A method for detecting and rapidly locating hydrogen leaks in confined spaces based on fluid dynamics simulation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation. The method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage includes identifying hazardous sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces; three-dimensional digital modeling of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces; simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage diffusion of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces; hydrogen leakage diffusion test of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces; analysis of hydrogen leakage diffusion rules; hydrogen leakage positioning based on neural networks; optimal arrangement of hydrogen concentration sensors based on improved particle swarm algorithm, and hydrogen leakage detection and positioning. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can quickly detect hydrogen leakage of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces and accurately locate the leakage position, which is helpful to improve the safety and large-scale application of hydrogen utilization systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen safety technology, and in particular to a method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation. Background Art

[0002] Confined space hydrogen equipment systems can be used for energy storage and supply in my country's new power system, and are one of the keys to my country's energy structure adjustment. The operation of confined space hydrogen equipment involves the production, storage and utilization of hydrogen, and abnormal operating conditions such as power failure of the electrolyzer power supply system, excessive or low voltage, large power fluctuations, and hydrogen / oxygen leakage in the system may affect the safety and stability of the system. In particular, hydrogen leakage is the most dangerous accident in hydrogen-related systems, and all hydrogen-related systems must be prevented and avoided.

[0003] In a confined space, hydrogen leaks and diffuses quickly to form a flammable cloud, and the probability of electric sparks in the electrical system causing explosions increases, making rapid safety protection difficult. Hydrogen leak detection and rapid positioning methods can quickly locate the leak source and implement safety protection measures when a hydrogen leak occurs, ensuring the safe operation of the system. Existing detection methods have a long response time and it is difficult to determine the location of the leak point after detecting the leak, requiring manual investigation, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method that can more quickly detect and locate hydrogen leaks in confined spaces. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a confined space hydrogen leakage detection and rapid positioning method based on fluid dynamics simulation, which can accurately obtain the system hydrogen leakage location and improve the safety of confined space hydrogen-related equipment.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Based on the analysis of the process flow of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces, identify the hazard sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces and obtain the hazard source identification information set;

[0009] S2: Based on the hazard source identification information set obtained in S1, a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and a simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of confined space hydrogen-related equipment is performed to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics;

[0010] S3: Conduct hydrogen leakage and diffusion tests on hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces, and combine with the simulation analysis in S2. When the accuracy of hydrogen concentration prediction based on hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics in S2 is ≥80%, analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion law, and obtain simulation results of the temporal and spatial evolution law of hydrogen leakage and diffusion and key influencing factors;

[0011] S4: Using the simulation results in S3 as sample data of the neural network, and using the nonlinear mapping ability of the neural network to build a hydrogen leakage location model, the hydrogen leakage diffusion law is predicted;

[0012] S5: Based on the positioning model constructed in S4, determine the layout plan of the hydrogen concentration sensor;

[0013] S6: Perform hydrogen leakage detection and positioning according to the detection results of the sensors arranged in S5.

[0014] Furthermore, in S1, the identification of hazard sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces specifically includes the following steps:

[0015] S1-1 Analyze the relevant standards, specifications and safety accident information of typical hydrogen-related systems and equipment, clarify the failure mode and failure logic chain of hydrogen-related systems, and obtain the specific location and name information of hazardous sources;

[0016] S1-2 Based on the location and name information of the hazard source, obtain the conventional operating characteristics of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment, obtain the structural degradation and failure behavior of the core components of the system hydrogen-related equipment and the possible accident consequences; obtain the accident risk and hazard information of the whole process and all working conditions of the system, identify the hazard source of the system through fault type and impact analysis, and divide the risk level;

[0017] S1-3 continues to identify hazardous sources. Based on the fault tree analysis method (FTA), the structural importance of basic events that lead to hazards is determined according to the fault tree. According to the probability of occurrence of basic events and the structural importance, the probability of leakage of hazardous sources that are prone to leakage in the system is determined. The hazardous sources and risk points of the system are further refined as the working conditions for the fluid dynamics simulation of hydrogen-related equipment to achieve quantitative analysis of hazardous sources.

[0018] Further, in S2, the three-dimensional data model is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model;

[0019] The simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces includes the following process:

[0020] A fluid dynamics model of hydrogen leakage and diffusion in confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and the identified hydrogen leakage points are set as leakage sources. The leakage scales include small leakage, medium leakage and large leakage. Hydrogen leakage monitoring points are set according to the hydrogen concentration sensor layout method, and fluid dynamics simulation is carried out to obtain the hydrogen concentration characteristics of different monitoring points.

[0021] Furthermore, the small leakage is 1% of the flow area, the medium leakage is 10% of the flow area, and the large leakage is 100% of the flow area.

[0022] Furthermore, in S3, when the prediction accuracy of the hydrogen concentration is less than 80%, the simulation analysis is performed again.

[0023] Further, in S3, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion test of hydrogen-related equipment in confined space is specifically: testing the diffusion and aggregation process of hydrogen in the confined space after an accidental leakage of hydrogen-related equipment in the system, specifically including the following process:

[0024] A hydrogen leakage point is set at the location where hydrogen leakage may occur identified in S1. When the leakage scale is a small leakage, hydrogen concentration sensors are densely arranged around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field, and hydrogen concentration sensors are evenly arranged on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field.

[0025] Furthermore, in S4, the construction of the hydrogen leakage locating model specifically includes the following process: based on the hydrogen leakage diffusion simulation data of different leakage points, different leakage apertures, different leakage times, and different sensor layout schemes, a test set and a verification set of hydrogen leakage location, leakage scale, and hydrogen concentration response of the monitoring point of the leakage sensor layout scheme are formed, and then a hydrogen leakage locating model based on the BP neural network is established to achieve accurate positioning of the hydrogen leakage and accurate prediction of the hydrogen leakage scale.

[0026] Further, in S5, the step of determining the arrangement of the hydrogen concentration sensor specifically includes the following process:

[0027] S5-1 Based on the hydrogen leakage diffusion neural network model, a comprehensive index of the number of hydrogen concentration sensors and prediction accuracy is established, and the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the layout of hydrogen concentration sensors to determine the number and location of sensors.

[0028] S5-2 verifies the effectiveness of the sensor placement scheme in predicting hydrogen concentration under different hydrogen leakage conditions through the fluid dynamics model of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces, and ultimately determines the minimum number and optimal location of hydrogen concentration sensors that can ensure leakage warning and accurate positioning.

[0029] Furthermore, in S5-1, the specific process of the improved particle swarm algorithm is: first, the population is initialized; the difference between the predicted value of the leakage point and the actual value of the test is calculated through the layout position of the sensor, and the fitness of each particle is calculated to find the current individual extreme value of each particle and the current global optimal position of the entire particle swarm; then the position and speed of each particle are updated. When the difference between the two optimized value positions is less than 0.1m and the number of calculated stagnation times is less than 5, an iteration ends. When the set maximum number of iterations is reached, the optimization ends and the results are output.

[0030] Furthermore, in S6, the hydrogen leak detection and positioning is specifically: based on the data of the hydrogen concentration sensor, combined with the positioning model obtained in S4, the subsequent temporal and spatial evolution law of hydrogen is predicted to achieve rapid positioning of the leakage position.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention uses a fluid dynamics simulation method to conduct online monitoring and rapid positioning of hydrogen leakage in confined space hydrogen-related equipment, combines space geometry and equipment layout, and constructs a three-dimensional fluid dynamics numerical simulation technology for hydrogen leakage and diffusion under multi-obstacle conditions in confined spaces, revealing the diffusion characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution laws of hydrogen leakage in multiple scenarios, full processes, and multiple working conditions, and establishes a data set for hydrogen leakage and diffusion based on the analysis results; then, using the excellent learning ability of the BP neural network, a nonlinear logical relationship between hydrogen leakage and diffusion evolution is constructed; the layout of the hydrogen concentration sensor is determined to achieve real-time monitoring and rapid positioning of hydrogen leakage in confined spaces, which is conducive to further improving the safety of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces and its large-scale application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the confined space hydrogen leakage detection and rapid positioning method of the present invention is shown in FIG.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of hazard source identification for hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a risk level diagram of hazardous sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a structural importance diagram of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 A three-dimensional model diagram of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the hydrogen sensor in the experiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a simulation model diagram of hydrogen leakage diffusion flow dynamics of hydrogen-related equipment in confined space of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the temporal and spatial evolution of hydrogen after a medium-sized leak occurs in the hydrogen separation device of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 It is the technical roadmap of leakage location of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 A roadmap for optimizing the hydrogen concentration sensor arrangement scheme for the present invention;

[0043] Fig.11 This is a diagram of the layout of the hydrogen concentration sensor after optimization of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 Description of the mark in:

[0045] 1-Hydrogen separation device, 2-Fuel cell, 3-Purification device, 4-Metal hydrogen storage device, 5-Water electrolysis hydrogen production system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below through examples. These examples are implemented on the premise of the scheme described in the present invention, and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating processes, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0047] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures and other features not clearly described in this technical solution are all considered to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art. Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, taking confined space hydrogen-related equipment as the implementation object, this embodiment provides a confined space hydrogen leakage detection and rapid positioning method based on fluid dynamics simulation, including the following steps:

[0049] S1: Based on the analysis of the process flow of confined space hydrogen-related equipment, the hazardous sources of confined space hydrogen-related equipment are identified. According to the process flow chart of confined space hydrogen-related equipment, the conventional operating characteristics of confined space hydrogen-related equipment are deeply analyzed, and the hydrogen-related components and working principles in the system are clarified, as shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1 Hydrogen-related components in confined space hydrogen-related equipment systems

[0051]

[0052] The identification of hazardous sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces specifically includes the following steps:

[0053] S1-1 Analyze the relevant standards, specifications and safety accidents of typical hydrogen-related systems and equipment, and clarify the failure modes and logical chains of hydrogen-related systems, such as Figure 2 As shown;

[0054] S1-2 In-depth analysis of the conventional operating characteristics of confined space hydrogen-related equipment, research on the structural degradation and failure behavior of the core components of the system hydrogen-related equipment and possible accident consequences; explain the accident risks and hazards of the whole process and all working conditions of the system, identify the dangerous sources of the system through fault type and effect analysis (FMEA), and divide the risk levels, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0055] S1-3 continues to identify the hazard source. Based on the fault tree analysis method, the structural importance of the basic events that lead to the hazard is determined according to the fault tree. According to the probability of occurrence of the basic events and the structural importance, the probability of leakage of the system's leaky hazard source is determined. The hazard sources and risk points of the system are further refined as the working conditions of the fluid dynamics simulation of hydrogen-related equipment to achieve quantitative analysis of the hazard source, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0056] S2: Establish a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment, which is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model, and simulate and analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion of confined space hydrogen-related equipment to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics; Based on the actual spatial layout of the system, construct a confined space geometric model of the system confined space hydrogen-related equipment components and prefabricated cabins through three-dimensional modeling software, such as Figure 5 The geometric model includes a hydrogen separation device 1, a fuel cell 2, a water electrolysis hydrogen production system 5, a metal hydrogen storage device 4, and a purification device 3.

[0057] The simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces includes the following process: establishing a hydrodynamic model of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces, setting the identified hydrogen leakage point as the leakage source, and the leakage scale includes small leakage, medium leakage and large leakage, setting hydrogen leakage monitoring points according to the hydrogen concentration sensor arrangement method, and carrying out hydrodynamic simulation to obtain hydrogen concentration characteristics of different monitoring points. The small leakage is 1% of the flow area, the medium leakage is 10% of the flow area, and the large leakage is 100% of the flow area.

[0058] S3: Conduct hydrogen leakage and diffusion tests on hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces, and combine with the simulation analysis in S2. When the accuracy of hydrogen concentration prediction is ≥80%, the established simulation model is valid, analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion law, and obtain the simulation results of the temporal and spatial evolution law of hydrogen leakage and diffusion and key influencing factors; if the hydrogen concentration prediction accuracy is less than 80%, re-perform the simulation analysis.

[0059] The hydrogen leakage diffusion test aims to study the diffusion and aggregation process of hydrogen in a confined space after an accidental leakage of hydrogen-related equipment in the system. Specifically, the following process is included: a gas path module is set at a possible leakage location to simulate a small leakage in the system. Hydrogen concentration sensors are densely arranged around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field, which are named S10~S15 respectively. Figure 6 As shown, hydrogen concentration sensors are evenly arranged on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field. The distance between adjacent sensors is 70 cm and the distance from the top is 40 cm. They are named S1~S9 respectively, as shown in Figure 6 When installing, try to ensure that the top of all sensors is flush with the installation surface to minimize the impact of the sensor itself on the flow field and concentration field and improve the measurement accuracy.

[0060] Establish a three-dimensional fluid dynamics simulation technology for hydrogen leakage and diffusion under compact confined space constraints and multiple obstacles, such as Figure 7 As shown, the diffusion kinetics of hydrogen in a confined space is studied, and the hydrogen leakage diffusion test is simulated to accurately describe the spatiotemporal evolution of hydrogen leakage diffusion caused by the leakage point, and compared with the test results to verify the reliability of the simulation model. By analyzing the law of hydrogen leakage diffusion, the spatiotemporal evolution law of hydrogen leakage diffusion and the key influencing factors are obtained. In the established flow dynamics simulation model, the diffusion kinetics of hydrogen in a confined space is studied, and the kinetics and spatiotemporal evolution of hydrogen leakage diffusion are analyzed, focusing on the effect of confined space geometry, system layout scheme, and spatial position of leakage points on hydrogen leakage diffusion. Under the medium-sized leakage condition of the hydrogen separation device, when the leakage begins, hydrogen sprays out from the leakage port, and sprays out horizontally under the action of force. It encounters obstacles and diffuses to the surroundings. After 2s, it basically fills the entire box. Figure 8 shown.

[0061] S4: Use the simulation results in S3 as sample data of the neural network, and with the help of the nonlinear mapping ability of the neural network, build a hydrogen leakage positioning model to predict the hydrogen leakage diffusion law.

[0062] The construction of the hydrogen leakage positioning model specifically includes the following process: based on the hydrogen leakage diffusion simulation data of different leakage points, different leakage apertures, different leakage times, and different sensor layout schemes, a test set and a verification set of hydrogen leakage position, leakage scale, and hydrogen concentration response of the monitoring point of the leakage sensor layout scheme are formed, and then a hydrogen leakage positioning model based on the BP neural network is established to achieve accurate positioning of the hydrogen leakage and accurate prediction of the hydrogen leakage scale.

[0063] With the help of the nonlinear mapping ability of neural networks, a hydrogen leak location model is constructed. Based on the machine learning algorithm and combined with the data obtained from the simulation, an algorithm model is constructed to quickly and accurately locate the leak source, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the simulated hydrogen leakage diffusion data is first preprocessed to ensure that the data meets the algorithm requirements, including data separation, normalization, etc., and then the excellent prediction accuracy and nonlinear generalization ability of the neural network are used to locate the hydrogen leakage position.

[0064] S5: Based on the positioning model constructed in S4, determine the arrangement scheme of the hydrogen concentration sensor; the determination of the arrangement scheme of the hydrogen concentration sensor specifically includes the following process:

[0065] S5-1 Based on the hydrogen leakage diffusion neural network model, a comprehensive index of the number of hydrogen concentration sensors and prediction accuracy is established, and the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the layout of hydrogen concentration sensors to determine the number and location of sensors. Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the specific process of the improved particle swarm algorithm is as follows: first, the population is initialized; the difference between the predicted value of the leakage point and the actual value of the test is calculated through the arrangement position of the sensor, and the fitness of each particle is calculated to find the current individual extreme value of each particle and the current global optimal position of the entire particle swarm; then the position and speed of each particle are updated. When the difference between the two optimized value positions is less than 0.1m and the number of calculated stagnation times is less than 5, an iteration ends. When the set maximum number of iterations is reached, the optimization ends and the results are output.

[0066] S5-2 verifies the effectiveness of the sensor placement scheme for predicting hydrogen concentration under different hydrogen leakage conditions through the confined space hydrogen-related equipment fluid dynamics model, and ultimately determines the minimum number and optimal location of hydrogen concentration sensors that can ensure leakage warning and accurate positioning, such as Fig.11 As shown, the red dot is the position of the hydrogen concentration sensor suspended on the ceiling after optimization, and the green dot is the position of the hydrogen concentration sensor near the leakage point after optimization.

[0067] S6: Perform hydrogen leakage detection and positioning according to the detection results of the sensors arranged in S5. The hydrogen leakage detection and positioning specifically includes: predicting the subsequent temporal and spatial evolution of hydrogen based on the data of the hydrogen concentration sensor in combination with the positioning model obtained in S4, and realizing rapid positioning of the leakage position.

[0068] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leaks in confined spaces based on fluid dynamics simulation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Based on the analysis of the process flow of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces, identify the hazard sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces and obtain the hazard source identification information set; S2: Based on the hazard source identification information set obtained in S1, a three-dimensional data model of confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and a simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of confined space hydrogen-related equipment is performed to obtain hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics; S3: Conduct hydrogen leakage and diffusion tests on hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces, and combine with the simulation analysis in S2. When the accuracy of hydrogen concentration prediction based on hydrogen leakage and diffusion characteristics in S2 is ≥80%, analyze the hydrogen leakage and diffusion law, and obtain simulation results of the temporal and spatial evolution law of hydrogen leakage and diffusion and key influencing factors; S4: Using the simulation results in S3 as sample data of the neural network, and using the nonlinear mapping ability of the neural network to build a hydrogen leakage location model, the hydrogen leakage diffusion law is predicted; S5: Based on the positioning model constructed in S4, determine the layout plan of the hydrogen concentration sensor; The arrangement scheme of determining the hydrogen concentration sensor specifically includes the following process: S5-1 Based on the hydrogen leakage diffusion neural network model, a comprehensive index of the number of hydrogen concentration sensors and prediction accuracy is established, and the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the layout of hydrogen concentration sensors to determine the number and location of sensors. S5-2 uses the confined space hydrogen-related equipment fluid dynamics model to verify the effectiveness of the sensor deployment scheme in predicting hydrogen concentration under different hydrogen leakage conditions, and ultimately determines the minimum number and optimal location of hydrogen concentration sensors that can ensure leakage warning and accurate positioning; S6: Perform hydrogen leakage detection and positioning according to the detection results of the sensors arranged in S5; In S6, the hydrogen leakage detection and positioning is specifically: according to the data of the hydrogen concentration sensor, combined with the positioning model obtained in S4, the subsequent temporal and spatial evolution law of hydrogen is predicted to achieve rapid positioning of the leakage position.

2. According to claim 1, a method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation is characterized in that: In S1, the identification of hazardous sources of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces specifically includes the following steps: S1-1 Analyze the relevant standards, specifications and safety accident information of typical hydrogen-related systems and equipment, clarify the failure mode and failure logic chain of hydrogen-related systems, and obtain the specific location and name information of hazardous sources; S1-2 Based on the location and name information of the hazard source, obtain the conventional operating characteristics of the confined space hydrogen-related equipment, obtain the structural degradation and failure behavior of the core components of the system hydrogen-related equipment and the possible accident consequences; obtain the accident risk and hazard information of the whole process and all working conditions of the system, identify the hazard source of the system through fault type and impact analysis, and divide the risk level; S1-3 continues to identify hazardous sources. Based on the fault tree analysis method, the structural importance of basic events that lead to hazards is determined according to the fault tree. According to the probability of occurrence of basic events and the structural importance, the probability of leakage of hazardous sources that are prone to leakage in the system is determined. The hazardous sources and risk points of the system are further refined as the working conditions for the fluid dynamics simulation of hydrogen-related equipment to achieve quantitative analysis of hazardous sources.

3. The method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the three-dimensional data model is a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model; The simulation analysis of hydrogen leakage and diffusion of hydrogen-related equipment in confined spaces includes the following process: A fluid dynamics model of hydrogen leakage and diffusion in confined space hydrogen-related equipment is established, and the identified hydrogen leakage points are set as leakage sources. The leakage scales include small leakage, medium leakage and large leakage. Hydrogen leakage monitoring points are set according to the hydrogen concentration sensor layout method, and fluid dynamics simulation is carried out to obtain the hydrogen concentration characteristics of different monitoring points.

4. The method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The small leakage is 1% of the flow area, the medium leakage is 10% of the flow area, and the large leakage is 100% of the flow area.

5. The method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, when the prediction accuracy of hydrogen concentration is less than 80%, the simulation analysis is performed again.

6. The method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the hydrogen leakage and diffusion test of hydrogen-related equipment in confined space is specifically to test the diffusion and aggregation process of hydrogen in the confined space after an accidental leakage of hydrogen-related equipment in the system, which specifically includes the following processes: A hydrogen leakage point is set at the location where hydrogen leakage may occur identified in S1. When the leakage scale is a small leakage, hydrogen concentration sensors are densely arranged around the leakage point to measure the gas concentration distribution in the near field, and hydrogen concentration sensors are evenly arranged on the ceiling to record the hydrogen concentration distribution in the far field.

7. The method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the construction of the hydrogen leakage locating model specifically includes the following process: based on the hydrogen leakage diffusion simulation data of different leakage points, different leakage apertures, different leakage times, and different sensor layout schemes, a test set and a verification set of hydrogen leakage location, leakage scale, and hydrogen concentration response of the monitoring point of the leakage sensor layout scheme are formed, and then a hydrogen leakage locating model based on the BP neural network is established to achieve accurate positioning of hydrogen leakage and accurate prediction of the scale of hydrogen leakage.

8. The method for detecting and quickly locating hydrogen leakage in a confined space based on fluid dynamics simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5-1, the specific process of the improved particle swarm algorithm is as follows: first, the population is initialized; the difference between the predicted value of the leakage point and the actual value of the test is calculated through the arrangement position of the sensor, and the fitness of each particle is calculated to find the current individual extreme value of each particle and the current global optimal position of the entire particle swarm; Then the position and velocity of each particle are updated. When the position difference between the two optimized values ​​is less than 0.1m and the number of calculation stagnation is less than 5, an iteration ends. When the set maximum number of iterations is reached, the optimization ends and the results are output.

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