A polar sea ice stress buoy

Abstract

The present invention discloses a polar sea ice stress buoy, which relates to the field of polar environment monitoring. It includes a sealed electronic cabin, a buoyancy device, a communication device and a sea ice stress observation subsystem; the sealed electronic cabin includes a control cabin and a battery cabin, the control cabin includes a demodulator, a control module and a communication module, the battery cabin contains a battery module, the demodulator is connected to the control module via a communication cable, and the control module is connected to the communication module via a communication cable; the buoyancy device is made of buoyancy material, which surrounds and clings to the outside of the sealed electronic cabin, the communication device includes an iridium antenna and a GPS antenna; a communication cable is arranged in the communication bracket; the sea ice stress observation subsystem includes a mounting bracket, a sensor base and a fiber grating sensor. The present invention achieves the goal of obtaining the characteristics of sea ice stress changes in real time by real-time synchronous collection of strain data information during the formation and disappearance of polar sea ice; deepens the understanding of the dynamics of polar ice layers under polar environments, and improves the ability to predict and report sea ice changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of polar environment monitoring, and in particular to a polar sea ice stress buoy, which is used for long-term continuous monitoring of stress changes of polar sea ice during its formation and disappearance. Background Art

[0002] Global warming is significantly amplified in the Arctic, causing a rapid decrease in Arctic sea ice reserves. The rapid changes in sea ice will in turn cause abnormal effects on the global climate. Scientific research in this area is currently a hot topic and a difficult issue internationally.

[0003] The existing polar sea ice buoy design and technology in my country focus on monitoring environmental parameters such as ice surface meteorology, sea ice temperature and thickness, and shallow ocean temperature, salinity and depth under the ice, and the relevant technologies have been gradually improved and developed; the mechanical properties of sea ice are key environmental factors required for engineering applications in the polar regions, and the buoy technology for monitoring the change process of polar sea ice mechanical properties is blank. At present, the research on ice stress in China is concentrated on inland lake ice, reservoir ice and Bohai Sea ice, mainly collecting and analyzing samples. There is no ice-based buoy means for long-term continuous monitoring, and most of the research directions are concentrated on the data of ice layer temperature stress, that is, focusing on the data of ice layer stress changes caused by ice temperature changes. However, the physical properties of polar sea ice are very complex, especially the intensity of sea ice stress is not only related to the temperature of the ice layer, but also to the thickness, density, shape, structure, humidity and other factors of the ice layer. It is also affected by other factors in the marine environment, such as the flow speed and direction of seawater, the direction and intensity of wind, the size and direction of waves, etc. That is, for the study of polar sea ice stress, it is necessary to observe the change data of sea ice stress in a complete cycle in order to analyze the characteristics of sea ice mechanics under the influence of multiple factors.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to conduct long-term continuous monitoring of the stress changes of polar sea ice during its formation and disappearance, so as to achieve the goal of studying the changing characteristics of sea ice mechanics under the special polar environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem in the prior art of lack of long-term unmanned monitoring of polar sea ice stress variation characteristics under special polar environments, the present invention provides a polar sea ice stress buoy.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a polar sea ice stress buoy, comprising a sealed electronic cabin, a buoyancy device, a communication device and a sea ice stress observation subsystem; the communication device is located above the sealed electronic cabin and is connected to the top of the sealed electronic cabin through a communication bracket, the buoyancy device surrounds and closely adheres to the outside of the sealed electronic cabin, and the sea ice stress observation subsystem is located below the sealed electronic cabin; the sealed electronic cabin shell is sealed and cylindrical, the sealed electronic cabin comprises a control cabin and a battery cabin, the battery cabin is located below the control cabin, the control cabin comprises a demodulator, a control module and a communication module, the battery cabin contains a battery module, the demodulator is connected to the control module through a communication cable, and the control module is connected to the communication module through a communication cable; the buoyancy device is made of buoyancy material, the control cabin is located above the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy device is located, and the battery cabin is located above the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy device is located. The communication device comprises an Iridium antenna and a GPS antenna; a communication cable is arranged in the communication bracket; the Iridium antenna and the GPS antenna are installed on the top of the communication bracket; the Iridium antenna and the GPS antenna are connected to the communication module in the control cabin through the communication line and the watertight connector inside the communication bracket; the sea ice stress observation subsystem comprises a mounting bracket, a sensor base and a fiber grating sensor; the sensor base is provided with a plurality of sensors and is installed under the battery compartment through the mounting bracket, the mounting bracket is connected to the battery compartment, and the diameter of the sensor base is consistent with the size of the battery compartment, each sensor base is installed with a group of sensor groups, each sensor group is provided with three fiber grating sensors, the sensor base is coaxial with the sealed electronic compartment, and the fiber grating sensor is connected to the demodulator through the communication cable and the watertight plug-in.

[0007] A polar sea ice stress buoy designed by the present invention includes a sealed electronic cabin, a buoyancy device, a communication device and a sea ice stress observation subsystem; the communication device is located above the sealed electronic cabin and connected to the top of the sealed electronic cabin through a communication bracket, and is used for positioning and sending data. The buoyancy device surrounds and is tightly attached to the outside of the sealed electronic cabin, so that the sealed electronic cabin floats on the ice surface. The sea ice stress observation subsystem is located below the sealed electronic cabin, and the sea ice stress observation subsystem is used to collect sea ice stress change data. The sealed electronic cabin shell is sealed and cylindrical, and the sealed electronic cabin includes a control cabin and a battery cabin. The battery cabin is located below the control cabin. The control cabin includes a demodulator, a control module and a communication module. The battery cabin contains a battery module, which supplies power to the communication device and the sea ice stress observation subsystem. The demodulator is connected to the fiber grating sensor through a communication cable and a watertight plug-in, and is used to receive and pre-process the data transmitted by the fiber grating sensor. Then the demodulator is connected to the control module. The demodulator is connected to the control module through a communication cable, and the data is transmitted to the control module. The control module packages the data, and is connected to the communication module through a communication cable, and then the data is transmitted to the communication module. The buoyancy device is made of buoyancy material, the control cabin is located above the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy device is located, and the battery cabin is located below the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy device is located. Since the temperature below the ice surface is greater than the temperature above the ice surface, the control cabin is arranged above the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy material is located, which can ensure that the control cabin is above the ice surface, thereby ensuring the watertightness and reliability of the demodulator, the control module and the communication module, and also ensuring the communication efficiency of the communication module; also, since the temperature below the ice surface is greater than the temperature above the ice surface, the battery module is arranged in the battery cabin below the plane where the lower bottom surface of the control cabin is located, which can ensure that the battery module is below the ice surface, thereby providing a higher temperature environment for the battery module, and avoiding the loss of power supply efficiency and power supply capacity of the battery module due to too low ambient temperature. The communication device includes an Iridium antenna and a GPS antenna. The Iridium antenna is used to transmit data back to the country, and the GPS antenna is used for positioning. Communication cables are arranged in the communication bracket. The Iridium antenna and the GPS antenna are installed on the top of the communication bracket. The Iridium antenna and the GPS antenna are connected to the communication module in the control cabin through the communication lines and watertight connectors inside the communication bracket, and are also connected to the control module. The communication bracket avoids the lines being exposed to the outside and ensures the watertightness of the equipment. The sea ice stress observation subsystem includes a mounting bracket, a sensor base and a fiber grating sensor. There are multiple sensor bases and they are installed under the battery compartment through the mounting bracket. The mounting bracket is connected to the battery compartment, and the diameter of the sensor base is consistent with the size of the battery compartment. The purpose of the consistent size is to facilitate the selection of a reasonable outer diameter for the ice drill when the system is deployed and to reduce the influence of the upper ice on the sea ice stress observation subsystem caused by inconsistent sizes.A sensor group is installed on each sensor base, and each sensor group is equipped with three fiber grating sensors. The three fiber grating sensors are used to collect polar sea ice stress data. Since there are multiple sensor bases, multiple sets of polar sea ice stress data at different depths can be collected for comparison; the sea ice stress observation subsystem is set below the plane of the lower bottom surface of the battery compartment, which can ensure that the fiber grating sensor is always located in the sea ice layer, avoiding the sea ice stress observation subsystem from leaving the sea ice test area during the sea ice formation and disappearance process.

[0008] The present invention proposes a polar sea ice stress buoy and the overall system design of the buoy, wherein a fiber grating sensor direct measurement method is particularly proposed for the sea ice stress observation subsystem to measure the strain information characteristics generated by sea ice in the process of formation and disappearance, that is, a fixed sensor base is arranged in the same vertical direction and different horizontal directions, that is, in multiple layers, which is multi-layer ice force measurement; the fiber grating sensor is fixed and packaged on the sensor base in the same layer at three different horizontal angles, which is multi-angle ice force measurement, so that the stress change values ​​of the measured structure can be accurately and synchronously measured at multiple angles and multiple layers, so as to efficiently and accurately obtain the change data of sea ice stress, and grasp the change characteristics of polar sea ice stress through data analysis and processing.

[0009] Preferably, the buoyancy material adopts a glass microbead core material, and the surface of the buoyancy material is sprayed with a polyurea coating, and the surface is yellow, so that the buoy has good recognition in the polar regions; at the same time, the impact resistance of the buoyancy material when it collides with sea ice can also be improved. This kind of buoyancy material is arranged on the periphery of the control cabin and can provide buoyancy for the entire buoy system. That is, during a long period of unmanned observation, when the sea ice melts in summer, the buoyancy provided by the buoyancy material can ensure that the sea ice stress observation subsystem is always located below the horizontal plane, which can prevent the impact of ice and snow melting on the buoy system and ensure the continuity of sea ice stress observation when it re-freezes in winter.

[0010] Preferably, the communication bracket is made of aluminum alloy material with the surface treated by galvanizing cathodic protection, so that it has a lighter weight and higher mechanical strength and can effectively adapt to the environment of -40°C after the surface treated by galvanizing cathodic protection.

[0011] Preferably, the mounting bracket includes four vertical connecting rods, and the sensor base is provided with three of them and is horizontally connected to the vertical connecting rods in sequence from top to bottom, that is, three test layers with different depths are formed in the same vertical direction, which are recorded as area A, area B, and area C from top to bottom; the fiber grating sensors on the three sensor bases are arranged in the same manner and have the same relative positions. The three fiber grating sensors of each sensor group are installed on the sensor base at angles of 0°, +120°, and -120° by bolts. The arrangement of the fiber grating sensors realizes a multi-angle and multi-level data acquisition method, which can meet the needs of long-term monitoring and prevent special situations from occurring. For example, when one of the fiber grating sensors is damaged, the other fiber grating sensors can continue to be used and can continue to collect and transmit corresponding data. Furthermore, the sensor base adopts an aluminum alloy structure, which is suitable for polar measurements and has determined numerical values ​​of relevant parameters such as elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; the thickness is 10 mm and the outer diameter is 250 mm. The thickness design data has been determined through simulation to meet the sea ice strain test and strength requirements; the sensor base at the top is 500 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin, the sensor base in the middle is 800 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin, and the sensor base at the bottom is 1100 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin.

[0012] Preferably, a snap ring is further provided on the outer side of the top of the control cabin, and the upper surface of the buoyancy device abuts against the snap ring to prevent the buoyancy device from exceeding the upper surface height of the sealed electronic cabin.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: a polar sea ice stress buoy provided by the present invention achieves the goal of obtaining the characteristics of sea ice stress changes in real time by real-time synchronous collection of strain data information during the formation and disappearance of polar sea ice; it can also achieve the goal of long-term continuous monitoring of stress changes in polar sea ice during the formation and disappearance, that is, by obtaining data information on stress changes in polar sea ice during the formation and disappearance, it provides mechanical data support for studying the key process of polar sea ice freezing in autumn and winter; the present invention realizes multi-level and multi-angle monitoring, which can prevent emergencies, such as sensor damage, and the remaining sensors can also collect data to meet the requirements, so as to further understand the process of air-snow-ice-sea interaction in a stable manner, deepen the understanding of polar sea ice characteristics in polar environments, and improve the ability to predict and estimate sea ice changes. It is expected to provide long-term continuous, stable and reliable basic environmental data support for the mechanical properties of polar sea ice, the navigability research of Arctic waterways, and the design of ships and structures in ice areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a polar sea ice stress buoy according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2It is a structural front view of a polar sea ice stress buoy according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a sea ice stress observation subsystem of a polar sea ice stress buoy according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a polar sea ice stress buoy without the buoyancy device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The markings in the figure are as follows: 1-sealed electronic cabin, 2-buoyancy device, 3-communication device, 4-sea ice stress observation subsystem, 5-communication bracket, 6-clamp ring, 301-iridium antenna, 302-GPS antenna, 401-mounting bracket, 402-sensor base, 403-fiber grating sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] A polar sea ice stress buoy, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown: it includes a sealed electronic cabin 1, a buoyancy device 2, a communication device 3 and a sea ice stress observation subsystem 4; the communication device 3 is located above the sealed electronic cabin 1 and is connected to the top of the sealed electronic cabin 1 through a communication bracket 5, the buoyancy device 2 surrounds and is tightly attached to the outside of the sealed electronic cabin 1, and the sea ice stress observation subsystem 4 is located below the sealed electronic cabin 1; the sealed electronic cabin 1 has a sealed outer shell and is cylindrical, the sealed electronic cabin 1 includes a control cabin and a battery cabin, the battery cabin is located below the control cabin, the control cabin includes a demodulator, a control module and a communication module, the battery cabin contains a battery module, the demodulator is connected to the control module through a communication cable, and the control module is connected to the communication module through a communication cable; the buoyancy device 2 is made of buoyancy material, the control cabin is located above the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy device 2 is located, and the battery cabin is located below the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy device 2 is located; the communication device 3 includes an iridium antenna 3 01 and GPS antenna 302; communication cables are arranged in the communication bracket 5; the Iridium antenna 301 and GPS antenna 302 are installed on the top of the communication bracket 5; the Iridium antenna 301 and GPS antenna 302 are connected to the communication module in the control cabin through the communication lines and watertight connectors inside the communication bracket 5; the sea ice stress observation subsystem 4 includes a mounting bracket 401, a sensor base 402 and a fiber optic Bragg grating sensor 403; the sensor base 402 is provided with a plurality of and is installed under the battery compartment through the mounting bracket 401, the mounting bracket 401 is connected to the battery compartment, and the diameter of the sensor base 402 is consistent with the size of the battery compartment, each sensor base 402 is installed with a group of sensor groups, each sensor group is provided with three fiber optic Bragg grating sensors 403, the sensor base 402 is coaxial with the sealed electronic compartment 1, and the fiber optic Bragg grating sensor 403 is connected to the demodulator through a communication cable and a watertight plug-in.

[0021] This embodiment adopts the following preferred scheme: the buoyancy material is made of glass microbead core material, the surface of the buoyancy material is sprayed with polyurea coating, and the surface is yellow; the Iridium antenna 301 is provided with two, and the GPS antenna 302 is provided with one; the communication bracket 5 is made of aluminum alloy material with a surface treated with galvanized cathodic protection; the mounting bracket 401 includes four vertical connecting rods, and the sensor base 402 is provided with three and is horizontally connected to the vertical connecting rods from top to bottom, that is, three test layers with different depths are formed in the same vertical direction, which are recorded as area A, area B, and area C from top to bottom; the fiber grating sensors 403 on the three sensor bases 402 are arranged in the same way and have the same relative positions, and the three sensor bases of each sensor group are arranged in the same way and have the same relative positions. The fiber grating sensors 403 are bolted on the sensor base 402 at angles of 0°, +120°, and -120°. The fiber grating sensors 403 in area A are marked as S01A, S02A, and S03A, the fiber grating sensors 403 in area B are marked as S01B, S02B, and S03B, and the fiber grating sensors 403 in area C are marked as S01C, S02C, and S03C. The sensor base 402 is made of aluminum alloy with a thickness of 10 mm and an outer diameter of 250 mm. The sensor base 402 at the top is 500 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin, the sensor base 402 in the middle is 800 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin, and the sensor base 402 at the bottom is 1100 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin. Figure 3 As shown, a clamp ring 6 is also provided on the outer side of the top of the control cabin, and the upper surface of the buoyancy device 2 is against the clamp ring 6. Figure 4 shown.

[0022] The specific operations of this embodiment are: use an ice drill that matches the outer diameter of the sea ice stress observation subsystem 4 to drill a hole and clean the debris in the ice hole; install the Iridium antenna 301 to the top of the communication bracket. After the installation is completed, connect the communication bracket to the top of the control cabin and wait for it to be lowered; clamp the buoyancy device 2 on the surface of the ice hole; assemble the sea ice stress observation subsystem on the sea ice surface. After assembly, connect the sea ice stress observation subsystem to the bottom of the battery compartment through the installation bracket 401, and then arrange it inside the sea ice; tidy up the ice surface and restore it to its original state as much as possible. When the buoy is working, mechanical compression will occur in the space where the sea ice is located during the process of sea ice formation and disappearance. This mechanical reaction will cause the sea ice stress observation subsystem in the ice layer to change, that is, the sensor base 402 in the sea ice stress test area will be subjected to the same mechanical compression deformation, and the fiber grating sensor 403 at the same horizontal layer but different horizontal angles fixedly arranged with the sensor base 402 will synchronously sense and make corresponding deformation changes with it, so that the grating period expansion and contraction and the photoelastic effect of the fiber grating sensor 403 will cause the change of the grating effective refractive index, that is, the drift of the optical fiber wavelength. Each layer of sensor base 402 can collect data from multiple angles. The data is transmitted to the demodulator via the communication cable to synchronously obtain the strain value generated by the measured sensor base, so as to indirectly and synchronously measure the strain characteristics of the sea ice. The demodulator then pre-processes the strain data synchronously obtained by the observation system and transmits it back to the control module via the communication cable. Finally, the control module analyzes and processes the packaged data and then transmits it back to the domestic data platform through the communication module and the Iridium antenna 301 carried by the communication cable to complete the data transmission record. At the same time, the GPS antenna 302 can locate the buoy to prevent the loss of the position signal.

[0023] The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various deformations and changes. Any modifications, improvements and equivalent substitutions made within the concept and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polar sea ice stress buoy, characterized in that: It comprises a sealed electronic cabin (1), a buoyancy device (2), a communication device (3) and a sea ice stress observation subsystem (4); the communication device (3) is located above the sealed electronic cabin (1) and is connected to the top of the sealed electronic cabin (1) via a communication bracket (5); the buoyancy device (2) surrounds and is closely attached to the outside of the sealed electronic cabin (1); and the sea ice stress observation subsystem (4) is located below the sealed electronic cabin (1); The sealed electronic cabin (1) has a sealed cylindrical shell, the sealed electronic cabin (1) comprises a control cabin and a battery cabin, the battery cabin is located below the control cabin, the control cabin comprises a demodulator, a control module and a communication module, the battery cabin contains a battery module, the demodulator is connected to the control module via a first communication cable, and the control module is connected to the communication module via a second communication cable; the buoyancy device (2) is made of buoyancy material, the control cabin is located above the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy device (2) is located, and the battery cabin is located below the plane where the lower bottom surface of the buoyancy device (2) is located; The communication device (3) comprises an iridium antenna (301) and a GPS antenna (302); a communication cable is arranged in the communication bracket (5); the iridium antenna (301) and the GPS antenna (302) are installed on the top of the communication bracket (5); the iridium antenna (301) and the GPS antenna (302) are connected to the communication module in the control cabin via the communication line inside the communication bracket (5) and the first watertight connector; The sea ice stress observation subsystem (4) comprises a mounting bracket (401), a sensor base (402) and a fiber Bragg grating sensor (403); the sensor base (402) is provided with a plurality of sensors and is installed below the battery compartment via the mounting bracket (401); the mounting bracket (401) is connected to the battery compartment, and the diameter of the sensor base (402) is consistent with the size of the battery compartment; each sensor base (402) is provided with a sensor group, and each sensor group is provided with three fiber Bragg grating sensors (403); the sensor base (402) is coaxial with the sealed electronic compartment (1); and the fiber Bragg grating sensor (403) is connected to the demodulator via a third communication cable and a second watertight connector.

2. A polar sea ice stress buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoyancy material adopts glass microbead core material, and the surface of the buoyancy material is sprayed with polyurea coating, and the surface is yellow.

3. The polar sea ice stress buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Iridium antennas (301) are provided with two, and the GPS antenna (302) is provided with one.

4. The polar sea ice stress buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication bracket (5) is made of an aluminum alloy material whose surface has been subjected to a galvanized cathode protection treatment.

5. The polar sea ice stress buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (401) includes four vertical connecting rods, and the sensor base (402) is provided with three of them, which are horizontally connected to the vertical connecting rods in sequence from top to bottom, that is, three test layers with different depths are formed in the same vertical direction, which are recorded as area A, area B, and area C from top to bottom; the fiber optic Bragg grating sensors (403) on the three sensor bases (402) are arranged in the same manner and have the same relative positions, and the three fiber optic Bragg grating sensors (403) of each sensor group are bolted to the sensor base (402) at angles of 0°, +120°, and -120°.

6. A polar sea ice stress buoy according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sensor base (402) is made of an aluminum alloy structure, has a thickness of 10 mm and an outer diameter of 250 mm, the sensor base (402) at the top is 500 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin, the sensor base (402) in the middle is 800 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin, and the sensor base (402) at the bottom is 1100 mm away from the sealed electronic cabin.

7. The polar sea ice stress buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping ring (6) is also provided on the outer side of the top of the control cabin, and the upper surface of the buoyancy device (2) abuts against the clamping ring (6).

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