Organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating mosaic disease of papaya, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production. The fertilizer is mainly made of papaya peel, peanut bran, tea bran, biochar, sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, mulberry leaves, Chinese medicine residues, shell powder, and composite microbial agent as raw materials, and the composite microbial agent is composed of EM bacteria, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Penicillium bilairum, and the organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating mosaic disease of papaya is prepared by stirring, mixing, screening, drying, and packaging. The present invention can improve soil vitality, provide sufficient nutrition for papaya growth, and effectively prevent and treat diseases and insect pests, and has the advantages of remarkable disease prevention and control effect, high efficiency and environmental protection, soil improvement, and improved product quality, and low cost and easy to promote.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to an organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Papaya mosaic disease is a common disease on papaya plants in recent years. The pathogen of mosaic disease is ringspot virus, also known as ringspot virus disease. It is serious in Guangxi, Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan provinces in my country. Papaya ringspot (mosaic) disease is caused by virus infection and is a disease of the whole plant. The diseased leaves are dark green and yellow-green mottled mosaics, slightly deformed, and in severe cases, the leaves turn yellow and most of them fall off, leaving only a few deformed yellow young leaves on the top. The tender stems and petioles show water-soaked spots or stripes; the surface of the diseased fruit shows water-soaked ring spots or concentric ring spots, which later connect to form large spots. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is mainly spread by aphids (mainly cotton aphids and peach aphids) feeding on papaya. It has the characteristics of rapid onset and transmission. Once the disease occurs in a papaya orchard, the entire orchard may suffer serious production losses or even be destroyed. The diseased papaya trees will basically die. Some papaya trees that have not died will produce less fruit in the later stage, but the fruit quality will be poor and the taste will be seriously reduced.

[0003] Papaya is one of the fastest growing crops. It is both high-yielding and fast-growing. Therefore, it requires a large amount of fertilizer and is sensitive to nutritional conditions. At present, the fertilization management of papaya in my country is relatively extensive, the precision fertilization technology system is relatively backward, and the abuse of chemical fertilizers is common. Not only does it make papaya susceptible to mosaic disease during growth, the quality deteriorates, but it is also difficult to increase production in large quantities. Among them, the large-scale use of inorganic fertilizers will destroy the soil composition, heavy metals exceed the standard, and the toxicity continues to increase, causing a large amount of nutrients in the soil to be lost, the soil vitality is reduced, and the ability of papaya to resist diseases and pests is gradually weakened. At the same time, pests and diseases have always affected the growth of papaya. Although traditional pesticides can reduce the erosion of pests and diseases on crops, excessive or inappropriate use of pesticides can easily cause pesticide damage, making crops more sensitive. If pesticides are sprayed for a long time, aphids will develop drug resistance and will be more difficult to control.

[0004] However, with the development of the industry, papaya mosaic disease has become more and more serious in recent years, and the problems of low yield and quality have become more and more serious. Therefore, it is urgent to invent an ecological, safe and effective organic fertilizer for the prevention and treatment of papaya mosaic disease. Biological fertilizer is an environmentally friendly fertilizer and one of the important directions for sustainable agricultural development in the future. It has many advantages such as maintaining and improving soil fertility, being conducive to the reproduction of dominant microbial species, preventing and controlling pests and diseases, maintaining ecological balance, and reducing environmental pollution. In addition, there is no ideal biological fertilizer designed specifically for the prevention and treatment of papaya mosaic disease in the prior art. Based on this, it is urgent to find a biological fertilizer that takes into account both environmental protection and the prevention and treatment of papaya mosaic disease. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease and a preparation method thereof, which is safe and effective in preventing and treating pests and diseases, is beneficial to maintaining ecological balance, and reduces environmental pollution, in view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease, which is composed of the following raw materials: papaya peel, peanut bran, tea bran, biochar, sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, mulberry leaves, Chinese medicine residues, shell powder, and composite microbial agent. The composite microbial agent adopted by the present invention is EM bacteria, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Penicillium bilairum.

[0007] Among the composite microbial agents used in the present invention, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae all have certain functions of preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease. However, any of the above bacteria is often used in the spraying agent, and the effect of any of the bacteria used alone in the fertilizer is not as good as that of conventional chemical agents. If the above three are combined arbitrarily, antagonism will occur, which will reduce the function of preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease. In order to solve the above problem, the present invention introduces EM bacteria and Penicillium bilairum to eliminate the above antagonism, so that the biological fertilizer can truly play its effect, and the effect is stronger than that of chemical agents.

[0008] EM bacteria is a highly efficient composite microbial strain formed by single strains such as bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus colloidus, Bacillus thuringiensis, etc.), photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, acetic acid bacteria, etc., which are separately expanded, fermented, and spray-dried by special processes. The organic fertilizer produced by it can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil permeability and water storage and fertilizer retention performance, and improve soil cation exchange capacity; Penicillium bilairum can improve soil viscosity, have comprehensive efficiency (nutrition, disease resistance, pest control, and repair), activate and release a variety of insoluble nutrients in the soil, and both provide nutritional support for the growth of Penicillium lilacinum, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae, avoiding the occurrence of antagonism to a certain extent. The present invention has been found through experiments that the effect of the combination of the two at a certain ratio is better, because the principles of the two anti-antagonism are different, and the effect can be synergistically exerted at a certain ratio.

[0009] The biochar used in the present invention has a rich pore structure and a large specific surface area, which can increase the content of soil organic matter, improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention properties, significantly increase the content of soil available nitrogen and available potassium, reduce nutrient loss, and is beneficial to the habitat and activity of soil microorganisms, significantly promote plant growth, and significantly improve fruit quality.

[0010] The traditional Chinese medicine residue added in the invention can not only provide nutrient elements for papaya and reduce the harm of harmful pathogens in soil, but also enhance the activity of beneficial bacteria, regulate the growth environment of plants, enhance the ability of plants to resist diseases and insect pests, inhibit and kill papaya mosaic virus, improve the resistance and immunity of plants themselves, significantly improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of plants, replace pesticides and reduce the harm degree and incidence of mosaic disease, and have good economic value.

[0011] The above-mentioned biochar and traditional Chinese medicine residue can provide a place for microorganisms to live and nutrients for the composite microbial agent of the present invention, further reducing the antagonism between strains, so that the composite microbial agent can play a better effect; on the other hand, it can also have a beneficial effect on plants and improve their ability to resist diseases and pests.

[0012] The organic biological fertilizer made by fermenting a composite microbial agent composed of EM bacteria, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Penicillium bilaiae with peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, mulberry leaves, sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, mulberry leaves and shell powder is beneficial to protecting the environment, improving soil quality, reducing pesticides and agricultural product diseases and pests, and improving the quality of papaya products.

[0013] The present invention optimizes the preparation process of organic biological fertilizer, and the organic biological fertilizer prepared according to the preparation process of the present invention can better prevent and control papaya mosaic disease. The fertilizer provided by the present invention is composted and decomposed under the conditions of 60% water content and 50°C temperature, and various parts of the fertilizer interact with each other in the best way in this process. Peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, and shell powder provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of microorganisms in the composite microbial agent in this process, so that the fertilizer obtained has the strongest bacterial activity and can achieve the best effect of preventing and controlling papaya mosaic disease. Any other formula and process conditions are difficult to achieve this effect.

[0014] On the one hand, the present invention provides an organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease, comprising a composite microbial agent, wherein the composite microbial agent is composed of EM bacteria, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Penicillium bilaiae.

[0015] In some embodiments, the composite microbial agent is made of 1-3 parts of EM bacteria, 5 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus, 5 parts of Beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 1-3 parts of Penicillium bilairum, calculated by weight.

[0016] Furthermore, the bacterial fertilizer also includes biochar, and the bacterial fertilizer contains 5-15 parts of biochar by weight.

[0017] Furthermore, the bacterial fertilizer also includes Chinese medicine residues, which include a mixture of Chinese medicine waste residues of Sanguisorba officinalis, Leonurus japonicus, Phytolacca americana, Quisqualis chinensis, Sophora flavescens, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and garlic; the bacterial fertilizer contains 10-25 parts of Chinese medicine residues in parts by weight.

[0018] In some embodiments, the bacterial fertilizer contains 18 parts of biochar and 15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues by weight.

[0019] Furthermore, the bacterial fertilizer also includes papaya peel, peanut bran, tea bran, sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, mulberry leaves, and shell powder; the bacterial fertilizer is calculated by weight and is made of 5-10 parts of papaya peel, 5-15 parts of peanut bran, 8-20 parts of tea bran, 5-20 parts of biochar, 20-30 parts of sheep manure, 10-25 parts of cow manure, 10-25 parts of pig manure, 1-2 parts of mulberry leaves, 10-25 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 1-2 parts of shell powder, and 0.1-3 parts of composite microbial agent.

[0020] In some embodiments, the bacterial fertilizer is made of 12 parts of peanut bran, 20 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of papaya peel, 18 parts of biochar, 27 parts of sheep manure, 15 parts of cow manure, 15 parts of pig manure, 15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 2 parts of mulberry leaves, 2 parts of shell powder, and 0.2 parts of composite microbial agent, calculated by weight.

[0021] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for preparing the organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease, comprising the steps of:

[0022] S1: Papaya peel, peanut bran, tea bran, biochar, mulberry leaves, Chinese medicine residue, and shell powder are crushed and screened to remove large impurities such as stones;

[0023] S2: Weigh a predetermined proportion of peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, shell powder and mix them with sheep manure, cow manure and pig manure to obtain a mixed material, add a composite microbial agent into the mixed material and mix well, keep the water content at 50%-70%, and keep the temperature at 45-60°C for composting and fermentation.

[0024] In some embodiments, the water content of the mixed material in step S2 is 60%, and the composting fermentation temperature is 50°C.

[0025] On the other hand, the present invention provides a use of a bacterial combination for preparing a preparation for inhibiting bacterial antagonism, wherein the bacterial combination comprises EM bacteria and Penicillium bilairum.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0027] 1. The organic biological fertilizer provided by the present invention can improve soil vitality, provide sufficient nutrition for papaya growth and effectively prevent and control diseases and insect pests. It has the advantages of significant disease prevention and control effect, high efficiency and environmental protection, soil improvement, and improved product quality, and is low in cost and easy to promote.

[0028] 2. The organic biological fertilizer provided by the present invention has conducted a lot of research on the formula of the composite microbial agent, and innovatively solved the problem that it is difficult for strains to achieve disease prevention and control effects in fertilizers and the problem of antagonism between strains; and introduced biochar and Chinese medicine residues to further solve the above-mentioned strain antagonism problem, so that the composite microbial agent can truly play an effect in the organic biological fertilizer.

[0029] 3. The present invention optimizes the preparation process of organic biological fertilizer. The organic biological fertilizer prepared according to the preparation process of the present invention can better prevent and control papaya mosaic disease. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the specification and specific examples, which are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are reagents and materials available from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

[0031] Example 1: Organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease

[0032] Composite microbial agent: 1 part of EM bacteria, 5 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus, 5 parts of Beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 2 parts of Penicillium bilainum; Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae were purchased from Beina Biological; EM bacteria and Penicillium bilainum were purchased from Guangzhou Zhenwei Microbiology Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0033] Formula 1: 5 parts of peanut bran, 12 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of papaya peel, 10 parts of biochar (the biochar of the present invention is purchased from Shengmei Huarui), 25 parts of sheep manure, 10 parts of cow manure, 10 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of Chinese medicine residue (self-made, a mixture of Chinese medicine waste residues of Sanguisorba officinalis, Leonurus japonicus, Phytolacca americana, Quisqualis chinensis, Sophora flavescens, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and garlic), 1 part of mulberry leaf, 1 part of shell powder, and 0.15 parts of composite microbial agent;

[0034] Formula 2: 7 parts of peanut bran, 15 parts of tea bran, 8 parts of papaya peel, 12 parts of biochar, 20 parts of sheep dung, 10 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of pig dung, 10 parts of Chinese medicine residue, 1 part of mulberry leaf, 1 part of shell powder, and 0.2 parts of composite microbial agent;

[0035] Formula 3: 12 parts of peanut bran, 20 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of papaya peel, 18 parts of biochar, 27 parts of sheep dung, 15 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of pig dung, 15 parts of Chinese medicine residue, 2 parts of mulberry leaves, 2 parts of shell powder, and 0.2 parts of composite microbial agent;

[0036] Formula 4: 10 parts of peanut bran, 10 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of papaya peel, 10 parts of biochar, 25 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of cow manure, 20 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of Chinese medicine residue, 2 parts of mulberry leaves, 2 parts of shell powder, and 0.3 parts of composite microbial agent;

[0037] Formula 5: 15 parts of peanut bran, 15 parts of tea bran, 6 parts of papaya peel, 10 parts of biochar, 25 parts of sheep dung, 18 parts of cow dung, 18 parts of pig dung, 18 parts of Chinese medicine residue, 1 part of mulberry leaf, 2 parts of shell powder, and 0.25 parts of composite microbial agent;

[0038] Process 1: crush and screen peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, and shell powder, and screen out large impurities such as stones; weigh a predetermined proportion of peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, shell powder and sheep manure, cow manure, and pig manure and mix them thoroughly to obtain a mixed material, add a composite microbial agent to the mixed material and mix well, keep the water content at 50%, and keep the temperature at 50°C for composting and fermentation;

[0039] Process 2: crush and screen peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, and shell powder, and screen out large impurities such as stones; weigh a predetermined proportion of peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, shell powder and sheep manure, cow manure, and pig manure and mix them thoroughly to obtain a mixed material, add a composite microbial agent to the mixed material and mix well, keep the water content at 60%, and keep the temperature at 50°C for composting and fermentation;

[0040] Process 3: crush and screen peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, and shell powder, and screen out large impurities such as stones; weigh a predetermined proportion of peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, shell powder and sheep manure, cow manure, and pig manure and mix them thoroughly to obtain a mixed material, add a composite microbial agent to the mixed material and mix well, keep the water content at 70%, and keep the temperature at 50°C for composting and fermentation;

[0041] Process 4: crush and screen peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, and shell powder, and screen out large impurities such as stones; weigh a predetermined proportion of peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, shell powder and sheep manure, cow manure, and pig manure and mix them thoroughly to obtain a mixed material, add a composite microbial agent to the mixed material and mix well, keep the water content at 60%, and keep the temperature at 45°C for composting and fermentation;

[0042] Process 5: crush and screen peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, and shell powder, and screen out large impurities such as stones; weigh a predetermined proportion of peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, shell powder and sheep manure, cow manure, and pig manure and mix them thoroughly to obtain a mixed material, add a composite microbial agent to the mixed material and mix well, keep the water content at 60%, and keep the temperature at 60°C for composting and fermentation;

[0043] The above different formulas and different processes were combined to produce 25 groups of organic biological fertilizers for future use:

[0044] CK, conventional cultivation.

[0045] On February 10, 2022, papaya seedlings were transplanted and planted at a papaya industry base in a village in Wuming District, Nanning City, Guangxi, and the growth and other indicators of papaya (2022-2023) were observed. Before transplanting, papayas with green and yellow outer peels on papaya trees over 3 years old were harvested, the fresh fruits were cut open, the seeds were taken out and dried, and the ones with full grains were selected for seed. When sowing and raising seedlings, sow them in the seedbed with a row spacing of 18 cm, and finally cover them with a layer of straw or mulch to maintain the humidity of the bed soil. When transplanting and planting, dig trenches around each plot of land in units of mu, with a depth of about 50 cm, and water should be kept in the trenches all year round. The row spacing is 240-260cm, the plant spacing is 210-230cm, and about 110 plants are planted per 667m. Plants with a seedling age of more than 75 days, more than 15 leaves, a seedling height of 25-30cm, dense nodes, and a stem thickness of more than 0.6cm are selected for seedling cultivation. A total of 100 plants are planted, and the incidence of papaya mosaic disease is counted on August 12, 2023.

[0046] T1, chemical reagent group. Papaya was planted with chemical mosaic control. 25% pymetrozine wettable powder was sprayed with 2000-3000 times dilution on the 5th to 10th day after planting. The seedling selection, planting and incidence rate statistics were the same as CK. A total of 100 plants were planted.

[0047] T2, organic biological fertilizer group. The above-mentioned fertilizer was applied during seedling cultivation, 300 kg per mu, and the seedling selection, planting, and incidence rate statistics were the same as CK. A total of 2,500 plants were planted, and different groups of fertilizers were randomly applied to random areas.

[0048] The incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease is shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1: Papaya mosaic virus disease incidence

[0050] Process 1 Craft 2 Craft 3 Craft 4 Craft 5 Recipe 1 5.1％ 4.0％ 9.2％ 4.5％ 6.3％ Recipe 2 8.0％ 3.0％ 5.6％ 4.9％ 6.7％ Recipe 3 3.7％ 1.0％ 7.2％ 5.3％ 5.6％ Recipe 4 4.1％ 3.5％ 11.2％ 3.9％ 5.9％ Recipe 5 4.1％ 3.5％ 9.4％ 3.9％ 5.0％

[0051] The results showed that under the application of biological fertilizer made by formula 3+process 2, the incidence of papaya mosaic disease was the lowest, which was 1.0%; the formula and preparation process of organic biological fertilizer jointly affected the final effect, and formula 3 was composted and decomposed under the conditions of process 2 (water content 60%, temperature 50°C), and the various parts of the fertilizer interacted with each other in the best way in this process. Peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, traditional Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, and shell powder provided sufficient nutrition for the growth of microorganisms in the composite microbial agent in this process. The bacterial fertilizer obtained in this way had the strongest bacterial activity and could achieve the best effect of preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease. It is difficult to achieve this effect with any other formula and process conditions.

[0052] At the same time, comparing the control group CK and the chemical agent group T1, the incidence of papaya mosaic disease in the CK group was 32%, and the incidence of papaya mosaic disease in the T1 group was 15%; therefore, the biological fertilizer provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the incidence of papaya mosaic disease, and the effect is stronger than that of traditional chemical agents.

[0053] Example 2: Formulation Screening

[0054] In order to obtain a composite microbial agent formula of a biological fertilizer with the effect of preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease, the present invention conducts a large number of screening tests; through preliminary tests, we prepare a variety of biological fertilizers for screening according to process 2 of Example 1, and the formula is: 12 parts of peanut bran, 20 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of papaya peel, 18 parts of biochar, 27 parts of sheep manure, 15 parts of cow manure, 15 parts of pig manure, 15 parts of Chinese medicine residues, 2 parts of mulberry leaves, 2 parts of shell powder, and 0.2 parts of added bacteria; according to the method described in Example 1, the effect of the above-mentioned biological fertilizer is evaluated, and we screened and obtained three strains of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae that can have a certain effect on papaya mosaic disease, and some screening results are shown in Table 2.

[0055] Table 2: Screening of fungi for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease

[0056] Bacteria Papaya mosaic virus disease incidence \ 32％ Paecilomyces lilacinus 13％ Beauveria bassiana 11％ Metarhizium anisopliae 15％ Trichoderma 17％ Streptomyces cinerariae 22％ Bacillus simum 20％

[0057] The results showed that only Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in the biological fertilizer could have a significant effect on papaya mosaic disease. However, the incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease was still very high when the biological fertilizer prepared by the above single strains was applied, and the incidence was higher than that of papaya mosaic virus disease under the action of traditional chemical agents.

[0058] The above-mentioned bacteria cannot produce an effect stronger than traditional chemical agents in biological fertilizers because it is often more difficult for bacteria to exert their effects in fertilizers.

[0059] We tried to combine the above three effective bacteria, and the formula was: 12 parts of peanut bran, 20 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of papaya peel, 18 parts of biochar, 27 parts of sheep manure, 15 parts of cow manure, 15 parts of pig manure, 15 parts of Chinese medicine residue, 2 parts of mulberry leaves, 2 parts of shell powder, and 0.2 parts of composite bacteria. The combination of the three bacteria was a composite bacteria. The effect of the above biological fertilizer was evaluated according to the method described in Example 1, as shown in Table 3.

[0060] Table 3: Screening of bacterial combinations for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease

[0061]

[0062] We found that the effect of the combination of the above-mentioned bacteria is not as good as that of a single strain, and the incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease is higher. Through research, we found that the reason is that there is antagonism between the strains, which affect each other during the growth process, but is not conducive to the effectiveness of the bacterial fertilizer; there is mutual antagonism between the three bacteria, resulting in the highest incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease when all three bacteria are added.

[0063] Therefore, we need to find a formula that can avoid the antagonism of the above three bacteria. We first conduct a screening test on the composite microbial agent to study whether other beneficial bacteria can be added to avoid the antagonism between the species. We add other species to the biological fertilizer of the above three bacterial combinations. The additional species added to the composite bacteria are 1 part, 5 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus, 5 parts of Beauveria bassiana, and 5 parts of Metarhizium anisopliae. The other formulas are exactly the same. The statistical evaluation of the incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease is carried out according to the method described in Example 1. Some screening results are shown in Table 4.

[0064] Table 4: Screening of anti-antagonistic combinations of fungi for the prevention and treatment of papaya mosaic disease

[0065] Additional strains Papaya mosaic virus disease incidence \ 28％ Streptomyces rocherii 19％ Trichoderma harzianum 23％ Penicillium bilairum 7％ EM bacteria 7％

[0066] The results of a large number of screening experiments showed that the additional addition of EM bacteria and Penicillium bilairum can avoid the antagonism between bacterial species to a certain extent, and adding a small amount can significantly enhance the prevention and control effect of papaya mosaic disease.

[0067] The possible reasons are that EM bacteria are high-efficiency composite microbial strains made from single strains of bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus thuringiensis, etc.), photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, acetic acid bacteria, etc., which are individually expanded, fermented, and spray-dried through a special process. The organic fertilizer produced by EM bacteria can reduce soil bulk density, increase soil permeability and water and fertilizer retention properties, and improve soil cation exchange capacity; Penicillium bilairum can improve soil viscosity, has comprehensive effects (nutrition, disease resistance, pest control, and repair), and activates and releases a variety of insoluble nutrients in the soil. Both provide nutritional support for the growth of Pseudomonas lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae, avoiding the occurrence of antagonism to a certain extent.

[0068] Therefore, the principles of EM bacteria and Penicillium bilainum in avoiding antagonism among the three bacteria are different. We speculate that the combination of EM bacteria and Penicillium bilainum under a certain formula can better avoid the above-mentioned antagonism, making the composite microbial agent more effective in preventing and controlling papaya mosaic disease in biological fertilizers.

[0069] We added EM bacteria and Penicillium bilairum in different proportions to the composite bacteria in the above formula, and 5 parts of each of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae. The other bacterial fertilizer formulas and preparation processes remained unchanged. The statistical evaluation of the incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease was carried out according to the method of Example 1. Some of the test results are shown in Table 5.

[0070] Table 5: Anti-antagonistic test of compound microbial agent formulation

[0071] EM bacteria (portion) Penicillium bilairum (part) Papaya mosaic virus disease incidence 1 1 5.7％ 2 1 3.4％ 3 1 6.7％ 1 2 1.0％ 1 3 8.3％ 2 2 9.1％

[0072] The results showed that the formula of 1 part of EM bacteria, 5 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus, 5 parts of Beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 2 parts of Penicillium bilaiae had the best effect. The incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease under the action of biological fertilizer prepared by the above formula was reduced to 2.4%, which is better than the 15% incidence rate of traditional chemical control.

[0073] Example 3: Optimization of formulation

[0074] After research, we found that biochar has rich pore structure and large specific surface area, which can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil water and fertilizer retention performance, significantly increase soil available nitrogen and available potassium content, reduce nutrient loss, and is beneficial to soil microbial habitat and activity, significantly promote plant growth, and significantly improve fruit quality. Biochar was added according to different weight portions, and biofertilizer was prepared according to the process of Example 1 and the incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease was tested. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0075] Table 6: Biochar and papaya mosaic virus incidence

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] The test results show that biochar can indeed promote the effect of composite microbial agents in preventing and controlling papaya mosaic disease and improve the disease and pest resistance of papaya plants. Among them, adding 18 parts of biochar to the above formula has the best effect, reducing the incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease to 1.0%; exceeding 18 parts, the effect of preventing and controlling papaya mosaic disease is not significantly increased.

[0079] The Chinese medicine residue includes a mixture of Chinese medicine waste residues of sanguisorba officinalis, motherwort, pokeweed, quisqualis, sophora flavescens, prickly ash, and garlic. The preparation method of the Chinese medicine residue of the present invention is: equal amounts of the above-mentioned sanguisorba officinalis, motherwort, pokeweed, quisqualis, sophora flavescens, prickly ash, and garlic are mixed, decocted for 60 minutes, and filtered; after research, we also found that the Chinese medicine residue can not only provide nutritional elements for papaya, reduce the harm of harmful pathogens in the soil, but also enhance the activity of beneficial bacteria, regulate the plant growth environment, enhance the ability of plants to resist diseases and insect pests, inhibit and kill papaya mosaic virus, improve the resistance and immunity of the plant itself, significantly improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of the plant, replace pesticides, and reduce the degree of harm and incidence of mosaic disease, and have good economic value. According to different weight portions, the Chinese medicine residue is added, and the biofertilizer is prepared according to the process of Example 1, and the test of the incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease is performed, and the results are shown in Table 7.

[0080] Table 7: Chinese herbal medicine residues and papaya mosaic virus disease incidence

[0081] Content of Chinese medicine residue (portions) Papaya mosaic virus disease incidence 0 4.6％ 10 3.9％ 15 1.0％ 20 1.0％ 25 1.0％

[0082] The test results show that Chinese medicinal residues can indeed promote the effect of composite microbial agents in preventing and controlling papaya mosaic disease and improve the disease and pest resistance of papaya plants. Among them, adding 15 parts of Chinese medicinal residues to the above formula has the best effect, reducing the incidence of papaya mosaic virus disease to 2.5%. Exceeding 15 parts does not significantly increase the effect of preventing and controlling papaya mosaic disease.

[0083] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any equivalent modifications or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease, characterized in that: The bacterial fertilizer is made of 5-10 parts of papaya peel, 5-15 parts of peanut bran, 8-20 parts of tea bran, 5-20 parts of biochar, 20-30 parts of sheep manure, 10-25 parts of cow manure, 10-25 parts of pig manure, 1-2 parts of mulberry leaves, 10-25 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 1-2 parts of shell powder, and 0.1-3 parts of composite microbial agent; the composite microbial agent is made of 1-3 parts of EM bacteria, 5 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus, 5 parts of Beauveria bassiana, 5 parts of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 1-3 parts of Penicillium bilairum.

2. The bacterial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traditional Chinese medicine residue comprises a mixture of traditional Chinese medicine waste residues of sanguisorba officinalis, motherwort, pokeweed, quisqualis chinensis, sophora flavescens, zanthoxylum bungeanum and garlic.

3. The bacterial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that The bacterial fertilizer is made of 12 parts of peanut bran, 20 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of papaya peel, 18 parts of biochar, 27 parts of sheep manure, 15 parts of cow manure, 15 parts of pig manure, 15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 2 parts of mulberry leaves, 2 parts of shell powder and 0.2 parts of composite microbial agent, calculated by weight.

4. A method for preparing an organic biological fertilizer for preventing and treating papaya mosaic disease according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1: Papaya peel, peanut bran, tea bran, biochar, mulberry leaves, Chinese medicine residue, and shell powder are crushed and screened to remove large impurities such as stones; S2: Weigh a predetermined proportion of peanut bran, tea bran, papaya peel, biochar, Chinese medicine residue, mulberry leaf, shell powder and mix them with sheep manure, cow manure and pig manure to obtain a mixed material, add a composite microbial agent into the mixed material and mix well, keep the water content at 50%-70%, and keep the temperature at 45-60°C for composting and fermentation.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water content of the mixed material in step S2 is 60%, and the temperature of the composting fermentation is 50°C.

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