A smart grid monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of smart grid technology, and specifically to a smart grid supervision system and method based on the Internet of Things, comprising: collecting power supply information of each power system in a target power supply network, collecting historical power supply records of each power system in a power grid information set; analyzing the degree of abnormal change in power supply from a target fault point to each power system, analyzing the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point, and confirming the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point; adaptively formulating the best energy compensation plan for the target fault point; and monitoring the power supply situation of the target fault point in real time when each power system performs energy transmission according to the best energy compensation plan, so as to realize the sharing and exchange of power resources, avoid power surplus or shortage in a certain area, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of power resources and reducing power construction and operation costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smart grids, and in particular to a smart grid monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of electricity, my country attaches great importance to the transformation of distribution network projects and continuously promotes the construction of smart grids. However, with the huge population base, people's demand for electricity is also increasing.

[0003] In order to solve the problem of insufficient power supply in the distribution network, promote intelligent interconnection, promote equipment upgrades and technological innovation, and accelerate the construction of a modern distribution network, the current existing technology is to connect different power systems and use strong power systems to compensate weak power systems, thereby achieving the sharing and exchange of power resources.

[0004] However, when a strong power system transmits electricity to a weak power system, there is a certain amount of power loss, resulting in a waste of resources. At the same time, when multiple power systems are underpowered, there is still a problem of how to match the power systems for power supply compensation. Not only that, how to solve the problem that the matched power system cannot meet the power supply compensation conditions has also become a major problem. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a smart grid monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a smart grid supervision method based on the Internet of Things, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S100: collecting power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network to form a power grid information set; collecting historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set to form historical record sets of each power system; setting any power system in the power grid information set where a power supply failure occurs as a target fault point, and obtaining all power systems interconnected with the target fault point to form a system interconnection set;

[0008] In the above steps, each power system in the power grid information set meets the conditions of the same voltage level, the same frequency, matching steady-state and dynamic performance, matching control and protection systems, matching power supplies and loads, etc. The power systems that meet these conditions can achieve interconnection and power resource sharing; each power system has other interconnected power systems, and the power grid information set also includes the power supply area information of each power system and the interconnection between the power systems;

[0009] Step S200: capturing the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection set, analyzing the abnormal change degree of the power supply of each power system from the target fault point; extracting each power system whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, analyzing the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point, and further confirming the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity;

[0010] Step S300: setting the power system that does not meet the energy compensation conditions as the point to be compensated, analyzing the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the point to be compensated, and adaptively formulating the best energy compensation plan for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity;

[0011] Step S400: According to the optimal energy compensation scheme, the power supply conditions of the target fault point when each power system performs energy transmission are monitored in real time, and the energy transmission requirements of each power system in the optimal energy compensation scheme are adjusted in real time according to the power supply conditions.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps of analyzing the abnormal change degree of power supply of each power system by the target fault point in step S200 include:

[0013] Step S201: Capture the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection set, and then construct the historical power change graphs of the corresponding power systems respectively with the time node as the horizontal coordinate and the power load as the vertical coordinate; capture the power load of each time node in each historical power change graph respectively, and when the slope generated by the corresponding power load in the time period composed of any adjacent time nodes is higher than the slope threshold α or the power load is greater than the power balance value β, it indicates that there is a possibility of power supply anomaly in each power system corresponding to each historical power change graph in any adjacent time period; mark the power change trajectory with the possibility of power supply anomaly in each historical power change graph, and form the abnormal change trajectory in each historical power change graph respectively;

[0014] In the above steps, when the power load increases suddenly or is very large, the power system is very likely to have insufficient power supply, and insufficient power supply is very likely to cause irreparable failure of the power system; at the same time, a historical power change graph can form multiple abnormal change trajectories;

[0015] Step S202: using the cosine similarity algorithm to classify the abnormal change trajectories in the target fault point, classifying the abnormal change trajectories whose trajectory similarity is greater than the similarity threshold γ into one category; obtaining the time periods corresponding to the classified abnormal change trajectories, and forming abnormal time sets of the abnormal change trajectories; capturing the power change trajectories corresponding to the power systems in the system interconnection set according to the abnormal time sets, confirming the probability of the abnormal change trajectories in the abnormal time sets, and forming a probability set L={l1,l2,…,ln}, where l1,l2,…,ln represent the probability of the abnormal change trajectories in the 1st, 2nd,…,nth abnormal time sets of the target fault point;

[0016] Based on the various abnormal time periods of the target fault point, the probability of abnormality of each power system in the system interconnection concentration is analyzed respectively, which is conducive to confirming the abnormal stability of each power system in each abnormal time period according to each abnormal probability;

[0017] Step S203: The probability li of an abnormal change trajectory corresponding to any type of abnormal time set in the probability set L is taken as the reference probability, and the number ri of lj when |li-lj| is less than the threshold δ is captured by a counter; where lj represents the probability of an abnormal change trajectory corresponding to any type of abnormal time set in the probability set L except li, and further confirms the degree of abnormal power supply change of each power system when there is a possibility of power supply abnormality at the target fault point. ; where σ represents the power supply impact factor of each power system on the target fault point;

[0018] When the number ri of probability |li-lj| less than the threshold δ accounts for a large proportion, it means that the corresponding abnormal stability of each power system is very high and is not easily affected by the target fault point. At this time, the probability li of abnormal change trajectory corresponding to any type of abnormal time set is set with a corresponding weight to further confirm the degree of abnormal change of power supply of each power system;

[0019] By analyzing the difference between the corresponding probabilities of various abnormal time sets in the probability set of each power system, setting corresponding weights for each probability, and further analyzing the stability of the probability set, the degree of power supply abnormality change of each power system is obtained, which is conducive to analyzing the abnormal regularity of each power system when the power load abnormality occurs at the target fault point, and improving the subsequent judgment on whether the power system meets the power supply compensation capacity.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S200, the power supply compensation capability of each power system to the target fault point is analyzed according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point, and the specific steps of further confirming the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capability include:

[0021] Step S210: Extract each power system with the abnormal power supply change degree X less than the abnormal change threshold ε, then obtain the grid transmission distances between each extracted power system and the target fault point respectively, and calculate the power loss values Q from each power system to the target fault point according to the grid transmission distances;

[0022] Step S220: Based on the change means of each power load corresponding to each power system when abnormal change trajectories appear in any type of abnormal time set respectively, obtain the power load change sets H corresponding to each power system in the 1st, 2nd, …, nth type of abnormal time sets; further obtain the change mean of the power load corresponding to the target fault point in any type of abnormal time set to form the power load change set *H; then construct the power supply compensation ability model G = X * (H - Q - *H) of each power system according to the power load change set H, power loss value Q, abnormal power supply change degree X corresponding to each power system and the power load change set *H corresponding to the target fault point;

[0023] Step S230: Obtain the energy compensation condition interval (g1, g2) of the target fault point. When the power supply compensation ability model G > g1, take the power system with the largest corresponding value in G < g2 as the power system that meets the energy compensation condition for the target fault point. On the contrary, if G < g1, then enter Step S300;

[0024] Among them, the energy compensation condition intervals corresponding to different power systems are different, and they are determined by the power supply fault frequency.

[0025] Further, Step S300 includes:

[0026] Step S310: Set the power system with the largest power supply compensation ability value in G < g1 as the point to be compensated, then obtain all the power systems interconnected with the point to be compensated respectively to form an interconnection set; obtain the power loss values Q1 of each power system in the interconnection set to the point to be compensated and the power load change sets H’ corresponding to each power system respectively, and further confirm the power supply compensation ability U = H’ - Q1 - H of each power system in the interconnection set to the point to be compensated;

[0027] It is beneficial to solve the problem that the power systems with power surpluses cannot fully compensate the power supply capacity of the target fault point, and realize the adaptive power supply compensation between power systems;

[0028] Step S320: extract the power system with the largest power supply compensation capacity U. At this time, if U+G>g1, the point to be compensated and the power system are used to compensate the target fault point, and the power system→point to be compensated→target fault point is used as the best energy compensation scheme for the target fault point; otherwise, enter step S300, loop and superimpose until the energy compensation condition of the target fault point is met. If it still cannot be met, feedback is given to relevant personnel;

[0029] By sharing and exchanging power resources, we can avoid power surplus or shortage in a certain area, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of power resources and reducing power construction and operation costs.

[0030] Smart grid supervision system, the system includes: data acquisition module, database, abnormal analysis module, plan formulation module and power supervision module;

[0031] The data acquisition module collects the power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network to form a power grid information set; collects the historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set to form a historical record set of each power system; sets any power system with a power supply failure in the power grid information set as the target fault point, and obtains all power systems interconnected with the target fault point to form a system interconnection set;

[0032] The abnormal analysis module is used to capture the historical power supply records of the target fault point and the power systems in the system interconnection set, and analyze the abnormal change degree of the power supply of the target fault point to each power system; extract the power systems whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, and analyze the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point, and further confirm the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity;

[0033] The scheme formulation module sets the power system that does not meet the energy compensation conditions as the point to be compensated, analyzes the power supply compensation capacity of each power system for the point to be compensated, and adaptively formulates the optimal energy compensation scheme for the target fault point based on the power supply compensation capacity;

[0034] The power supervision module monitors the power supply situation of the target fault point when each power system is transmitting energy in real time according to the optimal energy compensation plan, and adjusts the energy transmission requirements of each power system in the optimal energy compensation plan in real time according to the power supply situation.

[0035] Further, the data collection module includes an information collection unit, a history collection unit and an interconnection collection unit;

[0036] The information collection unit is used to collect the power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network; the historical record collection unit is used to collect the historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set; the interconnection collection unit is used to set any power system with power supply failure in the power grid information set as the target fault point, and then obtain all power systems interconnected with the target fault point.

[0037] Furthermore, the abnormality analysis module includes an abnormality degree analysis unit, a model analysis unit and a data judgment unit;

[0038] The abnormality degree analysis unit is used to capture the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection center, and analyze the abnormal change degree of the power supply of each power system from the target fault point; the model analysis unit is used to extract each power system whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, and analyze the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point; the data judgment unit is used to confirm the power system that meets the conditions for energy compensation for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity.

[0039] Further, the plan formulation module includes an interconnection acquisition unit, a capability analysis unit, and a plan formulation unit;

[0040] The interconnection acquisition unit is used to set the power system that does not meet the energy compensation conditions as the point to be compensated, and obtain all the power systems interconnected with the point to be compensated; the capacity analysis unit is used to analyze the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the point to be compensated; the plan formulation unit is used to adaptively formulate the optimal energy compensation plan for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity.

[0041] Further, the power supervision module includes a power supply supervision unit and a data adjustment unit;

[0042] The power supply supervision unit is used to monitor the power supply situation of the target fault point when each power system transmits energy according to the optimal energy compensation plan in real time; the data adjustment unit is used to adjust the energy transmission requirements of each power system in the optimal energy compensation plan in real time according to the power supply situation.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0044] The present invention analyzes the difference between the corresponding probabilities of various abnormal time sets in the probability set of each power system, sets a corresponding weight for each probability, and further analyzes the stability of the probability set to obtain the degree of power supply abnormality change of each power system, which is beneficial to analyze the abnormal regularity of each power system when the power load abnormality occurs at the target fault point, and improves the subsequent judgment on whether the power system meets the power supply compensation capacity; by realizing the sharing and exchange of power resources, the surplus or shortage of power in a certain area is avoided, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of power resources and reducing the cost of power construction and operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a smart grid monitoring system based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a smart grid supervision method based on the Internet of Things of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] See also Figure 1 ,The present invention provides a technical solution: a smart grid supervision system, the system includes: a data acquisition module, a database, an anomaly analysis module, a program formulation module and a power supervision module;

[0050] The data acquisition module collects the power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network to form a power grid information set; collects the historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set to form a historical record set of each power system; sets any power system with a power supply failure in the power grid information set as the target fault point, and obtains all power systems interconnected with the target fault point to form a system interconnection set;

[0051] The data collection module includes an information collection unit, a history collection unit and an interconnection collection unit;

[0052] The information collection unit is used to collect the power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network; the historical record collection unit is used to collect the historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set; the interconnection collection unit is used to set any power system with power supply failure in the power grid information set as the target fault point, and then obtain all power systems interconnected with the target fault point.

[0053] The abnormal analysis module is used to capture the historical power supply records of the target fault point and the power systems in the system interconnection set, and analyze the abnormal change degree of the power supply of the target fault point to each power system; extract the power systems whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, and analyze the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point, and further confirm the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity;

[0054] The abnormality analysis module includes an abnormality degree analysis unit, a model analysis unit and a data judgment unit;

[0055] The abnormality degree analysis unit is used to capture the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection center, and analyze the abnormal change degree of the power supply of each power system from the target fault point; the model analysis unit is used to extract each power system whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, and analyze the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point; the data judgment unit is used to confirm the power system that meets the conditions for energy compensation for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity.

[0056] The scheme formulation module sets the power system that does not meet the energy compensation conditions as the point to be compensated, analyzes the power supply compensation capacity of each power system for the point to be compensated, and adaptively formulates the optimal energy compensation scheme for the target fault point based on the power supply compensation capacity;

[0057] The program formulation module includes an interconnection acquisition unit, a capability analysis unit, and a program formulation unit;

[0058] The interconnection acquisition unit is used to set the power system that does not meet the energy compensation conditions as the point to be compensated, and obtain all the power systems interconnected with the point to be compensated; the capacity analysis unit is used to analyze the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the point to be compensated; the plan formulation unit is used to adaptively formulate the optimal energy compensation plan for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity.

[0059] The power supervision module monitors the power supply situation of the target fault point when each power system is transmitting energy in real time according to the optimal energy compensation plan, and adjusts the energy transmission requirements of each power system in the optimal energy compensation plan in real time according to the power supply situation.

[0060] The power supervision module includes a power supply supervision unit and a data adjustment unit;

[0061] The power supply supervision unit is used to monitor the power supply situation of the target fault point when each power system transmits energy according to the optimal energy compensation plan in real time; the data adjustment unit is used to adjust the energy transmission requirements of each power system in the optimal energy compensation plan in real time according to the power supply situation.

[0062] See also Figure 2 The present invention provides a technical solution: a smart grid supervision method based on the Internet of Things, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step S100: collecting power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network to form a power grid information set; collecting historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set to form historical record sets of each power system; setting any power system in the power grid information set where a power supply failure occurs as a target fault point, and obtaining all power systems interconnected with the target fault point to form a system interconnection set;

[0064] In the above steps, each power system in the power grid information set meets the conditions of the same voltage level, the same frequency, matching steady-state and dynamic performance, matching control and protection systems, matching power supplies and loads, etc. The power systems that meet these conditions can achieve interconnection and power resource sharing; each power system has other interconnected power systems, and the power grid information set also includes the power supply area information of each power system and the interconnection between the power systems;

[0065] Step S200: capturing the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection set, analyzing the abnormal change degree of the power supply of each power system from the target fault point; extracting each power system whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, analyzing the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point, and further confirming the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity;

[0066] The specific steps for analyzing the abnormal change degree of power supply of each power system caused by the target fault point include:

[0067] Step S201: Capture the historical power supply records of each power system in the target fault point and the system interconnection set, and then construct the historical power change graphs of the corresponding power systems with the time node as the horizontal coordinate and the power load as the vertical coordinate; capture the power load of each time node in each historical power change graph, and when the slope generated by the corresponding power load in the time period composed of any adjacent time nodes is higher than the slope threshold α=2.5 or the power load is greater than the power balance value β, it indicates that there is a possibility of power supply anomaly in each power system corresponding to each historical power change graph in any adjacent time period; mark the power change trajectory with the possibility of power supply anomaly in each historical power change graph, and form the abnormal change trajectory in each historical power change graph;

[0068] When the power load increases suddenly or is very large, the power system is very likely to experience insufficient power supply, which can easily lead to irreparable failure of the power system. The power balance value β is determined according to the power supply situation of the power supply area of ​​the power system.

[0069] Step S202: using the cosine similarity algorithm to classify the abnormal change trajectories in the target fault point, and classify the abnormal change trajectories with trajectory similarity greater than the similarity threshold γ=0.7 into one category; obtaining the time periods corresponding to the classified abnormal change trajectories, and forming abnormal time sets of the abnormal change trajectories; capturing the power change trajectories corresponding to the power systems in the system interconnection set according to the abnormal time sets, confirming the probability of the abnormal change trajectories in the abnormal time sets, and forming a probability set L={0.25, 0.20, 0.5, 0.1, 0.3}, where 0.25, 0.20, 0.5, 0.1, 0.3 represent the probabilities of the abnormal change trajectories in the first, second, ..., fifth abnormal time sets of the target fault point;

[0070] Step S203: The probability li of an abnormal change trajectory corresponding to any type of abnormal time set in the probability set L is taken as the reference probability, and the number ri of lj when |li-lj| is less than the threshold δ=0.1 is captured by a counter; where lj represents the probability of an abnormal change trajectory corresponding to any type of abnormal time set in the probability set L except li, and further confirms the degree of abnormal power supply change of each power system when there is a possibility of power supply abnormality at the target fault point. ; where σ represents the power supply impact factor of each power system on the target fault point;

[0071] For example, when using a counter to capture the number ri of lj when |li - lj| is less than the threshold δ = 0.1, which are {2, 3, 0, 1, 2} respectively, when the proportion of the number ri of |li - lj| less than the threshold δ = 0.1 is large, it indicates that the corresponding abnormal stability of each power system is very high and is not easily affected by the target fault point. At this time, set corresponding weights for the probability li of the abnormal change trajectory corresponding to any abnormal time set, and further confirm the degree of abnormal power supply change of each power system. ;

[0072] Analyze the power supply compensation ability of each power system for the target fault point according to the power loss of each power system to the target fault point. The specific steps to further confirm the power system that meets the energy compensation condition for the target fault point include:

[0073] Step S210: Extract each power system with an abnormal power supply change degree X less than the abnormal change threshold ε = 0.3 respectively. Then, obtain the grid transmission distance between each extracted power system and the target fault point respectively, and calculate the power loss value Q of each power system to the target fault point according to each grid transmission distance.

[0074] Step S220: Based on the change mean value of each power load when each power system has an abnormal change trajectory in any abnormal time set respectively, obtain the power load change set H of each power system corresponding to the 1st, 2nd, …, 5th abnormal time sets. Further obtain the change mean value of the power load corresponding to the target fault point in any abnormal time set to form the power load change set *H. Then, construct the power supply compensation ability model G = X * (H - Q - *H) of each power system according to the power load change set H, power loss value Q, abnormal power supply change degree X of each power system and the power load change set *H corresponding to the target fault point.

[0075] Step S230: Obtain the energy compensation condition interval (g1, g2) of the target fault point. Then, when the power supply compensation ability model G > g1, take the power system with the largest corresponding value in G < g2 as the power system that meets the energy compensation condition for the target fault point. On the contrary, if G < g1, then enter step S300.

[0076] Among them, the energy compensation condition intervals corresponding to different power systems are different, and they are determined by the power supply fault frequency.

[0077] Step S300: Set the power systems that do not meet the energy compensation condition as the points to be compensated, analyze the power supply compensation ability of each power system for the points to be compensated respectively, and adaptively formulate the best energy compensation plan for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation ability.

[0078] Step S300 includes:

[0079] Step S310: Set the power system with the maximum power supply compensation ability in G<g1 as the point to be compensated. Then, respectively obtain all power systems interconnected with the point to be compensated to form an interconnection set. Respectively obtain the power loss value Q1 of each power system in the interconnection set for the point to be compensated and the corresponding power load change set H' of each power system, and further confirm the power supply compensation ability U = H' - Q1 - H of each power system in the interconnection set for the point to be compensated.

[0080] It is beneficial to solve the problem that the power supply ability of the power system with power surplus cannot reach the power supply capacity of the target fault point that needs complete compensation, and realize the adaptive power supply compensation between power systems.

[0081] Step S320: Extract the power system with the maximum power supply compensation ability U. At this time, if U + G>g1, then use the point to be compensated and the power system to supply power to the target fault point, and take the power system → point to be compensated → target fault point as the optimal energy compensation scheme for the target fault point; otherwise, enter Step S300, and perform cyclic superposition until the energy compensation condition of the target fault point is met. If it still cannot be met, feedback to relevant personnel.

[0082] Step S400: According to the optimal energy compensation scheme, monitor the power supply situation of the target fault point in real time when each power system conducts energy transmission, and adjust the energy transmission requirements of each power system in the optimal energy compensation scheme in real time according to the power supply situation.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart grid supervision method based on the Internet of Things, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step S100: collecting power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network to form a power grid information set; collecting historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set to form historical record sets of each power system; setting any power system in the power grid information set where a power supply failure occurs as a target fault point, and obtaining all power systems interconnected with the target fault point to form a system interconnection set; Step S200: capturing the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection set, analyzing the abnormal change degree of the power supply of each power system from the target fault point; extracting each power system whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, analyzing the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point, and further confirming the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity; Step S300: setting the power system that does not meet the energy compensation conditions as the point to be compensated, analyzing the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the point to be compensated, and adaptively formulating the best energy compensation plan for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity; Step S400: monitoring the power supply situation of the target fault point when each power system performs energy transmission in real time according to the optimal energy compensation scheme, and adjusting the energy transmission demand of each power system in the optimal energy compensation scheme in real time according to the power supply situation; The specific steps of analyzing the abnormal change degree of power supply from the target fault point to each power system in step S200 include: Step S201: Capture the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection set, and then construct the historical power change graphs of the corresponding power systems respectively with the time node as the horizontal coordinate and the power load as the vertical coordinate; capture the power load of each time node in each historical power change graph respectively, and when the slope generated by the corresponding power load in the time period composed of any adjacent time nodes is higher than the slope threshold α or the power load is greater than the power balance value β, it indicates that there is a possibility of power supply anomaly in each power system corresponding to each historical power change graph in any adjacent time period; mark the power change trajectory with the possibility of power supply anomaly in each historical power change graph, and form the abnormal change trajectory in each historical power change graph respectively; Step S202: using the cosine similarity algorithm to classify the abnormal change trajectories in the target fault point, classifying the abnormal change trajectories whose trajectory similarity is greater than the similarity threshold γ into one category; obtaining the time periods corresponding to the classified abnormal change trajectories, and forming abnormal time sets of the abnormal change trajectories; capturing the power change trajectories corresponding to the power systems in the system interconnection set according to the abnormal time sets, confirming the probability of the abnormal change trajectories in the abnormal time sets, and forming a probability set L={l1,l2,…,ln}, where l1,l2,…,ln represent the probability of the abnormal change trajectories in the 1st, 2nd,…,nth abnormal time sets of the target fault point; Step S203: The probability li of an abnormal change trajectory corresponding to any type of abnormal time set in the probability set L is taken as the reference probability, and the number ri of lj when |li-lj| is less than the threshold δ is captured by a counter; where lj represents the probability of an abnormal change trajectory corresponding to any type of abnormal time set in the probability set L except li, and further confirms the degree of abnormal power supply change of each power system when there is a possibility of power supply abnormality at the target fault point. ; where σ represents the power supply impact factor of each power system on the target fault point; In step S200, the power supply compensation capabilities of each power system for the target fault point are analyzed based on the power losses of each power system to the target fault point. The specific steps for further confirming the power systems that meet the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point based on the power supply compensation capabilities are as follows: Step S210: Extract each power system with a power supply anomaly change degree X less than the anomaly change threshold ε, respectively obtain the grid transmission distances between the extracted power systems and the target fault point, and calculate the power loss values Q of each power system to the target fault point based on the grid transmission distances; Step S220: Based on the change means of each power load when each power system has an abnormal change trajectory in any type of abnormal time set, obtain the power load change sets H of each power system corresponding to the 1st, 2nd,..., nth types of abnormal time sets; further obtain the change mean of the power load corresponding to the target fault point in any type of abnormal time set to form the power load change set *H; then construct the power supply compensation capability model G = X * (H - Q - *H) of each power system according to the power load change set H, power loss value Q, power supply anomaly change degree X of each power system, and the power load change set *H corresponding to the target fault point; Step S230: Obtain the energy compensation condition interval (g1, g2) of the target fault point. When the power supply compensation capability model G > g1, regard the power system with the largest corresponding value in G < g2 as the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point. On the contrary, if G < g1, then go to step S300; 2. The method for monitoring a smart grid based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S300 includes: Step S310: Set the power system with the largest power supply compensation capability value in G < g1 as the point to be compensated. Then, respectively obtain all the power systems interconnected with the point to be compensated to form an interconnection set; respectively obtain the power loss values Q1 of each power system in the interconnection set to the point to be compensated and the power load change sets H' corresponding to each power system, and further confirm the power supply compensation capabilities U = H' - Q1 - H of each power system in the interconnection set to the point to be compensated; Step S320: Extract the power system with the largest power supply compensation capability U. At this time, if U + G > g1, use the point to be compensated and the power system to perform power supply compensation for the target fault point, and regard the power system → point to be compensated → target fault point as the best energy compensation plan for the target fault point; on the contrary, go to step S300, and perform cyclic superposition until the energy compensation conditions of the target fault point are met. If it still cannot be met, feedback to the relevant personnel; 3. A smart grid supervision system for implementing a smart grid supervision method based on the Internet of Things as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The system includes: a data acquisition module, a database, an anomaly analysis module, a plan formulation module, and a power supervision module; The data acquisition module collects power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network to form a power grid information set; collects historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set to form historical record sets of each power system; sets any power system in the power grid information set where a power supply failure occurs as a target fault point, and then obtains all power systems interconnected with the target fault point to form a system interconnection set; The abnormal analysis module captures the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection set, and analyzes the abnormal change degree of the power supply of each power system from the target fault point; extracts each power system whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, and analyzes the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point, and further confirms the power system that meets the energy compensation conditions for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity; The scheme formulation module sets the power system that does not meet the energy compensation conditions as the point to be compensated, analyzes the power supply compensation capacity of each power system for the point to be compensated, and adaptively formulates the optimal energy compensation scheme for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity; The power supervision module monitors the power supply situation of the target fault point when each power system is transmitting energy in real time according to the optimal energy compensation scheme, and adjusts the energy transmission demand of each power system in the optimal energy compensation scheme in real time according to the power supply situation.

4. The smart grid monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes an information acquisition unit, a history acquisition unit and an interconnection acquisition unit; The information collection unit is used to collect power supply information of each power system in the target power supply network; The historical record collection unit is used to collect historical power supply records of each power system in the power grid information set; The interconnection acquisition unit is used to set any power system with power supply failure in the power grid information set as a target fault point, and then obtain all power systems interconnected with the target fault point.

5. The smart grid monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The abnormality analysis module includes an abnormality degree analysis unit, a model analysis unit and a data judgment unit; The abnormality degree analysis unit is used to capture the historical power supply records of the target fault point and each power system in the system interconnection set, and analyze the abnormal change degree of power supply from the target fault point to each power system; the model analysis unit is used to extract each power system whose abnormal power supply change degree is lower than the abnormal change threshold, and analyze the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the target fault point according to the power loss from each power system to the target fault point; the data judgment unit is used to confirm the power system that meets the conditions for energy compensation for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity.

6. The smart grid monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The program formulation module includes an interconnection acquisition unit, a capability analysis unit and a program formulation unit; The interconnection acquisition unit is used to set the power system that does not meet the energy compensation conditions as the point to be compensated, and obtain all the power systems interconnected with the point to be compensated; the capacity analysis unit is used to analyze the power supply compensation capacity of each power system to the point to be compensated; the plan formulation unit is used to adaptively formulate the optimal energy compensation plan for the target fault point according to the power supply compensation capacity.

7. The smart grid monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power supervision module includes a power supply supervision unit and a data adjustment unit; The power supply supervision unit is used to monitor the power supply situation of the target fault point when each power system performs energy transmission in real time according to the optimal energy compensation scheme; The data adjustment unit is used to adjust the energy transmission requirements of each power system in the optimal energy compensation scheme in real time according to the power supply situation.

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