A method and application of promoting oyster fertility in factories

Abstract

The present invention discloses a factory-based fattening method and application of oysters, the fattening method comprising the following steps: placing adult oysters to be fattened in fattening water, feeding compound feeds for fattening management by gradually adjusting the water temperature, and harvesting after reaching the target fatness; the compound feeds include one or more of unicellular algae, fermented soybean meal powder, and fermented peanut meal powder. The present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned fattening method in fattening diploid oysters and / or triploid oysters. The present invention innovatively applies the fermentation process to oyster fattening for the first time, and maximizes the environmental suitability during the oyster fattening process, thereby improving the fattening effect of oysters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to an industrialized oyster fattening method and application. Background Art

[0002] Oysters are the largest marine aquaculture shellfish in my country, with a production of 6.2 million tons, accounting for 40% of the total production of marine aquaculture shellfish in my country. They are a high-quality source of "blue protein" and an important supplement to national food security. The industry characteristics of open water aquaculture and filter feeding without feeding determine that the fatness of oysters is limited by the nutritional conditions of the sea area. Against the background of global climate change, the structure of nearshore marine phytoplankton has changed significantly, and its abundance and diversity, as well as the main oyster bait algae represented by diatoms, have all shown a downward trend. At the same time, the scale of oyster aquaculture in my country has continued to expand. Since 2008, the oyster aquaculture area has increased by 101.9% and the output has increased by 73.5%. The nutritional conditions in the main oyster breeding areas can no longer support the normal growth of such a large number of oysters. Large-scale continuous weight loss, delayed listing and large-scale death are common, resulting in an imbalance in the market supply and demand of high-quality oysters, losses for farmers, and serious impact on the healthy and sustainable development of the oyster industry.

[0003] In view of the increasing difficulty of fattening oysters in the sea area, the development of key technologies for land-based factory-based oyster fattening is an important way to quickly improve the fatness of oysters, solve the shortage of high-quality oysters and promote the healthy development of the industry through sea-land relay farming. It is also an urgent need to promote the modernization, transformation and upgrading of the industry under the guidance of the big food concept. Existing technologies have disclosed the research on the use of soybean meal powder and taro powder to promote oyster fattening. Oysters have low feeding and conversion efficiency for terrestrial feeds, and most of them are excreted in the form of pseudo-feces. The reason is that the large-particle protein and lipid structure of terrestrial feeds are very different from the marine microalgae that oysters like to eat, and it is difficult for oysters to effectively decompose and utilize the protein and lipids from terrestrial feeds.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a technical process for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale by utilizing fermented soybean meal powder and fermented peanut meal powder in combination with an innovative stress-free feeding strategy for oysters is a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an industrialized oyster fattening promotion method and application.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrialized manner comprises the following steps:

[0008] Place the adult oysters that need to be fattened in fattening water, feed them with compound feeds by gradually adjusting the water temperature, and harvest them after reaching the target fatness;

[0009] The compound feed comprises one or more of unicellular algae, fermented soybean meal powder and fermented peanut meal powder.

[0010] Beneficial effects: The applicant compared fermentation, enzymolysis and other technical means, and found that fermentation can not only degrade macromolecular proteins and lipids, increase the content of free amino acids and fatty acids, but also lubricate feed particles, make the particles rounded, and reduce the average particle size by 10%. By comparing the nutritional components of soybean meal and fermented soybean meal, it was found that the free amino acids in fermented soybean meal increased by 85.3% compared with unfermented soybean meal, and the fatty acid content increased by 36.88%, of which saturated fatty acids increased by 59.51%, monounsaturated fatty acids increased by 99.86%, polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by 14%, and essential fatty acids increased by 10.21%; by comparing fermented and unfermented peanut meal, it was found that the free amino acids in fermented peanut meal increased by 77.3%, the fatty acid content increased by 25.83%, of which saturated fatty acids increased by 33.14%, monounsaturated fatty acids increased by 25.03%, polyunsaturated fatty acids increased by 21.99%, and essential fatty acids increased by 19.94%. These increased amino acids and fatty acids are obtained by fermentation and decomposition of macromolecular proteins and lipids, and are small molecular nutrients that can be directly absorbed and utilized by oysters.

[0011] The present invention innovatively applies the fermentation process to oyster fattening for the first time, degrading terrestrial macromolecular feed into easily absorbable small molecules, reducing the oyster's rejection of terrestrial feed, and improving the feeding rate and conversion rate; in addition, the present invention proposes a gradual transition strategy between the seawater environment and the feeding of compound feed in oyster fattening, giving the oysters a sufficient adaptation process, maximizing the environmental suitability in the oyster fattening process, and improving the oyster fattening effect.

[0012] Preferably, the adult oysters that need fattening are cleaned immediately after being brought ashore from the sea area to remove sediment and other attachments on the surface, and dead or dying oysters are removed without breaking the individual oysters.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilizer-promoting water is placed in a factory-based fertilizer-promoting pool with shading and heat preservation facilities, and the water volume is not less than 20m 3 .

[0014] Preferably, the density of adult oysters during the fattening management process is not higher than 15 kg / m 3 .

[0015] Preferably, the fattening water is sand-filtered seawater or sand-filtered well water, and the salinity is consistent with the growth sea area of ​​the adult oysters to be fattened, and the fattening water is continuously aerated during the fattening management process.

[0016] Preferably, the stepwise adjustment of water temperature specifically comprises the following steps:

[0017] When oysters enter the fattening water, the water temperature is kept consistent with seawater and left to stand for 12 hours. Then, the temperature is gradually raised or lowered to 10-18°C through water changes within 48 hours and kept relatively constant. After that, fattening management is carried out at this constant temperature, and the temperature fluctuation does not exceed 1°C.

[0018] More preferably, the water temperature when oysters enter fattening water is adaptively adjusted according to different seasons, and the water temperature when oysters enter fattening management is more preferably 13-15°C.

[0019] More preferably, the water is changed 1 to 2 times a day, 100% of the water each time, and the bottom of the pond is rinsed before adding new water to remove dead or dying oysters.

[0020] Beneficial effects: Environmental stress is an important cause of stress and even death in oysters. The applicant first conducted annual tracking of oysters cultured in the sea area and found that when the daily temperature difference exceeds 1.6°C during the high temperature period, oysters will experience strong physiological stress, which can cause large-scale death if it lasts for 1 week. It can be seen that oysters are very sensitive to environmental changes. Comparative experiments have found that the rapid change in bait type and abundance will reduce the environmental adaptability of oysters. The acute stress caused by insufficient adaptation will cause oysters to stop eating and become emaciated in a short period of time. Long-term insufficient adaptation may cause death. Therefore, improving the adaptability of oysters as much as possible is one of the keys to achieving short-term land-based fattening. The above-mentioned fattening water temperature control method of the present invention can provide an adaptive environment for the fattening of oysters, improve the adaptability of oysters to the environment, and thereby reduce the occurrence of oyster stress or death caused by environmental stress.

[0021] Preferably, the unicellular algae is one or more of Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros hornwort or Phaeochromis triangularis, and the concentration is not less than 10 6 cells / mL.

[0022] Preferably, the method for preparing the fermented soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder comprises the following steps:

[0023] The soybean meal powder or peanut meal powder is mixed with 35-40° C. fresh water and yeast powder in a weight ratio of 1:2:0.1, stirred evenly and allowed to stand and ferment for 1 hour to obtain the fermented soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder.

[0024] Preferably, the maximum particle size of the soybean meal powder or peanut meal powder does not exceed 20 μm.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The soybean meal and peanut meal components of the composite feed provided by the present invention are sufficient in source, non-toxic and harmless, and low in cost. The fermentation technology and process are mature. The feed combination can partially or completely replace unicellular algae, reducing the investment in artificial cultivation facilities, water and electricity costs of unicellular algae, and has broad application prospects.

[0026] Preferably, the compound feed feeding method comprises the following steps:

[0027] Adult oysters were fed 12 hours after entering the pond, and were fed 6 times a day. First, 20L of unicellular algae + 15g of fermented soybean meal + 15g of fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time, and feeding continued for 2 days; then, 10L of unicellular algae + 25g of fermented soybean meal + 25g of fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time, and feeding continued for 5 days; then, 35g of fermented soybean meal + 35g of fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time, until the target fertility was reached.

[0028] Beneficial effects: The factory-based fattening technology and process for oysters provided by the present invention fully considers the biological characteristics of oyster growth, and makes a gradual change based on the sensitivity of oysters to water temperature and bait. In the early stage of fattening, the difference between the fattening conditions for oysters and the environment of the aquaculture sea area, especially the water quality conditions such as water temperature and salinity, is minimized. At the same time, a high proportion of natural bait (monocyst algae) suitable for oysters is fed to reduce the stress response of oysters caused by the change of environment (including bait); then the proportion of natural bait (monocyst algae) is gradually reduced, and the proportion of terrestrial feed (fermented soybean meal powder and fermented peanut meal powder) is increased, and the acceptance of oysters to terrestrial feed is gradually improved, until the terrestrial feed completely replaces the natural bait. In the early and middle stages of fattening, the purpose of a high proportion of natural bait (monocyst algae) is to attract food and promote oysters to open their mouths for feeding; in the middle and late stages, a high proportion of terrestrial feed is the main nutrient contributor to the growth of oysters and the rapid increase in fatness.

[0029] Preferably, when feeding, the fermented soybean meal powder and the fermented peanut meal powder are rubbed through a 300-mesh sieve, and the unfiltered part is discarded.

[0030] The invention discloses an oyster factory fattening method and its application in fattening diploid oysters and / or triploid oysters.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0032] The present invention provides a method for promoting fattening of oysters in an industrialized manner. After the oysters in the present invention are transferred from the aquaculture sea area to the industrialized fattening pond, the aquaculture water environment is gradually transformed, giving the oysters a process of fully adapting to environmental changes, thereby improving the environmental suitability of the oysters in the process of promoting fattening. At the same time, the present invention ferments the terrestrial feed, degrades the macromolecules into small molecules edible by oysters, lubricates the feed particles, reduces the oysters' rejection of the terrestrial feed, and improves the feeding rate. In addition, the compound feed formula and the feeding method in the present invention are optimally adjusted in combination with the biological characteristics of oysters, with unicellular algae as the main feed in the early stage of feeding, and fermented soybean meal powder and fermented peanut powder as the main feed in the later stage, or completely replacing the unicellular algae, giving the oysters a process of adapting to the terrestrial feed, thereby improving the feed adaptability and conversion rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 Comparison of the metabolic rates of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4;

[0035] Figure 2 Comparison of suspended particles in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0038] A method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrialized manner comprises the following steps:

[0039] Place the adult oysters that need to be fattened in fattening water, feed them with compound feeds by gradually adjusting the water temperature, and harvest them after reaching the target fatness;

[0040] The compound feed comprises one or more of unicellular algae, fermented soybean meal powder and fermented peanut meal powder.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the adult oysters that need fattening are immediately cleaned after being brought ashore from the sea area to remove surface sediment and other attachments, and dead or dying oysters are removed without breaking the individual oysters.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the fertilizer-promoting water is placed in a factory-based fertilizer-promoting pool with shading and heat preservation facilities, and the water volume is not less than 20m 3 .

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the density of adult oysters during the fattening management process is no higher than 15 kg / m 3 .

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the fattening water is sand-filtered seawater or sand-filtered well water, and the salinity is consistent with the sea area where adult oysters that need fattening are grown, and the fattening water is continuously aerated during the fattening management process.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the stepwise adjustment of water temperature specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] When oysters enter the fattening water, the water temperature is kept consistent with seawater and left to stand for 12 hours. Then, the temperature is gradually raised or lowered to 10-18°C through water changes within 48 hours and kept relatively constant. After that, fattening management is carried out at this constant temperature, and the temperature fluctuation does not exceed 1°C.

[0047] In a more preferred embodiment, the water temperature of the oysters when entering the fattening water is adaptively adjusted according to the seasons, and the water temperature of the oysters when entering the fattening management is more preferably 13-15°C.

[0048] In a more preferred embodiment, the water is changed 1 to 2 times a day, with 100% of the water being changed each time, and the bottom of the pond is rinsed before adding new water, and dead or dying oysters are removed.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the unicellular algae is one or more of Nitzschia closterium, Chaetoceros hornwort or Phaeochromis triangularis, and the concentration is not less than 10 6 cells / mL.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the method for preparing the fermented soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder comprises the following steps:

[0051] The soybean meal or peanut meal powder is mixed with 35-40° C. fresh water and yeast powder in a weight ratio of 1:2:0.1, stirred evenly and allowed to stand and ferment for 1 hour to obtain the fermented soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the maximum particle size of the soybean meal or peanut meal powder does not exceed 20 μm.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the method for feeding the compound feed comprises the following steps:

[0054] Adult oysters were fed 12 hours after entering the pond, and were fed 6 times a day. First, 20L of unicellular algae + 15g of fermented soybean meal + 15g of fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time, and the feeding continued for 2 days; then, 10L of unicellular algae + 25g of fermented soybean meal + 25g of fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time, and the feeding continued for 5 days; then, 35g of fermented soybean meal + 35g of fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time until the target fertility was reached;

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, when feeding, the fermented soybean meal powder and the fermented peanut meal powder are rubbed through a 300-mesh sieve, and the unfiltered portion is discarded.

[0056] The invention discloses an oyster factory fattening method and its application in fattening diploid oysters and / or triploid oysters.

[0057] The meat yield of oysters in the embodiment of the present invention is calculated according to the following formula:

[0058] Meat yield = oyster wet meat weight / total oyster wet weight.

[0059] The raw materials in the examples of the present invention were purchased from commercial sources.

[0060] Unless otherwise specified, normal temperature or room temperature in the embodiments of the present invention refers to 25±3°C.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] A method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrialized manner comprises the following steps:

[0063] (1) On March 5, 2024, triploid long oysters cultured in the Xiaoqingdao sea area of ​​Rushan were taken, with an average weight of 182.95g. The surface attachments were cleaned, and the dead or dying individuals were removed. 30 oysters were taken to determine the meat yield before fattening. First, each oyster was weighed to obtain the total wet weight of the oyster; then each oyster was shelled from the side, the soft part of the oyster was peeled off from the shell, the precipitated water was discarded, and the weight was recorded to obtain the wet meat weight of the oyster; the ratio of the wet meat weight of the oyster to the total wet weight of the oyster was calculated, and the meat yield before fattening was 12.91%;

[0064] (2) Move 300 kg of adult oysters that need to be fattened into a 20m 3 In the factory-based fertilizer promotion pond, the fertilizer promotion pond is shaded, the fertilizer promotion water is sand-filtered seawater, the salinity is maintained at 30‰, and the fertilizer promotion water is continuously aerated. The water temperature of the oysters entering the pond is 8.5℃, and they are left to adapt to this environment for 12 hours. After that, the water is changed once a day, and 100% of the water is changed each time. After two water changes, the water temperature is maintained at 10-11℃. After that, the water temperature of the fertilizer promotion water is maintained in this range, and the bottom of the pond is cleaned every time the water is changed, and dead or dying oysters are picked out.

[0065] (3) Mix soybean meal or peanut meal powder with a maximum particle size of no more than 20 μm with 35-40°C fresh water and yeast powder in a weight ratio of 1:2:0.1, stir evenly and let it stand for more than 1 hour to ferment, and obtain fermented peanut soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder. Start feeding compound feed 12 hours after oysters enter the pond, and feed 6 times a day. The specific feeding method is: feed 400L of 2×10 6 cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 300g fermented soybean meal + 300g fermented peanut meal; 200L was fed each time from the 3rd to the 7th day with a concentration of 2×10 6 cells / mL of small crescent algae + 500g fermented soybean meal powder + 500g fermented peanut meal powder; 700g fermented soybean meal powder + 700g fermented peanut meal powder are fed each time from the 8th to the 10th day, wherein the fermented soybean meal powder and the fermented peanut meal powder are filtered by rubbing with 300 mesh silk, and the unfiltered part is discarded. The fattening is completed on the 11th day, and 30 oysters after fattening are taken and the meat yield after fattening is determined according to the method for determining the meat yield before fattening in step (1) to be 15.77%, which is 22.15% higher than that before fattening.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] A method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrialized manner comprises the following steps:

[0068] (1) On March 21, 2024, diploid long oysters cultured in Xiaoqingdao sea area of ​​Rushan were taken, with an average weight of 100.26g. The surface attachments were cleaned, and dead or dying individuals were removed. 30 oysters were taken to determine the meat yield before fattening. First, each oyster was weighed to obtain the total wet weight of the oyster; then each oyster was shelled from the side, the soft part of the oyster was peeled off from the shell, the precipitated water was discarded, and the weight was recorded to obtain the wet meat weight of the oyster; the ratio of the wet meat weight of the oyster to the total wet weight of the oyster was calculated, and the meat yield before fattening was 13.15%;

[0069] (2) Move 300 kg of adult oysters that need to be fattened into a 20m 3 In the factory-based fertilizer promotion pond, the fertilizer promotion pond is shaded, the fertilizer promotion water is sand-filtered seawater, the salinity is maintained at 30‰, and the fertilizer promotion water is continuously aerated. The water temperature of the oysters entering the pond is 10.3℃, and they are left to adapt to this environment for 12 hours. After that, the water is changed once a day, 100% of the water each time, and the fertilizer promotion water temperature is gradually raised to 12-13℃. After that, the water temperature of the fertilizer promotion water is maintained in this range, and the bottom of the pond is cleaned every time the water is changed, and dead or dying oysters are picked out.

[0070] (3) Mix soybean meal or peanut meal powder with a maximum particle size of no more than 20 μm with 35-40°C fresh water and yeast powder in a weight ratio of 1:2:0.1, stir evenly and let it stand for fermentation for more than 1 hour to obtain fermented peanut soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder. Start feeding compound feed 12 hours after oysters enter the pond, and feed 6 times a day. Specific feeding method: Feed 400L of 2×10 6 cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 300g fermented soybean meal + 300g fermented peanut meal; 200L was fed each time from the 3rd to the 7th day with a concentration of 2×10 6 cells / mL of small crescent algae + 500g fermented soybean meal powder + 500g fermented peanut meal powder; 700g fermented soybean meal powder + 700g fermented peanut meal powder are fed each time from the 8th to the 10th day. Among them, the fermented soybean meal powder and the fermented peanut meal powder are rubbed and filtered through 300 sieve silk, and the unfiltered part is discarded. The fattening is completed on the 11th day. The meat yield after fattening is determined by the method of determining the meat yield before fattening in step (1) to be 16.18%, which is 23.04% higher than that before fattening.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] A method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrialized manner comprises the following steps:

[0073] (1) On March 21, 2024, diploid long oysters cultured in Xiaoqingdao sea area of ​​Rushan were taken, with an average weight of 100.26g. The surface attachments were cleaned, and dead or dying individuals were removed. 30 oysters were taken to determine the meat yield before fattening. First, each oyster was weighed to obtain the total wet weight of the oyster; then each oyster was shelled from the side, the soft part of the oyster was peeled off from the shell, the precipitated water was discarded, and the weight was recorded to obtain the wet meat weight of the oyster; the ratio of the wet meat weight of the oyster to the total wet weight of the oyster was calculated, and the meat yield before fattening was 13.15%;

[0074] (2) Move 300 kg of adult oysters that need to be fattened into a 20m 3 In the factory-based fertilizer promotion pond, the fertilizer promotion pond is shaded, the fertilizer promotion water is sand-filtered seawater, the salinity is maintained at 30‰, and the fertilizer promotion water is continuously aerated. The water temperature of the oysters entering the pond is 10.3℃, and they are left to adapt to this environment for 12 hours. After that, the water is changed once a day, 100% of the water each time, and the fertilizer promotion water temperature is gradually raised to 12-13℃. After that, the water temperature of the fertilizer promotion water is maintained in this range, and the bottom of the pond is cleaned every time the water is changed, and dead or dying oysters are picked out.

[0075] (3) Mix soybean meal or peanut meal powder with a maximum particle size of no more than 20 μm with 35-40°C fresh water and yeast powder in a weight ratio of 1:2:0.1, stir evenly and let it stand for fermentation for more than 1 hour to obtain fermented peanut soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder. Start feeding the oysters with compound feed 12 hours after entering the pond, and feed them 6 times a day. Specific feeding method: Feed 400L of mixed unicellular algae (artificially cultured Chaetoceros hornwort, Triangular Brown Finger Algae, and Small Crescent Nitzschia in a volume ratio of 1:1:1, with a final concentration of 1.5×10 6 cells / mL) + 300g fermented soybean meal powder + 300g fermented peanut meal powder; 200L was fed each time from the 3rd to the 7th day with a concentration of 1.5×10 6 cells / mL of mixed unicellular algae + 500g fermented soybean meal powder + 500g fermented peanut meal powder; 700g fermented soybean meal powder + 700g fermented peanut meal powder are fed each time from the 8th to the 10th day. The fermented soybean meal powder and the fermented peanut meal powder are rubbed and filtered through 300 mesh silk, and the unfiltered part is discarded. The fattening is completed on the 11th day. The meat yield after fattening is determined by the method of determining the meat yield before fattening in step (1) to be 16.23%, which is 23.42% higher than before fattening.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] A method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale, using the same batch of oysters in Example 1 to promote fattening simultaneously with Example 1, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0078] The compound feed used in step (3) was replaced with unicellular algae + fermented soybean meal powder. The specific feeding method was as follows: 400L of 2×10 6 cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 600g fermented soybean meal powder; 200L was fed each time from the 3rd to the 7th day with a concentration of 2×10 6 cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 1000g of fermented soybean meal powder; 1400g of fermented soybean meal powder was fed each time from 8th to 10th day, and the other fattening operations were the same as those in Example 1.

[0079] At the end of fattening on the 11th day, 30 oysters were taken and the meat yield after fattening was determined to be 15.38%, an increase of 19.13% compared with before fattening.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] A method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale, using the same batch of oysters in Example 1 to promote fattening simultaneously with Example 1, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0082] The compound feed used in step (3) was replaced with unicellular algae + fermented peanut meal, and the feeding strategy was changed to feeding 400L of 2×10 6cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 600g of fermented peanut meal; 200L of feed was added each time from the 3rd to the 7th day at a concentration of 2×10 6 cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 1000g of fermented peanut meal; 1400g of fermented peanut meal was fed each time from 8th to 10th day, and the other fattening operations were the same as those in Example 1.

[0083] At the end of fattening on the 11th day, 30 oysters were taken and the meat yield after fattening was determined to be 14.46%, an increase of 12% compared with before fattening.

[0084] Comparative Example 3

[0085] A method for promoting fattening of oysters in an industrial scale, using the same batch of oysters in Example 2 to promote fattening simultaneously with Example 2, and the difference from Example 2 is that:

[0086] In step (2), the water temperature of the oysters entering the pond is 12.4°C, and the water temperature is not adjusted by water replacement, and the water temperature is only maintained at 12-13°C during the fattening period;

[0087] The specific feeding method in step (3) is: feed 200L of the concentration of 2×10 6 cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 500g of fermented soybean meal powder + 500g of fermented peanut meal powder, and feed them 6 times a day until the fattening is completed. The rest of the operation is the same as in Example 2.

[0088] At the end of fattening on the 11th day, 30 oysters were taken and the meat yield after fattening was determined to be 14.23%, an increase of 8.22% compared with before fattening.

[0089] Comparative Example 4

[0090] A method for promoting fattening of oysters in an industrial scale, using the same batch of oysters in Example 2 to promote fattening simultaneously with Example 2, and the difference from Example 2 is that:

[0091] The compound feed used in step (3) was replaced with unicellular algae + soybean meal powder. The specific feeding method was as follows: 400L of 2×10 6 cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 200g soybean meal powder; 200L was fed each time from the 3rd to the 7th day with a concentration of 2×10 6 cells / mL of Nitzschia closterium + 330g soybean meal powder; 470g soybean meal powder was fed each time from d 8 to 10, and the other fattening operations were the same as those in Example 2.

[0092] At the end of fattening on the 11th day, 30 oysters were taken and the meat yield after fattening was determined to be 14.19%, an increase of 7.91% compared with before fattening.

[0093] Technical effects:

[0094] 1. Metabolic Rate

[0095] Taking the complete feeding of unicellular algae as the control, Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 ( Figure 1 Part A), and Example 2, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 4, 10 oysters were taken every day during the fattening process to measure the respiratory metabolic rate ( Figure 1 Part B). In natural sea areas, oysters feed on unicellular algae, and the metabolic rate of feeding unicellular algae is the most suitable metabolic rate for oysters. Comparison of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 with the same germplasm background found that the metabolic rate of oysters in the fattening method of Example 1 decreased in the first 2 days, began to increase on the second day, and the metabolic rate was the same as the metabolic rate of feeding unicellular algae on the 5th day. The optimal metabolic rate was maintained in the later period and was slightly higher than that of unicellular algae; the metabolic rate of Comparative Example 1 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, but it was always lower than that of Example 1 in the later period; Comparative Example 2 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and then fluctuating and decreasing, and the metabolic rate was lower than that of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The metabolic rate of Example 2 decreased in the first 3 days, and then gradually increased. On the 6th day, it was the same as the metabolic rate of unicellular algae and maintained this optimal metabolic rate until the end of fattening; the metabolic rates of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 decreased significantly on the first day of feeding, and then showed a trend of fluctuating balance, and the overall metabolic rate was lower than that of unicellular algae and Example 2. The data show that the fattening strategies of Example 1 and Example 2 can shorten the oysters' adaptation time to feed conversion, and the metabolic rate quickly reaches the optimal metabolic level after a short period of adaptation, thereby improving the feed conversion rate.

[0096] 2. Suspended particles

[0097] On the 8th day of promoting fattening, the results of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 ( Figure 2 Part A), Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4 ( Figure 2 (B) Suspended particles in a fattening pond during a feeding cycle. By comparison, it was found that the removal rates of suspended particles in Example 1 and Example 2 were higher than those in Comparative Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples 3, 4. This indicates that the oysters in Example 1 and Example 2 were able to efficiently ingest fermented soybean meal powder and fermented peanut meal powder on the 8th day, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of feed.

[0098] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Place the adult oysters that need to be fattened in fattening water, feed them with compound feeds by gradually adjusting the water temperature, and harvest them after reaching the target fatness; The compound feed comprises unicellular algae, fermented soybean meal powder and fermented peanut meal powder; The feeding method of the compound feed comprises the following steps: Adult oysters were fed 12 hours after entering the pond, and were fed 6 times a day. First, 20 L of unicellular algae + 15 g fermented soybean meal + 15 g fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time, and feeding continued for 2 days; then, 10 L of unicellular algae + 25 g fermented soybean meal + 25 g fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time, and feeding continued for 5 days; then, 35 g fermented soybean meal + 35 g fermented peanut meal were fed per cubic meter of water each time until the target fertilizer degree was reached.

2. The method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of adult oysters during the fattening management process shall not exceed 15 kg / m 3 .

3. The method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water used for fattening is sand-filtered seawater or sand-filtered well water, and the salinity is consistent with the growth sea area of ​​the adult oysters that need fattening. During the fattening management process, the water is continuously aerated.

4. The method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The progressive adjustment of water temperature specifically comprises the following steps: When oysters enter the fattening water, the water temperature is kept consistent with seawater and left to stand for 12 hours. Then, the temperature is gradually raised or lowered to 10-18°C through water changes within 48 hours and kept relatively constant. After that, fattening management is carried out at this constant temperature, and the temperature fluctuation does not exceed 1°C.

5. The method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unicellular algae is one or more of the group consisting of small crescent-shaped algae, horn algae or triangular brown finger algae, and the concentration is not less than 10 6 cells / mL.

6. The method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the fermented soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder comprises the following steps: The soybean meal powder or peanut meal powder is mixed with 35-40 ℃ fresh water and yeast powder in a weight ratio of 1:2:0.1, stirred evenly and then allowed to stand and ferment for 1 hour to obtain the fermented soybean meal powder or fermented peanut meal powder.

7. The method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale according to claim 6, characterized in that: The maximum particle size of the soybean meal powder or peanut meal powder does not exceed 20 μm.

8. The method for promoting oyster fattening in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: When feeding, the fermented soybean meal powder and the fermented peanut meal powder are rubbed through a 300-mesh sieve, and the unfiltered part is discarded.

9. Use of the industrialized oyster fattening method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in fattening diploid oysters and / or triploid oysters.

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