A kind of dairy goat breeding feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention proposes a dairy goat breeding feed and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed. After hybrid paper mulberry and soybean are steamed, they are mixed and fermented with Gexianmi algae powder after phycobiliprotein is extracted, and fermented bacteria are collected and embedded to obtain fermented bacteria microcapsules. The fermented product is mixed with fermented bacteria microcapsules, soybean isoflavones, sodium acetate, sodium β-hydroxybutyrate, and Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein and added to a complete mixed diet to prepare a dairy goat breeding feed. The dairy goat breeding feed prepared by the present invention can optimize the nutritional value of the complete mixed diet, promote the synthesis of milk fat and milk protein, increase the secretion amount and milk quality of milk, increase the palatability and digestibility of feed, prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, improve the immunity of dairy goats, improve feed utilization, and reduce production costs, and has broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed, and in particular to a dairy goat breeding feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Compared with cow's milk, goat's milk not only has a higher digestibility than cow's milk, but also contains more nutrients. Goat's milk has high protein, vitamin, mineral, and total fat content, and contains many types of beneficial fatty acids (such as short-chain fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and conjugated acids, etc.) and rich content. The protein digestibility is about 98%, which is the best drink for nutrition and health care, and has a good preventive effect on human gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, goat's milk has a unique flavor, does not contain allergens, and has complete nutrients. Goat's milk is becoming the new darling of the dairy market. With the expansion of the market, people's material needs in life are becoming more and more abundant, and they are becoming more and more demanding in the selection of milk.

[0003] The lactation period of dairy goats is usually divided into four stages.

[0004] (1) Early lactation: Within 20 days after giving birth, the ewe has just given birth and is weak. Its digestive function is not strong, and its mammary gland and blood circulation system are not functioning normally. The ewe's whole body, especially the lower abdomen and limbs, is swollen, so the amount of milk produced is very small.

[0005] (2) Peak lactation period: The peak lactation period is from the 20th to 120th day after lambing, with the highest milk production period being 40-70 days after lambing. The milk production during this period accounts for about 1 / 2 of the lactation period.

[0006] (3) Lactation stabilization period: The lactation stabilization period is 120-210 days from the time the ewe gives birth to lambs, during which the milk production gradually decreases.

[0007] (4) Late lactation: The period from 210 days after delivery to before dry milk is the late lactation period. Due to the influence of climate, feed, estrus and pregnancy, the milk production of ewes decreases significantly; after the end of lactation, the ewe enters the dry milk period.

[0008] Traditional dairy goat breeding and management requires different feeding methods for different periods of time.

[0009] (1) Early lactation: 5-6 days after delivery, feed young hay, bran soup and calcium salt soup, a small amount of concentrate and silage. After 6 days, gradually increase the amount of silage or succulent feed. After 15 days, the normal amount is reached. Feed grass hay with a crude protein content of 12-16% in concentrate, and 12-14% in high-quality leguminous hay.

[0010] (2) During the peak lactation period, the sheep should be fed with less but better feed, with high energy and high protein as the main feed, and lactation-promoting feeds such as carrots, grass feed, and soy milk; During the stable lactation period, the sheep should be fed with more green feeds, and drinking water should be ensured. The amount of concentrated feed should be gradually reduced, especially for low-yielding sheep, to prevent obesity from affecting reproduction.

[0011] (3) Lactation stabilization period: Start to reduce the amount of concentrate feed and gradually increase the amount of fiber feed.

[0012] (4) Late lactation: gradually reduce the amount of concentrate feed and give more roughage.

[0013] A variety of feeds for dairy goats are disclosed in the prior art, such as Chinese invention patent application CN104286500A discloses a special feed for dairy goats, including green hay, soybeans, dry leaves, wheat bran and other ingredients, and its formulation contains Chinese herbal medicine, which effectively prevents common diseases of dairy goats, increases feed intake, and improves milk production and milk fat rate; Chinese invention patent application CN103636964A discloses a complete granular feed for dairy goats, in which the concentrate premix accounts for 36-40% and the roughage part accounts for 60-64%. The complete granular feed can increase the feed intake and milk production of dairy goats. However, in the prior art, the feed management of lactating dairy goats is mostly to increase the feed intake (increase energy intake) or to increase the concentrate feed (increase the nutrition and energy concentration of the feed) and then increase the milk production. This method causes a part of the energy to be used for the weight gain of the goat body, so the weight of the dairy goat is also increased while increasing milk production, without using the reproductive performance and health of the goat. Summary of the invention

[0014] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dairy goat breeding feed and a preparation method thereof, which can optimize the nutritional value of a total mixed diet, promote the synthesis of milk fat and milk protein, increase the secretion amount and milk quality of milk, increase the palatability and digestibility of feed, prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, improve the immunity of dairy goats, improve feed utilization, and reduce production costs, and has broad application prospects.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0016] The invention provides a method for preparing a dairy goat breeding feed. The method comprises the following steps: steaming hybrid paper mulberry and soybean, mixing and fermenting the mixture with smilax glabra powder from which phycobiliprotein has been extracted, collecting the fermented bacteria for embedding to obtain fermented bacteria microcapsules, mixing the fermented product with the fermented bacteria microcapsules, soybean isoflavones, sodium acetate, sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate and phycobiliprotein chelated with Cu / Zn ions, and adding the mixture into a complete mixed diet to prepare the dairy goat breeding feed.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0018] S1 hybrid paper mulberry and soybean cooking: hybrid paper mulberry and soybean drying, crushing, mixing, spraying water, heating and cooking, evaporating the water to obtain a mixed powder after treatment;

[0019] S2. Extraction of phycobiliprotein: Add the powder of Gexianmi algae to water, extract by microwave heating, filter, retain the solid, filter the filtrate through an organic membrane, and retain the material with a molecular weight cutoff of 30-250KDa, freeze-dry, and obtain phycobiliprotein;

[0020] S3. Chelating of Cu / Zn ions: adding the phycobiliprotein prepared in step S2 to water, adding copper salt and zinc salt, stirring for reaction, dialyzing, and freeze-drying to obtain phycobiliprotein chelated with Cu / Zn ions;

[0021] S4. Fermentation: The mixed powder obtained in step S1 and the solid in step S2 are added to water, sterilized, inoculated with yeast and Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, fermented, filtered, the solid is washed with sterile water, concentrated to obtain a concentrated bacterial solution, and the liquid is freeze-dried to obtain a fermentation product;

[0022] S5. Encapsulation of fermented bacteria: Add graphene oxide, sodium alginate and lecithin to the concentrated bacterial solution obtained in step S4, mix well, add soybean oil, emulsify, add calcium chloride solution dropwise, solidify at room temperature, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain fermented bacteria microcapsules;

[0023] S6. Preparation of additives: mixing soy isoflavones, sodium acetate and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate to obtain an additive;

[0024] S7. Preparation of dairy goat breeding feed: add the Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein prepared in step S3, the fermentation product prepared in step S4, the fermentation bacteria microcapsule prepared in step S5, and the additive prepared in step S6 to the complete mixed diet, stir and mix evenly to prepare dairy goat breeding feed.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the hybrid paper mulberry and soybean in step S1 is 10-15:5-7, the water is sprayed to a moisture content of 10-15wt%, and the heating and steaming time is 0.5-1.5h.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the water content of the Gesamina powder in step S2 is less than 5wt%, the solid-liquid ratio of the Gesamina powder and water is 1:5-10g / mL, and the microwave power of the microwave heating extraction is 500-700W, the temperature is 40-50°C, and the time is 2-4h.

[0027] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the phycobiliprotein, copper salt, zinc salt and water in step S3 is 100:5-7:3-5:500, the copper salt is selected from at least one of copper chloride, copper sulfate and copper nitrate, the zinc salt is selected from at least one of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate, and the dialysis time is 5-6h.

[0028] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the treated mixed powder, solid and water in step S4 is 20-40:5-10:300-500; the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the bacterial content of the bacterial seed liquid is 10 8 -10 9 cfu / mL, the inoculation amounts of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum seed solutions were 2-4 v / v% and 1-3 v / v%, respectively, the fermentation culture conditions were 40-45°C, 100-120 r / min, the fermentation culture was 36-48 h, and the bacterial content of the concentrated bacterial solution was 10 10 -10 11 cfu / mL.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the concentrated bacterial liquid, graphene oxide, sodium alginate, lecithin and soybean oil in step S5 is 200-250:2-4:20-25:1-3:500.

[0030] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of soy isoflavones, sodium acetate and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate in step S6 is 10-12:17-22:5-7.

[0031] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the total mixed diet, Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein, fermentation product, fermentation bacteria microcapsule, and additive in step S7 is 100:1-2:3-5:3-5:0.1-0.3; the total mixed diet is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of corn, 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, and 1.1-5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate. , 0.5-1.5 parts of table salt, 8-13 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-10 parts of corn germ, 0.01-0.1 parts of multivitamins, 0.2-0.4 parts of trace elements, and 0.5-1 parts of soda; the multivitamins include vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin B6, and the mass ratio is 5-7:1-2:3-5:0.5-1; the trace elements include ferric chloride, magnesium chloride, and manganese chloride, and the mass ratio is 2-4:1-2:0.1-0.3.

[0032] The present invention further protects a dairy goat breeding feed prepared by the above preparation method.

[0033] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The additives of the present invention include soy isoflavones, sodium acetate and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the addition of short-chain fatty acids such as sodium acetate and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate can promote the expression of genes related to milk fat synthesis and the accumulation of fat droplets, and sodium acetate can be used as a preservative in feed to inhibit the growth and reproduction of mold in silage, and can also improve the material energy metabolism of animal bodies. Soy isoflavones are relatively safe, have few side effects, can be anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, regulate blood sugar and blood lipids and other functions, can bind to estrogen receptors to play an estrogen-like role, thereby improving the milk production and milk quality of dairy goats. The addition of the three can synergistically improve the milk production and milk quality.

[0035] Gexianmi is a freshwater algae rich in phycobiliprotein and has high economic value. Phycobiliprotein is an active protein. After chelating copper ions and zinc ions, the antibacterial and antiviral abilities of the Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein are significantly improved, which can significantly improve the immunity of dairy goats, prevent and treat the occurrence of mastitis, and greatly avoid the occurrence of mastitis caused by bacterial infection in dairy goats, which affects the secretion of goat milk and the adverse effects on the quality of goat milk.

[0036] Hybrid paulownia and soybeans are both rich in plant crude protein, providing high-quality protein for dairy goats. The nutritional components of boiled soybeans are similar to those of raw soybeans, but the free isoflavones in them increase, which promotes the outward penetration rate of isoflavones, improves the digestion and absorption of soybean isoflavones by animals, and can promote mammary gland development, increase milk production and body immunity; at the same time, boiling destroys the tight quaternary structure of protein molecules and significantly improves the digestibility of protein. Hybrid paulownia after boiling is rich in bioactive substances, which can not only maintain a large amount of vitamins and make the feed taste sweet and sour, but also improve the rumen digestibility of livestock. It is rich in nutrients and has good palatability, ensures rich water content, and can produce and release acid substances to regulate the internal environment of the rumen, so that the body absorbs more nutrients to help milk production.

[0037] After the boiled hybrid paulownia and soybeans are mixed with the extracted algae residue for fermentation, the proliferation of fermentation bacteria can be greatly promoted on the one hand, and on the other hand, the fermentation products produced, including short-chain fatty acids, active proteins, active amino acids, active sugars, etc., greatly improve the nutritional value of dairy goat breeding feed, thereby greatly improving the nutritional value of milk, significantly promoting the synthesis of milk fat and milk protein, increasing the palatability and digestibility of feed, and forming a normal microbial flora in the host body, preventing the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, maintaining the balance of the microecological environment in the animal body, resisting or reducing the negative impact of various stresses on animal production, optimizing the microbial flora in the rumen, and increasing the amount of acetic acid for synthesizing milk fat in the rumen, thereby increasing the milk fat rate and improving the milk quality.

[0038] Subsequently, the fermentation bacteria, including Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were mixed and encapsulated with sodium alginate and graphene oxide, which improved the tolerance of the fermentation bacteria microcapsules to the environment, thereby greatly increasing the number of live probiotics after entering the rumen of dairy goats, and also had a certain promoting effect on the immunity of dairy goats.

[0039] The dairy goat breeding feed prepared by the invention can optimize the nutritional value of the complete mixed diet, promote the synthesis of milk fat and milk protein, improve the secretion amount and milk quality of milk, increase the palatability and digestibility of the feed, prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, improve the immunity of dairy goats, improve the feed utilization rate, and reduce the production cost, and has broad application prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] The Gexianmi algae powder was purchased from Hunan Yandi Bioengineering Co., Ltd.

[0042] Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 10 billion cfu / g, and Lactobacillus plantarum, 10 billion cfu / g, were purchased from Shandong Pingju Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0043] The preparation method of the saccharomyces cerevisiae seed solution is as follows: the saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated into the Gao's medium, and the saccharomyces cerevisiae is activated and cultured for 24 hours at 50°C and 100 r / min to obtain a saccharomyces cerevisiae seed solution with a bacterial content of 10 8 -10 9 cfu / mL of bacterial seed solution;

[0044] The preparation method of Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution is as follows: Lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into LB medium, and the culture is activated for 18 hours at 37°C and 100 r / min to obtain a culture medium with a bacterial content of 10 8 -10 9 cfu / mL of bacterial seed solution;

[0045] The total mixed diet was prepared by stirring and evenly mixing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50 parts of corn, 9 parts of soybean meal, 17 parts of bran, 1 part of stone powder, 3 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of salt, 11 parts of cottonseed meal, 7 parts of corn germ, 0.05 parts of multivitamins, 0.3 parts of trace elements, and 0.7 parts of soda.

[0046] The multivitamins include vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin B6, with a mass ratio of 6:1.6:4:0.7.

[0047] The trace elements include ferric chloride, magnesium chloride and manganese chloride in a mass ratio of 3:1.2:0.2.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a dairy goat breeding feed, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1 hybrid paper mulberry and soybean cooking: 10 parts by mass of hybrid paper mulberry and 5 parts by mass of soybeans were dried, crushed, mixed, sprayed with water to a moisture content of 10wt%, heated and cooked for 0.5h, evaporated to dry the water, to obtain a mixed powder after treatment;

[0051] S2. Extraction of phycobiliprotein: Adding water content less than 5wt% of Gexianmi algae powder to water, the solid-liquid ratio of the Gexianmi algae powder to water is 1:5g / mL, microwave heating extraction, microwave power of 500W, temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 2h, filtering, solid retention, filtrate through an organic membrane filter, molecular weight cutoff of 30-250KDa material, freeze drying, to obtain phycobiliprotein;

[0052] S3. Chelation of Cu / Zn ions: 100 parts by mass of the phycobiliprotein prepared in step S2 was added to 500 parts by mass of water, and 5 parts by mass of copper chloride and 3 parts by mass of zinc chloride were added, and the mixture was stirred for reaction for 30 minutes, and dialyzed for 5 hours using a dialysis bag with a pore size of 5 kDa, and freeze-dried to obtain phycobiliprotein chelated with Cu / Zn ions;

[0053] S4. Fermentation: 20 parts by mass of the treated mixed powder obtained in step S1, 5 parts by mass of the solid in step S2 were added to 300 parts by mass of water, sterilized, inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, the inoculation amounts were 2v / v% and 1v / v%, 40°C, 100r / min, fermented for 36h, filtered, the solid was washed with sterile water, concentrated to obtain a bacterial content of 10 10 -10 11 cfu / mL of concentrated bacterial liquid, and freeze-dried the liquid to obtain the fermentation product;

[0054] S5. Encapsulation of fermented bacteria: 200 parts by mass of the concentrated bacterial solution obtained in step S4 were added with 2 parts by mass of graphene oxide, 20 parts by mass of sodium alginate, and 1 part by mass of lecithin, mixed evenly, added with 500 parts by mass of soybean oil, emulsified at 10000r / min for 10min, and 10 parts by mass of 5wt% calcium chloride solution were added dropwise, cured at room temperature for 30min, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain fermented bacteria microcapsules;

[0055] S6. Preparation of additives: 10 parts by mass of soy isoflavones, 17 parts by mass of sodium acetate, and 5 parts by mass of sodium β-hydroxybutyrate were stirred and mixed for 15 min to obtain an additive;

[0056] S7. Preparation of dairy goat breeding feed: add 1 part by mass of Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein prepared in step S3, 3 parts by mass of fermentation product prepared in step S4, 3 parts by mass of fermentation bacteria microcapsules prepared in step S5, and 0.1 parts by mass of additives prepared in step S6 to 100 parts by mass of complete mixed diet, stir and mix for 20 minutes to prepare dairy goat breeding feed.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a dairy goat breeding feed, comprising the following steps:

[0059] S1 hybrid paper mulberry and soybean cooking: 15 parts by mass of hybrid paper mulberry and 7 parts by mass of soybeans were dried, crushed, mixed, sprayed with water to a moisture content of 15wt%, heated and cooked for 1.5h, evaporated to dry the water, to obtain a mixed powder after treatment;

[0060] S2. Extraction of phycobiliprotein: Adding water content less than 5wt% of Gexianmi algae powder to water, the solid-liquid ratio of the Gexianmi algae powder to water is 1:10g / mL, microwave heating extraction, microwave power is 700W, temperature is 50°C, extraction time is 4h, filtered, the solid is retained, the filtrate is filtered through an organic membrane, the molecular weight cutoff is 30-250KDa, freeze-dried, and phycobiliprotein is obtained;

[0061] S3. Chelation of Cu / Zn ions: 100 parts by mass of the phycobiliprotein prepared in step S2 was added to 500 parts by mass of water, and 7 parts by mass of copper nitrate and 5 parts by mass of zinc nitrate were added, and the mixture was stirred for reaction for 30 minutes, and dialyzed for 6 hours using a dialysis bag with a pore size of 5 kDa, and freeze-dried to obtain phycobiliprotein chelated with Cu / Zn ions;

[0062] S4. Fermentation: 40 parts by mass of the treated mixed powder obtained in step S1, 10 parts by mass of the solid in step S2 were added to 500 parts by mass of water, sterilized, inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, inoculation amounts of 4v / v% and 3v / v%, respectively, at 45°C, 120r / min, fermented for 48h, filtered, the solid was washed with sterile water, concentrated to obtain a bacterial content of 10 10 -10 11 cfu / mL of concentrated bacterial liquid, and freeze-dried the liquid to obtain the fermentation product;

[0063] S5. Encapsulation of fermented bacteria: 4 parts by mass of graphene oxide, 25 parts by mass of sodium alginate, 3 parts by mass of lecithin were added to 250 parts by mass of the concentrated bacterial solution obtained in step S4, mixed evenly, added to 500 parts by mass of soybean oil, emulsified at 10000r / min for 10min, 10 parts by mass of 5wt% calcium chloride solution was added dropwise, cured at room temperature for 30min, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain fermented bacteria microcapsules;

[0064] S6. Preparation of additives: 12 parts by mass of soy isoflavones, 22 parts by mass of sodium acetate, and 7 parts by mass of sodium β-hydroxybutyrate were stirred and mixed for 15 min to obtain an additive;

[0065] S7. Preparation of dairy goat breeding feed: add 2 parts by mass of Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein prepared in step S3, 5 parts by mass of fermentation product prepared in step S4, 5 parts by mass of fermentation bacteria microcapsules prepared in step S5, and 0.3 parts by mass of additives prepared in step S6 to 100 parts by mass of complete mixed diet, stir and mix for 20 minutes to prepare dairy goat breeding feed.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a dairy goat breeding feed, comprising the following steps:

[0068] S1 hybrid paper mulberry and soybean cooking: 12 parts by mass of hybrid paper mulberry and 6 parts by mass of soybeans were dried, crushed, mixed, sprayed with water to a moisture content of 12wt%, heated and cooked for 1h, evaporated to dry the water, to obtain a mixed powder after treatment;

[0069] S2. Extraction of phycobiliprotein: Adding water content less than 5wt% of Gexianmi algae powder to water, the solid-liquid ratio of the Gexianmi algae powder to water is 1:7g / mL, microwave heating extraction, microwave power is 600W, temperature is 45°C, extraction time is 3h, filtering, solids are retained, the filtrate is filtered through an organic membrane, the molecular weight cutoff is 30-250KDa, freeze-dried, and phycobiliprotein is obtained;

[0070] S3. Chelation of Cu / Zn ions: 100 parts by mass of the phycobiliprotein prepared in step S2 was added to 500 parts by mass of water, and 6 parts by mass of copper sulfate and 4 parts by mass of zinc sulfate were added, and the mixture was stirred for reaction for 30 minutes, and dialyzed for 6 hours using a dialysis bag with a pore size of 5 kDa, and freeze-dried to obtain phycobiliprotein chelated with Cu / Zn ions;

[0071] S4. Fermentation: 30 parts by mass of the treated mixed powder obtained in step S1, 7 parts by mass of the solid in step S2 were added to 400 parts by mass of water, sterilized, inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, the inoculation amounts were 3v / v% and 2v / v%, 42°C, 110r / min, fermented for 42h, filtered, the solid was washed with sterile water, concentrated to obtain a bacterial content of 10 10 -10 11 cfu / mL of concentrated bacterial liquid, and freeze-dried the liquid to obtain the fermentation product;

[0072] S5. Encapsulation of fermented bacteria: To 230 parts by mass of the concentrated bacterial solution obtained in step S4, 3 parts by mass of graphene oxide, 22 parts by mass of sodium alginate, and 2 parts by mass of lecithin were added, mixed uniformly, added to 500 parts by mass of soybean oil, emulsified at 10000r / min for 10min, 10 parts by mass of 5wt% calcium chloride solution was added dropwise, cured at room temperature for 30min, centrifuged, washed, and dried to obtain fermented bacteria microcapsules;

[0073] S6. Preparation of additives: 11 parts by mass of soy isoflavones, 20 parts by mass of sodium acetate, and 6 parts by mass of sodium β-hydroxybutyrate were stirred and mixed for 15 min to obtain an additive;

[0074] S7. Preparation of dairy goat breeding feed: add 1.5 parts by mass of Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein prepared in step S3, 4 parts by mass of fermentation product prepared in step S4, 4 parts by mass of fermentation bacteria microcapsules prepared in step S5, and 0.2 parts by mass of additives prepared in step S6 to 100 parts by mass of complete mixed diet, stir and mix for 20 minutes to prepare dairy goat breeding feed.

[0075] Comparative Example 1

[0076] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that hybrid paper mulberry is not added in step S1.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that soybean is not added in step S1.

[0079] Comparative Example 3

[0080] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that no heating and steaming is performed in step S1.

[0081] Comparative Example 4

[0082] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that copper sulfate is not added in step S3.

[0083] Comparative Example 5

[0084] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that zinc sulfate is not added in step S3.

[0085] Comparative Example 6

[0086] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that step S3 is not performed, and the Cu / Zn ion-chelated phycobiliprotein added in step S7 is replaced by the phycobiliprotein prepared in step S2.

[0087] Comparative Example 7

[0088] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the saccharomyces cerevisiae seed liquid is not inoculated in step S4.

[0089] Comparative Example 8

[0090] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid is not inoculated in step S4.

[0091] Comparative Example 9

[0092] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that graphene oxide is not added in step S5.

[0093] Comparative Example 10

[0094] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the additive prepared in Step S6 is not added in Step S7.

[0095] Comparative Example 11

[0096] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that no Cu / Zn ion-chelated phycobiliprotein is added in step S7.

[0097] Comparative Example 12

[0098] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that fermentation bacteria microcapsules are not added in step S7.

[0099] Test Example 1

[0100] The experiment selected healthy Laoshan dairy goats weighing 50-53kg and having lambs for 100-110 days, dewormed, numbered, and randomly divided into 16 groups, 20 in each group, namely the control group, the embodiment 1-3 group, and the comparative example 1-12 group. The control group was fed with a complete mixed diet and green hay, and the embodiment 1-3 group and the comparative example 1-12 group were fed with corresponding dairy goat breeding feed and green hay. After 15 days of adaptability test, the formal test was started for a period of 30 days.

[0101] The experimental sheep were raised in replicates (pens), and were fed with a full mixed diet at 4:00, 10:00, 15:00 and 20:00 every day, and machine milking was performed at 6:00 and 18:00. During the experiment, the feeding and management of the sheep in each group remained consistent, with free access to food and water. The feeding amount and residual feed amount of the experimental sheep were recorded every day, and the average daily feed intake of each sheep was calculated.

[0102] Milk production and feed-milk ratio: During the trial period, the milk production of each test sheep was recorded every day, and the feed-milk ratio was calculated (average daily feed intake / average daily milk production).

[0103] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Table 1

[0105] Group Average daily feed intake (kg / d) Milk production (kg / d) Feed to milk ratio Control group 3.32±0.39 1.24±0.71 2.68±0.04 Example 1 3.28±0.32 1.35±0.69* 2.43±0.09* Example 2 3.29±0.34 1.36±0.65* 2.42±0.08* Example 3 3.30±0.31 1.37±0.74* 2.41±0.05* Comparative Example 1 3.31±0.25 1.32±0.65 2.51±0.10 Comparative Example 2 3.29±0.28 1.33±0.68 2.47±0.06 Comparative Example 3 3.32±0.27 1.28±0.59 2.59±0.11 Comparative Example 4 3.33±0.24 1.30±0.64 2.56±0.07 Comparative Example 5 3.31±0.21 1.28±0.61 2.59±0.06 Comparative Example 6 3.29±0.26 1.27±0.58 2.59±0.08 Comparative Example 7 3.34±0.29 1.31±0.55 2.55±0.12 Comparative Example 8 3.33±0.22 1.29±0.74 2.58±0.09 Comparative Example 9 3.31±0.19 1.32±0.69 2.51±0.06 Comparative Example 10 3.34±0.27 1.28±0.66 2.61±0.15 Comparative Example 11 3.32±0.19 1.25±0.49 2.66±0.14 Comparative Example 12 3.30±0.23 1.26±0.55 2.62±0.17

[0106] Note: * compared with the control group, P < 0.05.

[0107] As can be seen from the above table, the dairy goat breeding feeds prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention significantly increase the milk production of dairy goats and reduce the feed-milk ratio, and the average daily feed intake does not change significantly compared with the control group.

[0108] Determination of milk composition indicators: On the 31st day of the experiment, fresh milk samples were collected. 50 mL of milk sample was collected from each test sheep using a sampling cup, and the milk composition, including total solids rate, milk fat rate, milk protein rate and lactose rate, was determined using HZDY-UL80B milk composition analyzer.

[0109] The results are shown in Table 2.

[0110] Table 2

[0111] Group Milk fat percentage (%) Milk protein rate (%) Lactose rate (%) Total solid content (%) Control group 5.33±1.09 4.21±0.44 4.60±0.42 14.41±1.39 Example 1 4.75±1.12* 4.59±0.34* 4.88±0.39* 14.92±1.41* Example 2 4.73±1.09* 4.61±0.30* 4.89±0.33* 14.90±1.32* Example 3 4.72±1.21* 4.63±0.28* 4.92±0.40* 14.95±1.25* Comparative Example 1 4.79±1.09 4.55±0.31 4.82±0.42 14.55±1.29 Comparative Example 2 4.82±1.12 4.56±0.33 4.84±0.39 14.61±1.32 Comparative Example 3 4.86±1.04 4.50±0.28 4.79±0.35 14.47±1.21 Comparative Example 4 4.77±1.11 4.52±0.29 4.72±0.33 14.75±1.33 Comparative Example 5 4.79±1.06 4.49±0.25 4.74±0.36 14.71±1.22 Comparative Example 6 4.81±1.14 4.45±0.17 4.69±0.26 14.62±1.18 Comparative Example 7 4.80±1.19 4.50±0.23 4.80±0.23 14.82±1.12 Comparative Example 8 4.85±1.31 4.48±0.19 4.79±0.26 14.77±1.35 Comparative Example 9 4.78±1.13 4.52±0.17 4.82±0.33 14.85±1.47 Comparative Example 10 4.80±1.19 4.49±0.22 4.81±0.29 14.72±1.30 Comparative Example 11 4.82±1.09 4.40±0.23 4.61±0.31 14.37±1.37 Comparative Example 12 4.98±1.23 4.41±0.26 4.73±0.29 14.68±1.39

[0112] Note: * compared with the control group, P < 0.05.

[0113] It can be seen from the above table that the dairy goat breeding feed prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention can significantly increase the total solid rate, milk protein rate and lactose rate of dairy goats, and reduce the milk fat rate.

[0114] Serum index determination: After the experiment, blood was collected from the jugular vein of each sheep on an empty stomach, and the total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin (ALB), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) content in the serum were determined using a kit (purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute).

[0115] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0116] Table 3

[0117] Group SOD activity (U / mL) MDA content (nmol / L) Albumin content (g / L) IL-10 content (ng / L) Control group 0.30±0.09 4.32±1.57 34.59±1.82 920.15±5.16 Example 1 0.57±0.12* 3.02±1.35* 38.02±1.25* 935.37±5.62* Example 2 0.55±0.13* 2.97±1.29* 38.10±1.41* 936.16±4.85* Example 3 0.59±0.15* 2.94±1.35* 38.37±1.53* 939.25±6.02* Comparative Example 1 0.51±0.09 3.10±1.14 37.72±1.12 930.19±4.67 Comparative Example 2 0.52±0.12 3.08±1.08 37.59±1.21 931.10±5.18 Comparative Example 3 0.48±0.10 3.17±1.16 37.01±1.27 930.82±5.28 Comparative Example 4 0.51±0.13 3.27±1.12 38.01±1.35* 931.28±6.18 Comparative Example 5 0.49±0.08 3.32±1.08 37.48±1.41 928.47±5.36 Comparative Example 6 0.47±0.15 3.40±1.15 36.09±1.29 926.12±4.87 Comparative Example 7 0.48±0.11 3.37±1.19 36.88±1.24 933.21±6.01 Comparative Example 8 0.47±0.17 3.39±1.23 36.92±1.10 930.16±5.28 Comparative Example 9 0.51±0.15 3.34±1.16 37.05±1.43 939.50±4.83* Comparative Example 10 0.50±0.19 3.45±1.11 36.69±1.37 927.11±4.12 Comparative Example 11 0.44±0.13 3.47±1.21 34.45±1.38 925.19±4.18 Comparative Example 12 0.43±0.09 3.42±1.17 35.88±1.32 926.77±5.88

[0118] Note: * compared with the control group, P < 0.05.

[0119] It can be seen from the above table that the dairy goat breeding feed prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention can significantly increase the serum SOD content of dairy goats, reduce the MDA content, and increase the albumin and IL-10 contents.

[0120] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a dairy goat breeding feed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 hybrid paper mulberry and soybean cooking: the hybrid paper mulberry and soybean drying, crushing, mixing, spraying water, heating and cooking, evaporating the water to obtain a mixed powder after treatment; the mass ratio of the hybrid paper mulberry and soybean is 10-15: 5-7; S2. Extraction of phycobiliprotein: Add the powder of Gexianmi algae to water, extract by microwave heating, filter, retain the solid, filter the filtrate through an organic membrane, and retain the material with a molecular weight cutoff of 30-250KDa, freeze-dry, and obtain phycobiliprotein; S3. Chelating of Cu / Zn ions: adding the phycobiliprotein obtained in step S2 to water, adding copper salt and zinc salt, stirring for reaction, dialyzing, and freeze-drying to obtain phycobiliprotein chelated with Cu / Zn ions; the mass ratio of the phycobiliprotein, copper salt, zinc salt and water is 100:5-7:3-5:500; S4. Fermentation: adding the treated mixed powder obtained in step S1 and the solid in step S2 to water, sterilizing, inoculating yeast and Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, fermenting and culturing, filtering, washing the solid with sterile water, concentrating to obtain a concentrated bacterial solution, freeze-drying the liquid to obtain a fermentation product; the mass ratio of the treated mixed powder, solid and water is 20-40:5-10:300-500; S5. Encapsulation of fermented bacteria: Add graphene oxide, sodium alginate, and lecithin to the concentrated bacterial solution obtained in step S4, mix well, add to soybean oil, emulsify, add calcium chloride solution dropwise, solidify at room temperature, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain fermented bacteria microcapsules; the mass ratio of the concentrated bacterial solution, graphene oxide, sodium alginate, lecithin, and soybean oil is 200-250:2-4:20-25:1-3:500; S6. Preparation of additives: mixing soy isoflavones, sodium acetate and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate to obtain an additive; the mass ratio of soy isoflavones, sodium acetate and sodium β-hydroxybutyrate is 10-12:17-22:5-7; S7. Preparation of dairy goat breeding feed: add the Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein prepared in step S3, the fermentation product prepared in step S4, the fermentation bacteria microcapsules prepared in step S5, and the additives prepared in step S6 to the complete mixed diet, stir and mix evenly to prepare dairy goat breeding feed; the mass ratio of the complete mixed diet, Cu / Zn ion chelated phycobiliprotein, fermentation product, fermentation bacteria microcapsules, and additives is 100:1-2:3-5:3-5:0.1-0.

3.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, water is sprayed until the water content is 10-15wt%, and the heating and steaming time is 0.5-1.5h.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the water content of the Gesamina powder is less than 5wt%, the solid-liquid ratio of the Gesamina powder to water is 1:5-10g / mL, and the microwave power of the microwave heating extraction is 500-700W, the temperature is 40-50°C, and the time is 2-4h.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the copper salt is selected from at least one of copper chloride, copper sulfate, and copper nitrate, the zinc salt is selected from at least one of zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, and zinc nitrate, and the dialysis time is 5-6 hours.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The yeast in step S4 is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the bacterial content of the bacterial seed liquid is 10 8 -10 9 cfu / mL, the inoculation amounts of the saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum seed solutions were 2-4 v / v% and 1-3 v / v%, respectively, the fermentation culture conditions were 40-45°C, 100-120 r / min, the fermentation culture was 36-48 h, and the bacterial content of the concentrated bacterial solution was 10 10 -10 11 cfu / mL.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total mixed diet described in step S7 is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of corn, 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, 1.1-5 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of salt, 8-13 parts of cottonseed meal, 5-10 parts of corn germ, 0.01-0.1 parts of multivitamins, 0.2-0.4 parts of trace elements, and 0.5-1 parts of soda; the multivitamins include vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin B6, and the mass ratio is 5-7:1-2:3-5:0.5-1; the trace elements include ferric chloride, magnesium chloride, and manganese chloride, and the mass ratio is 2-4:1-2:0.1-0.

3.

7. A dairy goat breeding feed prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.