Antenna subarray and base station antenna

Abstract

An antenna subarray and a base station antenna, the antenna subarray includes a reflector, multiple radiating surfaces and a grounding plate for the multiple radiating surfaces, the grounding plate is vertically arranged on the reflector, the grounding plate includes an integrated bottom structure and multiple branch structures, the bottom structure is connected to the reflector, the top of the branch structure is connected to the radiating surface, a feeder layer is arranged on the side of the grounding plate, and a dielectric layer is arranged between the grounding plate and the feeder layer; the feeder layer is provided with a first polarization feeder and a second polarization feeder; the grounding plate has both the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun. The first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can realize the function of the polarization feeder of the radiating surface and the function of the feeder of the balun. The feeding network and the balun of the antenna are integrated by the grounding plate, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder in the present application, the antenna subarray has a simple structure, and the function of the base station antenna is realized by fewer components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna subarray and a base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the demand for communication system capacity is increasing, and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology and beamforming array antennas have emerged. Traditional base station antennas achieve real-time variability of network coverage through electrical connections between radiation units and feed networks to meet the ever-changing coverage scenarios and enhance network performance.

[0003] However, in current technology, the structure of base station antennas is complex, which increases the complexity of installing each component. For example, see Figure 1A As shown, in one implementation, the base station antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate (1), a first upper metal layer (2), a second lower metal layer (3), a metal reflector (4), a dielectric substrate hybrid balun (5) and a nylon plastic column (6). The dielectric substrate is supported on the metal reflector (4) by at least four nylon plastic columns (6), and the first dielectric substrate is fed by the dielectric substrate hybrid balun (5); the first upper metal layer (2) and the second lower metal layer (3) are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate (1) respectively; two crossed dipole antennas are printed on the first upper metal layer (2) and the second lower metal layer (3) respectively; the dielectric substrate hybrid balun (5) comprises a balun upper metal layer, a balun middle metal layer and a balun lower metal layer, a second dielectric plate is arranged between the balun upper metal layer and the balun middle metal layer, and a second dielectric plate is arranged between the balun middle metal layer and the balun lower metal layer. Please refer to Figure 1B As shown, the upper metal layer of the balun includes a first gradient line (9) and two first balun metal grounds (8), the middle metal layer of the balun includes a balun feed line (10), and the lower metal layer of the balun includes a second gradient line (12) and two second balun metal grounds (11).

[0004] In the current technology, the balun structure is complex, and the hybrid balun is implemented in a pin-insertion manner, which is complex in structure and difficult to install. In addition, the dipole antenna is supported on a metal reflector by multiple independent nylon plastic columns (6), which also increases the difficulty of installation. Therefore, developing a more simplified base station antenna is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna subarray, comprising: a reflector, multiple radiating surfaces and a ground plane of the multiple radiating surfaces; the ground plane is vertically arranged on the reflector, and the ground plane comprises an integrated bottom structure and multiple branch structures; the bottom structure is connected to the reflector, and the top of the branch structure is connected to the radiating surface; a feeder layer is arranged on the side of the ground plane, and a dielectric layer is arranged between the ground plane and the feeder layer; the feeder layer is provided with a first polarization feeder and a second polarization feeder; the radiating surface comprises a first electric dipole and a second electric dipole arranged crosswise; the first polarization feeder is connected to the first electric dipole, and the second polarization feeder is used to connect the second electric dipole.

[0006] In this example, the ground plate can have the functions of two components at the same time, that is, the ground plate has both the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun of the radiation unit. It can be understood that the ground plate includes an integrated bottom structure and multiple branch structures, wherein the multiple branch structures are used to connect multiple radiating surfaces and play a role in supporting multiple radiating surfaces. The top of each branch structure is connected to the radiating surface, and the branch structure can realize both the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun. In addition, the side of the ground plate is provided with a first polarization feeder and a second polarization feeder, and the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can realize both the function of the polarization feeder of the radiating surface and the function of the feeder of the balun. The feeding network and the balun of the antenna are integrated by the ground plate, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder in this example. Compared with the prior art, the base station antenna in this example has a simple structure and realizes the function of the base station antenna through fewer components, which can realize simple installation and reduce production costs.

[0007] In an optional implementation, the feeder layer includes a first feeder layer and a second feeder layer, and the dielectric layer includes a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer; a first feeder layer is provided on one side of the grounding plate, and the first feeder layer is used to set a first polarization feeder, and the first feeder layer is processed into a first polarization feeder through processing, that is, the first feeder layer is a first polarization feeder, and a second feeder layer is provided on the other side of the grounding plate, and the second feeder layer is used to set a second polarization feeder, and the second feeder layer is processed into a second polarization feeder through processing, that is, the second feeder layer is a second polarization feeder.

[0008] In this example, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder are located on both sides of the ground plane, respectively. A dielectric layer is provided between the three metal layers of the ground plane, the first feeder layer (i.e., the first polarization feeder) and the second feeder layer (i.e., the second polarization feeder), and the antenna subarray structure integrating the feed network and the balun is realized through the three metal layers of the two feeder layers and the grounding layer, which has a simple structure and is easy to install.

[0009] In an optional implementation, the ground plate, the first polarization feed line, and the second polarization feed line are all sheet metal parts.

[0010] In this example, the integrated structure of the feed network and balun of the base station antenna is realized by three layers of sheet metal, which has a simple structure and is easy to install. In addition, from the perspective of production cost, the method of using sheet metal as a ground plate and polarization feeder can reduce the production cost of the base station antenna.

[0011] In an optional implementation, the dielectric layer is an air dielectric layer; the dielectric layer between the ground plate and the first feed layer is a first air dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer between the ground plate and the second feed layer is a second air dielectric layer.

[0012] In this example, an air microstrip line is formed by three layers of sheet metal and an air dielectric layer. The dielectric layer in the air microstrip line is air, so the dielectric loss can be greatly reduced.

[0013] In an optional implementation, the first feeder layer is a signal layer of a first PCB, and the second feeder layer is a signal layer of a second PCB; the ground plane includes a ground layer of the first PCB and a ground layer of the second PCB.

[0014] In this example, the grounding layer of the first PCB and the grounding layer of the second PCB jointly realize the function of the "common ground", that is, the grounding layers of the two PCBs can realize the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun of the radiating unit. The first polarization feeder can be deployed on the signal layer of the first PCB, and the second polarization feeder can be deployed on the signal layer of the second PCB, that is, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder are respectively located on both sides of the "common ground", and the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can be used as feeders of the radiating surface to feed the radiating surface, and the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can also realize the function of the balun feeder, playing the role of balanced feeding for multiple radiating units. In this example, the integrated structure of the feeding network and balun of the base station antenna is realized through the structure of two PCBs, and the structure is simple and easy to install.

[0015] In an optional implementation, the first dielectric layer is a dielectric layer of a first PCB, and the second dielectric layer is a dielectric layer of a second PCB.

[0016] In this example, the structure of the "common ground", the first polarization feed line, the second polarization feed line and the dielectric layer is realized by a PCB structure, thereby achieving advantages such as easy processing and light weight.

[0017] In an optional implementation, a feeder layer is arranged on the same side of the ground plate, the ground plate is the ground layer of the PCB, the feeder layer is the signal layer of the PCB, and the dielectric layer is the dielectric layer of the PCB; a first via hole and a second via hole are arranged on the PCB; a window is arranged in the ground layer of the PCB and at corresponding positions of the first via hole and the second via hole; the distance between the first via hole and the second via hole is greater than or equal to the width of the first polarization feeder; the second polarization feeder includes a jumper segment, and the jumper segment is located at the window position through the first via hole and the second via hole.

[0018] In this example, the grounding layer of the PCB is used to realize the function of the "common ground", which can realize the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun of the radiation unit. The first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can realize the function of the feeder of the radiation surface and the function of the feeder of the balun. In this example, in order to avoid the electrical connection between the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can be set on the same side of the grounding plate by means of a cross jumper, thereby realizing an integrated structure of the feeding network and the balun, and realizing a simple structure of the base station antenna and easy installation. In this example, the structure of the "common ground", the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder is realized by the PCB structure, thereby achieving the advantages of easy processing and light weight.

[0019] In an optional implementation, the radiation surface includes four annular structures; wherein the first annular structure and the third annular structure are first electric dipoles; and the second annular structure and the fourth annular structure are second electric dipoles.

[0020] In this example, each ring structure is a radiating arm of the radiating surface. The radiating arm of the radiating surface is realized by the ring structure. The induced current on the radiating arm is symmetrical about the center of the vibrator. There is no potential difference between the two feeds of the vibrator, thereby achieving high isolation.

[0021] In an optional implementation, the radiating surface is a sheet metal part, or the radiating surface is a PCB structure. In this example, the radiating surface is a sheet metal part, which can reduce the cost of the antenna subarray, and has a stable structure and a long service life; the radiating surface is a PCB structure, which has the advantages of easy processing and light weight.

[0022] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a base station antenna, including a radome, wherein the radome includes a plurality of antenna subarrays as described in the first aspect above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1A and Figure 1B A schematic diagram of an example of a base station antenna in a conventional method;

[0024] Figure 2A schematic diagram of an example of a base station antenna feed system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the internal components of the antenna cover in the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an example of an antenna subarray in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of an example of the bottom structure and multiple branch structures of the grounding plate in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig. 6A A schematic diagram of a side view structure of an example of an antenna subarray in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6B A schematic diagram of a top view structure of an example of an antenna subarray in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a side view schematic diagram of the PCB in the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a side view structure of another example of an antenna subarray in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig. 9A This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of another example of the antenna subarray in the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig. 9B It is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure of another example of the antenna subarray in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments described here can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The term "and / or" appearing in this application can be a kind of association relationship describing associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or" relationship. In this application, "multiple" refers to greater than or equal to 2.

[0035] The present application provides an antenna subarray, which is applied to a base station antenna feed system. Figure 2 As shown, the base station antenna feed system includes: a base station antenna 201, a feeder system 202, a pole 203, an antenna adjustment bracket 204, etc. Among them, the base station antenna 201 is used to receive and send wireless signals, and the base station antenna 201 is a dual-polarized antenna. The feeder system 202 is a wire system for transmitting signals between the transmitting device and the base station antenna. The pole 203 is used to fix the base station antenna 201. The antenna adjustment bracket 204 is used to adjust the angle of the base station antenna 201.

[0036] See also Figure 3As shown, the base station antenna includes an antenna cover, in which an antenna subarray is arranged, and the antenna subarray includes a reflector 301 and a plurality of radiating surfaces 302 arranged on the reflector 301. Optionally, the antenna cover may also include a phase shifter 303, a combiner 304 (or a filter) and a transmission or calibration network 305. Among them, the antenna cover is used to protect the components in the antenna cover from the influence of the external environment, and the antenna cover has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in electrical performance, and can withstand the effects of the external harsh environment in mechanical performance. The phase shifter 303 can be used to control the change of the signal phase. The input signal can be phase-shifted by the phase shifter 303, and the relative phase between the signals can be changed to ensure that the signal can be smoothly transmitted inside the base station antenna. The combiner 304 is a radio frequency device used to combine two or more signals of different frequency bands, and the combiner is connected to the antenna connector. The transmission or calibration network 305 is used to ensure that the phase and attenuation generated by the signal through each path are consistent, so as to ensure that the beamforming formed by the baseband signal processing can be accurately distributed to the radiating surface 302 of the antenna. In the present application, the phase shifter 303, the combiner 304 and the transmission or calibration network 305 are not described in detail. The antenna subarray is described below by way of an embodiment.

[0037] In the present application, the antenna cover includes a reflector, multiple radiating surfaces and a grounding plate for the multiple radiating surfaces. The grounding plate is vertically arranged on the reflector, and the grounding plate includes an integrated bottom structure and multiple branch structures, the bottom structure is connected to the reflector, and the top of the branch structure is connected to the radiating surface. A feeder layer is arranged on the side of the grounding plate, and a dielectric layer is separated from the grounding plate and the feeder layer. The feeder layer is provided with a first polarization feeder and a second polarization feeder. Each radiating surface includes a first electric dipole and a second electric dipole arranged crosswise. The first polarization feeder is connected to the first electric dipole, and the first polarization feeder feeds the first electric dipole. The second polarization feeder is connected to the second electric dipole, and the second polarization feeder feeds the first electric dipole.

[0038] In the present application, the grounding plate may also be referred to as a "common grounding plate" or a "common ground". The reason why the grounding plate can be referred to as a "common ground" is that the grounding plate can have the functions of two components at the same time, that is, the grounding plate has both the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun of the radiation unit. It can be understood that the grounding plate includes an integrated bottom structure and multiple branch structures, wherein the multiple branch structures are used to connect multiple radiation surfaces and play a role in supporting multiple radiation surfaces. The top of each branch structure is connected to the radiation surface, and the branch structure can realize both the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun. In addition, a first polarization feeder and a second polarization feeder are arranged on the side of the grounding plate, and the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can realize both the function of the polarization feeder of the radiation surface and the function of the feeder of the balun. The feeding network and balun of the antenna are integrated through the ground plate, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder in the present application. Compared with the prior art, the antenna subarray in the present application has a simple structure and realizes the function of the base station antenna through fewer components, which can not only realize simple installation but also reduce production costs.

[0039] In order to better understand the present application, the terms involved in the present application are first explained.

[0040] Radiating unit: It can also be called "antenna vibrator", "vibrator", etc. The radiating unit is the basic structural unit of the antenna array. The radiating unit can effectively radiate or receive radio waves. The radiating unit includes a radiating surface and a balun.

[0041] Reflector: It can also be called "bottom plate", "antenna panel", "metal reflector", etc. The reflector is used to improve the receiving sensitivity of the antenna signal and reflect the antenna signal to the receiving point. The reflector can not only enhance the receiving or transmitting ability of the antenna, but also block and shield the interference of other radio waves from the back (opposite direction) to the received signal.

[0042] Feed network: used to feed the signal to the radiating unit according to a certain amplitude and phase, or to send the received wireless signal to the signal processing unit of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase. The feed network is usually composed of controlled impedance transmission lines.

[0043] Balun: It is used to achieve balanced feeding to the radiating unit and can also play the role of supporting the radiating surface.

[0044] Sheet metal: Sheet metal is a comprehensive cold processing technology for metal sheets (usually less than 6mm), for example, including shearing, punching, cutting, folding, etc. Sheet metal refers to metal parts processed by sheet metal, which can be copper sheet metal parts, aluminum sheet metal parts, etc., and there is no specific limitation.

[0045] The grounding plate is "vertically" arranged on the reflecting plate. The grounding plate includes a main surface, a back surface and four side surfaces. The grounding plate uses one of the side surfaces as the bottom surface. The side surfaces of the grounding plate are connected to the reflecting plate. The grounding plate is perpendicular to the reflecting plate.

[0046] In the present application, a feeder layer is provided on the side of the grounding plate. One possible implementation is to provide feeder layers on both sides of the grounding plate, that is, a first feeder layer is provided on one side of the grounding plate, and a second feeder layer can be provided on the other side of the grounding plate. The first feeder layer is used to provide the first polarization feeder, and the second feeder layer is used to provide the second polarization feeder. There is a dielectric layer between the three metal layers of the grounding plate, the first feeder layer (i.e., the first polarization feeder) and the second feeder layer (i.e., the second polarization feeder). The antenna subarray structure integrating the feeding network and the balun is realized through the three metal layers of the two feeder layers and the grounding layer. For details of this implementation, please refer to the following embodiment 1. In another implementation, a feeder layer is provided on the same side of the grounding plate, that is, both the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder are provided on the feeder layer. The base station antenna structure integrating the feeding network and the balun is realized through the two metal layers of the grounding layer and the feeder layer. For details of this implementation, please refer to the following embodiment 2.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] This application embodiment provides an embodiment of an antenna subarray, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the base station antenna includes a reflector 401, a plurality of radiating surfaces 403 and a grounding plate 402 (also referred to as a "common ground" or a "common grounding plate"). The grounding plate 402 is vertically arranged on the reflector 401. The grounding plate 402 includes an integrated bottom structure 4021 and a plurality of branch structures 4022, the bottom structure 4021 can be connected to the reflector 401 by screws 409, the top of the branch structure 4022 is connected to the radiating surface 403, and the top of each branch structure 4022 is connected to a radiating surface 403. Feeder layers are arranged on both sides of the grounding plate 402, the feeder layers include a first feeder layer and a second feeder layer, and the dielectric layer includes a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer. A first feeder layer is arranged on one side of the grounding plate 402, and the first feeder layer is used to set a first polarization feeder 404, for example, the first polarization feeder 404 is a +45° polarization feeder. A second feeder layer is provided on the other side of the ground plane 402, and the second feeder layer is used to set a second polarization feeder, such as a -45° polarization feeder. Each radiating surface 403 includes a first electric dipole 4031 (such as a +45° electric dipole) and a second electric dipole 4032 (such as a -45° electric dipole) arranged crosswise, the first polarization feeder 404 is connected to the first electric dipole 4031, and the second polarization feeder is used to connect the second electric dipole 4032.

[0049] In the first possible implementation, see Fig. 6A and Figure 6B As shown, the dielectric layer is an air dielectric layer, the dielectric layer between the ground plate 402 and the first feed layer is a first air dielectric layer 4061, and the dielectric layer between the ground plate 402 and the second feed layer is a second air dielectric layer 4062. That is, one side of the ground plate 402 is the first polarization feed line 404, and the other side of the ground plate 402 is the second polarization feed line 405. The ground plate 402, the first polarization feed line 404, and the second polarization feed line 405 can all be sheet metal parts. It can be understood that in the present application, the first feed line layer is processed into the first polarization feed line by the sheet metal process, and the first feed line layer is the first polarization feed line. Similarly, the second feed line layer is processed into the second polarization feed line by the sheet metal process, and the second feed line layer is the second polarization feed line.

[0050] In this example, first, the ground plate includes an integrated bottom structure and multiple branch structures, and the integrated structure is easy to process. Each branch structure is connected to the radiating surface, and multiple radiating surfaces are connected by multiple branch structures. The branch structure not only supports the radiating surface, but also serves as the "ground" of the balun. Moreover, the ground plate also serves as the "ground" of the polarization feeder, and the ground plate can be understood as the "common ground" of the polarization feeder and the balun. Then, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can be used as feeders for the radiating surface to feed the radiating surface, and the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can also realize the function of the balun feeder, and play the role of balanced feeding for multiple radiating units. In this example, the integrated structure of the feed network and balun of the base station antenna is realized by two layers of metal layers (such as sheet metal), and the structure is simple and easy to install. Finally, an air microstrip line is formed by three layers of sheet metal and an air dielectric layer. The dielectric layer in the air microstrip line is air, so the dielectric loss can be greatly reduced. And from the perspective of production cost, the implementation method of sheet metal will be lower than the implementation method of PCB, cable or super etched pattern (PEP), that is, the method of using sheet metal as ground plate and feeder can reduce the production cost of base station antenna.

[0051] In the second possible implementation, the feed network and balun are integrated into one structure by integrating two printed circuit boards (PCBs). Figure 7 As shown, the structure of the PCB in the present application is first described. The PCB may include at least a three-layer structure, which may include a signal layer 701, a dielectric layer 702, and a ground layer 703. Among them, the signal layer 701 may be the top layer of the PCB, which is used to deploy the polarized feeder. The dielectric layer 702 is the middle layer of the PCB, which is the substrate layer (or also called the insulating layer) of the PCB. The ground layer 703 is used for grounding and is a metal layer.

[0052] See also Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, the first feeder layer is the signal layer 804 of the first PCB, and the second feeder layer is the signal layer 805 of the second PCB. The ground plane (i.e., the "common ground") includes the ground layer 8021 of the first PCB and the ground layer 8022 of the second PCB, and the ground layer 8021 of the first PCB is connected to the ground layer 8022 of the second PCB. The first dielectric layer is the dielectric layer 8061 of the first PCB, and the second dielectric layer is the dielectric layer 8062 of the second PCB.

[0053] It can be understood that the grounding layer of the first PCB and the grounding layer of the second PCB jointly realize the function of the "common ground", that is, the grounding layers of the two PCBs can realize the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun of the radiation unit. The first polarization feeder can be deployed on the signal layer of the first PCB, and the second polarization feeder can be deployed on the signal layer of the second PCB, that is, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder are respectively located on both sides of the "common ground", and the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can be used as feeders of the radiation surface to feed the radiation surface, and the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can also realize the function of the balun feeder, which plays a role in balanced feeding for multiple radiation units. In this example, the integrated structure of the feeding network and the balun of the base station antenna is realized by the structure of the two PCBs, and the structure is simple and easy to install. In this example, the structure of the "common ground", the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder is realized by the PCB structure, so as to achieve the advantages of easy processing and light weight.

[0054] Embodiment 2

[0055] The present application embodiment provides another embodiment of an antenna subarray. The main difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is that in the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder are respectively arranged on both sides of the ground plane. In this embodiment, the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder are arranged on the same side of the ground plane. Fig. 9A and 9B As shown, in this example, the number of radiation surfaces 403 is described by taking two as an example. The base station antenna includes a reflector 401, multiple radiation surfaces 403 and a ground plate 402 (also referred to as a "common ground"). The ground plate 402 is vertically arranged on the reflector 401, and the ground plate 402 includes an integrated bottom structure 4021 and multiple branch structures 4022 (two branch structures are taken as an example in this example), and the bottom structure 4021 can be connected to the reflector 401 by screws, and the top of the branch structure 4022 is connected to the radiation surface 403, and the top of each branch structure 4022 is connected to a radiation surface 403. A feeder layer is arranged on the same side of the ground plate 402, and a first polarization feeder 404 and a second polarization feeder 405 are deployed on the feeder layer.

[0056] In this example, the functions of the "common ground" and the first polarization feeder 404 and the second polarization feeder 405 can be realized by the structure of the PCB. Among them, the ground plane 402 (i.e., the common ground) is the grounding layer of the PCB, the feeder layer is the signal layer of the PCB, and the dielectric layer is the dielectric layer of the PCB. Since in this example, the first polarization feeder 404 and the second polarization feeder 405 are both arranged on the signal layer of the PCB, in order to avoid the first polarization feeder 404 and the second polarization feeder 405 from being electrically connected crosswise, a cross jumper is used to realize that the first polarization feeder 404 and the second polarization feeder 405 are arranged on the same side of the "common ground". For example, on one side of the dielectric layer, there is an intersection position 904 between the first polarized feed line 404 and the second polarized feed line 405, and on the other side of the dielectric layer (i.e., the signal layer of the PCB), a window 903 is provided at a position corresponding to the intersection position 904, and the window 903 is used to set a "jump line segment 4051" of the second polarized feed line 405, and the "jump line segment 4051" refers to a feed line segment of the second polarized feed line 405 located at the "intersection position 904". Please refer to Fig. 9A As shown, the first polarization feed line 404 and the second polarization feed line 405 are both used to connect the two radiating surfaces 403, so that the first polarization feed line 404 and the second polarization feed line 405 are both "concave" structures. The first polarization feed line 404 and the second polarization feed line 405 each include two vertical feed line segments and one horizontal feed line segment. A first via hole 901 and a second via hole 902 are provided on the PCB (such as in a branch structure), and the distance between the first via hole 901 and the second via hole 902 is greater than or equal to the width of the first polarization feed line 404. The horizontal feed line segment of the first polarization feed line 404 is located between the first via hole 901 and the second via hole 902 at the intersection position 904. Please refer to Fig. 9B As shown, the second polarized feed line 405 passes through the first via hole 901 and comes out from the second via hole 902, that is, the "jump line segment 4051" of the second polarized feed line 405 passes through the first via hole 901 and the second via hole 902 and is located at the window 903 of the ground layer of the PCB.

[0057] In this example, the grounding layer of the PCB is used to realize the function of the "common ground", which can realize the function of the "ground" of the polarization feeder and the function of the "ground" of the balun of the radiation unit. The first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder can realize the function of the feeder of the radiation surface and the feeder of the balun. In this example, a cross jumper can be used to set the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder on the same side of the grounding plate, thereby realizing an integrated structure of the feeding network and the balun, and realizing a simple base station antenna structure and easy installation. In this example, the structure of the "common ground", the first polarization feeder and the second polarization feeder is realized through the PCB structure, thereby achieving the advantages of easy processing and light weight.

[0058] In the present application, please refer to Figure 4 As shown, the radiation surface may include four annular structures. Among them, the first annular structure and the third annular structure are the first electric dipole (such as a +45° electric dipole). The second annular structure and the fourth annular structure are the second electric dipole (such as a -45° electric dipole). Among them, the four annular structures are connected by a cross-placed vibrator. When one of the dipoles is stimulated to work, the other orthogonally placed dipole acts as a parasitic unit to broaden the impedance bandwidth, that is, to generate a new resonant frequency. Each annular structure is a radiation arm of the radiation surface. The radiation arm of the radiation surface is realized by the annular structure. The induced current on the radiation arm is symmetrical about the center of the vibrator. There is no potential difference between the two feeds of the vibrator, and high isolation is achieved.

[0059] It can be understood that the shape of the radiation arm of the radiation surface is only an example, and the specific shape of the radiation arm is not limited in the present application.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, the first polarization feeder is further connected to a first polarization signal input point, through which a signal is input to the first polarization feeder. The second polarization feeder is further connected to a second polarization signal input point, through which a signal is input to the second polarization feeder.

[0061] Optionally, the radiating surface may also be a sheet metal part. The radiating unit structure of the sheet metal part is stable and has a long service life. The structure of the radiating surface as a sheet metal part can reduce the cost of the antenna subarray. Optionally, the radiating surface may also be a PCB structure. The structure of the radiating surface is realized by the PCB structure, which has the advantages of easy processing and light weight.

[0062] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna subarray, It is characterized in that include: A reflector, a plurality of radiation surfaces and a ground plate of the plurality of radiation surfaces; The ground plate is vertically arranged on the reflector, and the ground plate includes an integrated bottom structure and a plurality of branch structures; The bottom structure is connected to the reflector, and the top of the branch structure is connected to the radiation surface; a feeder layer is arranged on the side of the ground plate, and a dielectric layer is arranged between the ground plate and the feeder layer; the feeder layer is used to arrange a first polarization feeder and a second polarization feeder; the radiation surface includes a first electric dipole and a second electric dipole arranged crosswise; The first polarization feeder is connected to the first electric dipole, and the second polarization feeder is used to connect the second electric dipole; The feeder layer includes a first feeder layer and a second feeder layer. The first feeder layer is arranged on one side of the grounding plate, and the first feeder layer is used to set the first polarization feeder. The second feeder layer is arranged on the other side of the grounding plate, and the second feeder layer is used to set the second polarization feeder.

2. The antenna subarray according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The dielectric layer includes a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer.

3. The antenna subarray according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The ground plate, the first polarization feed line and the second polarization feed line are all sheet metal parts.

4. The antenna subarray according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that The dielectric layer is an air dielectric layer; the dielectric layer between the ground plate and the first feeder layer is a first air dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer between the ground plate and the second feeder layer is a second air dielectric layer.

5. The antenna subarray according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The first feeder layer is a signal layer of the first PCB, and the second feeder layer is a signal layer of the second PCB; the ground plane includes a ground layer of the first PCB and a ground layer of the second PCB.

6. The antenna subarray according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The first dielectric layer is a dielectric layer of the first PCB, and the second dielectric layer is a dielectric layer of the second PCB.

7. The antenna subarray according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The feeder layer is arranged on the same side of the ground plane, the ground plane is the grounding layer of the PCB, the feeder layer is the signal layer of the PCB, and the dielectric layer is the dielectric layer of the PCB; The PCB is provided with a first via hole and a second via hole; a window is provided on the ground layer of the PCB and at corresponding positions of the first via hole and the second via hole; The distance between the first via hole and the second via hole is greater than or equal to the width of the first polarization feed line; The second polarization feed line includes a jumper segment, and the jumper segment is located at the window position through the first via hole and the second via hole.

8. The antenna subarray according to any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that The radiation surface includes four annular structures; the first annular structure and the third annular structure are first electric dipoles; the second annular structure and the fourth annular structure are second electric dipoles.

9. The antenna subarray according to any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that The radiation surface is a sheet metal part, or the radiation surface is a PCB structure.

10. A base station antenna, It is characterized in that It comprises a radome, wherein the radome comprises a plurality of antenna sub-arrays according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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