A fuel supply system based on pure ammonia

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of ammonia energy utilization, and in particular to a fuel supply system based on pure ammonia. The fuel supply system includes a liquid ammonia temperature control supply system, a liquid ammonia evaporation system, an ammonia cracking system, a gas storage and regulation system, and a purification system. The liquid ammonia temperature control supply system is used to adjust the temperature of liquid ammonia, and the temperature-adjusted liquid ammonia enters the first user end. The liquid ammonia evaporation system is used to heat and gasify liquid ammonia to form ammonia gas that enters the second user end, the ammonia cracking system is used to crack ammonia gas to form a first mixed gas that enters the third user end, the gas storage and regulation system is used to mix the incoming ammonia gas and the first mixed gas to form a second mixed gas, and the second mixed gas enters the fourth user end. The purification system is used to purify the incoming first mixed gas to form hydrogen, and the hydrogen enters the fifth user end. Pure liquid ammonia can realize the supply of various fuels such as liquid ammonia, ammonia gas, hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, and hydrogen through the fuel supply system to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ammonia energy utilization, and in particular to a fuel supply system based on pure ammonia. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen has great potential as a renewable clean fuel, but its low energy density and low ignition energy pose great challenges to the safety of transportation and storage. As a derivative of hydrogen, ammonia is a promising renewable energy source. The only products of complete combustion are nitrogen and water, and the production and transportation process is already quite mature.

[0003] Ammonia is a pungent, colorless, and highly corrosive gas at room temperature. It also has a low laminar combustion velocity and calorific value, requires a high ignition capacity, has a high ignition temperature, and has a narrow explosion limit between 16% and 25%. Ammonia is used as a substance for hydrogen storage, hydrogen replacement, and hydrogen production. Its main application is hydrogen production. The use scenario is single, and part of the gas produced during the hydrogen production process is severely wasted, resulting in a low utilization rate of ammonia.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ammonia fuel supply system that can achieve comprehensive and efficient supply of multiple energy forms such as hydrogen, electricity, heat, and cold to adapt to various usage scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a fuel supply system based on pure ammonia, which solves the technical problems of single use scenario of the output in the ammonia-to-hydrogen process and low utilization rate of ammonia as fuel.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0009] The embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel supply system based on pure ammonia, including a liquid ammonia temperature control supply system, a liquid ammonia evaporation system, an ammonia cracking system, a gas storage and regulation system and a purification system; the liquid ammonia temperature control supply system is used to provide liquid ammonia and adjust the temperature of the liquid ammonia, and the temperature-adjusted liquid ammonia enters a first user end and a liquid ammonia evaporation system respectively; the liquid ammonia evaporation system is used to heat and gasify the incoming liquid ammonia to form ammonia, and the ammonia enters a second user end, an ammonia cracking system and a gas storage and regulation system respectively; the ammonia cracking system is used to crack the incoming ammonia to form a first mixed gas, the first mixed gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen, and the first mixed gas enters a third user end and a gas storage and regulation system respectively; the gas storage and regulation system is used to mix the incoming ammonia and the first mixed gas to form a second mixed gas, and the second mixed gas enters a fourth user end, and the second mixed gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia; the gas storage and regulation system is also used to provide the purification system with the first mixed gas after detection; the purification system is used to purify the incoming first mixed gas to form hydrogen, and the hydrogen enters a fifth user end.

[0010] Preferably, the liquid ammonia evaporation system comprises an evaporator, a circulating water device and an ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank; the water inlet of the evaporator is connected to the water outlet of the circulating water device, the liquid inlet of the evaporator is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid ammonia temperature control supply system, the gas outlet of the evaporator is connected to the gas inlet of the ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank, and the first gas outlet, the second gas outlet and the third gas outlet of the ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank are respectively connected to the second user end, the ammonia cracking system and the gas storage and regulation system; the circulating water device is used to exchange heat with the evaporator to vaporize the liquid ammonia in the evaporator to form ammonia gas that enters the ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank.

[0011] Preferably, the liquid ammonia evaporation system also includes a first plasma ignition burner; the fourth gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank is connected to the first plasma ignition burner to provide it with room temperature ammonia, and the first plasma ignition burner is used to heat the room temperature ammonia to form high-temperature ammonia, and the high-temperature ammonia enters the sixth user end.

[0012] Preferably, the ammonia cracking system includes a second plasma ignition burner and a cracking heat exchanger; the second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank is respectively connected to the gas inlets of the second plasma ignition burner and the cracking heat exchanger; the second plasma ignition burner burns the incoming ammonia to heat the cracking heat exchanger, a catalyst is provided in the cracking heat exchanger, and the ammonia in the cracking heat exchanger is cracked under high-temperature catalysis to form a first mixed gas.

[0013] Preferably, the ammonia cracking system also includes an ignition combustion gas supply regulating device; the second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure regulating tank is connected to the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device, and the ammonia is connected to the second plasma ignition burner through the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device; the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device includes an igniter gas supply unit and a main furnace fire head gas supply assembly; the main furnace fire head gas supply assembly includes a first-level gas supply unit, a second-level gas supply unit to an n-level gas supply unit in parallel, wherein n is an integer and is greater than or equal to 2; the second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure regulating tank is optionally connected to the igniter gas supply unit and the air inlet of each level of gas supply unit to provide ammonia therefor, the gas outlet of the igniter gas supply unit is connected to the igniter of the second plasma ignition burner, and the gas outlet of each level of gas supply unit is connected to the main furnace fire head of the second plasma ignition burner; the second-level gas supply unit to the n-level gas supply unit and the igniter gas supply unit all adjust the gas supply flow by setting a throttling assembly, and the gas supply flow decreases successively from the first-level gas supply unit to the level gas supply unit.

[0014] Preferably, the ammonia cracking system further includes a first filter; the cracking heat exchanger cracks the ammonia to form a first mixed gas which passes through the first filter and enters the third user end and the gas storage and regulation system respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the gas storage and regulation system includes a gas storage tank and a regulating device; the gas outlet of the cracking heat exchanger is respectively connected to the gas storage tank and the third user end; the first gas outlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the first gas inlet of the regulating device, and the second gas outlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the gas inlet of the purification system; the third gas outlet of the ammonia pressure regulating tank is connected to the second gas inlet of the regulating device, and the gas outlet of the regulating device is connected to the fourth user end; the regulating device is used to mix the incoming ammonia and the first mixed gas to form a second mixed gas.

[0016] Preferably, the gas storage and regulation system also includes a hydrogen measuring device; the third gas outlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen measuring device, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen measuring device is connected to the gas inlet of the second plasma ignition burner; the hydrogen measuring device is used to detect the concentration of hydrogen in the gas storage tank, and the second mixed gas after detection enters the second plasma ignition burner for combustion.

[0017] Preferably, the hydrogen measuring device includes a regulating component, a cooling component and a hydrogen measuring component which are connected in sequence; the third air outlet of the gas tank is connected to the air inlet of the regulating component; the regulating component is used to reduce the pressure of the first mixed gas output by the gas tank; the cooling component is used to cool the first mixed gas after the pressure is reduced; the hydrogen measuring component is used to detect the hydrogen content of the first mixed gas after the temperature is reduced; the air outlet of the hydrogen measuring component is connected to the air inlet of the second plasma ignition burner.

[0018] The liquid ammonia temperature control supply system includes a liquid storage tank containing liquid ammonia, a temperature control room and a second filter;

[0019] The liquid storage tank is arranged in the temperature-controlled room, and the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the second filter. The liquid ammonia in the liquid storage tank is filtered by the second filter and then enters the first user end and the liquid ammonia evaporation system respectively.

[0020] (III) Beneficial effects

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] A fuel supply system based on pure ammonia of the present invention comprises a liquid ammonia temperature control supply system, a liquid ammonia evaporation system, an ammonia cracking system, a gas storage and regulation system and a purification system. The liquid ammonia temperature control supply system is used to adjust the temperature of liquid ammonia, and the temperature-controlled liquid ammonia enters the first user end and the liquid ammonia evaporation system respectively. The liquid ammonia evaporation system is used to heat and vaporize the incoming liquid ammonia to form ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas enters the second user end, the ammonia cracking system and the gas storage and regulation system respectively. The ammonia cracking system is used to crack the incoming ammonia gas to form a first mixed gas, and the first mixed gas enters the third user end and the gas storage and regulation system respectively. The gas storage and regulation system is used to mix the incoming ammonia gas and the first mixed gas to form a second mixed gas, and the second mixed gas enters the fourth user end. The gas storage and regulation system is also used to provide the first mixed gas after detection for the purification system. The purification system is used to purify the incoming first mixed gas to form hydrogen, and the hydrogen enters the fifth user end. Pure liquid ammonia can realize the supply of various fuels such as liquid ammonia, ammonia, hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas and hydrogen through the fuel supply system, which meets the needs of different application scenarios, has a wide range of applications, and improves the utilization rate of ammonia as a fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow diagram of a fuel supply system based on pure ammonia according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the ignition combustion air supply regulating device;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the throttling component;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen measuring device;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of

[0028] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment component.

[0029] [Description of Reference Numerals]

[0030] A: Liquid ammonia temperature control supply system; B: Liquid ammonia evaporation system; C: Ammonia cracking system; D: Gas storage and regulation system; E: Purification system; 1: First user end; 2: Second user end; 3: Third user end; 4: Fourth user end; 5: Fifth user end; 6: Seventh user end; 7: Evaporator; 8: Circulating water device; 9: Ammonia pressure regulating tank; 10: First plasma ignition burner; 11: Sixth user end; 12: Second plasma ignition burner; 121: Ignitor; 122: Main furnace head; 13: Cracking heat exchanger; 14: Ignition combustion gas supply regulating device; 141: Ignitor gas supply unit; 1411: Second connecting pipeline; 1412: Second valve; 1413: Buffer tank; 1414: Exhaust fan; 141 5: the third valve; 142: the main furnace fire head gas supply assembly; 1421: the first gas supply unit; 1422: the second gas supply unit; 142n: the n-level gas supply unit; 142a: the first connecting pipeline; 142b; the first valve; 15: the first filter; 16: the gas storage tank; 17: the regulating device; 18: the hydrogen measuring device; 181: the regulating assembly; 1811: the regulating pipeline; 1812: the regulating orifice; 1813: the throttling hole; 182: the cooling assembly; 1821: the cooling box; 1822: the cooling pipe; 183: the hydrogen measuring assembly; 1831: the buffer box; 1832: the hydrogen measuring instrument; 19: the liquid storage tank; 20: the regulating room; 21: the second filter; G: the throttling assembly; G1: the throttling pipeline; G2: the throttling orifice. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation modes in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a fuel supply system based on pure ammonia, and the fuel supply system includes a liquid ammonia temperature control supply system A, a liquid ammonia evaporation system B, an ammonia cracking system C, a gas storage and regulation system D and a purification system E.

[0033] The liquid ammonia temperature control supply system A is used to provide liquid ammonia and adjust the temperature of the liquid ammonia. The liquid ammonia after temperature control enters the first user end 1 and the liquid ammonia evaporation system B respectively. The liquid ammonia evaporation system B is used to heat and vaporize the incoming liquid ammonia to form ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas enters the second user end 2 respectively. Ammonia cracking system C and gas storage and regulation system D. The ammonia cracking system C is used to crack the incoming ammonia gas to form a first mixed gas, which is a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen. The first mixed gas enters the third user end 3 and the gas storage and regulation system D respectively. The gas storage and regulation system D is used to mix the incoming ammonia gas and the first mixed gas to form a second mixed gas, and the second mixed gas enters the fourth user end 4. The second mixed gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia. The gas storage and regulation system D is also used to provide the first mixed gas after detection for the purification system E. The purification system E is used to purify the incoming first mixed gas to form hydrogen, and the hydrogen enters the fifth user end 5.

[0034] Pure liquid ammonia can realize the supply of liquid ammonia, ammonia, hydrogen-nitrogen mixture (hydrogen-nitrogen mixture), ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixture (ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixture) and various types of hydrogen fuels through the fuel supply system in this embodiment, which meets the different needs of application scenarios in different user ends, has a wide range of applications, and improves the utilization rate of ammonia as fuel.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the liquid ammonia temperature control supply system A includes a liquid storage tank 19, a temperature control room 20 and a second filter 21. The liquid storage tank 19 is used to store liquid ammonia. The liquid storage tank 19 is arranged in the temperature control room 20. The temperature control room 20 is used to control the temperature of the liquid ammonia in the liquid storage tank 19. The liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 19 is connected to the second filter 21. The liquid ammonia in the liquid storage tank 19 is divided into two paths after filtering impurities through the second filter 21. One path of temperature-controlled liquid ammonia directly enters the first user end 1 and the other path of temperature-controlled liquid ammonia enters the liquid ammonia evaporation system B. Among them, the temperature control room 20 provides a temperature-adjustable environment of 0°C~20°C for the liquid ammonia tank, ensures that the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank is at a constant temperature, ensures that the system pressure is at a stable value of 0.4~0.8MPa, and improves the reliability of the system.

[0036] The liquid ammonia evaporation system B includes an evaporator 7, a circulating water device 8, an ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank 9 and a first plasma ignition burner 10. The liquid outlet of the second filter 21 in the liquid ammonia temperature control supply system A is connected to the liquid inlet of the evaporator 7 to provide it with temperature-controlled liquid ammonia. The water inlet of the evaporator 7 is connected to the water outlet of the circulating water device 8, and the air outlet of the evaporator 7 is connected to the air inlet of the ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank 9. The circulating water device 8 is used for heat exchange with the evaporator 7 to vaporize the liquid ammonia in the evaporator 7 to form ammonia gas that enters the ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank 9. The gas outlet of the ammonia pressure regulating tank 9 is divided into four paths through the first gas outlet, the second gas outlet, the third gas outlet and the fourth gas outlet, respectively connected to the second user end 2, the ammonia cracking system C, the gas storage and regulation system D and the first plasma ignition burner 10, so as to provide room-temperature ammonia for the second user end 2, the ammonia to be cracked for the ammonia cracking system C, the ammonia to be mixed for the gas storage and regulation system D, and the room-temperature ammonia to be heated for the first plasma ignition burner 10. Among them, the first plasma ignition burner 10 is used to heat the room-temperature ammonia to form high-temperature ammonia, and the high-temperature ammonia enters the sixth user end 11 to provide the sixth user end 11 with high-temperature ammonia.

[0037] Among them, the circulating water device 8 includes a heat source and a circulating water pump. The heat source enters the evaporator 7 through the circulating water pump and forms a refrigerant after heat exchange with the evaporator 7. The refrigerant can directly enter the seventh user end 6 to provide a cold source for the seventh user end 6.

[0038] The ammonia cracking system C includes a second plasma ignition burner 12, a cracking heat exchanger 13 and a first filter 15. The second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank 9 is divided into two paths, which are respectively connected to the air inlets of the second plasma ignition burner 12 and the cracking heat exchanger 13 to provide ammonia for both. The ammonia enters the igniter 121 and the main furnace fire head 122 of the second plasma ignition burner 12 respectively. The second plasma ignition burner 12 burns the entering ammonia to heat the cracking heat exchanger 13. A catalyst is provided in the cracking heat exchanger 13, and the catalyst is a nickel-based, ruthenium-based or iron-based ammonia catalyst. The ammonia in the cracking heat exchanger 13 is heated to 400°C-600°C by the high temperature of the second plasma ignition burner 12 and is rapidly cracked by the catalyst to form a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. The hydrogen and nitrogen mixture formed by the cracking heat exchanger 13 passes through the first filter 15 to filter the catalyst powder and then enters the third user end 3 and the gas storage and regulation system D respectively, providing the third user end 3 and the gas storage and regulation system D with the hydrogen and nitrogen mixture.

[0039] In order to avoid the problem of insufficient combustion and leakage caused by a large flow of ammonia gas entering the second plasma ignition burner 12, and thus avoid environmental pollution, the ammonia cracking system C also includes an ignition combustion gas supply regulating device 14. The second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure regulating tank 9 is connected to the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device 14, and the ammonia gas is connected to the second plasma ignition burner 12 through the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device 14.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the ignition and combustion gas supply regulating device 14 includes an igniter gas supply unit 141 and a main furnace fire head gas supply assembly 142. The main furnace fire head gas supply assembly 142 includes a first-level gas supply unit 1421, a second-level gas supply unit 1422 to an n-level gas supply unit 142n connected in parallel, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. In the present embodiment, n is preferably 3.

[0041] Since the main furnace fire head gas supply assembly 142 includes parallel multi-stage gas supply units and the gas supply flow rate decreases successively, when it is necessary to increase the combustion flow rate and increase the heating amount, the low-level gas supply unit can be opened to realize the "shifting" adjustment of the ammonia flow rate entering the main furnace fire head 122.

[0042] The second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank 9 can be optionally connected to the igniter gas supply unit 141 and the gas inlet of each stage of the gas supply unit to provide ammonia therefor, that is, the ammonia in the second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank 9 is divided into two paths, one path is used to provide ignition and combustion for the igniter 121 in the second plasma ignition burner 12, and the other path is used to provide fuel for continuous combustion of the main furnace fire head 122 in the second plasma ignition burner 12.

[0043] The gas outlet of the igniter gas supply unit 141 is used to communicate with the igniter 121 of the second plasma ignition burner 12, and the gas outlet of each level of the gas supply unit is used to communicate with the main furnace head 122 of the second plasma ignition burner 12. The secondary gas supply unit 1422 to the n-level gas supply unit 142n and the igniter gas supply unit 141 are all provided with a throttling component G to adjust the gas supply flow. Since the igniter gas supply unit 141 adjusts the gas flow by providing the throttling component G and thus can achieve a small flow adjustment of the gas, the flow entering the second plasma ignition burner 12 can be accurately controlled, thereby improving the success rate of ignition of the igniter 121 in the second plasma ignition burner 12.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, each level of the gas supply unit includes a first connecting pipeline 142a and a first valve 142b, and the first valve 142b is arranged on the first connecting pipeline 142a, wherein the air inlet of the first connecting pipeline 142a is connected to the second air outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank 9, and the air outlet of the first connecting pipeline 142a is connected to the main furnace fire head 122.

[0045] In the secondary air supply unit 1422 to the n-stage air supply unit 142n: the throttling component G and the first valve 142b are connected in series on the first connecting pipeline 142a, and the air supply flow rate in the throttling component G decreases successively from the secondary air supply unit 1422 to the n-stage air supply unit 142n.

[0046] like Figure 3As shown, in the secondary air supply unit 1422 to the n-stage air supply unit 142n and the igniter air supply unit 141: the throttling assembly G includes a plurality of throttling pipes G1, and a throttling orifice plate G2 is provided between two adjacent throttling pipes G1 and at the outer ends of the throttling pipes G1 on both sides, and the number of the throttling pipes G1 decreases successively from the secondary air supply unit 1422 to the n-stage air supply unit 142n.

[0047] The igniter air supply unit 141 includes a second connecting pipeline 1411, a second valve 1412, a third valve 1415, a buffer tank 1413 and an exhaust fan 1414, the second valve 1412 and the buffer tank 1413 are both arranged on the second connecting pipeline 1411, wherein the air inlet of the second connecting pipeline 1411 is connected to the second air outlet of the ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank 9, and the air outlet of the second connecting pipeline 1411 is connected to the igniter 121, and the throttling component G in the igniter air supply unit 141 and the second valve 1412 are connected in series on the second connecting pipeline 1411. The air outlet of the throttling assembly G in the igniter air supply unit 141 is communicated with the first air inlet of the buffer tank 1413, the air outlet of the exhaust fan 1414 is communicated with the second air inlet of the buffer tank 1413, the air outlet of the buffer tank 1413 is communicated with the igniter 121, and the third valve 1415 is arranged between the exhaust fan 1414 and the buffer tank 1413. By arranging the buffer tank 1413 and the exhaust fan 1414, air is drawn in before starting the igniter 121, and the air is ionized in advance by taking advantage of the good air ionization effect of the igniter 121, so as to ensure that the ammonia can be ignited in time, and further improve the success rate and reliability of ignition.

[0048] Working process of the ignition combustion air supply regulating device 14: when working, first open the third valve 1415 and the exhaust fan 1414, draw air into the buffer tank 1413, connect the igniter 121 in the second plasma ignition burner 12, and the igniter 121 ionizes the air to form high-temperature ionized air. Close the third valve 1415, open the second valve 1412, and the ammonia enters the buffer tank 1413 through the throttling component G in the igniter air supply unit 141, and then enters the igniter 121 to mix with the high-temperature ionized air to ignite and burn. After the igniter 121 burns, the first valve 142b in the n-level gas supply unit 142n is opened, and the ammonia enters the main furnace head 122 after the gas supply flow is adjusted by the throttling component G in the n-level gas supply unit 142n. The igniter 121 ignites and burns the ammonia in the main furnace head 122. After the ammonia in the main furnace head 122 burns stably, the first valve 142b in the n-level gas supply unit 142n and the power supply of the igniter 121 are closed. When it is necessary to increase the combustion heat, the first valve 142b in the lower-level gas supply unit is opened. After the combustion flame of the main furnace head 122 is stable, the first valve 142b in the lower-level gas supply unit is opened to realize the high-fire operation of the main furnace head. At the same time, the gear shift adjustment can be performed according to the combustion status of the subsequent burner.

[0049] In this embodiment, by setting a throttling component G in the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device 14, throttling and reducing pressure are performed first, so as to realize a low-flow rapid start of the ignition air intake of the igniter 121 in the second plasma ignition burner 12 and the combustion air intake of the main furnace head 122. Furthermore, when the fuel of the second plasma ignition burner 12 is ammonia, the gas supply regulating device can realize the rapid ignition and step-by-step combustion of ammonia, and effectively control the combustion temperature and heat.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the gas storage and regulation system D includes a gas storage tank 16, a regulating device 17 and a hydrogen measuring device 18. The mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen formed by the cracking heat exchanger 13 enters the gas storage tank 16. The first gas outlet of the gas storage tank 16 is connected to the first gas inlet of the regulating device 17 to provide it with a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen. The third gas outlet of the ammonia pressure regulating tank 9 is connected to the second gas inlet of the regulating device 17 to provide it with ammonia, and then a second mixture of ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen can be formed in the regulating device 17 and enter the fourth user terminal 4. The regulating device 17 is used to adjust the concentration and temperature of ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the temperature of the mixture is cooled down by a cooling pipe group in the regulating device 17 to reach the required temperature.

[0051] The second gas outlet of the gas storage tank 16 is connected to the gas inlet of the purification system E, so as to provide the purification system E with a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, which is purified by the purification system E to form hydrogen, and the hydrogen enters the fifth user terminal 5. It should be noted that hydrogen purification can be carried out by low-temperature separation, pressure swing adsorption technology, membrane separation technology, physical / chemical adsorption, metal hydride purification and other technologies. In this embodiment, the specific structure of hydrogen purification is not limited.

[0052] In order to detect the cracking effect of the high-temperature cracking device, the hydrogen concentration in the gas storage tank 16 can be detected by the hydrogen measuring device 18.

[0053] Among them, the third gas outlet of the gas tank 16 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen measuring device 18, and the gas outlet of the hydrogen measuring device 18 is connected to the gas inlet of the second plasma ignition burner 12. The hydrogen measuring device 18 is used to detect the concentration of hydrogen in the gas tank 16. The detected second mixed gas enters the second plasma ignition burner 12 for combustion.

[0054] like Figure 4As shown, the hydrogen measuring device 18 includes a regulating component 181, a cooling component 182 and a hydrogen measuring component 183 which are connected in sequence. The third gas outlet of the gas storage tank 16 is connected to the gas inlet of the regulating component 181. The regulating component 181 is used to reduce the pressure of the second mixed gas output by the gas storage tank 16. The cooling component 182 is used to cool the second mixed gas after the pressure reduction. The hydrogen measuring component 183 is used to detect the hydrogen content of the second mixed gas after the temperature is reduced. The gas outlet of the hydrogen measuring component 183 is connected to the gas inlet of the second plasma ignition burner 12.

[0055] The high-temperature and high-pressure mixed gas output from the cracking heat exchanger 13 to the gas storage tank 16 is cooled and depressurized by the regulating component 181 and the cooling component 182, and then the first mixed gas is tested for hydrogen by the hydrogen measuring component 183, thereby realizing the detection of the hydrogen concentration of the high-temperature and high-pressure first mixed gas output from the cracking heat exchanger 13. At the same time, since the gas outlet of the hydrogen measuring component 183 is connected to the gas inlet of the second plasma ignition burner 12, after the first mixed gas is tested, the first mixed gas after the test is absorbed by the second plasma ignition burner 12 to avoid environmental pollution. When the hydrogen concentration is detected to be too low, it means that the high-temperature cracking device does not crack ammonia sufficiently, and the first mixed gas in the gas storage tank 16 can be re-entered into the high-temperature cracking device by opening and closing the valve for high-temperature catalysis, that is, re-cracking to improve the cracking effect, so as to achieve complete cracking of ammonia with a concentration of 75%.

[0056] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the regulating assembly 181 includes a plurality of regulating pipes 1811 connected in series, and regulating orifice plates 1812 are provided between two adjacent regulating pipes 1811 and at the outer ends of the regulating pipes 1811 at both ends. The regulating orifice plate 1812 at the head end of the regulating assembly 181 is connected to the gas outlet of the gas storage tank 16, and the regulating orifice plate 1812 at the tail end of the regulating assembly 181 is connected to the cooling assembly 182. The regulating orifice plate 1812 is provided with at least one regulating hole 1813. The regulating pipe 1811 and the regulating orifice plate 1812 are connected by welding. It should be noted that the structure of the regulating orifice plate 1812 is the same as that of the throttling orifice plate, and both are achieved by setting a local resistance in the pipeline so that the pressure of the fluid is reduced when passing through the orifice plate, thereby achieving fluid decompression and flow regulation.

[0057] It should be noted that the number of regulating pipes 1811 and the number and diameter of holes in the regulating orifice plate 1812 may be specifically set according to actual pressure reduction requirements. In this embodiment, the number of regulating pipes 1811 in the regulating assembly 181 is two. The regulating orifice plate 1812 includes an regulating hole 1813 .

[0058] like Figure 5As shown, the cooling assembly 182 includes a cooling box 1821 and a cooling pipe 1822. The cooling pipe 1822 is arranged in the cooling box 1821. The inlet and outlet of the cooling pipe 1822 extend out of the cooling box 1821 and communicate with the cold source. To increase the cooling effect in the cooling box 1821, the cooling pipe 1822 is spirally shaped to increase the cooling path of the cooling pipe 1822 in a certain space.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, the hydrogen measuring component 183 includes a buffer box 1831 and a hydrogen measuring instrument 1832. The detection end of the hydrogen measuring instrument 1832 extends into the buffer box 1831 to detect the hydrogen content in the first mixed gas after pressure reduction and temperature reduction in the buffer box 1831. Among them, the regulating orifice plate 1812 at the tail end of the regulating component 181 is connected to the first end of the cooling box 1821, the first end of the buffer box 1831 is connected to the second end of the cooling box 1821, and the second end of the buffer box 1831 is connected to the air inlet of the second plasma ignition burner 12.

[0060] Working process of the hydrogen measuring component: the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed gas output by the gas tank 16 is depressurized by the regulating orifice plate 1812 in the regulating component 181 and then enters the cooling box 1821 in the cooling component 182 for cooling. The mixed gas after cooling and depressurization enters the buffer box 1831 in the hydrogen measuring component 183 and the hydrogen content of the mixed gas is detected by the hydrogen measuring instrument 1832. The detected mixed gas then enters the second plasma ignition burner 12 for combustion.

[0061] During operation, the temperature in the control room 20 can be adjusted at 0℃~20℃, the pressure in the liquid storage tank 19 is maintained at 0.4~0.8MPa, and the valve V01 is opened. The liquid ammonia comes out of the liquid storage tank 19 and passes through the second filter 21 into the evaporator 7, and is heated and vaporized by the circulating water device 8 to form ammonia gas. The valve V17 is opened, and the circulating water becomes cold water after heat exchange, which can provide refrigerant water for the seventh user end 6. After opening the valve V18, liquid ammonia fuel can be provided for the first user end 1.

[0062] The vaporized ammonia enters the ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank 9, and is divided into five routes, which enter various devices through valves V02~V06 respectively. The first route can directly provide room-temperature ammonia fuel to the second user end 2 by opening valve V02; the second route is divided into three branches by opening valve V03 and enters the igniter, main furnace fire head and temporary storage tank of the first plasma ignition burner 10 respectively, two of which are burned in the igniter and main furnace fire head of the plasma ignition burner, and the other branch is directly heated by the first plasma ignition burner 10 through the temporary storage tank to form high-temperature ammonia, which is provided to the sixth user end 11 through valve V16. The third route passes through valve V04 and enters the cracking heat exchanger 13. The fourth route passes through valve V05 and enters the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device 14. After "shift-type" flow and pressure regulation, the ammonia enters the second plasma ignition burner 12 of the high-temperature cracking device and burns, and heats the nickel-based, ruthenium-based or iron-based ammonia catalyst in the cracking heat exchanger 13 to a temperature of 400°C to 600°C. The third route of ammonia is rapidly cracked into a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen under high-temperature catalytic conditions in the cracking heat exchanger. The fifth route enters the regulating device 17 through valve V06.

[0063] The hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas is divided into two paths through the first filter 15, one path enters the gas tank 16 through the valve V09, and the other path can provide hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas fuel for the third user end 3 by opening the valve V07. The hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas entering the gas tank 16 enters the regulating device 17 through the valve V08, and mixes with the pure ammonia therein to form ammonia, hydrogen, and nitrogen mixed gas with adjustable concentration and temperature, and opens the valve V15 to enter the fourth user end 4. At the same time, the hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas in the gas tank 16 can enter the hydrogen measuring device 18 by opening the valve V10 to detect the hydrogen concentration, ensure that the cracked gas concentration meets the requirements, and use the cracked gas after the detection to enter the second plasma ignition burner 12 for combustion. If the cracked ammonia concentration does not meet the requirements, it can enter the air inlet of the cracking heat exchanger 13 by opening the valve V11 to be cracked again until it is qualified.

[0064] The hydrogen and nitrogen mixture in the gas storage tank 16 can also enter the purification system for cooling and purification by opening the valve V12. The cooled liquid ammonia provides liquid ammonia fuel to the first user end 1 through the valve V14. At the same time, the hydrogen purified by low-temperature separation, pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation technology, physical / chemical adsorption or metal hydride purification technology provides hydrogen fuel to the fifth user end 5 through the valve V13, and the purified nitrogen is discharged.

[0065] Through the above steps, the supply of various fuels of different concentrations such as liquid ammonia, cold water, ammonia, high-temperature ammonia, high-temperature hydrogen-nitrogen mixture, hydrogen-nitrogen mixture, ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixture, adjustable ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixture, and hydrogen can be achieved, thereby improving the user adaptability of the fuel supply system.

[0066] It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, two adjacent structures are connected by a pipeline, and an opening and closing valve is provided on the pipeline. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0067] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0068] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, when a first feature is “on” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, when a first feature is “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. When a first feature is “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature, it may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or it may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0069] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "embodiment", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0070] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may alter, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel supply system based on pure ammonia, characterized in that: It includes a liquid ammonia temperature control supply system (A), a liquid ammonia evaporation system (B), an ammonia cracking system (C), a gas storage and regulation system (D) and a purification system (E); The liquid ammonia temperature control supply system (A) is used to provide liquid ammonia and control the temperature of the liquid ammonia, and the temperature-controlled liquid ammonia enters the first user end (1) and the liquid ammonia evaporation system (B) respectively; The liquid ammonia evaporation system (B) is used to heat and gasify the incoming liquid ammonia to form ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas enters the second user end (2), the ammonia cracking system (C) and the gas storage and regulation system (D) respectively; The ammonia cracking system (C) is used to crack the incoming ammonia to form a first mixed gas, wherein the first mixed gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen, and the first mixed gas enters the third user end (3) and the gas storage and regulation system (D) respectively; The gas storage and regulation system (D) is used to mix the incoming ammonia gas with the first mixed gas to form a second mixed gas, and the second mixed gas enters the fourth user end (4), and the second mixed gas is a mixed gas of hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia; The gas storage and regulation system (D) is also used to provide the first mixed gas after detection to the purification system (E); The purification system (E) is used to purify the first mixed gas entering into hydrogen, and the hydrogen enters the fifth user end (5); The ammonia cracking system (C) comprises a second plasma ignition burner (12) and a cracking heat exchanger (13); The second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank (9) of the liquid ammonia evaporation system (B) is respectively connected to the second plasma ignition burner (12) and the gas inlet of the cracking heat exchanger (13); The second plasma ignition burner (12) burns the incoming ammonia gas to heat the cracking heat exchanger (13); a catalyst is provided in the cracking heat exchanger (13); the ammonia gas in the cracking heat exchanger (13) is cracked under high temperature catalysis to form the first mixed gas; The ammonia cracking system (C) further comprises an ignition combustion gas supply regulating device (14); The second gas outlet of the ammonia gas pressure regulating tank (9) is connected to the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device (14), and the ammonia gas is connected to the second plasma ignition burner (12) through the ignition combustion gas supply regulating device (14); The ignition combustion gas supply regulating device (14) comprises an igniter gas supply unit (141) and a main furnace burner gas supply assembly (142); The main furnace burner gas supply assembly (142) comprises a first-stage gas supply unit (1421), a second-stage gas supply unit (1422) to an n-stage gas supply unit (142n) connected in parallel, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; The second gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank (9) is respectively connected to the igniter gas supply unit (141) and the gas inlet of each stage of the gas supply unit to provide ammonia therefor, the gas outlet of the igniter gas supply unit (141) is connected to the igniter (121) of the second plasma ignition burner (12), and the gas outlet of each stage of the gas supply unit is connected to the main furnace burner (122) of the second plasma ignition burner (12); The secondary air supply unit (1422) to the n-stage air supply unit (142n) and the igniter air supply unit (141) all adjust the air supply flow rate by providing a throttling component (G), and the air supply flow rate decreases successively from the primary air supply unit (1421) to the n-stage air supply unit (142n).

2. The pure ammonia based fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid ammonia evaporation system (B) comprises an evaporator (7), a circulating water device (8) and an ammonia pressure stabilizing tank (9); The water inlet of the evaporator (7) is communicated with the water outlet of the circulating water device (8), the liquid inlet of the evaporator (7) is communicated with the liquid outlet of the liquid ammonia temperature control supply system (A), the gas outlet of the evaporator (7) is communicated with the gas inlet of the ammonia pressure regulating tank (9), and the first gas outlet, the second gas outlet and the third gas outlet of the ammonia pressure regulating tank (9) are respectively connected to the second user end (2), the ammonia cracking system (C) and the gas storage and regulation system (D); The circulating water device (8) is used to exchange heat with the evaporator (7) to vaporize the liquid ammonia in the evaporator (7) to form ammonia gas which enters the ammonia pressure-stabilizing tank (9).

3. The pure ammonia based fuel supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid ammonia evaporation system (B) further comprises a first plasma ignition burner (10); The fourth gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank (9) is connected to the first plasma ignition burner (10) for providing room-temperature ammonia thereto, and the first plasma ignition burner (10) is used to heat the room-temperature ammonia to form high-temperature ammonia, and the high-temperature ammonia enters the sixth user end (11).

4. The pure ammonia based fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia cracking system (C) further comprises a first filter (15); The first mixed gas is cracked by the cracking heat exchanger (13) and enters the third user end (3) and the gas storage and regulation system (D) respectively through the first filter (15).

5. The pure ammonia based fuel supply system of claim 1, characterized in that 、 The gas storage and regulating system (D) comprises a gas storage tank (16) and a regulating device (17); The gas outlet of the cracking heat exchanger (13) is respectively connected to the gas storage tank (16) and the third user end (3); The first air outlet of the air storage tank (16) is in communication with the first air inlet of the regulating device (17), and the second air outlet of the air storage tank (16) is in communication with the air inlet of the purification system (E); The third gas outlet of the ammonia pressure stabilizing tank (9) is in communication with the second gas inlet of the regulating device (17), and the gas outlet of the regulating device (17) is in communication with the fourth user end; The regulating device (17) is used for mixing the incoming ammonia gas and the first mixed gas to form the second mixed gas.

6. The pure ammonia based fuel supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas storage and regulation system (D) further comprises a hydrogen measuring device (18); The third gas outlet of the gas storage tank (16) is in communication with the gas inlet of the hydrogen measuring device (18), and the gas outlet of the hydrogen measuring device (18) is in communication with the gas inlet of the second plasma ignition burner (12); The hydrogen measuring device (18) is used to detect the concentration of hydrogen in the gas storage tank (16); the second mixed gas after detection enters the second plasma ignition burner (12) for combustion.

7. The pure ammonia based fuel supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen measuring device (18) comprises a regulating component (181), a cooling component (182) and a hydrogen measuring component (183) which are connected in sequence; The third air outlet of the air storage tank (16) is in communication with the air inlet of the regulating component (181); The regulating component (181) is used to reduce the pressure of the first mixed gas output by the gas storage tank (16); The cooling component (182) is used to cool the first mixed gas after the pressure is reduced; The hydrogen measuring component (183) is used to detect the hydrogen content of the first mixed gas after the temperature is reduced; The gas outlet of the hydrogen measuring component (183) is in communication with the gas inlet of the second plasma ignition burner (12).

8. The pure ammonia based fuel supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid ammonia temperature control supply system (A) comprises a liquid storage tank (19) storing liquid ammonia, a temperature control chamber (20) and a second filter (21); The liquid storage tank (19) is arranged in the temperature-controlled room (20); a liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank (19) is connected to the second filter (21); and liquid ammonia in the liquid storage tank (19) is filtered by the second filter (21) and then enters the first user end (1) and the liquid ammonia evaporation system (B) respectively.

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