbed scouring and silting.

[0022] 2. Simple structure, easy to carry, and easy to assemble quickly in the field. The bionic frame of the present invention is composed of multiple parts connected by screws and bolts, can be disassembled and assembled at variable speeds, is convenient to transport to a designated delivery location for assembly, and is easy to promote.

[0023] 3. Modular design, suitable for a wider range of environments. The measurement systems in the present invention are independent of each other and do not affect each other. Users can flexibly assemble water and sand monitoring instruments according to their own needs. At the same time, they can be recycled and arranged in different locations, and the future application prospects are broad.

[0024] 4. Easy to deploy, no special personnel are needed. The present invention sets the instrument parameters on the shore, and can be directly transported to the corresponding location by crane or ship for direct deployment. No special personnel are needed to monitor it. It only needs to be brought to the surface to collect data or charge and maintain it according to the set time. It is very suitable for hydrological sediment monitoring of plateau rivers and mountain rivers with complex and strong hydrodynamic conditions where no one is watching, manual monitoring is difficult, and the monitoring time is short. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a side view of the bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A bottom view of the bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A top view of the bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a front view of the bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of half of the bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers according to the present invention after being cut away from the warehouse body;

[0031] Figure 7This is a detailed side view of the bionic counterweight of the bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a detail diagram of the instrument compartment of the bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers described in the present invention.

[0033] Figure 9 shows the measured results of Example 2, (a) the time variation of suspended sediment concentration; (b) the time variation of water depth; (c) the time variation of stratified flow velocity.

[0034] In the figure, 1 is the bottom-seat side body, 2 is the instrument compartment, 3 is the float recovery installation barrel, 4 is the ground-gripping anchor support rod, 5 is the middle connecting rod, 6 is the connecting plate, 7 is the battery compartment cover, 8 is the recovery cable hook, 9 is the tail connecting rod, 10 is the counterweight plug, 11 is the screw, 12 is the hollow throat clamp, 13 is the screw nut, 14 is the float, 15 is the strong rope, 16 is the support rod, 17 is the plug, 18 is the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), 19 is the LISST-200X water body on-site laser particle size measuring instrument, 20 is the optical backscattering self-contained turbidity meter, 21 is the three-dimensional upward ultrasonic Doppler velocity meter (ADV), and 22 is the horizontal tail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described below by way of examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention according to the above-mentioned invention content and implement the invention specifically, which still falls within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The bionic river bottom seat suitable for hydrological sediment monitoring under strong hydrodynamic conditions of the present invention comprises a three-body bottom seat bionic outer frame part and a water and sediment monitoring equipment part. The three-body bottom seat bionic outer frame part comprises three parts, left, middle and right, divided in the water flow direction. The left and right parts are two bottom seat side bodies 1 with the same structure and symmetrical positions, and the middle part is an instrument compartment 2; the left and right bottom seat side bodies are designed as bionic fish, and are divided into the front and tail of bionic counterweights, the front part is a streamlined shape with a high middle and low ends, and the interior is a cavity for pouring counterweight materials, the left and right bottom seat side bodies are connected into one by connecting rods, and three connecting rods are provided, which respectively connect the left and right bottom seat side bodies into one at the front, middle and rear positions of the left and right bottom seat side bodies. The instrument bin is a hollow cylinder with a conical front end. A battery compartment cover 7 that can be opened and closed is provided in the middle of the bin top. A number of openings are provided on the bin top according to the size of the water and sand monitoring equipment part. An instrument barrel that communicates with the inside of the bin is provided at the opening to protect the monitoring equipment part. The inside of the bin is used to place the power supply, data cables, etc. of the water and sand monitoring equipment part. The instrument barrels are fixed on the hollow cylinder of the instrument bin by welding. The two sides of the bin body are respectively connected to the side walls of the bottom seat side body through L-shaped connecting plates 6. The connecting plates are connected to the connecting rods connecting the middle parts of the left and right bottom seat side bodies through short rods, and the instrument bin is further connected to the left and right bottom seat side bodies as a whole. Recovery cable hooks 8 are symmetrically provided on the top of the left and right bottom seat side bodies, two on each side, to facilitate the placement and recovery of the bottom seat.

[0038] The two tails of the left and right bottom-sitting side bodies are steel plates in the shape of fish tails. The terrain at the bottom of the riverbed is very complex. The water and sand observation system of the three-body bionic frame reduces a large part of the water flow resistance. In order to further improve the device's adaptability to harsh waters, a horizontal tail 22 steel plate with a thickness of 1 cm is set to stabilize the flow of water. The horizontal tail 22 is connected to the middle of the tail of the left and right bottom-sitting side bodies 1 by a screw nut 13. The horizontal tail is a flat plate horizontally connected between the tails of the bottom-sitting side bodies. The tail end of the horizontal tail is set in a wave or sawtooth shape, which is conducive to breaking the water flow and reducing the water flow resistance of the water and sand observation system in the riverbed. A support rod 16 extending to the outside of the bottom-sitting tail is welded in the middle of the bottom surface of the horizontal tail. The tail of the support rod is hinged with a float recovery installation barrel 3 through a bolt 17. Under different strong hydrodynamic conditions, the hinged design allows the float recovery installation barrel to automatically rotate according to the water flow intensity to maintain a certain tilt angle, reducing the water flow resistance of the bottom-sitting; the float 14 is connected to the tail of the support rod from the inside of the float installation barrel through a flexible strong rope 15. The strong rope is selected to have certain strength and flexibility, and can bear the weight of the bottom. In the process of putting the equipment, the floating ball 14 helps to locate the river bottom, and it is also convenient to tie the recovery cable hook 8 with the shore steel cable to recover the bottom after the monitoring is completed.

[0039] In some highland mountain rivers with strong hydrodynamic conditions, the river gradient is large, and the drag force generated by the water flow often exceeds the underwater weight of the bottom support itself, so the bottom support can be easily carried downstream. Therefore, the bottom support is provided with a gripping anchor 4 for fixing the equipment on the riverbed. The gripping anchor is arranged on the connecting rod at the front of the left and right side bodies of the bottom support, and the direction is perpendicular to the connecting rod, and extends downward and backward, so that it can extend deeper into the ground under the impact of the water flow to anchor the bottom support to fix the bottom support. The setting angle of the gripping anchor is toward the downstream and 45 degrees to the horizontal, and the end of the gripping anchor is conical, so as to better penetrate into the ground. A hinge is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the left and right side bodies of the bottom support, which is used to connect heavy objects buried in the riverbed, such as lead fish.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The bionic river bottom seat for hydrological sediment monitoring under strong hydrodynamic conditions described in this embodiment is similar to that in Embodiment 1, by selecting the following monitoring equipment for installation on the basis of the bottom seat described in Embodiment 1.

[0042] According to the needs of the measurement department or design department, different monitoring equipment can be assembled at will. The main measurement data elements include: instantaneous flow velocity of the cross section, water turbulence intensity, water temperature, water depth, suspended sediment transport rate and gradation. The present invention uses an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) 21 to measure the cross-sectional flow velocity and bed load elements; uses an optical backscattering turbidity meter 13 to measure the turbidity of the water body; and uses a LISST-100X laser diffractometer 19 to measure the suspended sediment. According to the influence of the monitoring equipment, the higher three-dimensional upward ultrasonic Doppler current meter (ADV) 21 is arranged at the rear to prevent other instruments from affecting the upward probe to measure the water flow structure, and the higher probe from affecting other measuring equipment. The acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) 18 with the lowest height for measuring the flow velocity profile is installed at the front of the instrument compartment. Then the LISST-200X water body on-site laser particle size measuring instrument 19 and the optical backscattering self-contained turbidity meter 20 are arranged in sequence. That is, the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) 18 is fixed in the ADCP instrument barrel by four mounting screws 13, and other instrument barrels have openings at the top rear to facilitate the hollow throat clamp 12 to fix the instruments, and the optical backscatter turbidity meter 20, LISST-100X laser diffractometer 19, and three-dimensional upward ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) 21 use hollow throat clamps 12 to fix the equipment.

[0043] Because the bottom water flow is turbulent under strong hydrodynamic conditions and the gravel and sand particles from upstream hit the equipment, which may cause severe wear. Therefore, in order to extend the service life of the equipment as much as possible, the steel of the bionic water and sand observation system is made of 2mm thick high-manganese steel.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] This embodiment demonstrates the physical model of this patent through the second Qinghai-Tibet scientific expedition water and sediment observation system and geophysical exploration technology demonstration activities. The physical model is designed in 1:1, with dimensions of 2.5m long, 1.0m wide, and 1.4m high. It is made of 304 stainless steel. The system is equipped with a high-frequency acoustic Doppler velocity profiler, an in-situ laser particle size analyzer, and a variety of observation equipment such as water temperature, turbidity and pressure sensors, which can achieve continuous observation of the hydrological characteristics and dynamic conditions of the river at the minute level. The bottom-seating device has enabled hydrological monitoring to enter the era of ultra-high time resolution quantitative research from the original qualitative and semi-quantitative research; combined with laboratory testing and analysis of river sediment minerals and chemical composition, ultra-high time resolution quantitative research can be carried out on the source, composition and transportation power process of river sediments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The bottom-seating device of the present invention is placed in the section of the Yangcun hydrological station of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and moves to the mainstream area under the action of the hydrological station cable, and then descends. Under the action of the water flow, the head of the equipment automatically faces the upstream of the river channel and sinks smoothly. When the float tied to the bottom system remains motionless on the water surface, it can be considered that the water-sediment system has been successfully located on the river channel and started measuring. The measurement results are shown in Figure 9. The single-point suspended sediment concentration time curve measured by the super turbidity sensor LISST-AOBS recorded a maximum value of 605.8 mg / L at 4:20 on May 14 and a minimum value of 154.3 mg / L at 15:40 on May 12. The measurement results show that after 0:00 on May 13, the suspended sediment concentration showed a significant upward trend, increasing by nearly 4 times. During the entire measurement period, the water depth increased from 4.2m to 4.5m, and the water level rose by nearly 30cm (measured by Lisst), indicating that the Yajiang River was in the process of rising water, which is consistent with the observations of the real hydrological station. It can be seen that as the flow of the Yajiang River increases, the sediment transport intensity increases significantly. The vertical flow velocity was measured by ADCP Signature 1000, and the maximum flow velocity was found to be about 1.45 m / s, which was close to the observation value at the hydrological station. The maximum flow velocity was located near the bed, and the bottom flow velocity was greater than the surface flow velocity, indicating that the cross-sectional circulation effect measured by the instrument was consistent with the actual water flow conditions (separation zone of the widened river section).

[0046] The bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers formed by mounting water and sediment measuring equipment on a bottom-sitting bionic base can carry out stable, synchronous and continuous observation of water and sediment physical parameters such as water depth, flow velocity, suspended sediment concentration, and suspended sediment particle size grading. This solves the difficulties in measuring the complex water and sediment conditions in real rivers, as well as the inability to continuously and synchronously measure the multi-factor physical parameters of water and sediment for a long time. It provides a reliable technology for the study of the source-sink process of sediment flux in real rivers.

Claims

1. The bottom-sitting bionic water and sediment observation system for mountain rivers is characterized by: The invention comprises a three-body bottom-sitting bionic outer frame part and a water and sand monitoring equipment part. The three-body bottom-sitting bionic outer frame part is divided into three parts in the direction of water flow, namely, left, middle and right parts. The left and right parts are two bottom-sitting side bodies (1) with the same structure and symmetrical positions, and the middle part is an instrument compartment (2). The left and right bottom-sitting side bodies are designed to imitate fish, and are divided into a front part and a tail part of a bionic counterweight. The front part is a streamlined shape with a high middle and low ends, and the interior is a cavity for pouring counterweight materials. The left and right bottom-sitting side bodies are connected into one by a connecting rod (5, 9). The interior of the instrument compartment is a cavity, and a plurality of parts for installing and protecting the water and sand monitoring are arranged on the top of the compartment. The instrument barrel of the measuring equipment part has two sides of the bin body connected to the side walls of the seat bottom side body respectively through connecting plates (6), and the connecting plates are connected to the connecting rods connecting the two seat bottom side bodies through short rods to further connect the instrument bin and the seat bottom side bodies into one; the two tail parts of the left and right seat bottom side bodies are flat, and the two tail parts are connected into one through a horizontal tail wing (22); a support rod (16) extending to the outside of the seat bottom tail is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the horizontal tail wing, and a float ball recovery installation barrel (3) is hinged at the tail of the support rod, and the float ball (14) is connected to the tail of the support rod from the inside of the float ball installation barrel through a flexible strong rope (15); The instrument compartment is a hollow cylinder with a conical front end, and a battery compartment cover (7) that can be opened and closed is arranged in the middle of the compartment top. A plurality of openings are arranged on the compartment top according to the size of the water and sand monitoring equipment part, and an instrument bucket that communicates with the interior of the compartment is arranged at the opening to install and protect the water and sand monitoring equipment part; The connecting rods are provided with three parts, respectively at the front, middle and rear positions of the left and right seat bottom side bodies, to connect the left and right seat bottom side bodies into one body, and the connecting plate is connected to the connecting rod connecting the middle parts of the left and right seat bottom side bodies through a short rod, so that the instrument compartment and the left and right seat bottom side bodies are further connected into one body; The tail portions of the left and right sitting side bodies are in the shape of a fishtail-shaped upright flat plate; the horizontal tail wing is a flat plate horizontally connected between the tail portions of the sitting side bodies; a gripping anchor (4) is provided at the bottom of the sitting side bodies for fixing the water and sand observation system on the riverbed, and the gripping anchor is provided on a connecting rod at the front of the left and right sitting side bodies.

2. The bottom-sitting bionic water and sand observation system for mountain rivers according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Recovery cable hooks (8) are symmetrically arranged on the tops of the left and right seat bottom side bodies, two on each side, to facilitate the deployment and recovery of the water and sand observation system.

3. The bottom-mountain river bionic water and sand observation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tail end of the horizontal tail is set to a wave or sawtooth shape, which is conducive to breaking up the water flow and reducing the water flow resistance encountered by the water and sand observation system in the river bottom.

4. The bottom-mountain river bionic water and sand observation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The setting direction of the gripping anchor is perpendicular to the connecting rod and extends downward and backward. The setting angle of the gripping anchor is toward the downstream and is 0-45 degrees to the horizontal. Or, the gripping anchor is set on the connecting rod at the front of the left and right seat bottom side bodies. The connection method of the connecting rod and the left and right side bodies is a rotatable connection, so that the connecting rod itself can rotate, thereby driving the gripping anchor to make it movable, so as to adapt to the ground under various conditions.

5. The bottom-sitting bionic water and sand observation system for mountain rivers according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A hook is respectively arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the left and right seat bottom bodies for connecting the heavy objects buried at the river bottom.

6. The bottom-sitting bionic water and sand observation system for mountain rivers according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring equipment part includes monitoring equipment for measuring the instantaneous flow velocity of the cross section, the turbulence intensity of the water flow, the water temperature, the water depth, the suspended sediment transport rate and the gradation.

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