A process for treating electrolytic aluminum waste

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources, and specifically relates to a process for treating electrolytic aluminum waste. The present invention adopts the following steps: uniformly mixing red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate with a binder, pressing and drying to form red mud pellets; crushing and drying the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode to form waste cathode carbon powder; mixing the red mud pellets with the waste cathode carbon powder and a reducing agent and then performing a roasting reaction to obtain sponge iron pellets; melting the sponge iron pellets, separating the slag and iron, and obtaining iron blocks and molten slag; and selecting specific pressing equipment during the pressing process of the red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate pellets. The present invention performs coordinated treatment of the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode and the red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate, directly reduces to obtain iron blocks, and effectively realizes the recycling of solid waste; using specific pressing equipment, it has good pressing efficiency and molding effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste resources, and specifically relates to a process for treating electrolytic aluminum waste. Background Art

[0002] Aluminum is a metal material recognized as having an important position in the world, and is an important basic material that plays a supporting role in various fields of the national economy. However, with the rapid development of the aluminum electrolysis industry, the environmental pollution caused by waste gas and waste materials has become increasingly prominent. With the increase in the output of electrolytic aluminum, the output of electrolytic aluminum waste cathodes generated by enterprises has increased day by day. The main components of electrolytic aluminum waste cathode carbon blocks are carbon and electrolyte, of which the carbon content is 45-80%, and the electrolyte content is about 20-55%. The electrolyte is mainly composed of cryolite, sodium fluoride, aluminum oxide and calcium fluoride. Under the current conditions, most electrolytic aluminum plants use open-air stacking or direct soil landfill to treat electrolytic aluminum waste cathodes, which not only occupies a large amount of land, but also the soluble fluoride and cyanide contained in them will flow into rivers with rainwater, seep into the ground and pollute the soil, groundwater and surface water, causing great harm to the surrounding ecological environment, human health and the growth of plants and animals.

[0003] Alumina is the main raw material for the production of aluminum metal, and red mud is a solid powdery waste discharged during the alumina smelting industrial production process. With the increase in the demand for alumina and the decrease in the quality of bauxite, the annual production of red mud is as high as tens of millions of tons, but the utilization rate is very low. Not only does it occupy land, but the chemical components in the red mud seep into the soil, causing ecological and environmental problems such as land simplification and groundwater pollution. Therefore, how to deal with the large amount of red mud discharged during the alumina production process and reduce environmental pollution is a difficult problem that the alumina production industry must solve.

[0004] To achieve the development of the electrolytic aluminum industry, developing a harmless and effective electrolytic aluminum waste treatment process has important economic and social benefits. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for treating aluminum electrolysis waste, so as to realize the recycling of red mud and waste cathode carbon powder in the aluminum electrolysis process; and to improve the treatment efficiency and effect through the use of specific equipment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] The electrolytic aluminum waste treatment process adopts the following steps:

[0008] (1) mixing the red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate and the binder uniformly, pressing and drying them to form red mud pellets;

[0009] (2) crushing and drying the waste cathode of electrolytic aluminum to produce waste cathode carbon powder;

[0010] (3) mixing the red mud pellets with the waste cathode carbon powder and the reducing agent and then performing a calcination reaction at a reaction temperature of 1200-1300° C. for a reaction time of 10-14 h to obtain sponge iron pellets after a reduction reaction;

[0011] (4) melting the sponge iron pellets prepared in step (3) at 1500-1700° C., separating the slag from the iron, and obtaining iron blocks and slag;

[0012] The pressing equipment used in the pressing process of the red mud magnetic separation iron ore concentrate pellets in step (1) includes a pressing chamber and a mold roller, an extrusion roller and two cleaning components arranged in the pressing chamber, wherein the mold roller and the extrusion roller are arranged to rotate side by side in the pressing chamber, and the mold roller and the extrusion roller both rotate toward a side close to each other;

[0013] The squeezing roller is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves arranged along the axis direction thereof, and each group of mounting grooves is equidistantly surrounding the axis of the squeezing roller, and each mounting groove is provided with a squeezing plate sliding along the radial direction of the squeezing roller;

[0014] Each group of mounting grooves is provided with an adjusting assembly for adjusting the volume in the mounting grooves. The adjusting assembly can slide along the radial direction of the squeezing roller, and all squeezing plates are installed on the adjusting assembly.

[0015] The mold roller is provided with concave molds which are the same in number as the installation grooves and correspond one to one;

[0016] The two cleaning assemblies are respectively located on the sides of the mold roller and the extrusion roller that are away from each other, and the two cleaning assemblies are used to clean the concave mold and the mounting groove respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the red mud magnetically separated iron concentrate described in step (1) is waste generated by the alumina industry; and the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode described in step (2) is waste generated by the aluminum electrolysis industry.

[0018] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the red mud magnetically separated iron concentrate and the binder in step (1) is 100:(1-1.2); the mass ratio of the red mud pellets, waste cathode carbon powder and limestone in step (3) is 100:(55-65):(8-12).

[0019] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a support plate, a plurality of support rods and a plurality of adjustment plates. The number of the adjustment plates is the same as and corresponds to the number of mounting grooves on the same axis. The adjustment plates can be slidably arranged in the mounting grooves. The support plates extend along the axial direction of the extrusion roller. The number of the support rods is the same as and corresponds to the number of the adjustment plates. The two ends of the plurality of support rods are fixedly connected to the support plates and the adjustment plates respectively.

[0020] Furthermore, a first slider capable of sliding along its axial direction is arranged at the center of the squeezing roller, a first rotating ring rotatably connected to the first slider is arranged on the first slider, the first rotating ring is provided with first connecting rods having the same number as the adjusting components and corresponding to each other, and both ends of the first connecting rods are respectively hinged to the support plate and the first rotating ring;

[0021] A first screw rod and two guide rods are arranged in the center of the extrusion roller. The first screw rod is rotatably arranged in the pressing bin in a horizontal state, and the axis of the first screw rod is coaxially arranged with the axis of the extrusion roller. The two guide rods are respectively located on both sides of the first screw rod, and the axes of the two guide rods are parallel to the axis of the first screw rod. The first slider is sleeved on the first screw rod and the two guide rods, the first slider is threadedly matched with the first screw rod, and the first slider is slidably matched with the guide rods. A first rotating drive motor for driving the first screw rod to rotate is also arranged on the pressing bin.

[0022] Furthermore, the threads at both ends of the first screw rod are arranged opposite to each other, and the first screw rod and the two guide rods are also provided with a second slider that is mirror-symmetrical to the first slider, the second slider is provided with a second rotating ring rotatably connected thereto, and the second rotating ring is provided with second connecting rods that are the same in number and correspond one to one with the adjusting components, and the two ends of the second connecting rods are respectively hinged to the support plate and the second rotating ring.

[0023] Furthermore, the support rods are all hollow structures, the support plate and the adjustment plate are both provided with air holes connected to both ends of the support rods, the air holes on the support plate are connected to an external air source, the adjustment plate is provided with a bellows that can be extended and retracted along the mounting groove, and the extrusion plate is fixedly connected to the bellows;

[0024] An air pipe connected with all the air holes on the support plates is arranged on the support plate, a pneumatic slip ring is arranged on the two guide rods, the pneumatic slip ring is provided with joints having the same number as the air pipes and corresponding to each other, a first connecting pipe is arranged between the joint and the air pipe, an avoidance hole for avoiding the first screw rod is arranged in the center of the pneumatic slip ring, and a second connecting pipe connected with an external air source is arranged on the pneumatic slip ring.

[0025] Furthermore, the two cleaning assemblies each include a cleaning roller and a plurality of cleaning brushes arranged along the axial direction of the cleaning roller, and the cleaning rollers of the two cleaning assemblies are respectively connected to the squeezing roller and the mold roller by transmission.

[0026] Furthermore, a recovery tank is provided at the bottom of the pressing bin, and an inclined filter screen is provided at the top of the recovery tank.

[0027] Furthermore, a gear ring fixedly connected to the extrusion roller and the mold roller is provided on one end, and the gear rings of the extrusion roller and the mold roller are meshingly connected. A driving shaft parallel to the axis of the extrusion roller is provided at the bottom of the pressing bin, and a second rotary drive motor for driving the extrusion roller to rotate is provided at one end of the driving shaft, and a synchronous belt is provided between the driving shaft and the extrusion roller.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The present invention synergistically treats waste cathodes of aluminum electrolysis and red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate, directly reduces them to obtain iron blocks, effectively realizes solid waste recycling, and has good economic and environmental benefits;

[0030] (2) The present invention uses a specific pressing device when pressing the red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate. The material is dropped from the top of the mold roller and the extrusion roller so that the material enters between the mold roller and the extrusion roller. The mold roller and the extrusion roller rotate toward one side close to each other. When the die on the mold roller and the mounting groove on the extrusion roller are located on the same horizontal line, the die on the mold roller and the mounting groove on the extrusion roller form a storage bin for extruding the material, so that the material can be formed into a pellet and fall below the pressing bin. The volume in the mounting groove can be changed by adjusting the radial sliding of the adjustment component along the extrusion roller. The size of the pellet after pressing can be adjusted according to different concentrate materials and process requirements, thereby improving the adaptability of the equipment, so that the equipment can adjust the pellet without changing the mold, thereby improving the production efficiency of the equipment. The die on the mold roller is squeezed by the sliding of the extrusion plate, thereby improving the molding effect of the concentrate material and improving the pressing efficiency of the pellet pressing equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the pressing device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the pressing device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure inside the pressing chamber of the pressing equipment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the extrusion roller and the mold roller in the pressing device of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the extrusion roller and its interior in the pressing device of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure inside the squeezing roller in the pressing device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first screw rod and the adjustment assembly in the pressing device of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the pneumatic slip ring and the adjustment component in the pressing equipment of the present invention.

[0040] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the adjusting component in the pressing device of the present invention.

[0041] Fig.10 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0042] The numbers in the figure are:

[0043] 1-pressing chamber; 11-cleaning assembly; 111-cleaning roller; 112-cleaning brush; 12-recovery tank; 13-filter screen; 14-drive shaft; 141-gear ring; 142-second rotary drive motor; 143-synchronous belt; 2-mold roller; 21-die; 3-squeeze roller; 31-installation slot; 32-adjustment assembly; 321-squeeze plate; 3211-bellows; 322-support plate; 3221-support rod; 3222-air hole; 322 3-adjustment plate; 3224-air pipe; 323-first slider; 3231-first rotating ring; 3232-first connecting rod; 324-first screw rod; 3241-guide rod; 3242-first rotary drive motor; 325-second slider; 3251-second rotating ring; 3252-second connecting rod; 326-pneumatic slip ring; 3261-connector; 3262-first connecting pipe; 3263-second connecting pipe; 3264-avoidance hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0045] The electrolytic aluminum waste treatment process of the present invention adopts the following steps:

[0046] (1) mixing the red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate and the binder uniformly, pressing and drying them to form red mud pellets;

[0047] (2) crushing and drying the waste cathode of electrolytic aluminum to produce waste cathode carbon powder;

[0048] (3) mixing the red mud pellets with the waste cathode carbon powder and the reducing agent and then performing a calcination reaction at a reaction temperature of 1200-1300° C. and a reduction holding time of 10-14 hours to obtain sponge iron pellets after the reduction reaction;

[0049] (4) melting the sponge iron pellets prepared in step (3) at 1500-1700° C., separating the slag from the iron, and obtaining iron blocks and slag;

[0050] The pressing equipment used in the pressing process of the red mud magnetic separation iron ore concentrate pellets in step (1) is as follows: Figures 1 to 5 As shown, it includes a pressing chamber 1 and a mold roller 2, an extrusion roller 3 and two cleaning components 11 arranged in the pressing chamber 1. The mold roller 2 and the extrusion roller 3 are arranged in the pressing chamber 1 to rotate side by side, and the mold roller 2 and the extrusion roller 3 rotate toward the side close to each other; the extrusion roller 3 is provided with a plurality of groups of mounting grooves 31 arranged along its axial direction, and each group of mounting grooves 31 is equidistantly around the axis of the extrusion roller 3, and each mounting groove 31 is provided with an extrusion plate 321 sliding along the radial direction of the extrusion roller 3; each group of mounting grooves 31 is provided with an adjustment component 32 for adjusting the volume size in the mounting groove 31, the adjustment component 32 can slide along the radial direction of the extrusion roller 3, and all the extrusion plates 321 are installed on the adjustment component 32; the mold roller 2 is provided with the same number of concave molds 21 as the mounting grooves 31 and corresponding to each other; the two cleaning components 11 are respectively located on the side where the mold roller 2 and the extrusion roller 3 are away from each other, and the two cleaning components 11 are used to clean the concave mold 21 and the mounting groove 31 respectively.

[0051] The material is dropped from the top of the mold roller 2 and the extrusion roller 3 so that the material enters between the mold roller 2 and the extrusion roller 3. When the mold roller 2 and the extrusion roller 3 rotate toward one side close to each other, when the concave die 21 on the mold roller 2 and the mounting groove 31 on the extrusion roller 3 are located on the same horizontal line, the concave die 21 on the mold roller 2 and the mounting groove 31 on the extrusion roller 3 will form a storage bin for extruding the concentrated mineral material, so that the concentrated mineral material can form a pellet and fall below the pressing bin 1. Before pressing, the volume of the mounting groove 31 needs to be adjusted according to different mineral materials or processes. The volume of the mounting groove 31 is changed by sliding the adjustment component 32 along the radial direction of the extrusion roller 3. The volume can be adjusted according to different concentrated mineral materials and process requirements for the size of the pellets after pressing, thereby improving the adaptability of the equipment, so that the equipment can adjust the pellets without changing the mold, thereby improving the production efficiency of the equipment. Through the setting of the extrusion plate 321, the extrusion plate 321 slides along the radial direction of the extrusion roller 3 to extrude the concave die 21 on the mold roller 2, thereby improving the forming effect of the concentrated mineral materials and improving the pressing efficiency of the pellet pressing equipment. Since the extrusion plate 321 is installed on the adjustment component 32, after the adjustment component 32 adjusts its position, it is necessary to change the pressure of the extrusion plate 321 on the concave die 21 to ensure the stability of the equipment operation.

[0052] like Figures 2 to 9 As shown: the adjustment component 32 includes a support plate 322, a plurality of support rods 3221 and a plurality of adjustment plates 3223. The number of the adjustment plates 3223 is the same as the number of the mounting grooves 31 on the same axis and corresponds one to one. The adjustment plates 3223 can be slidably arranged in the mounting grooves 31. The support plate 322 extends along the axial direction of the extrusion roller 3. The number of the support rods 3221 is the same as the number of the adjustment plates 3223 and corresponds one to one. The two ends of the plurality of support rods 3221 are fixedly connected to the support plate 322 and the adjustment plate 3223 respectively.

[0053] The adjustment plate 3223 is slid along the installation groove 31 to change the size of the volume in the installation groove 31. The plurality of support rods 3221 are provided so that the adjustment plate 3223 can be better driven by the support rods 3221. The support plate 322 is provided so that the plurality of support rods 3221 can be driven simultaneously by moving the support rod 3221. The movement of the support rod 3221 drives the movement of the adjustment plate 3223 to change the size of the volume in the installation groove 31.

[0054] like Figures 2 to 9As shown: a first slider 323 capable of sliding along its axial direction is arranged in the center of the extrusion roller 3, a first rotating ring 3231 rotatably connected thereto is arranged on the first slider 323, the first rotating ring 3231 is provided with the same number of first connecting rods 3232 as the adjusting assembly 32 and corresponding to each other in one to one, and both ends of the first connecting rods 3232 are respectively hinged to the support plate 322 and the first rotating ring 3231.

[0055] The first slider 323 slides along the axial direction of the squeezing roller 3, thereby driving the first rotating ring 3231 connected to the rotation, and the first rotating ring 3231 drives the first connecting rod 3232, thereby driving the support plate 322 hinged to the first connecting rod 3232 to move, so that the support plate 322 slides along the radial direction of the squeezing roller 3, thereby driving the movement of the support rod 3221 located on the support plate 322, and the movement of the support rod 3221 drives the movement of the adjustment plate 3223, thereby changing the size of the volume in the installation groove 31, and the first rotating ring 3231 is connected to the first slider 323 through rotation, so that the squeezing roller 3 will not be affected when rotating and the adjustment plate 3223 in the installation groove 31 can still be controlled, thereby improving the stability of the equipment.

[0056] like Figures 2 to 9 As shown: a first screw rod 324 and two guide rods 3241 are arranged in the center of the extrusion roller 3, the first screw rod 324 is rotatably arranged in the pressing bin 1 in a horizontal state, and the axis of the first screw rod 324 is coaxially arranged with the axis of the extrusion roller 3, the two guide rods 3241 are respectively located on both sides of the first screw rod 324, and the axes of the two guide rods 3241 are parallel to the axis of the first screw rod 324, the first slider 323 is sleeved on the first screw rod 324 and the two guide rods 3241, the first slider 323 is threadedly matched with the first screw rod 324, the first slider 323 is slidably matched with the guide rods 3241, and a first rotary drive motor 3242 for driving the first screw rod 324 to rotate is also arranged on the pressing bin 1.

[0057] By starting the first rotation drive motor 3242, the first rotation drive motor 3242 drives the first screw rod 324 connected to it to rotate, and the rotation of the first screw rod 324 drives the first slider 323 threadedly matched with it to move, so that the first slider 323 slides along the axial direction of the two guide rods 3241, thereby driving the first rotating ring 3231 located on the first slider 323, and driving the first connecting rod 3232 to move through the first rotating ring 3231, and driving the adjustment assembly 32 to move through the first connecting rod 3232, and the volume in the mounting groove 31 is changed through the adjustment assembly 32, thereby improving the adaptability of the equipment.

[0058] like Figures 2 to 9As shown: the threads at both ends of the first screw rod 324 are arranged opposite to each other, and the first screw rod 324 and the two guide rods 3241 are also provided with a second slider 325 which is mirror-symmetrical to the first slider 323, and the second slider 325 is provided with a second rotating ring 3251 rotatably connected thereto, and the second rotating ring 3251 is provided with second connecting rods 3252 which are the same in number and correspond one to one with the adjusting assembly 32, and the two ends of the second connecting rod 3252 are respectively hinged to the support plate 322 and the second rotating ring 3251.

[0059] The threads at both ends of the first screw rod 324 are arranged in opposite directions, so that when the first rotary drive motor 3242 drives the first screw rod 324 to rotate, the first screw rod 324 can simultaneously drive the first slider 323 and the second slider 325 to slide relative to each other along the two guide rods 3241, thereby driving the first rotating ring 3231 and the second rotating ring 3251. The movement of the first rotating ring 3231 and the second rotating ring 3251 drives the first connecting rod 3232 and the second connecting rod 3252 hinged thereto, thereby driving the support plate 322 hinged thereto. The above method can effectively improve the structural strength of the equipment, make the force on the equipment more uniform during operation, and help to extend the service life of the equipment.

[0060] like Figures 2 to 10 As shown: the support rods 3221 are all hollow structures, the support plate 322 and the adjustment plate 3223 are both provided with air holes 3222 connected to the two ends of the support rod 3221, the air holes 3222 on the support plate 322 are connected to an external air source, the adjustment plate 3223 is provided with a bellows 3211 that can be telescoped along the mounting groove 31, and the extrusion plate 321 is fixedly connected to the bellows 3211.

[0061] By ventilating the air holes 3222, the gas will enter the bellows 3211 between the adjustment plate 3223 and the extrusion plate 321 through the support rod 3221. The continuous introduction of gas will drive the bellows 3211 to extend along the mounting groove 31, thereby driving the extrusion plate 321 to slide toward the die 21, thereby extruding the refined mineral material. This helps to improve the forming effect and efficiency of the pellets. By pneumatic means, the extrusion force of the die 21 only needs to be adjusted by the air pressure, which makes it convenient to change the extrusion force of the extrusion plate 321 at any time and facilitates operation.

[0062] like Figures 2 to 10As shown: an air pipe 3224 connected to the air holes 3222 on all the support plates 322 is provided on the support plate 322, a pneumatic slip ring 326 is provided on the two guide rods 3241, the pneumatic slip ring 326 is provided with joints 3261 the same number as the air pipes 3224 and corresponding one to one, a first connecting pipe 3262 is provided between the joint 3261 and the air pipe 3224, a avoidance hole 3264 for avoiding the first screw rod 324 is provided in the center of the pneumatic slip ring 326, and a second connecting pipe 3263 connected to an external air source is provided on the pneumatic slip ring 326.

[0063] The external gas is introduced into the pneumatic slip ring 326 through the second connecting pipe 3263, and the gas is introduced into the first connecting pipe 3262 through the joint 3261 through the pneumatic slip ring 326, and the gas is introduced into the air pipe 3224 through the first connecting pipe 3262, and then the gas is introduced into the support rods 3221 on each support plate 322 through the air pipe 3224, and then introduced into the bellows 3211 through the air hole 3222 at the other end of the support rod 3221, thereby driving the extrusion plate 321 on the mounting groove 31 to move toward the concave mold 21 slides sideways, thereby playing the role of extruding the concentrated mineral material. Through the setting of the pneumatic slip ring 326, the equipment can control the extrusion plates 321 in different groups of installation grooves 31 respectively, thereby improving the convenience of operation. At the same time, since the extrusion roller 3 and the mold roller 2 rotate continuously, through the setting of the pneumatic slip ring 326, the first connecting pipe 3262 will not be entangled together due to the rotation of the extrusion roller 3, thereby improving the stability of the operation of the equipment. Through the setting of the avoidance hole 3264, the installation of the pneumatic slip ring 326 is convenient.

[0064] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the two cleaning assemblies 11 each include a cleaning roller 111 and a plurality of cleaning brushes 112 arranged along the axial direction of the cleaning roller 111 , and the cleaning rollers 111 of the two cleaning assemblies 11 are respectively connected to the squeezing roller 3 and the mold roller 2 by transmission.

[0065] The rotation of the squeezing roller 3 and the mold roller 2 drives the cleaning rollers 111 of the two cleaning assemblies 11 to rotate, and the rotation of the cleaning roller 111 drives the rotation of multiple cleaning brushes 112. The cleaning brushes 112 clean the die 21 on the mold roller 2 and the mounting groove 31 on the squeezing roller 3, thereby reducing the problem of mineral material remaining in the mounting groove 31 or the die 21 and causing subsequent unstable molding. Since there is a sliding squeezing plate 321 in the mounting groove 31, it is easier for mineral material to remain. In order to improve the cleaning effect of the mounting groove 31, a sensor can be arranged in the pressing bin 1. When the squeezing roller 3 drives the mounting groove 31 to move to the side of the cleaning assembly 11, the sensor can transmit a signal to the controller at the rear end, and the controller transmits the electrical signal to the squeezing plate 321, so that the squeezing plate 321 can be ejected outward along the mounting groove 31, so as to achieve the purpose of being better cleaned by the cleaning roller 111 and improve the cleaning effect.

[0066] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown: a recovery tank 12 is provided at the bottom of the pressing bin 1, and an inclined filter screen 13 is provided at the top of the recovery tank 12.

[0067] By setting the recovery trough 12, the powder in the process of pressing the concentrate can be recovered by the mold roller 2 and the extrusion roller 3. By setting the filter screen 13, the powder will fall into the recovery trough 12, and the pellets will be guided to the outside of the pressing bin 1 along the inclined filter screen 13. The recovered powder will be transported to the top of the pressing bin 1 again and pressed into agglomerates by the mold roller 2 and the extrusion roller 3, thereby reducing material waste and improving material utilization efficiency.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown: a gear ring 141 fixedly connected to the extrusion roller 3 and the mold roller 2 is provided on one end thereof, and the gear rings 141 of the extrusion roller 3 and the mold roller 2 are meshingly connected, a driving shaft 14 parallel to the axis of the extrusion roller 3 is provided at the bottom of the pressing bin 1, a second rotary driving motor 142 for driving the driving shaft 14 to rotate is provided at one end thereof, and a synchronous belt 143 is provided between the driving shaft 14 and the extrusion roller 3.

[0069] By starting the second rotary drive motor 142, the second rotary drive motor 142 drives the rotation of the drive shaft 14 connected thereto, and the rotation of the drive shaft 14 drives the rotation of the synchronous belt 143, and the rotation of the synchronous belt 143 drives the rotation of the extrusion roller 3, and the rotation of the extrusion roller 3 drives the rotation of the gear ring 141 fixedly connected thereto, and since the gear ring 141 of the mold roller 2 is meshed with the gear ring 141 of the extrusion roller 3, the extrusion roller 3 and the mold roller 2 can rotate toward each other, thereby driving the concentrated mineral material between the two to be extruded, so that the concentrated mineral material is pressed into shape.

[0070] Specifically, the red mud magnetically separated iron concentrate described in step (1) is waste generated by the alumina industry; and the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode described in step (2) is waste generated by the aluminum electrolysis industry.

[0071] Specifically, the mass ratio of the red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate and the binder in step (1) is 100:(1-1.2); the mass ratio of the red mud pellets, waste cathode carbon powder and limestone in step (3) is 100:(55-65):(8-12).

[0072] The processing technology of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments:

[0073] Example 1

[0074] A process for treating electrolytic aluminum waste, comprising the following steps:

[0075] (1) mixing the red mud magnetic iron concentrate and the organic binder in a mass ratio of 100:1.2, pressing and forming the red mud pellets using the above-mentioned pressing equipment, and drying the pellets to a moisture content of 2%;

[0076] (2) The waste cathode carbon blocks of electrolytic aluminum are crushed into 3 mm and then dried to produce waste cathode carbon powder;

[0077] (3) mixing red mud pellets with waste cathode carbon powder and limestone in a mass ratio of 100:55:8 for calcination reaction at a reaction temperature of 1200° C. for a reaction time of 14 h, and obtaining sponge iron pellets after reduction;

[0078] (4) Sponge iron pellets are melted at 1500°C, and after separation of slag and iron, iron blocks and slag are obtained. The slag is rich in alumina and is used as a raw material for the cement industry.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] A process for treating electrolytic aluminum waste, comprising the following steps:

[0081] (1) mixing the red mud magnetic iron concentrate and the organic binder in a mass ratio of 100:1.1, pressing and forming the red mud pellets using the above-mentioned pressing equipment, and drying the pellets to a moisture content of 2%;

[0082] (2) The waste cathode carbon blocks of aluminum electrolysis are crushed into 15 mm and then dried to produce waste cathode carbon powder;

[0083] (3) mixing red mud pellets with waste cathode carbon powder and limestone in a mass ratio of 100:65:12 for calcination reaction at a reaction temperature of 1300° C. for a reaction time of 10 h, and obtaining sponge iron pellets after reduction;

[0084] (4) Sponge iron pellets are melted at 1700°C, and after separation of slag and iron, iron blocks and slag are obtained. The slag is rich in alumina and is used as a raw material for the cement industry.

[0085] Example 3

[0086] A process for treating electrolytic aluminum waste, comprising the following steps:

[0087] (1) mixing the red mud magnetic iron concentrate and the organic binder in a mass ratio of 100:1, pressing and forming the red mud pellets using the above-mentioned pressing equipment, and drying the pellets to a moisture content of 2%;

[0088] (2) The waste cathode carbon blocks of aluminum electrolysis are crushed into 10 mm and then dried to produce waste cathode carbon powder;

[0089] (3) mixing red mud pellets with waste cathode carbon powder and limestone in a mass ratio of 10:6:1 for roasting reaction at a reaction temperature of 1200° C. for a reaction time of 12 h, and obtaining sponge iron pellets after reduction;

[0090] (4) Sponge iron pellets are melted at 1600°C, and after separation of slag and iron, iron blocks and slag are obtained. The slag is rich in alumina and is used as a raw material for the cement industry.

[0091] The present invention is further described above with the aid of specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific description here should not be construed as limiting the essence and scope of the present invention. Various modifications made to the above embodiments by ordinary technicians in the field after reading this specification are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for treating electrolytic aluminum waste, characterized in that: Use the following steps: (1) mixing the red mud magnetic iron concentrate and the binder uniformly, pressing and drying them to form red mud pellets; (2) Crushing and drying the waste cathode of electrolytic aluminum to produce waste cathode carbon powder; (3) mixing the red mud pellets with the waste cathode carbon powder and the reducing agent and performing a calcination reaction at a reaction temperature of 1200-1300° C. for a reaction time of 10-14 hours to obtain sponge iron pellets; (4) melting the sponge iron pellets prepared in step (3) at 1500-1700° C., separating the slag from the iron, and obtaining iron blocks and molten slag; The pressing equipment used in the pressing process of the red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate in step (1) comprises a pressing chamber and a mold roller, an extrusion roller and two cleaning components arranged in the pressing chamber, wherein the mold roller and the extrusion roller are arranged to rotate side by side in the pressing chamber, and the mold roller and the extrusion roller both rotate toward a side close to each other; The squeezing roller is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves arranged along the axis direction thereof, and each group of mounting grooves is equidistantly surrounding the axis of the squeezing roller, and each mounting groove is provided with a squeezing plate sliding along the radial direction of the squeezing roller; Each group of mounting grooves is provided with an adjusting assembly for adjusting the volume in the mounting grooves. The adjusting assembly can slide along the radial direction of the squeezing roller, and all squeezing plates are installed on the adjusting assembly. The mold roller is provided with concave molds which are the same in number as the installation grooves and correspond one to one; The two cleaning assemblies are respectively located on the sides of the mold roller and the extrusion roller that are away from each other, and the two cleaning assemblies are used to clean the concave mold and the mounting groove respectively; The adjustment assembly includes a support plate, a plurality of support rods and a plurality of adjustment plates. The number of the adjustment plates is the same as the number of the mounting grooves on the same axis and corresponds one to one. The adjustment plates can be slidably arranged in the mounting grooves. The support plate extends along the axis direction of the squeezing roller. The number of the support rods is the same as the number of the adjustment plates and corresponds one to one. Both ends of the plurality of support rods are fixedly connected to the support plate and the adjustment plate respectively. A first slider capable of sliding along its axis is arranged at the center of the squeezing roller, a first rotating ring rotatably connected to the first slider is arranged on the first sliding slider, the first rotating ring is provided with first connecting rods having the same number as the adjusting components and corresponding to each other, and both ends of the first connecting rods are respectively hinged to the support plate and the first rotating ring; A first screw and two guide rods are arranged in the center of the extrusion roller. The first screw is horizontally and rotatably arranged in the pressing bin, and the axis of the first screw is coaxially arranged with the axis of the extrusion roller. The two guide rods are respectively located on both sides of the first screw, and the axes of the two guide rods are parallel to the axis of the first screw. The first slider is sleeved on the first screw and the two guide rods. The first slider is threadedly matched with the first screw, and the first slider is slidably matched with the guide rods. The pressing bin is also provided with a first rotary drive motor for driving the first screw to rotate; The threads at both ends of the first screw rod are arranged oppositely, and a second slider which is mirror-symmetrical to the first slider is sleeved on the first screw rod and the two guide rods, and a second rotating ring which is rotatably connected thereto is arranged on the second slider, and the second rotating ring is provided with second connecting rods which are the same in number and correspond one to one with the adjusting components, and the two ends of the second connecting rods are respectively hinged to the support plate and the second rotating ring; The support rods are all hollow structures, the support plate and the adjustment plate are both provided with air holes connected to the two ends of the support rods, the air holes on the support plate are connected to the external air source, the adjustment plate is provided with a bellows that can be extended and retracted along the installation groove, and the extrusion plate is fixedly connected to the bellows; An air pipe connected with all the air holes on the support plates is arranged on the support plate, a pneumatic slip ring is arranged on the two guide rods, the pneumatic slip ring is provided with joints having the same number as the air pipes and corresponding to each other, a first connecting pipe is arranged between the joint and the air pipe, an avoidance hole for avoiding the first screw rod is arranged in the center of the pneumatic slip ring, and a second connecting pipe connected with an external air source is arranged on the pneumatic slip ring.

2. The electrolytic aluminum waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The red mud magnetic separation iron concentrate described in step (1) is waste generated by the alumina industry; the electrolytic aluminum waste cathode described in step (2) is waste generated by the aluminum electrolysis industry.

3. The electrolytic aluminum waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the red mud magnetically separated iron concentrate to the binder in step (1) is 100:(1-1.2); the mass ratio of the red mud pellets, waste cathode carbon powder and limestone in step (3) is 100:(55-65):(8-12).

4. The electrolytic aluminum waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two cleaning components each comprise a cleaning roller and a plurality of cleaning brushes arranged along the axis direction of the cleaning roller. The cleaning rollers of the two cleaning components are respectively connected to the squeezing roller and the mold roller by transmission.

5. The electrolytic aluminum waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: A recovery tank is arranged at the bottom of the pressing bin, and an inclined filter screen is arranged at the top of the recovery tank.

6. The electrolytic aluminum waste treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gear ring fixedly connected to the extrusion roller and the mold roller is provided on one end thereof, and the gear rings of the extrusion roller and the mold roller are meshingly connected. A driving shaft parallel to the axis of the extrusion roller is provided at the bottom of the pressing bin, and a second rotary driving motor for driving the driving shaft to rotate is provided at one end thereof, and a synchronous belt is provided between the driving shaft and the extrusion roller.

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