Orthopedic surgery guide

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of medical instruments, and discloses an orthopedic surgical guide plate, comprising a positioning plate, a screwdriver and a screw, positioning components are arranged on both sides of the positioning plate, an adjustment frame is arranged between two groups of the positioning components, an adjustment plate is arranged in the adjustment frame through an adjustment structure, a fixing block is connected to the side of the adjusting plate, a through hole is opened in the middle of the fixing block, a U-shaped frame is connected to the top of the fixing block, a fixing tube is fixedly passed through the middle of the U-shaped frame, a through tube is fixedly passed through the fixing tube, the through tube passes through the through hole on the fixing block, and a bottom block is connected to the bottom end of the through tube, a wound opening structure is directly used on the surgical guide plate to open the wound, so as to better expose the orthopedic part at the corresponding position of the patient for nail placement medical treatment, and the normal fixing work of the positioning plate will not be hindered, so as to facilitate the medical work of the doctor and better perform the nail placement treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and in particular to an orthopedic surgery guide. Background Art

[0002] In orthopedic surgery, in order to insert screws into bones and fix the position of fractures or dislocations on bones, a screw guide is needed to accurately place screws, thereby achieving the purpose of precise surgery;

[0003] In the orthopedic surgical guide in the prior art, two fixing pin bases are provided on the guide and the two fixing pins are used to fix the guide. The fixing pins cooperate with the positioning assembly to play the role of positioning screws. After being positioned by the positioning assembly, the screws can be accurately inserted into the predetermined nail entry point on the bone. The nail entry positioning opening is provided on the guide so that the nail entry point can be exposed for easy observation and operation during the operation, thereby improving the accuracy of the operation and the convenience of the operation.

[0004] However, when inserting screws, the existing surgical guide needs to expand the surgical wound to expose the bone at the corresponding position, otherwise it will increase the difficulty of the operation. Manual expansion is troublesome to operate, and using a special expander to expand it will hinder the normal fixation of the surgical guide. Therefore, there is room for improvement. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides an orthopedic surgery guide.

[0006] The orthopedic surgery guide provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An orthopedic surgical guide comprises a positioning plate, a screwdriver and a screw, positioning components are arranged on both sides of the positioning plate, an adjustment frame is arranged between two groups of the positioning components, an adjustment plate is arranged in the adjustment frame through an adjustment structure, a fixing block is connected to the side of the adjustment plate, a through hole is opened in the middle of the fixing block, a U-shaped frame is connected to the top of the fixing block, a fixing tube is fixedly passed through the middle of the U-shaped frame, a through tube is fixedly passed through the fixing tube, the through tube passes through the through hole on the fixing block, and a bottom block is connected to the bottom end of the through tube , the screw is inserted into the bottom block, an anti-falling structure is arranged in the bottom block, a nut is installed at the top of the screw, the blade head at the bottom end of the screwdriver is inserted into the concave hole of the nut, a fixed frame is arranged on the through-tube at the bottom end of the fixed tube, a lifting frame is installed on the fixed frame, the lifting frame is movably sleeved on the U-shaped frame, a positioning structure is arranged between the lifting frame and the U-shaped frame, a wound opening structure is arranged at the front and rear sides of the fixed block, the lifting frame and the wound opening structure are connected by a driving structure, which is used to drive the wound opening structure to open the wound;

[0008] The wound expansion structure is respectively connected to two groups of fixing strips on the front and rear sides of the fixing block. A rotating shaft is rotated and passed through the end of each group of fixing strips away from the fixing block. Rotating handles are fixedly sleeved on both ends of the rotating shaft. The bottom ends of the two rotating handles in each group are connected to the expansion strips, and the two expansion strips extend toward the middle to the bottom of the screw.

[0009] Preferably, the driving structure includes a through rod connected to the front and rear side surfaces of the lifting frame, guide grooves are provided on the front and rear sides of the fixed block, a reciprocating bar is inserted into the guide groove, a driving bar is connected to one end of the reciprocating bar inserted into the guide groove, a first guide groove is provided on the driving bar, the first guide groove is in a "Z" shape, the through rod passes through the first guide groove, a limiting block is connected between the groove walls on both sides of the guide groove, the bottom of the limiting block is attached to the reciprocating bar, a gear is arranged above the reciprocating bar, the gear is meshed with the teeth on the reciprocating bar, and the gear is fixedly sleeved at the middle position of the rotating shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning structure includes two groups of vertical grooves respectively opened on the left and right side surfaces of the U-shaped frame, the two vertical grooves in each group are distributed at the front and rear side edges of the side surface of the U-shaped frame, and positioning grooves are opened at the positions between the two vertical grooves on the two side surfaces of the U-shaped frame, and the two positioning grooves are distributed near the upper and lower ends of the vertical grooves, and a through frame is movably passed through the two vertical grooves of each group, and the through frame is in a "U" shape, and a pressing block is connected to the end of the through frame passing through the U-shaped frame, and a first spring is connected between the pressing block and the U-shaped frame, and a positioning block is connected to the inner wall of the other end of the through frame, and the positioning block is inserted into the positioning groove above.

[0011] Preferably, two adjusting rods are movably passed through the adjusting plate, the two adjusting rods are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the two adjusting rods are staggered with each other on the adjusting plate, both ends of each adjusting rod are connected with an adjusting block, an adjusting groove for sliding the adjusting block is provided on the inner wall of the adjusting frame, and a tightening and fixing structure is provided on the adjusting plate.

[0012] Preferably, the tensioning and fixing structure includes a screw rod rotatably connected to the middle of the top end of the adjusting plate, a rotating block is fixed on the top end of the screw rod, a threaded sleeve is sleeved on the screw rod, a limiting rod movably passes through the through hole on the threaded sleeve, the bottom end of the limiting rod is connected to the adjusting plate, two first connecting rods are respectively connected to the position of each adjusting rod on the threaded sleeve, and a tensioning frame is connected to the end of each first connecting rod away from the threaded sleeve, the tensioning frame is sleeved on the outside of the adjusting rod, the bottom end of the tensioning frame is in a semicircular shape, and a tensioning pad is provided on the lower inner wall of the tensioning frame.

[0013] Preferably, the anti-falling structure includes an intermediate groove opened in the bottom block and connected with the through-tube, the screw is inserted into the intermediate groove, inner grooves are opened on both sides of the bottom block, the two inner grooves are connected with the intermediate groove, a horizontal bar is arranged at the top position of each inner groove, an anti-falling bar is inserted into the slot at one end of the horizontal bar, a third spring is connected between the anti-falling bar and the groove wall at the inner end of the horizontal bar, the anti-falling bar is supported on the bottom of the nut, and the bottom of the anti-falling bar is inclined at one end away from the horizontal bar.

[0014] Preferably, a lifting cylinder is movably mounted on one end of the horizontal bar away from the anti-slip strip, a guide rod is vertically movably passed through the lifting cylinder, two ends of the guide rod are respectively connected to the upper and lower end groove walls of the inner groove, the side of the lifting cylinder is attached to the groove wall of the inner groove, a second spring is mounted on the guide rod, and two ends of the second spring are respectively connected to the lifting cylinder and the lower groove wall of the inner groove.

[0015] Preferably, an insertion rod passes horizontally through the horizontal bar, and second guide grooves are opened on the front and rear side groove walls of the inner groove. The end of the insertion rod is movably inserted into the second guide groove. The second guide groove is divided into two sections, the upper section is vertically arranged, and the lower section is inclined toward the side away from the screw.

[0016] Preferably, the positioning assembly includes sleeves connected to both sides of the positioning plate, nail holes are opened on the positioning plate at the lower position of the sleeve, a fixing pin is inserted into the sleeve, a second connecting rod is connected to the top position of the sleeve, and one end of the second connecting rod is connected to the adjustment frame.

[0017] In summary, the present invention includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0018] 1. The present invention provides a wound expansion structure on the fixing block of the positioning plate, and the wound expansion structure can be used to expand the wound directly on the surgical guide plate, so as to better expose the orthopedic part at the corresponding position of the patient for nail placement treatment, and will not hinder the normal fixing work of the positioning plate, thereby facilitating the medical work of the doctor and better performing nail placement treatment;

[0019] 2. The present invention provides a lifting frame on the U-shaped frame of the fixing block. After the screw is inserted into the bottom block, the lifting frame can be moved downward on the U-shaped frame to drive the screw to move downward to the corresponding bone for screw placement;

[0020] 3. The lifting frame of the present invention is connected to the wound opening structure through a driving structure, so that the lifting frame can automatically open and release the wound during the up and down movement, making the operation simpler and more convenient;

[0021] 4. The fixing block of the present invention is arranged on the adjusting frame through the adjusting structure and the tightening structure, and a positioning component is arranged on the positioning plate. After the positioning plate is fixed on the patient's bone through the positioning component, the position of the nail can be flexibly adjusted through the adjusting structure, and there is no need to disassemble the positioning component to adjust the nail position, which reduces the pain of the patient and facilitates the doctor's treatment work. After the position is adjusted, the tightening structure can be used to locate the position of the screw to ensure the accuracy of the nail placement;

[0022] 5. The present invention provides an anti-falling structure in the bottom block, which can prevent the screw from falling off before the screw is placed after the screw is inserted into the bottom tube, thereby improving the treatment efficiency. In addition, a horizontal bar, a lifting tube, a guide rod, a second spring, an insertion rod and a second guide groove are provided in the bottom block. After the screw is moved downward, the anti-falling structure can be automatically loosened from the screw by sliding the insertion rod in the second guide groove, so that the surgical guide can be easily removed from the patient's bone after the screw is placed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an orthopedic surgery guide plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment frame in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the fixed block is disassembled in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure at A;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fixed block in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 A magnified view of the structure at B;

[0029] Figure 7 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 5 A magnified view of the structure at C;

[0030] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the bottom block in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 In the embodiment of the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure at D.

[0032] Description of the accompanying drawings: 1. positioning plate; 2. adjustment frame; 3. adjustment plate; 4. fixing block; 5. U-shaped frame; 6. fixing cylinder; 7. through cylinder; 8. screwdriver; 9. bottom block; 10. screw; 11. turning handle; 12. opening bar; 13. fixing bar; 14. rotating shaft; 15. lifting frame; 16. through rod; 17. first guide groove; 18. driving bar; 19. guide groove; 20. fixing frame; 21. limiting block; 22. reciprocating bar; 23. gear; 24. positioning groove; 25. vertical groove; 26. through frame ; 27. Press block; 28. First spring; 29. ​​Positioning block; 30. Adjusting rod; 31. Adjusting block; 32. Adjusting slot; 33. Screw; 34. Turning block; 35. Limiting rod; 36. First connecting rod; 37. Tensioning frame; 38. Tensioning pad; 39. Second connecting rod; 40. Nut; 41. Middle slot; 42. Inner slot; 43. Horizontal bar; 44. Anti-slip strip; 45. Lifting cylinder; 46. Guide rod; 47. Second spring; 48. Insertion rod; 49. Second guide slot; 50. Sleeve; 51. Fixing needle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 9 The present invention is described in further detail.

[0034] Reference Figure 1-Figure 9 The embodiment of the present invention discloses an orthopedic surgical guide plate, including a positioning plate 1, a screwdriver 8 and a screw 10. Positioning components are arranged on both sides of the positioning plate 1. An adjustment frame 2 is arranged between the two groups of positioning components. The adjustment frame 2 is a square frame. An adjustment plate 3 is arranged in the adjustment frame 2 through an adjustment structure. A fixing block 4 is connected to the side of the adjusting plate 3. A through hole is opened in the middle of the fixing block 4. A U-shaped frame 5 is connected to the top of the fixing block 4. A fixing tube 6 is fixedly passed through the middle of the U-shaped frame 5. A through tube 7 is fixedly passed through the fixing tube 6. The through tube 7 passes through the through hole on the fixing block 4. The bottom end of the through tube 7 is connected to A bottom block 9 is connected, a screw 10 is inserted into the bottom block 9, an anti-falling structure is arranged in the bottom block 9, a nut 40 is installed at the top of the screw 10, and the blade of the bottom end of the screwdriver 8 is inserted into the concave hole of the nut 40, a fixed frame 20 is arranged on the through tube 7 at the bottom end of the fixed tube 6, a lifting frame 15 is installed on the fixed frame 20, the lifting frame 15 is movably sleeved on the U-shaped frame 5, a positioning structure is arranged between the lifting frame 15 and the U-shaped frame 5, a wound opening structure is arranged at the front and rear sides of the fixed block 4, and the lifting frame 15 is connected to the wound opening structure through a driving structure for driving the wound opening structure to open the wound;

[0035] The wound expansion structure is respectively connected to two groups of fixing bars 13 on the front and rear side surfaces of the fixing block 4. A rotating shaft 14 is rotated through the end of each group of fixing bars 13 away from the fixing block 4. Both ends of the rotating shaft 14 are fixedly sleeved with a rotating handle 11. The bottom ends of the two rotating handles 11 in each group are connected to the expansion bars 12. The two expansion bars 12 extend toward the middle to the bottom of the screw 10. Before the screw 10 is nailed, the two expansion bars 12 can be rotated away from each other on the guide plate by rotating the rotating shaft 14 on the fixing bar 13 to expand the patient's wound, better expose the bone to be treated, and facilitate the doctor's treatment work.

[0036] The driving structure includes a through rod 16 connected to the front and rear sides of the lifting frame 15, and guide grooves 19 are provided on the front and rear sides of the fixed block 4. A reciprocating bar 22 is inserted into the guide groove 19, and a driving bar 18 is connected to one end of the reciprocating bar 22 inserted into the guide groove 19. The driving bar 18 is provided with a first guide groove 17, and the first guide groove 17 is in a "Z" shape. The through rod 16 passes through the first guide groove 17. A limiting block 21 is connected between the groove walls on both sides of the guide groove 19. The limiting block 21 drives the bar 18 and the reciprocating bar 22 as a whole to play a limiting role, and the bottom of the limiting block 21 is attached to the reciprocating bar 22. On the upper part, a gear 23 is arranged above the reciprocating bar 22, and the gear 23 is meshed with the teeth on the reciprocating bar 22. The gear 23 is fixedly sleeved at the middle position of the rotating shaft 14. The lifting frame 15 is moved up and down on the U-shaped frame 5, and the screw 10 is driven to move down to the patient's bone. At the same time, the lifting frame 15 drives the through rod 16 to slide in the first guide groove 17, and the driving bar 18 and the reciprocating bar 22 are pushed to move in the guide groove 19 as a whole by squeezing the groove wall of the first guide groove 17. Through the gear 23, the rotating handle 11 and the opening bar 12 are driven to rotate as a whole to open the wound, and the operation is more labor-saving and convenient;

[0037] The positioning structure includes two groups of vertical grooves 25 respectively opened on the left and right sides of the U-shaped frame 5, each group of two vertical grooves 25 is distributed at the front and rear edges of the side of the U-shaped frame 5, and the two sides of the U-shaped frame 5 are provided with positioning grooves 24 at the positions between the two vertical grooves 25. The two positioning grooves 24 are distributed near the upper and lower ends of the vertical grooves 25. A through frame 26 is movable through the two vertical grooves 25 of each group. The through frame 26 is in a "U" shape. A pressing block 27 is connected to one end of the through frame 26 passing through the U-shaped frame 5. A first spring 28 is connected between the pressing block 27 and the U-shaped frame 5. A positioning block 29 is connected to the inner wall of the other end of the through frame 26. The positioning block 29 is inserted into the positioning block 29. When the lifting frame 15 is moved into the upper positioning groove 24, the doctor can directly hold the two pressing blocks 27 and press the two pressing blocks 27 toward the middle to push the positioning block 29 out of the upper positioning groove 24, release the positioning of the lifting frame 15 on the U-shaped frame 5, and then directly move the lifting frame 15 up and down on the U-shaped frame 5, driving the through tube 7 to move downward, so as to move the bottom end of the screw 10 to the bone to be nailed, and finally directly release the pressing block 27, under the elastic force of the first spring 28, pull the positioning block 29 into the lower positioning groove 24, re-position the screw 10, and then ensure the treatment accuracy when nailing;

[0038] The positioning assembly includes a sleeve 50 connected to both sides of the positioning plate 1. The positioning plate 1 is provided with nail holes at the lower position of the sleeve 50. A fixing pin 51 is inserted into the sleeve 50. A second connecting rod 39 is connected to the top position of the sleeve 50. One end of the second connecting rod 39 is connected to the adjustment frame 2. After the positioning plate 1 is placed on the patient, the fixing pin 51 is inserted into the sleeve 50 near the bone to be nailed, thereby fixing the positioning plate 1.

[0039] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 Two adjusting rods 30 are movably passed through the adjusting plate 3. The two adjusting rods 30 are arranged perpendicular to each other and staggered on the adjusting plate 3. An adjusting block 31 is connected to both ends of each adjusting rod 30. An adjusting groove 32 for sliding the adjusting block 31 is provided on the inner wall of the adjusting frame 2. A tightening and fixing structure is provided on the adjusting plate 3. After the positioning plate 1 is fixed, the position of the nail can be flexibly adjusted according to the position of the nail by moving the adjusting plate 3 on the two adjusting rods 30 and sliding the adjusting block 31 in the adjusting groove 32;

[0040] The tensioning and fixing structure includes a screw rod 33 rotatably connected to the middle of the top end of the adjusting plate 3, a rotating block 34 is fixedly sleeved on the top end of the screw rod 33, a threaded sleeve is sleeved on the screw rod 33, a limit rod 35 is movably passed through the through hole on the threaded sleeve, the bottom end of the limit rod 35 is connected to the adjusting plate 3, two first connecting rods 36 are respectively connected to the position of each adjusting rod 30 on the threaded sleeve, and each first connecting rod 36 is connected to a tensioning frame 37 at one end away from the threaded sleeve The tensioning frame 37 is sleeved on the outside of the adjusting rod 30, and the bottom end of the tensioning frame 37 is in a semicircular shape. A tensioning pad 38 is provided on the lower inner wall of the tensioning frame 37. After the position of the opposing nail is adjusted, the screw 33 can be rotated on the adjusting plate 3 by using the rotating block 34. The threaded sleeve on the screw 33 drives the tensioning frame 37 to move upward, driving the tensioning pad 38 to press against the adjusting rod 30, and the static friction generated between the tensioning pad 38 and the adjusting rod 30 is used to fix the position of the adjusting plate 3.

[0041] See also Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The anti-drop structure includes an intermediate groove 41 opened in the bottom block 9 and connected with the through tube 7, the screw 10 is inserted into the intermediate groove 41, and inner grooves 42 are opened on both sides of the bottom block 9, and the two inner grooves 42 are connected with the intermediate groove 41. A horizontal bar 43 is arranged at the top position of each inner groove 42, and an anti-drop bar 44 is inserted into the slot at one end of the horizontal bar 43. A third spring is connected between the anti-drop bar 44 and the inner end groove wall of the horizontal bar 43, and the anti-drop bar 44 is supported at the bottom of the nut 40 to prevent The lower end of the stripping strip 44 away from the horizontal strip 43 is an inclined surface. The screw 10 is inserted into the middle groove 41. The nut 40 at the top of the screw 10 squeezes the anti-stripping strip 44 and moves in the horizontal strip 43, squeezing the third spring to compress. When the nut 40 moves to the top of the anti-stripping strip 44, the elastic force of the third spring is used to push the anti-stripping strip 44 to reset, so that the anti-stripping strip 44 moves to the bottom of the nut 40 to support the nut 40, thereby preventing the screw 10 from falling off during the nailing process.

[0042] A lifting cylinder 45 is movably sleeved on one end of the horizontal bar 43 away from the anti-slip bar 44, and a guide rod 46 is vertically movably passed through the lifting cylinder 45. The two ends of the guide rod 46 are respectively connected to the upper and lower groove walls of the inner groove 42. The side of the lifting cylinder 45 is attached to the groove wall of the inner groove 42. A second spring 47 is sleeved on the guide rod 46. The two ends of the second spring 47 are respectively connected to the lifting cylinder 45 and the lower groove wall of the inner groove 42. The lifting cylinder 45 squeezes the second spring 47 on the guide rod 46 to move downward, so that the screwdriver 8 can smoothly drive the screw 10 to move downward;

[0043] An insertion rod 48 passes horizontally through the horizontal bar 43, and second guide grooves 49 are opened on the front and rear side walls of the inner groove 42. The end of the insertion rod 48 is movably inserted into the second guide groove 49. The second guide groove 49 is divided into two sections, the upper section is vertically arranged, and the lower section is inclined toward the side away from the screw 10. After the screw 10 is inserted into the bone, the sliding of the insertion rod 48 in the second guide groove 49 can automatically drive the anti-detachment strip 44 to detach from the nut 40, so that the guide plate can be removed from the patient's bone conveniently.

[0044] The implementation principle of an orthopedic surgical guide plate of an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: first, the screw 10 is inserted into the middle groove 41, and when the nut 40 moves to the top of the anti-slipping strip 44, the elastic force of the third spring is used to push the anti-slipping strip 44 to move and support to the bottom end of the nut 40 to prevent slipping, and then the positioning plate 1 is placed at the position where the patient is to place the nail, and the fixing pin 51 is inserted into the sleeve 50 near the position of the patient's bone where the nail is to be placed, and the positioning plate 1 is fixed, and then the adjusting pin 51 is used to adjust the position of the nut 40. The joint plate 3 moves on the two adjusting rods 30 to flexibly adjust the position of the screw 10. After adjustment, the screw rod 33 is rotated by the rotating block 34, and the threaded sleeve on the screw rod 33 drives the tensioning frame 37 to move up, and drives the tensioning pad 38 to move up and press against the adjusting rod 30 to adjust the position of the screw 10. Then the doctor holds the two pressing blocks 27 tightly, pushes the positioning block 29 out of the upper positioning groove 24, and moves the lifting frame 15 up and down on the U-shaped frame 5 to drive the screw 10 to move to the bone position to be inserted. The pressing block 27 is released. Under the elastic force of the first spring 28, the positioning block 29 is pulled into the positioning groove 24 below to position the screw 10. In this process, the lifting frame 15 drives the through rod 16 to move downward in the first guide groove 17. By squeezing the groove wall of the first guide groove 17, the driving bar 18 and the reciprocating bar 22 are pushed to move in the guide groove 19 as a whole. Through the gear 23, the opening bar 12 at one end of the rotating handle 11 is pushed to rotate to open the wound, which is convenient for placement. The screw 10 is screwed in place by the screwdriver 8 and the nut 40 is used to drive the anti-slipping strip 44 to move downward. The end of the insertion rod 48 slides at the lower section of the second guide groove 49, so that when the screw 10 is inserted into the bone, the cross bar 43 is used to drive the anti-slipping strip 44 to move in the lifting tube 45, so that the anti-slipping strip 44 automatically detaches from the nut 40. Finally, the fixing pin 51 is pulled out and the guide plate can be removed.

[0045] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An orthopedic surgical guide plate, comprising a positioning plate (1), a screwdriver (8) and a screw (10), characterized in that: Positioning components are arranged on both sides of the positioning plate (1), an adjustment frame (2) is arranged between the two groups of positioning components, an adjustment plate (3) is arranged in the adjustment frame (2) through an adjustment structure, a fixing block (4) is connected to the side of the adjustment plate (3), a through hole is opened in the middle of the fixing block (4), a U-shaped frame (5) is connected to the top of the fixing block (4), a fixing tube (6) is fixedly passed through the middle of the U-shaped frame (5), a through tube (7) is fixedly passed through the fixing tube (6), the through tube (7) passes through the through hole on the fixing block (4), a bottom block (9) is connected to the bottom end of the through tube (7), and the screw (10) is inserted into the bottom block (9). An anti-drop structure is provided in the bottom block (9); a nut (40) is installed at the top of the screw (10); the blade of the bottom end of the screwdriver (8) is inserted into the concave hole of the nut (40); a fixed frame (20) is provided on the through-tube (7) and is fixed at the bottom end of the fixed tube (6); a lifting frame (15) is installed on the fixed frame (20); the lifting frame (15) is movably sleeved on the U-shaped frame (5); a positioning structure is provided between the lifting frame (15) and the U-shaped frame (5); wound opening structures are provided at the front and rear sides of the fixed block (4); the lifting frame (15) and the wound opening structure are connected via a driving structure for driving the wound opening structure to open the wound; The wound expansion structure is respectively connected to two groups of fixing bars (13) on the front and rear side surfaces of the fixing block (4); a rotating shaft (14) is rotatably passed through one end of each group of fixing bars (13) away from the fixing block (4); rotating handles (11) are fixedly sleeved on both ends of the rotating shaft (14); the bottom ends of the two rotating handles (11) in each group are connected to the expansion bars (12); and the two expansion bars (12) extend toward the middle to below the screw (10); The driving structure comprises a through rod (16) connected to the front and rear side surfaces of the lifting frame (15); guide grooves (19) are provided on the front and rear sides of the fixed block (4); a reciprocating bar (22) is inserted into the guide groove (19); a driving bar (18) is connected to one end of the reciprocating bar (22) inserted into the guide groove (19); a first guide groove (17) is provided on the driving bar (18); the first guide groove (17) is in a "Z" shape; the through rod (16) passes through the first guide groove (17); a limiting block (21) is connected between the groove walls on both sides of the guide groove (19); the lower side of the limiting block (21) is attached to the reciprocating bar (22); a gear (23) is provided above the reciprocating bar (22); the gear (23) is meshed with the teeth on the reciprocating bar (22); the gear (23) is fixedly sleeved at the middle position of the rotating shaft (14).

2. An orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning structure comprises two groups of vertical grooves (25) respectively provided on the left and right side surfaces of the U-shaped frame (5), the two vertical grooves (25) of each group being distributed at the front and rear side edges of the side surface of the U-shaped frame (5), the two side surfaces of the U-shaped frame (5) being provided with positioning grooves (24) at positions between the two vertical grooves (25), the two positioning grooves (24) being distributed near the upper and lower ends of the vertical grooves (25), a through frame (26) movably passing through the two vertical grooves (25) of each group, the through frame (26) being in a "U" shape, a pressing block (27) being connected to one end of the through frame (26) passing through the U-shaped frame (5), a first spring (28) being connected between the pressing block (27) and the U-shaped frame (5), a positioning block (29) being connected to the inner wall of the other end of the through frame (26), the positioning block (29) being inserted into the positioning groove (24) above.

3. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two adjusting rods (30) are movably passed through the adjusting plate (3), the two adjusting rods (30) are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the two adjusting rods (30) are arranged staggered with each other on the adjusting plate (3), both ends of each adjusting rod (30) are connected to an adjusting block (31), an adjusting groove (32) for the adjusting block (31) to slide is provided on the inner wall of the adjusting frame (2), and a tightening and fixing structure is provided on the adjusting plate (3).

4. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tensioning and fixing structure comprises a screw rod (33) rotatably connected to the middle of the top end of the adjusting plate (3); a rotating block (34) is fixedly sleeved on the top end of the screw rod (33); a threaded sleeve is sleeved on the screw rod (33); a limiting rod (35) movably passes through a through hole on the threaded sleeve; the bottom end of the limiting rod (35) is connected to the adjusting plate (3); two first connecting rods (36) are respectively connected to the position of each adjusting rod (30) on the threaded sleeve; each of the first connecting rods (36) is connected to a tensioning frame (37) at one end away from the threaded sleeve; the tensioning frame (37) is sleeved on the outside of the adjusting rod (30); the bottom end of the tensioning frame (37) is in a semicircular ring shape; a tensioning pad (38) is provided on the lower inner wall of the tensioning frame (37).

5. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-drop structure comprises an intermediate groove (41) provided in the bottom block (9) and connected to the through-tube (7); the screw (10) is inserted into the intermediate groove (41); inner grooves (42) are provided on both sides of the bottom block (9); the two inner grooves (42) are connected to the intermediate groove (41); a horizontal bar (43) is provided at the top of each inner groove (42); an anti-drop bar (44) is inserted into a slot at one end of the horizontal bar (43); a third spring is connected between the anti-drop bar (44) and the inner end groove wall of the horizontal bar (43); the anti-drop bar (44) is supported on the bottom of the nut (40); and the bottom of the anti-drop bar (44) is inclined at one end away from the horizontal bar (43).

6. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 5, characterized in that: A lifting cylinder (45) is movably sleeved on one end of the transverse bar (43) away from the anti-slip bar (44), and a guide rod (46) is vertically movably passed through the lifting cylinder (45), and two ends of the guide rod (46) are respectively connected to the upper and lower groove walls of the inner groove (42), and the side surface of the lifting cylinder (45) is in contact with the groove wall of the inner groove (42). A second spring (47) is sleeved on the guide rod (46), and two ends of the second spring (47) are respectively connected to the lifting cylinder (45) and the lower groove wall of the inner groove (42).

7. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 5, characterized in that: An insertion rod (48) is passed through the horizontal bar (43) transversely, and second guide grooves (49) are provided on the front and rear side groove walls of the inner groove (42). The end of the insertion rod (48) is movably inserted into the second guide groove (49), and the second guide groove (49) is divided into upper and lower sections, the upper section is vertically arranged, and the lower section is inclined toward the side away from the screw (10).

8. The orthopedic surgical guide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning assembly comprises sleeves (50) connected to both sides of the positioning plate (1); nail holes are provided on the positioning plate (1) below the sleeves (50); a fixing pin (51) is inserted into the sleeves (50); a second connecting rod (39) is connected to the top of the sleeves (50); one end of the second connecting rod (39) is connected to the adjustment frame (2).

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