A method for separating chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite based on surface oxidation

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for separating chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite based on surface oxidation, and belongs to the technical field of mineral sorting. The method grinds the mixed raw materials of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite and then floats them, adds collector, oxidant and frother in sequence, stirs, and aerates the floatation to obtain flotation foam 1 and product 1 in the tank, and product 1 in the tank is sphalerite; the flotation foam 1 is further floated, ferrous ions and oxidant are added in sequence, stirred, and aerated floatation is performed to obtain flotation foam 2 and product 2 in the tank, and product 2 in the tank is chalcopyrite, and flotation foam 2 is pyrite. The method uses an oxidant as the main flotation agent, so that the collector is adsorbed on the surface of the sulfide mineral, and the oxidant has different adsorption and desorption capabilities on the surface of different sulfide minerals, thereby producing a selective inhibitory effect on different minerals in the mixed ore, and realizing the flotation separation of three minerals. The method has significant effect, simple process, small amount of reagents, and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to a method for separating chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite based on surface oxidation. Background Art

[0002] Copper and zinc resources are one of the world's important industrial resources, and China is a major country in terms of demand for copper and zinc resources.

[0003] The main metal minerals in copper-zinc sulfide ores are chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite, and the minor ones are tetrahedrite, bornite, chalcocite, magnetite, and arsenopyrite. Sometimes there are also small amounts of oxidized minerals such as azurite, cerussite, smithsonite, and limonite. The main gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, tremolite, garnet, fluorite, etc. It also often contains precious metals and scattered elements such as cadmium, indium, gold, and silver that can be comprehensively recovered, and has great economic value. There are many kinds of useful minerals coexisting in copper-zinc sulfide ores, and the properties of the ore are complex. Various sulfide minerals have certain floatability, and flotation separation is often used.

[0004] Copper-zinc sulfide minerals all have different degrees of oxidation. The symbiotic relationship in the ore is close, there are many associated components, the embedded particle size is extremely uneven, and the variety of minerals leads to more associated components. Most of the useful elements or useful minerals can be recovered, and the comprehensive utilization value is great. For the ore containing more secondary copper sulfide, it is easy to produce copper ions, activate sphalerite and pyrite, and make them more floatable; there are more easily oxidized pyrites in the ore; the ore is seriously muddy, etc., all of which affect flotation separation. Due to the large variety of mineral processing products, complex process structure, and difficult production operation control, it is difficult to dissociate monomers during grinding, which affects the flotation effect. Some ores contain carbonaceous pyrrhotite with good floatability; some contain carbonaceous shale and clay materials, all of which will make it difficult to flotate and separate copper-zinc sulfide ores. Therefore, it is difficult to efficiently separate copper-zinc sulfide ores, which is a difficult problem in the mineral processing industry.

[0005] The flotation separation of copper-zinc sulfide ores requires the addition of selective inhibitors. There are two commonly used inhibitors: one is inorganic inhibitors such as zinc sulfate and sulfite (sodium), which have the disadvantages of weak inhibitory effect, poor adaptability, large dosage of reagents, and high requirements for flotation operation technology; the other is small molecular weight organic inhibitors, which are characterized by much stronger inhibitory ability than inorganic inhibitors, less dosage, and easy operation and control, but the stability of the reagent is not as good as cyanide.

[0006] Therefore, developing new technologies for the flotation separation of sulfide ores and realizing the flotation separation of sulfide minerals such as copper, zinc, and sulfur can provide a basis for the development of mineral processing technology for associated sulfide ores in complex low-grade tungsten ores and further improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of resources. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for separating chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite based on surface oxidation, so as to solve the technical problem of mineral processing that chalcopyrite cannot be separated from sphalerite and pyrite by efficient flotation.

[0008] The method comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1: Grind the mixture of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite; put the ground raw materials and water into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, add the collector and stir for 3-5 minutes, then add the oxidant and stir for 3-5 minutes, finally add the frother and stir for 1 minute, and aerate and float to obtain flotation foam 1 and product 1 in the tank, wherein the product 1 in the tank is sphalerite;

[0010] S2: Put the flotation foam 1 into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, add ferrous ions and stir for 1-3 minutes, add oxidant and stir for 3-5 minutes, and aerate for flotation to obtain flotation foam 2 and product 2 in the tank, wherein product 2 in the tank is chalcopyrite and flotation foam 2 is pyrite.

[0011] The chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite mixture in S1 is ground to a particle size of less than 74 μm, and the mass ratio of the mixture to water is 1: (30-50).

[0012] The collector in S1 is one of ethyl xanthate and butyl xanthate, and the dosage is 20-50 mg / L; the oxidant is one of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, and sodium hypochlorite, and the dosage is 40-160 mg / L; the foaming agent is methyl isobutyl carbinol, and the dosage is 10-20 mg / L.

[0013] The collector is prepared into a solution with a concentration of 5%-10% and added.

[0014] The dosage of ferrous ion in S2 is 10-50 mg / L, and the oxidant is one of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, and sodium hypochlorite, with a dosage of 40-160 mg / L.

[0015] The ferrous ions are added in a solution having a concentration of 5% to 10%.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] In the above scheme, a collector is first added to adsorb on the surface of the sulfide mineral to make the surface hydrophobic, and then an oxidant is added. The oxidant can sequentially desorb the collector adsorbed on the surface of sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite under different conditions, so that the three sulfide minerals are respectively suppressed, thereby achieving their flotation separation. The above scheme has the advantages of simple process, high separation efficiency and low reagent dosage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the technical problems to be solved, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, they are described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0019] The invention provides a method for separating chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite based on surface oxidation.

[0020] The method comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1: Grinding the mixture of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite;

[0022] S2: Put the ground raw material and water into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, add the collector and stir for 3-5 minutes, then add the oxidant and stir for 3-5 minutes, finally add the frother and stir for 1 minute, and aerate and float to obtain flotation foam 1 and product 1 in the tank, wherein product 1 in the tank is sphalerite;

[0023] S3: Put the flotation foam 1 into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, add ferrous ions and stir for 1-3 minutes, add oxidant and stir for 3-5 minutes, and aerate for flotation to obtain flotation foam 2 and product 2 in the tank, wherein the product 2 in the tank is chalcopyrite and the flotation foam 2 is pyrite.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] The mixture of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite was ground to a particle size of less than 74 um. The ground raw materials and water were put into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, 30 mg / L of collector butyl xanthate was added and stirred for 3 minutes, then 60 mg / L of oxidant hydrogen peroxide was added and stirred for 3 minutes, and finally 20 mg / L of foaming agent methyl isobutyl carbinol was added and stirred for 1 minute, and aeration flotation was performed to obtain flotation foam 1 and product 1 in the tank. The product 1 in the tank was sphalerite. The flotation foam 1 was put into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, 20 mg / L of ferrous ions was added and stirred for 2 minutes, 80 mg / L of oxidant hydrogen peroxide was added and stirred for 3 minutes, and aeration flotation was performed to obtain flotation foam 2 and product 2 in the tank. The product 2 in the tank was chalcopyrite, and the flotation foam 2 was pyrite. The flotation indicators are shown in Table 1.

[0026] Table 1 Flotation test index (wt%)

[0027]

[0028] Example 2

[0029] The mixture of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite was ground to a particle size of less than 74 um. The ground raw materials and water were put into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, 30 mg / L of collector butyl xanthate was added and stirred for 3 minutes, then 60 mg / L of oxidant hydrogen peroxide was added and stirred for 3 minutes, and finally 20 mg / L of foaming agent methyl isobutyl carbinol was added and stirred for 1 minute, and aerated flotation was performed to obtain flotation foam 1 and product 1 in the tank. The product 1 in the tank was sphalerite. The flotation foam 1 was put into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, 20 mg / L of ferrous ions was added and stirred for 2 minutes, 80 mg / L of oxidant hydrogen peroxide was added and stirred for 3 minutes, and aerated flotation was performed to obtain flotation foam 2 and product 2 in the tank. The product 2 in the tank was chalcopyrite, and the flotation foam 2 was pyrite. The flotation indicators are shown in Table 2.

[0030] Table 2 Flotation test index (wt%)

[0031]

[0032] Example 3

[0033] The mixture of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite was ground to a particle size of less than 74 um. The ground raw materials were added with water and placed in the flotation cell of the flotation machine. 30 mg / L of collector butyl xanthate was added and stirred for 3 min. Then 60 mg / L of oxidant hydrogen peroxide was added and stirred for 3 min. Finally, 20 mg / L of foaming agent methyl isobutyl carbinol was added and stirred for 1 min. Aeration flotation was performed to obtain flotation foam 1 and product 1 in the cell. Product 1 in the cell was sphalerite. Flotation foam 1 was placed in the flotation cell of the flotation machine. 20 mg / L of ferrous ions was added and stirred for 2 min. 80 mg / L of oxidant was added and stirred for 3 min. Aeration flotation was performed to obtain flotation foam 2 and product 2 in the cell. Product 2 in the cell was chalcopyrite and flotation foam 2 was pyrite. The flotation indicators are shown in Table 3.

[0034] Table 3 Flotation test index (wt%)

[0035]

[0036] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for separating chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite based on surface oxidation, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Grind the mixture of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite, put the ground materials and water into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, add the collector and stir for 3-5 minutes, then add the oxidant and stir for 3-5 minutes, finally add the frother and stir for 1 minute, aerate and float to obtain flotation foam 1 and product 1 in the tank, wherein product 1 in the tank is sphalerite; S2: putting the flotation foam 1 into the flotation tank of the flotation machine, adding ferrous ions and stirring for 1-3 minutes, adding an oxidant and stirring for 3-5 minutes, aerating and flotating to obtain the flotation foam 2 and the product 2 in the tank, wherein the product 2 in the tank is chalcopyrite and the flotation foam 2 is pyrite; The mixture of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite in S1 is ground to a particle size of less than 74 μm, and the mass ratio of the mixture to water is 1: (30-50); The collector in S1 is one of ethyl xanthate and butyl xanthate, and the dosage is 20-50 mg / L; the oxidant is one of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, and sodium hypochlorite, and the dosage is 40-160 mg / L; the foaming agent is methyl isobutyl carbinol, and the dosage is 10-20 mg / L; The amount of ferrous ions in the S2 is 10-50 mg / L, and the oxidant is one of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, and sodium hypochlorite, and the amount is 40-160 mg / L.

2. The method for separating chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite based on surface oxidation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collector is added as a solution with a concentration of 5%-10%.

3. The method for separating chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite based on surface oxidation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ferrous ions are added in a solution having a concentration of 5%-10%.

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