A microplastic monitoring and sampling device for seawater environment

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of liquid detection technology, and specifically is a microplastic monitoring and sampling device for seawater environment, comprising a cable, a laying module is arranged on the outside of the head end of the cable, an adjustment module is slidably arranged in the middle position of the cable, and a pressure monitoring module is arranged at the end of the cable, the number is two, and the modules are symmetrically distributed; the present invention performs laminar flow treatment on the seawater flowing into the inside of the hydration cylinder through the through grooves in the convex cylinder and the ball head box, that is, the seawater under different environments is subjected to relatively uniform diversion processing, and it is fully ensured that the pressure value of the seawater inside the hydration cylinder tends to the theoretical value, which helps to improve the sampling authenticity of seawater in sea areas of different depths. In addition, by arranging the valve tube between the two ball head boxes, sufficient reaction time is provided for the opening and closing of the valve tube, so as to avoid the valve tube under the influence of extreme external force collecting seawater from adjacent sea areas or different layers at the same time, which affects the monitoring accuracy of water quality, and further increases the cost of marine ecological risk assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of liquid detection, and in particular relates to a microplastic monitoring and sampling device for seawater environment. Background Art

[0002] Microplastics: are plastic particles with a diameter of less than five millimeters, divided into primary microplastics and secondary microplastics. They have the characteristics of large specific surface area, strong ability to absorb pollutants and difficulty in degradation. They are listed as one of the four major categories of new pollutants along with persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors and antibiotics.

[0003] Plastic waste floating in the ocean gradually breaks down into microplastics under the combined effects of physics and chemistry, and absorbs heavy metals, acids, alkalis and organic pollutants. After being ingested by plankton, benthic organisms and fish, it enters the marine food chain, affecting all marine life, and then destroying the overall marine ecological environment, until it accumulates in the human body and destroys the human immune system.

[0004] However, traditional water quality monitoring sampling equipment has the following problems during use:

[0005] 1. The penetration of microplastics into the ocean must be progressive and deepening, which will cause pollution and damage to marine life living in different sea areas. Therefore, it is necessary to sample and test seawater in different sea areas, so as to better monitor and protect the marine ecosystem. For the sampling of seawater at different depths, traditional water quality sampling equipment has a pressure threshold of seawater in different sea areas, and a differential processing between the preset pressure threshold of the sampling subject, which is used as an autonomous opening and closing control method for different sampling ports in different sea areas without external drive. The above method is only progressive in terms of energy utilization, but the flow of seawater itself is affected by many factors, such as turbulence, wind, temperature, humidity and marine biological activities, that is, the pressure value of seawater at the same depth is nonlinear. Therefore, the collection of water quality at a specific depth under a specific threshold itself has problems such as theoretical absoluteness and detection contingency, especially under extreme conditions such as adjacent areas of seawater pressure changes or the junction of different layers of marine life, the sampling port cannot be opened and closed in time, that is, there is a phenomenon that seawater from adjacent areas enters the same sampling container at the same time, which affects the authenticity of water quality monitoring.

[0006] 2. In addition, traditional water quality sampling equipment is limited by its body volume and operability, which makes it impossible to sample and test water bodies in special environments such as the ocean. For example, a shipborne water quality sampler with application number: CN202011610347.X guides water samples to the sample pool through an arched flow channel. This sampler can only sample and test shallow water bodies, which has certain limitations. At the same time, there is also a hose diversion extraction sampling method. Although it can increase the diversity of water samples, it is not suitable for sampling in corrosive environments such as seawater. On the one hand, it is not conducive to cleaning, and on the other hand, the stability is poor, which affects the authenticity of water quality monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a microplastic monitoring and sampling device for seawater environment, comprising a cable, the cable is formed by twisting a plurality of steel wire ropes around a fiber core, a laying module is arranged outside the head end of the cable, an adjustment module is slidably arranged in the middle position of the cable, and a pressure monitoring module is arranged at the end of the cable, the number is two and they are symmetrically distributed, and a sampling module is arranged between the two pressure monitoring modules;

[0008] The pressure monitoring module comprises:

[0009] The cable drum is snap-fitted to the end of the cable and consists of multiple strands of wire and a drum;

[0010] The convex cylinder is mounted on the end surface of the cable collection tray away from the cable;

[0011] The ball head box is mounted on the inner axis of the end of the convex tube away from the cable collection disk through a sealing ring, and the interior of the ball head box is a hollow structure;

[0012] The sealing rubber plate is installed in the middle position of the inner wall of the ball head box in a close-fitting sliding manner;

[0013] There are six hydration cylinders, which are evenly distributed in the sealing rubber sheet and are embedded and seamlessly connected with the sealing rubber sheet;

[0014] A hydration plug is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the hydration cylinder, and the hydration plug penetrates the inner wall of the end of the convex cylinder away from the cable collection disk;

[0015] Gaskets, two in a group, are sleeved on the outer wall of the hydration plug, and one of the gaskets in the group is fixedly connected to the hydration plug, and the other gasket is both slidably mounted with the hydration plug and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the end of the convex tube away from the cable collection disk;

[0016] The return spring is sleeved and installed on the outer wall of the hydration plug and is located between the two gaskets. In addition, the return spring is fixedly connected to the gasket, and the elastic coefficient of the return spring increases linearly;

[0017] The positive electrode sheet is snap-fitted and installed on the end face of the hydration plug away from the cable collection disk.

[0018] Preferably, an external frame is evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer wall of one end of the convex tube away from the ball head box, and the cross-sectional shape of the external frame is L-shaped. A horizontal section of the external frame is clamped and installed with an annular sleeve coaxially distributed with the hydration plug on the end face of one side of the convex tube, a negative electrode sheet is clamped and installed at the axial position of the annular sleeve, and a terminal is clamped and installed on the end of the horizontal section of the external frame away from the convex tube.

[0019] Preferably, the laying module comprises:

[0020] A cross platform is arranged on the outer side of the cable head end;

[0021] Side plates, two in number, are installed simultaneously on the end of the cross platform away from the pressure monitoring module;

[0022] There are two pneumatic grippers, which are symmetrically plug-in mounted at both ends of the side plate;

[0023] There are two corner brackets, which are symmetrically mounted on the two ends of the end surface of the cross platform away from the side plate;

[0024] The wire duct is opened in the middle of the end of the cross platform away from the side plate;

[0025] There are two wire wheels, which are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the cross-table, and the wire wheel near one end of the side plate is tied to the cable, and the other wire wheel is installed with the cable for rotation;

[0026] The traction wheel is detachably mounted on the end surface of the cross table away from the wire wheel by bolts, and the traction wheel is located between the two wire wheels;

[0027] The warning lights are six in number, three in a group, and are assembled and symmetrically distributed on the end surface of the cross platform away from the angle frame.

[0028] Preferably, the adjustment module includes:

[0029] The buoy is installed on the outer wall of the cable in a sliding fit, and the buoy and the cable are installed in a through-type manner;

[0030] The fiberglass sleeve is installed in the middle of the outer wall of the buoy by snap-fitting, and the side of the fiberglass sleeve close to the end of the cable is chamfered;

[0031] The lead-in barrel is clamped and installed at the axis center position of the end face of the buoy away from the end of the cable;

[0032] The bottom guard frame has an L-shaped cross section and is mounted on the end surface of the buoy close to the lead barrel. In addition, the horizontal section of the bottom guard frame passes through the lead barrel.

[0033] An outer joint tube, threadedly mounted on the outer wall of the lead barrel;

[0034] The vertical poles are circumferentially plugged and distributed on one end of the outer joint pipe close to the buoy;

[0035] There are four strips, which are circumferentially clamped and installed on the outer wall of the outer joint pipe;

[0036] Chain plates, two in a group, symmetrically mounted and rotatably mounted at both ends of each strip;

[0037] The support plates correspond to each set of chain plates one by one, and the support plates and the chain plates are installed in a rotationally matched manner. In addition, the cross-sectional shape thereof is also L-shaped.

[0038] Preferably, the end face of the buoy near the lead tube is provided with a mouth plate in an axially clamped manner, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the mouth plate and the support plate. In addition, the mouth plate and the support plate are installed in a sliding manner, and a sheet plate is clamped and installed in the middle position of the inner wall of the vertical section of one of the mouth plates, and a motor is clamped and installed at the end of the sheet plate away from the support plate. A driving pulley is plugged and installed at the output shaft end of the motor, and the driving pulley is rotatably installed with the horizontal section of the mouth plate through a rotating shaft. A driven pulley matching the driving gear is fixedly installed on the outer wall of one end of the lead tube near the sheet plate, and the driving pulley and the driven pulley are driven by a belt transmission.

[0039] Preferably, the sampling module comprises:

[0040] The sampling tube, the number of which is one, is mounted between the outer walls of the two convex tubes through a sealing ring;

[0041] There are two partition plates, which are snap-fitted to the inner wall of the sampling tube, and the vertical distance between the partition plates and the terminal is ten centimeters;

[0042] There are four valve tubes, which are circumferentially plugged and installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube, and the valve tubes are located between the two partition plates;

[0043] The liquid collecting tank is plugged and installed at one end of the valve tube close to the axis of the sampling tube, and the liquid collecting tank is inside the sampling tube. In addition, the bottom wall of the liquid collecting tank is chamfered;

[0044] The electric gas plug is circumferentially embedded on the partition plate near one end of the cable, and the electric gas plug corresponds to the liquid collecting tank one by one and is installed in sliding cooperation with the liquid collecting tank;

[0045] The gasket is mounted on the partition plate at one end away from the cable by snap-fitting and corresponds to the valve tube one by one;

[0046] The ball valve is composed of a shaft section and a ball section, which is rotationally mounted on the end of the valve tube close to the axis of the sampling tube, and is rotationally mounted with the gasket through a torsion spring;

[0047] External gear, fixedly installed on the outer wall of the ball valve shaft section;

[0048] The shaft disc is installed on the partition plate away from one end of the cable through the rotational fit of the shaft.

[0049] Preferably, an opening and closing gear meshing with an external gear is fixedly installed at the axial position of the shaft disc near one end of the liquid collecting chamber, and a guide plate is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube through symmetrically arranged ears, and the guide plate is composed of a plurality of guide plates rotatably installed with each other, and a detachable counterweight is evenly distributed on the bottom wall of the convex tube away from one end of the cable through a chuck.

[0050] Preferably, the outer wall of the convex tube and the head of the ball head box are evenly provided with through grooves, and the axial direction of the through groove in the convex tube is perpendicular to the axial direction of the through groove in the ball head box. In addition, the length of the through groove on the outer wall of the convex tube is five centimeters, and the length of the through groove in the ball head box is ten centimeters.

[0051] A method for sampling seawater at different depths, using the above-mentioned microplastic monitoring sampling device for seawater environment for detection, the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] S1: First, the traverse platform body is fixed by pneumatic clamps and angle brackets, and then the line is released by the line wheel and guided by the traction wheel, so that the line collection disk synchronously controls the sampling module and the pressure monitoring module body to move underwater to the specified position;

[0053] S2: Then, the seawater flowing into the hydration cylinder is cut, diverted and guided through the grooves in the convex cylinder and the ball head box body. After that, the interaction between the seawater and the hydration plug causes the return spring to be compressed, and the positive electrode sheet moves toward the negative electrode sheet until the warning light representing the designated sea area is always on;

[0054] S2: Finally, the shaft disc drives the opening and closing gears to mesh with the external gears one by one. Under the control of the external gears, the ball valve opens the communication channel between the valve pipe and the liquid collecting tank and the external seawater. In this process, the contraction of the electric air plug assists the external seawater to enter the liquid collecting tank. Finally, when the opening and closing gears and the external gears are disconnected, the ball valve is restored to close the communication channel between the valve pipe and the liquid collecting tank and the outside world through the recovery action of the torsion spring.

[0055] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0056] 1. The present invention uses the grooves in the convex tube and the ball head box to laminarize the seawater flowing into the hydration tube, that is, to perform relatively uniform diversion processing on the seawater under different environments, fully ensuring that the pressure value of the seawater inside the hydration tube tends to the theoretical value, which helps to improve the authenticity of sampling seawater in sea areas of different depths. In addition, by arranging the valve pipe between the two ball head boxes, sufficient reaction time is provided for the opening and closing of the valve pipe, avoiding the valve pipe under the influence of extreme external force to collect seawater from adjacent sea areas or different layers at the same time, affecting the monitoring accuracy of water quality, and thus causing an increase in the cost of marine ecological risk assessment. .

[0057] 2. The present invention breaks the limitation of traditional water quality sampling equipment on water sample collection in different water areas through the lifting function of the cable. At the same time, through the short-distance transmission coordination between the valve tube and the liquid collecting tank, on the one hand, it improves the timeliness and authenticity of water quality sampling in different environments; on the other hand, it improves the cleanability of the sampled object, that is, through the reciprocating motion between the electric air plug and the liquid collecting tank, the external clean water repeatedly flows between the valve tube and the liquid collecting tank until the residues inside the valve tube and the liquid collecting tank are completely removed, which helps to further increase the sample detection accuracy.

[0058] 3. The present invention squeezes the reset spring through seawater until the positive electrode sheet at the corresponding position contacts the negative electrode sheet for a specified time, and uses the lighting time and state of the warning light as the basis for judging the stability of the sampling module inside the seawater. When the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are disconnected, a closing instruction is issued to the valve tube, thereby ensuring the relative authenticity of the sampling unit sampling the same water layer and the same water quality seawater, and reducing the error rate of judging the microplastic pollution area under extreme conditions.

[0059] 4. The present invention decomposes the stress state of the above-water and underwater cables through buoys and fiberglass sleeves, thereby reducing the probability of the above-water cables affecting the stability of underwater cable operations. At the same time, the tension of the above-water cables is relieved, and the service life of the cables is improved to a certain extent. In addition, the guide plates connected by wave-shaped plates are used to decompose and guide the turbulence flowing toward the sampling object, thereby improving the stability of the sampling object underwater. In this process, counterweights of different weights are used to ensure the vertical stability of the sampling object underwater, thereby improving the smoothness and stability of sampling by the sampling unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 The present invention is attached Figure 1 Right view of the structure.

[0062] Figure 3 The present invention is attached Figure 1 Front view of the structure.

[0063] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the local structure of the adjustment module of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 5 The present invention is attached Figure 4 Another perspective view of the structure (omitting the buoy, fiberglass sleeve and a mouth plate).

[0065] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view showing the local internal structure of the pressure monitoring module of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 7 The present invention is attached Figure 6 A schematic enlarged diagram of the local structure at point A.

[0067] Figure 8 It is a diagram showing the flow of the external medium toward the hydration cylinder of the present invention.

[0068] Fig. 9 It is a plan view showing the internal structure of the sampling tube of the present invention.

[0069] Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional display diagram of the local structure of the sampling module of the present invention.

[0070] Numbers in the figure: 1, cable; 2, laying module; 3, adjustment module; 4, pressure monitoring module; 5, sampling module; 21, cross table; 22, side plate; 23, pneumatic clamp; 24, angle bracket; 25, wire trough; 26, wire wheel; 27, traction wheel; 28, warning light;

[0071] 31. buoy; 32. glass fiber reinforced plastic sleeve; 33. lead-in barrel; 34. bottom guard frame; 35. outer joint pipe; 36. vertical pole; 37. strip plate; 38. chain plate; 39. support plate;

[0072] 311, mouth plate; 312, sheet plate; 313, motor; 314, driving pulley; 315, driven pulley;

[0073] 41. Cable collection plate; 42. Convex cylinder; 43. Ball head box; 44. Sealing rubber plate; 45. Hydration cylinder; 46. Hydration plug; 47. Gasket; 48. Reset spring; 49. Positive electrode;

[0074] 421, external frame; 422, ring-fitting sleeve; 423, negative electrode sheet; 424, terminal;

[0075] 51. Sampling tube; 52. Partition plate; 53. Valve tube; 54. Liquid collecting chamber; 55. Electric air plug; 56. Gasket; 57. Ball valve; 58. External gear; 59. Shaft disc;

[0076] 591, opening and closing gears;

[0077] 511. Guide plate; 512. Counterweight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0079] It should be noted that the terms “vertical”, “horizontal”, “left”, “right” and similar expressions used in this document are only for the purpose of explanation and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0080] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0081] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that a microplastic monitoring and sampling device for seawater environment includes a cable 1, which is made of multiple strands of steel wire rope twisted around a fiber core, a laying module 2 is arranged outside the head end of the cable 1, an adjustment module 3 is slidably arranged in the middle position of the cable 1, and a pressure monitoring module 4 is arranged at the end of the cable 1, the number is two, and they are symmetrically distributed, and a sampling module 5 is arranged between the two pressure monitoring modules 4;

[0082] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the laying module 2 includes: a traverse platform 21, which is arranged on one side of the outside of the head end of the cable 1; two side plates 22, which are plugged and installed at the end of the traverse platform 21 away from the pressure monitoring module 4; two pneumatic clamps 23, which are symmetrically plugged and installed at both ends of the side plate 22; two angle brackets 24, which are symmetrically clamped and installed at both ends of the end surface of the traverse platform 21 away from the side plate 22; a wire trough 25, which is opened in the middle position of the end of the traverse platform 21 away from the side plate 22;

[0083] There are two wire wheels 26, which are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the cross-platform 21, and the wire wheel 26 close to one end of the side plate 22 is bundled with the cable 1, and the other wire wheel 26 is rotatably installed with the cable 1; the traction wheel 27 is detachably installed on the end surface of the cross-platform 21 away from the wire wheel 26 by bolts, and the traction wheel 27 is located between the two wire wheels 26; there are six warning lights 28, three in a group, which are assembled and symmetrically distributed on the end surface of the cross-platform 21 away from the angle frame 24.

[0084] Preparations for the adjustment module 3, the pressure monitoring module 4 and the sampling module 5 before entering the water:

[0085] First, the external reserved components are grasped by the pneumatic clamp 23 (specifically, the opening and closing of the pneumatic clamp 23 can be controlled by the built-in telescopic cylinder), and then the side plate 22 and the cross platform 21 are clamped and assembled with the pneumatic clamp 23;

[0086] Next, the reserved position between the horizontal section of the cross platform 21 and the angle frame 24 is fixed by bolts, and at the same time, the fixed reserved position between the vertical section of the angle frame 24 and the external components is tightened by bolts;

[0087] Finally, the wire wheel 26 and the traction wheel 27 are arranged in a triangular shape at the designated reserved position of the traverse platform 21;

[0088] Steps for the regulating module 3, the pressure monitoring module 4 and the sampling module 5 to enter the water:

[0089] The cable 1 is driven by the wheel 26 (the wheel 26 at the head end of the cable 1 winds up the cable 1, and the other wheel 26 guides and pulls the cable 1 when it is lifted and lowered. On the other hand, it ensures the positive relativity between the cable groove 25 and the traction wheel 27 during the lifting and lowering of the cable 1 (in specific implementation, the lead position of the other wheel 26 can be treated with an annular groove to further enhance its guiding effect). At the same time, the purpose of its rotation is to change the friction form between the cable 1 and it, that is, the sliding friction is changed to rolling friction, which helps to increase the service life of the cable 1). The adjusting module 3, the pressure monitoring module 4 and the sampling module 5 are gradually driven to move away from the cross-table 21. In this process, the triangular position layout between the traction wheel 27 and the two wheels 26 is used to enhance the tension of the cable 1 lifting and lowering, and improve the operating stability of the adjusting module 3, the pressure monitoring module 4 and the sampling module 5 (the gravity of the adjusting module 3, the pressure monitoring module 4 and the sampling module 5 is an important factor for their stable lifting and lowering).

[0090] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the adjustment module 3 includes: a buoy 31, which is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the cable 1, and the buoy 31 is installed in a through-type manner with the cable 1; a glass fiber reinforced plastic sleeve 32, which is clamped and installed in the middle position of the outer wall of the buoy 31, and the glass fiber reinforced plastic sleeve 32 is chamfered on the side close to the end of the cable 1; a lead barrel 33, which is clamped and installed at the axial position of the end face of the buoy 31 away from the end of the cable 1; a bottom guard frame 34, which has an L-shaped cross-section and is clamped and installed on the end face of the buoy 31 close to the lead barrel 33, and in addition, the horizontal section of the bottom guard frame 34 penetrates the lead barrel 33; an outer joint pipe 35, which is threadedly installed on the outer wall of the lead barrel 33;

[0091] The vertical rods 36 are circumferentially plugged and distributed at one end of the outer joint pipe 35 near the buoy 31; the strips 37 are four in number and are circumferentially clamped and installed on the outer wall of the outer joint pipe 35; the chain plates 38 are arranged in groups of two and are symmetrically rotated and installed at both ends of each strip 37; the supporting plates 39 correspond to each group of chain plates 38 one by one, and the supporting plates 39 and the chain plates 38 are rotated and installed, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is also L-shaped;

[0092] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the end face of the buoy 31 close to the lead tube 33 is axially clamped with a mouth plate 311, and there is a one-to-one correspondence between the mouth plate 311 and the support plate 39. In addition, the mouth plate 311 and the support plate 39 are installed in a sliding manner. A plate 312 is clamped and installed in the middle position of the inner wall of the vertical section of one of the mouth plates 311, and a motor 313 is clamped and installed at the end of the plate 312 away from the support plate 39. A driving pulley 314 is plugged and installed at the output shaft end of the motor 313, and the driving pulley 314 is rotatably installed with the horizontal section of the mouth plate 311 through a rotating shaft. A driven pulley 315 that cooperates with the driving gear is fixedly installed on the outer wall of one end of the lead tube 33 close to the plate 312, and the driving pulley 314 and the driven pulley 315 are driven by a belt.

[0093] The process of adjusting the above-water and underwater forces of the cable 1 by the regulating module 3 is as follows:

[0094] When the length of the underwater cable 1 needs to be increased (at this time, the four supporting plates 39 are in conflict with the outer wall of the cable 1):

[0095] First, the motor 313 controls the driving pulley 314 to rotate under the stable support of the plate 312, and then the driven pulley 315 synchronously controls the lead bobbin 33 to rotate (the belt causes the driven pulley 315 to rotate synchronously with the driving pulley 314);

[0096] Then, the outer joint tube 35, under the dual action of the thread drive of the outer wall of the lead-in barrel 33 and the guidance of the vertical rod 36 and the bottom guard frame 34, drives the chain plate 38 to move a specified distance toward the buoy 31;

[0097] Finally, the support plate 39 (the inner wall of the support plate 39 near the end of the cable 1 is frosted or roughened for the purpose of increasing the stability of the support plate 39 in limiting the cable 1) gradually moves away from the cable 1 under the dual effects of the traction of the chain plate 38 and the guidance of the mouth plate 311, until the four support plates 39 simultaneously release the interference limit on the cable 1. After that, the buoy 31 continues to float on the sea surface under the buoyancy of the seawater, and the cable 1 is stably controlled to move to a deeper sea area under the action of the line wheel 26 and the gravity traction of the pressure monitoring module 4 and the sampling module 5 until it reaches the designated position (after completing the above operation, the motor 313 is reversed, and the movement principle of the support plate 39 is completely opposite to the above, until the cable 1 is again interfered with and limited).

[0098] The steps and process of reducing the length of the underwater cable 1 are exactly the same as those of increasing the length of the underwater cable 1 described above;

[0099] The fiberglass sleeve 32 has excellent corrosion resistance and water resistance, and can further increase the stability of the buoy 31 on the sea surface.

[0100] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be seen that the pressure monitoring module 4 includes: a cable collection disk 41, which is snap-fitted and installed at the end of the cable 1 and is composed of multiple strands of wire ropes and a disc; a convex tube 42, which is snap-fitted and installed on the end face of the cable collection disk 41 away from the cable 1; a ball head box 43, which is snap-fitted and installed at the inner axial position of the end of the convex tube 42 away from the cable collection disk 41 through a sealing ring, and the inside of the ball head box 43 is a hollow structure; a sealing rubber plate 44, which is installed in the middle position of the inner wall of the ball head box 43 in a fitted sliding fit; six hydration cylinders 45, which are evenly distributed in the sealing rubber plate 44 and are embedded and seamlessly connected with the sealing rubber plate 44;

[0101] The hydration plug 46 is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the hydration cylinder 45, and the hydration plug 46 penetrates the inner wall of the end of the convex cylinder 42 away from the collection disk 41; the gaskets 47 are arranged in a group of two, which are sleeved on the outer wall of the hydration plug 46, and one gasket 47 in a group of gaskets 47 is fixedly connected to the hydration plug 46, and the other gasket 47 is both slidably mounted on the hydration plug 46 and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the end of the convex cylinder 42 away from the collection disk 41; the reset spring 48 is sleeved on the outer wall of the hydration plug 46 and located between the two gaskets 47. In addition, the reset spring 48 is fixedly connected to the gasket 47, and the elastic coefficient of the reset spring 48 increases linearly; the positive electrode 49 is clamped and mounted on the end face of the hydration plug 46 away from the collection disk 41;

[0102] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7It can be seen that the outer wall of the end of the convex tube 42 away from the ball head box 43 is evenly distributed with an outer frame 421 in the circumferential direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the outer frame 421 is L-shaped, and the end surface of the horizontal section of the outer frame 421 close to the convex tube 42 is clamped and installed with an annular sleeve 422 coaxially distributed with the hydration plug 46, and the annular sleeve 422 is clamped and installed with a negative electrode sheet 423 at the axial position, and the end of the horizontal section of the outer frame 421 away from the convex tube 42 is clamped and installed with a terminal 424;

[0103] Reference Figure 1 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 It can be seen that the sampling module 5 includes: a sampling tube 51, which is one in number and is installed between the outer walls of the two convex tubes 42 through a sealing ring; two partition plates 52, which are installed on the inner wall of the sampling tube 51, and the vertical distance between the partition plate 52 and the terminal 424 is ten centimeters; four valve tubes 53, which are circumferentially plugged and installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube 51, and the valve tube 53 is located between the two partition plates 52; a liquid collecting chamber 54, which is plugged and installed at one end of the valve tube 53 close to the axis of the sampling tube 51, and the liquid collecting chamber 54 is inside the sampling tube 51, and in addition, the bottom wall of the liquid collecting chamber 54 is chamfered; an electric gas plug 55, which is circumferentially embedded and distributed on the partition plate 52 close to one end of the cable 1, and the electric gas plug 55 corresponds to the liquid collecting chamber 54 one by one, and is installed with it in a sliding manner;

[0104] The gasket 56 is mounted on the partition plate 52 at one end away from the cable 1 by snap-fitting, and corresponds to the valve tube 53 one by one; the ball valve 57 is composed of an axial section and a ball section, and is rotatably mounted on one end of the valve tube 53 close to the axis of the sampling tube 51, and is rotatably mounted with the gasket 56 through a torsion spring; the external gear 58 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the axial section of the ball valve 57; the shaft disc 59 is rotatably mounted on the partition plate 52 at one end away from the cable 1 through a rotating shaft;

[0105] Reference Figure 1 and Fig.10 It can be seen that an opening and closing gear 591 meshing with the external gear 58 is fixedly installed at the axial position of the shaft disc 59 near one end of the liquid collecting chamber 54, and a guide plate 511 is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube 51 through symmetrically arranged ear seats, and the guide plate 511 is composed of a plurality of guide plates rotatably installed with each other, and a detachable counterweight 512 is evenly distributed on the bottom wall of the convex tube 42 away from one end of the cable 1 through a chuck;

[0106] The outer wall of the convex tube 42 and the head of the ball head box 43 are evenly provided with through grooves, and the axial direction of the through grooves in the convex tube 42 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the through grooves in the ball head box 43. In addition, the length of the through grooves on the outer wall of the convex tube 42 is five centimeters, and the length of the through grooves in the ball head box 43 is ten centimeters.

[0107] Pressure monitoring module 4 implementation process and function:

[0108] When the cable 1 pulls the pressure monitoring module 4 (the pressure monitoring module 4 near one end of the cable 1) to the depth near the target water area:

[0109] Cable 1 is continuously pulled back and forth in the target sea area (based on the ocean depth):

[0110] It is hereby explained that the pressure monitoring module 4 is always in a liquid environment in the seawater, so the seawater flowing into the ball head box 43 will be replaced in real time as the target water area changes. Although there is a process of replacement, the seawater in the regional stable state must be the seawater of the target sea area;

[0111] First, when the seawater near the target sea area flows into the ball head box 43, the through grooves evenly opened on the outer wall of the convex tube 42 outside the ball head box 43 will first cut the turbulence, pull, orderly guide and preliminarily divert the seawater flowing into the ball head box 43 (differentiate or alleviate the external properties of the seawater in the target water area imposed by the external environment);

[0112] Next, the seawater flowing into the ball head box 43 is further laminarized through the through groove at the head thereof (the seawater has been preliminarily treated by the convex cylinder 42), so as to fully ensure the relative uniformity, ideality and stability of the seawater inside the ball head box 43 (for details, please refer to the attached Figure 8 The area indicated by 1-a and 1-b);

[0113] Finally, the relatively stable seawater exerts a force on the hydration plug 46 inside the hydration cylinder 45. Under the reverse force, the hydration plug 46 compresses the return spring 48 (during the sliding process of the hydration plug 46, the gasket 47 away from one end of the positive electrode sheet 49 moves toward the other gasket 47, and the return spring 48 is compressed at this time), driving the positive electrode sheet 49 to move toward the negative electrode sheet 423 until the two are in contact.

[0114] The purpose of limiting the length of the through grooves in the convex cylinder 42 and the ball head box 43 is to fully ensure the diversion and relief time of seawater, thereby providing protection for the seawater flowing into the hydration cylinder 45;

[0115] The purpose of the linear increase of the return spring 48 is:

[0116] Affected by the change of seawater pressure at different depths, the elastic coefficient of the reset spring 48 is adjusted linearly accordingly; for example: a, b, c, d... represent the seawater depth interval code, and the depth sequence increases. Similarly, the reset spring 48 is marked with codes, taking 1, 2, 3, 4... as an example (when the positive electrode 49 contacts the negative electrode 423, the warning light 28 that cooperates with the compression state of the reset spring 48 at the corresponding position reflects the change of the internal pressure of the seawater to the sampler in real time, so the warning light 28 is also marked with codes: A1, A2, A3, A4...);

[0117] Scenario 1: In area a, 1 will perform compression with a specified deformation and ensure that A1 is always on within a specified time. At this time, the sampling module 5 can be turned on for sampling;

[0118] Scenario 2: At the junction of a and b, 1 is in or exceeds (the exceeding is relative, i.e., it does not break the limit of the reset spring 48 itself) the specified deformation range, and A1 is still in a constant light state within the specified time; 2 is about to or has not reached the specified deformation interval, and A2 is in an off, lighted, or alternately flashing state within the specified time. At this time, the sampling module 5 cannot be opened for sampling operation;

[0119] Similarly, the principles of the intersection of b and b, c and the intersection of c and c, d are the same as those described in the above scenarios 1 and 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0120] The purpose of symmetrical layout of pressure monitoring module 4 is:

[0121] Ensure that the sampling units can fully sample the seawater in the designated target sea area;

[0122] Take the above scenario 1 as an example (pressure monitoring module 4 far away from one end of cable 1):

[0123] At this time, A1 representing the pressure monitoring module 4 at this end must be always on, and A2 is off or flashing alternately; other scenarios are similar and will not be described in detail;

[0124] Terminal 424: a terminal for electrically connecting the positive electrode sheet 49 and the negative electrode sheet 423 to the outside world;

[0125] The specific working process of the sampling module 5 (when both pressure monitoring modules 4 are in a stable state):

[0126] The opening and closing gear 591 rotates under the control of the shaft disc 59, and the external gear 58 (one of them) rotates at a specified angle under the meshing action of the opening and closing gear 591. At this time, the ball valve 57 rotates synchronously at a specified angle inside the valve tube 53 (and when the ball valve 57 rotates 90 degrees, the external gear 58 is still in meshing state with the opening and closing gear 591). Specifically, the shaft disc 59 can be driven to rotate by the built-in motor 313;

[0127] After that, the seawater in the target sea area flows into the liquid collecting tank 54 through the valve pipe 53 under the external pressure. In this process, the external seawater is further sucked into the liquid collecting tank 54 through the contraction of the electric air plug 55.

[0128] After sampling of seawater in the target sea area is completed, the shaft disc 59 drives the opening and closing gear 591 to continue rotating until the opening and closing gear 591 is located between adjacent external gears 58. At this time, the ball valve 57 is driven to reverse to the initial state under the action of the torsion spring recovery (at this time, the ball valve 57 again closes the valve tube 53). After that, for sampling of seawater at different depths, it is only necessary to continue rotating the shaft disc 59 to intermittently open the ball valve 57 at different positions.

[0129] It is hereby explained that the vertical distance between the valve pipe opening and the negative electrode sheet (the specific vertical distance can be calculated by relevant professional equipment during the specific implementation, and the valve pipe and the negative electrode sheet can be reasonably arranged based on this) is to reserve sufficient time for the ball valve to close the valve pipe and the external medium flow channel when the sampling subject encounters extreme turbulence interference in seawater;

[0130] Cleaning process of the valve tube 53 and the interior of the liquid collecting chamber 54:

[0131] After all seawater sampling is completed, the external cleaning liquid is repeatedly pumped into the valve tube 53 and the inside and outside of the liquid collecting tank 54 through the reciprocating motion of the electric air plug 55, so as to remove the residues on the inner wall of the valve tube 53 and the liquid collecting tank 54, which helps to improve the authenticity of the sample;

[0132] Guide plate 511, counterweight block 512: The wave-shaped guide plate 511 can decompose and adapt to turbulence in multiple directions and angles (refer to fish fins for details), thereby increasing the balance and stability of the sampling module 5 body. Similarly, the counterweight block 512 also helps to improve the operating stability of the sampling module 5 and the pressure monitoring module 4 in seawater, thereby improving the sampling accuracy.

[0133] The working principle of the microplastic monitoring sampling device for seawater environment provided by the present invention is as follows: Step 1: First, the cross-beam platform 21 body is fixed by the pneumatic clamp 23 and the angle bracket 24, and then the line is released by the line wheel 26 and guided by the traction wheel 27, so that the line collection disk 41 synchronously controls the sampling module 5 and the pressure monitoring module 4 to move underwater to the specified position;

[0134] Step 2: Then, the seawater flowing into the hydration cylinder 45 is cut, diverted and guided through the grooves in the convex cylinder 42 and the ball head box 43. After that, the interaction between the seawater and the hydration plug 46 causes the return spring 48 to be compressed, and the positive electrode sheet 49 moves toward the negative electrode sheet 423 until the warning light 28 representing the designated sea area is always on;

[0135] Step 3: Finally, the shaft disc 59 drives the opening and closing gears 591 to mesh with the external gears 58 one by one. Under the control of the external gear 58, the ball valve 57 opens the communication channel between the valve tube 53 and the liquid collecting tank 54 and the external seawater. In this process, the contraction of the electric air plug 55 assists the external seawater to enter the liquid collecting tank 54. Finally, the ball valve 57, when the opening and closing gears 591 and the external gear 58 are disconnected, restores the valve tube 53 and the liquid collecting tank 54 to the external communication channel through the recovery action of the torsion spring.

[0136] The circuits and controls involved in the present invention are all prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0137] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microplastic monitoring and sampling device for a seawater environment, comprising a cable (1), wherein the cable (1) is formed by twisting a plurality of steel wire ropes around a fiber core, and wherein: The cable (1) is provided with a laying module (2) at the outside of the head end, an adjustment module (3) is slidably provided at the middle position of the cable (1), and two pressure monitoring modules (4) are provided at the end of the cable (1), which are symmetrically distributed, and a sampling module (5) is provided between the two pressure monitoring modules (4); The pressure monitoring module (4) comprises: A cable collection disk (41) is mounted on the end of the cable (1) and is composed of a plurality of cables and a disk; A convex cylinder (42) is mounted on an end surface of the cable collection plate (41) away from the cable (1) by snap-fitting; The ball head box (43) is mounted at the inner axial position of one end of the convex tube (42) away from the cable collection disk (41) through a sealing ring, and the interior of the ball head box (43) is a hollow structure, and the outer wall of the convex tube (42) and the head of the ball head box (43) are evenly provided with through grooves; The sealing rubber plate (44) is installed in a close-fitting and sliding manner at the middle position of the inner wall of the ball head box (43); The hydration cylinders (45) are six in number and are evenly distributed in the sealing rubber plate (44) and are embedded and seamlessly connected to the sealing rubber plate (44); A hydration plug (46) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the hydration cylinder (45), and the hydration plug (46) penetrates the inner wall of one end of the convex cylinder (42) away from the cable collection disk (41); Gaskets (47), two in a group, are sleeved on the outer wall of the hydration plug (46), and one of the gaskets (47) in the group is fixedly connected to the hydration plug (46), and the other gasket (47) is not only installed in a sliding fit with the hydration plug (46), but also fixedly connected to the inner wall of the end of the convex tube (42) away from the cable collection disk (41); A return spring (48) is sleeved and installed on the outer wall of the hydration plug (46) and is located between the two gaskets (47). In addition, the return spring (48) and the gasket (47) are fixedly connected, and the elastic coefficient of the return spring (48) increases linearly; A positive electrode sheet (49) is mounted on an end surface of the hydration plug (46) away from the cable collection disk (41); An outer frame (421) is evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer wall of one end of the convex cylinder (42) away from the ball head box (43), and the cross-sectional shape of the outer frame (421) is L-shaped. An annular sleeve (422) coaxially distributed with the hydration plug (46) is clamped and installed on the end face of the horizontal section of the outer frame (421) close to the convex cylinder (42). A negative electrode sheet (423) is clamped and installed at the axial position of the annular sleeve (422). A terminal (424) is clamped and installed on the end of the horizontal section of the outer frame (421) away from the convex cylinder (42); The laying module (2) comprises: A cross-platform (21) is arranged on one side outside the head end of the cable (1); Two side plates (22) are installed on the end of the cross-platform (21) away from the pressure monitoring module (4). There are two pneumatic clamps (23) which are symmetrically plug-in mounted at both ends of the side plate (22); There are two corner brackets (24) which are symmetrically mounted on the two ends of the end surface of the cross-platform (21) away from the side plate (22); A wire slot (25) is provided at a middle position of one end of the transverse platform (21) away from the side plate (22); There are two wire wheels (26) symmetrically distributed at both ends of the cross-platform (21), and the wire wheel (26) close to one end of the side plate (22) is connected to the cable (1) in a binding manner, and the other wire wheel (26) is installed in a rotationally matched manner with the cable (1); A traction wheel (27) is detachably mounted on an end surface of the cross platform (21) away from the wire wheel (26) by means of bolts, and the traction wheel (27) is located between the two wire wheels (26); Warning lights (28), the number of which is six, three in a group, and are assembled and symmetrically distributed on the end surface of the cross-beam platform (21) away from the corner frame (24); The adjustment module (3) comprises: The buoy (31) is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the cable (1), and the buoy (31) and the cable (1) are installed in a through-type manner; A glass fiber reinforced plastic sleeve (32) is mounted in a middle position of the outer wall of the buoy (31) by snap-fitting, and a chamfer is performed on a side of the glass fiber reinforced plastic sleeve (32) close to the end of the cable (1); A lead-in barrel (33) is mounted on the buoy (31) at the end surface axis position away from the end of the cable (1); The bottom guard frame (34) has an L-shaped cross section and is mounted on the end surface of the buoy (31) close to the lead wire barrel (33). In addition, the horizontal section of the bottom guard frame (34) penetrates the lead wire barrel (33); An outer joint tube (35) is threadedly mounted on the outer wall of the lead-in barrel (33); The vertical rods (36) are circumferentially plugged and distributed on one end of the outer joint pipe (35) close to the buoy (31); There are four strips (37) which are circumferentially clamped and mounted on the outer wall of the outer joint tube (35); Chain plates (38), two in a group, symmetrically rotatably mounted at both ends of each strip plate (37); The support plates (39) correspond to each set of chain plates (38) one by one, and the support plates (39) and the chain plates (38) are rotatably mounted, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is also L-shaped; The end face of the buoy (31) close to the lead tube (33) is provided with a mouth plate (311) in an axially clamped manner, and the mouth plate (311) corresponds to the support plate (39) one by one. In addition, the mouth plate (311) and the support plate (39) are installed in a sliding manner. A plate (312) is clamped and installed in the middle position of the inner wall of the vertical section of one of the mouth plates (311). The end of the plate (312) away from the support plate (39) is clamped and installed. The motor (313) has a driving pulley (314) installed at the output shaft end of the motor (313), and the driving pulley (314) is rotatably mounted with the horizontal section of the mouth plate (311) via a rotating shaft, and a driven pulley (315) matching with the driving gear is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of one end of the lead tube (33) close to the plate (312), and a belt is used to transmit the power between the driving pulley (314) and the driven pulley (315).

2. A microplastic monitoring and sampling device for seawater environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling module (5) comprises: The sampling tube (51) is one in number and is mounted between the outer walls of the two convex tubes (42) by means of a sealing ring; There are two partition plates (52) which are mounted on the inner wall of the sampling tube (51) by snap-fitting, and the vertical distance between the partition plates (52) and the terminal (424) is ten centimeters; There are four valve tubes (53) which are circumferentially plugged and installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube (51), and the valve tubes (53) are located between the two partition plates (52); The liquid collecting chamber (54) is plugged and installed at one end of the valve tube (53) close to the axis of the sampling tube (51), and the liquid collecting chamber (54) is located inside the sampling tube (51). In addition, the bottom wall of the liquid collecting chamber (54) is chamfered; The electric gas plugs (55) are embedded and distributed circumferentially on the partition plate (52) near one end of the cable (1), and the electric gas plugs (55) correspond to the liquid collecting tank (54) one by one and are installed in a sliding manner therewith; A gasket (56) is mounted on the partition plate (52) at one end away from the cable (1) by snap-fitting, and corresponds one-to-one with the valve tube (53); The ball valve (57) is composed of a shaft section and a ball section, and is rotationally mounted on one end of the valve tube (53) close to the axis of the sampling tube (51), and is rotationally mounted with the gasket (56) via a torsion spring; An external gear (58) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the shaft section of the ball valve (57); The shaft disc (59) is rotatably mounted on the partition plate (52) at one end away from the cable (1) via a rotating shaft.

3. A microplastic monitoring and sampling device for seawater environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: An opening and closing gear (591) meshing with an external gear (58) is fixedly installed at an axial position of one end of the shaft disc (59) close to the liquid collecting chamber (54); a guide plate (511) is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the sampling tube (51) through symmetrically arranged ear seats, and the guide plate (511) is composed of a plurality of guide plates rotatably installed with each other; and a detachable counterweight (512) is evenly distributed on the bottom wall of the convex tube (42) at one end away from the cable (1) through a chuck.

4. A microplastic monitoring and sampling device for seawater environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial direction of the through groove in the convex tube (42) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the through groove in the ball head box (43). In addition, the length of the through groove on the outer wall of the convex tube (42) is five centimeters, and the length of the through groove in the ball head box (43) is ten centimeters.

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