A drilling rig and drilling method without derrick or drill pipe casing follow-up

Abstract

A drilling device and method without a derrick and without drill pipe casing is disclosed. It primarily addresses the problems of high construction costs, easy drill bit burial, collapse, and drill pipe breakage during drilling in existing drilling methods. The method is characterized by: longitudinal air injection holes (6) and exhaust / slag discharge holes (7) respectively opened on the casing wall; after several casings are connected, all air injection holes (6) and all exhaust / slag discharge holes (7) are interconnected; a pneumatic motor (3) is connected to the lowest casing, and a drill bit (4) is connected to the pneumatic motor (3); an air compressor (9) is connected to the pneumatic motor (3) through a high-pressure air injection main pipe (11) and air injection holes (6). This drilling method eliminates the need for a derrick and drill pipe, saving costs; it allows for simultaneous drilling and casing installation, preventing drill bit burial, breakage, and collapse, ensuring construction safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling, specifically to a drilling apparatus and method that involves drilling without a derrick or drill pipe casing. Background Technology

[0002] Current drilling methods all require tall derricks. The drilling rig drives the drill pipe and the drill bit to drill downwards. After drilling is completed, the casing is then installed. This method has high construction costs, the drill pipe is easily broken during drilling, and there is a risk of drill bit burial and collapse when installing the casing. In severe cases, it can even lead to the abandonment of the wellbore. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the problems of high construction costs, easy drilling blockage, and drill pipe breakage during casing installation in existing drilling methods, this invention provides a drilling device and method without a derrick or drill pipe. This drilling method eliminates the need for a derrick and drill pipe, saving costs. Casing is installed while drilling, preventing drilling blockage, drill pipe breakage, and collapse, thus ensuring construction safety.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is: a drilling device without derrick or drill pipe casing, comprising an air compressor and casing, wherein longitudinal air injection holes and air exhaust and slag discharge holes are respectively opened on the casing wall, and after several casings are connected, the air injection holes and air exhaust and slag discharge holes are connected to each other, wherein a pneumatic motor is connected to the lowest casing, and a drill bit is connected to the pneumatic motor, and the air compressor is connected to the pneumatic motor through a high-pressure air injection main pipe and air injection holes.

[0005] The casing wall has longitudinal reverse circulation air injection holes and mud holes, wherein the upper end of the reverse circulation air injection hole is connected to the high pressure air injection main pipe, and the upper end of the mud hole is connected to the slag discharge main pipe.

[0006] The casing includes a multi-channel casing and a reverse circulation casing, wherein the reverse circulation air injection port on the reverse circulation casing is connected to the mud port through a gas-mud connection channel.

[0007] The reverse circulation casing is located 400m-600m from the bottom of the well.

[0008] The inner wall of the sleeve has a slide rail, the pneumatic motor is connected to the slide rail, and the bottom of the sleeve at the lowest end is provided with a baffle.

[0009] The lowest sleeve is a multi-channel sleeve.

[0010] It also includes an upper cover, which is connected to the sleeve by a connecting rod. The upper cover is connected to an injection pipe, an exhaust pipe, a slag discharge pipe, and a reverse circulation injection pipe, wherein the injection pipe and the reverse circulation injection pipe are connected to the high-pressure injection main pipe, and the slag discharge pipe is connected to the slag discharge main pipe.

[0011] A drilling method without derrick or drill pipe casing includes: starting an air compressor to inject air into the air injection port of the casing; high-pressure air drives a pneumatic motor to rotate, thereby driving the drill bit to rotate and achieve drilling; as the drill bit drills, it drives the casing to descend; after descending to the depth of one casing, the air compressor is turned off; after connecting the other end of the casing to the upper end of the casing downhole, the air compressor is restarted, and the drill bit continues to drive the casing to descend.

[0012] Furthermore, during drilling, after every few multi-channel casings are inserted, a reverse circulation casing is inserted.

[0013] Furthermore, the air compressor simultaneously injects air into the reverse circulation air injection hole, and the high-pressure gas enters the mud hole through the gas-mud connection channel, pushing the mud out through the slag discharge pipe.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: Due to the above-mentioned solution, the drilling device drives the drill bit to drill by a pneumatic motor driven by high-pressure gas. At the same time as drilling, the casing is lowered, eliminating the need for drill rods and derricks. This saves construction costs and avoids well wall collapse, breakage, and drill bit burial, thus ensuring construction safety. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 Sectional view of AA;

[0017] Figure 3 It is along Figure 1 Sectional view of BB;

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 View from C.

[0019] In the diagram: 1-Multi-channel casing, 2-Reverse circulation casing, 3-Pneumatic motor, 4-Drill bit, 5-Connecting rod, 6-Air injection hole, 7-Exhaust and slag discharge hole, 8-Slide rail, 9-Air compressor, 10-Booster, 11-High-pressure air injection main pipe, 12-Slag discharge main pipe, 13-Mud-water separator, 14-Mud hole, 15-Reverse circulation air injection hole, 16-Gas-mud connection channel, 17-Top cover, 61-Air injection pipe, 71-Exhaust pipe, 141-Slag discharge pipe, 151-Reverse circulation air injection pipe. Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Depend on Figures 1 to 4As shown, a drilling rig without a derrick or drill pipe casing includes an air compressor 9 and a casing. The casing is composed of several interconnected casing units. Several connecting rods 5 are fixed to the upper end face of each casing unit, with the upper ends of the connecting rods 5 protruding from the upper surface of the casing unit. A countersunk hole corresponding to the connecting rod 5 is formed on the lower end face of each casing unit. When the casing units are connected, the upper ends of the connecting rods 5 are located within the countersunk holes of the upper casing unit. A pneumatic motor 3 is connected to the lowest casing unit, and a drill bit 4 is connected to the pneumatic motor 3. The drill bit 4 can be selected according to the formation conditions. A slide rail 8 is formed on the inner wall of the casing, and the pneumatic motor 3 is connected to the slide rail 8. A baffle is provided at the bottom of the lowest casing unit. The pneumatic motor 3 can slide along the slide rail 8, so that after drilling is completed, the pneumatic motor 3 and the drill bit 4 can be pulled out from the well along the slide rail 8.

[0022] The casing wall has longitudinally arranged air injection holes 6, venting and slag removal holes 7, reverse circulation air injection holes 15, and mud holes 14. After several casing units are connected, their respective air injection holes 6, venting and slag removal holes 7, reverse circulation air injection holes 15, and mud holes 14 correspond to each other, forming air injection channels, venting channels, reverse circulation air injection holes, and mud channels. The drilling rig also includes a top cover 17, which is located at the top of all casing units and is connected to the casing units via connecting rods 5. Air injection pipes 61, venting pipes 71, slag removal pipes 141, and reverse circulation air injection pipes 151 are connected to the top cover 17. After the top cover 17 is connected to the casing units, the above pipes correspond to the respective channels. Among them, air injection pipes 61 and reverse circulation air injection pipes 151 are connected to the high-pressure air injection main pipe 11, slag removal pipes 141 are connected to the slag removal main pipe 12, and venting pipes 71 are open to the outside and are used for venting and handling waste generated during drilling. The air compressor 9 is connected to the pneumatic motor 3 through the high-pressure air injection main pipe 11 and the air injection port 6, and controls the start and stop of the pneumatic motor 3.

[0023] The casing includes several multi-channel casings 1 and one reverse circulation casing 2, with the lowest casing being the multi-channel casing 1. The reverse circulation casing 2 is located 400m-600m from the bottom of the well, with an optimal distance of 500m. The reverse circulation casing 2 also has an injection port 6, an exhaust and slag discharge port 7, a reverse circulation injection port 15, and a mud port 14. The reverse circulation injection port 15 and the mud port 14 on the reverse circulation casing 2 are connected by a gas-mud connection channel 16, allowing high-pressure gas to push the mud upward along the mud channel.

[0024] A drilling method without a derrick or drill pipe casing includes the following steps:

[0025] S1. Connect the drill bit 4 to the lower end of the pneumatic motor 3, and connect the pneumatic motor 3 to the slide rail 8 of a multi-channel sleeve 1; place the upper cover 17 on the upper end of the multi-channel sleeve 1, and connect the air injection pipe 61 and the reverse circulation air injection pipe 151 on the upper cover 17 to the high pressure air injection main pipe 11, which is connected to the air compressor 9; the slag discharge pipe 141 is connected to the mud-water separator 13 through the slag discharge main pipe 12.

[0026] S2. After the drilling equipment is connected, the multi-channel casing 1 is lowered in. The air compressor 9 is started to inject air into the air injection port 6 of the casing. The high-pressure air drives the pneumatic motor 3 to rotate, which in turn drives the drill bit 4 to rotate to achieve drilling. At the same time, the casing is driven to move downward.

[0027] S3. After descending to the depth of one casing, turn off the air compressor 9, remove the top cover 17, connect the other end of the casing to the upper end of the casing downhole, and then connect the top cover 17 to the upper part of the casing. Then start the air compressor 9 again, and the drill bit 4 continues to drive the casing down.

[0028] S4. During drilling, after several multi-channel casings 1 are run, a reverse circulation casing 2 is run. The reverse circulation casing 2 is located 400m-600m from the bottom of the well and is connected between two multi-channel casings 1. After the reverse circulation casing 2 is run, the air compressor 9 injects air into the air injection port 6 and simultaneously injects air into the reverse circulation air injection port 15. The high-pressure gas enters the mud port 14 through the gas-mud connection channel 16, pushing the mud out through the slag discharge pipe 141 and into the mud-water separator 13 through the slag discharge main pipe 12. The separated water is then injected back into the well, and the mud is transported away by a mud truck for processing.

[0029] S5. After drilling is completed, lower the steel wire, lift the pneumatic motor 3 and drill bit 4, and the pneumatic motor 3 will move upward along the slide 8 on the inner wall of the casing, and then be pulled out.

Claims

1. A drilling apparatus without a derrick or drill pipe casing, comprising an air compressor (9) and casing, characterized in that: The casing wall has longitudinal air injection holes (6) and exhaust and slag discharge holes (7). After several casings are connected, all air injection holes (6) and all exhaust and slag discharge holes (7) are connected. The lowest casing is connected to a pneumatic motor (3), and the pneumatic motor (3) is connected to a drill bit (4). The air compressor (9) is connected to the pneumatic motor (3) through the high-pressure air injection main pipe (11) and the air injection holes (6). The casing wall has longitudinal reverse circulation air injection holes (15) and mud holes (14). The upper end of the reverse circulation air injection hole (15) is connected to the high-pressure air injection main pipe (11), and the upper end of the mud hole (14) is connected to the slag discharge main pipe (12). The casing includes several multi-channel casings (1) and a reverse circulation casing (2). The reverse circulation air injection hole (15) on the reverse circulation casing (2) is connected to the mud hole (14) through a gas-mud connection channel (16). The inner wall of the sleeve has a slide (8), the pneumatic motor (3) is connected to the slide (8), and the bottom of the sleeve at the lowest end is provided with a baffle.

2. The drilling apparatus for derrick-less and drill pipe-less casing follow-up as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The reverse circulation casing (2) is located 400m-600m from the bottom of the well.

3. The drilling apparatus for derrick-less and drill pipe-less casing follow-up as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The lowest sleeve is a multi-channel sleeve (1).

4. The drilling apparatus for derrick-less and drill pipe-less casing follow-up as described in claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an upper cover (17), which is connected to the sleeve via a connecting rod (5). The upper cover (17) is connected to an injection pipe (61), an exhaust pipe (71), a slag discharge pipe (141), and a reverse circulation injection pipe (151), respectively. The injection pipe (61) and the reverse circulation injection pipe (151) are connected to the high-pressure injection main pipe (11), and the slag discharge pipe (141) is connected to the slag discharge main pipe (12).

5. A drilling method using the drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Start the air compressor (9) to inject air into the air injection hole (6) of the casing. The high-pressure air drives the pneumatic motor (3) to rotate, thereby driving the drill bit (4) to rotate and realize drilling. While the drill bit (4) is drilling, it drives the casing to descend. After descending to the depth of one casing, turn off the air compressor (9). After connecting the other end of the casing at the upper end of the casing in the well, start the air compressor (9) again. The drill bit (4) continues to drive the casing to descend.

6. The drilling method without derrick and without drill pipe casing according to claim 5, characterized in that: During drilling, after several multi-channel casings (1) are installed, a reverse circulation casing (2) is installed at a depth of 400m-600m.

7. The drilling method for derrick-less and drill pipe-less casing follow-up as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The air compressor (9) simultaneously injects air into the reverse circulation air injection hole (15), and the high-pressure gas enters the mud hole (14) through the gas mud connection channel (16), pushing the mud out through the slag discharge pipe (141).

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