A perovskite battery based on reliability packaging process and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a perovskite battery based on a reliability packaging process and a preparation method thereof, which relates to the field of battery technology; a composite film layer is added on the basis of the original battery structure of the perovskite battery; the composite film layer includes a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer, and a second SiO2 film layer; the first SiO2 film layer can increase the light absorption rate of the electrode middle layer, thereby improving the photovoltaic performance; the non-metallic oxide layer forms a covalent bond with the first SiO2 film layer to increase the stability of the internal structure; the second SiO2 film layer can cut off ultraviolet light within a preset wavelength range to avoid affecting the photovoltaic performance. In addition, the first SiO2 film layer can also exclude oxygen in the gaps of the electrode middle layer and the gaps of the second electrode, avoiding these gaps from being exposed to the outside, and improving the stability of the entire battery structure. The perovskite battery can improve the photovoltaic performance of the battery and the stability of the battery structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a perovskite battery based on a reliability packaging process and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of battery technology, solar cell technology has also developed. In current photovoltaic systems, perovskite cells are usually used. Perovskite cells mainly use organic materials containing lead (Pb) as the perovskite light-absorbing layer. This material can make perovskite photovoltaic cells have a higher photoelectric efficiency. However, perovskite photovoltaics are more sensitive to light, temperature and humidity, which can cause the attenuation of photovoltaic performance. In addition, perovskite photovoltaic cells usually have poor stability due to defects in the packaging structure. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a perovskite cell based on a reliability packaging process and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite cell and improve the stability of the cell structure.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, an embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery based on a reliability packaging process, wherein the perovskite battery includes: a first electrode, an electrode intermediate layer, a second electrode and a composite film layer formed in sequence; the composite film layer includes: a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer and a second SiO2 film layer formed in sequence; wherein the first SiO2 film layer is formed on the second electrode, and is filled in the gaps of the electrode intermediate layer and the gaps of the second electrode, the non-metallic compound layer is formed on the first SiO2 film layer, and the second SiO2 film layer is formed on the non-metallic compound layer; the electrode intermediate layer is used to absorb light; The first SiO2 film layer is used to exclude oxygen from the gaps in the electrode middle layer and the gaps in the second electrode, and to form a reflectivity difference with the second electrode, so that the light projected from the electrode middle layer re-enters the electrode middle layer through reflection by the first SiO2 film layer; the refractive index of the non-metallic compound layer is higher than that of the first SiO2 film layer, and is used to increase the reflection of light, and the non-metallic compound layer is used to form a covalent bond with the first SiO2 film layer; the second SiO2 film layer is used to cut off ultraviolet light within a preset wavelength range, and to increase the reflection of light by forming a refractive index difference with the non-metallic compound layer.

[0005] In one possible embodiment, the perovskite cell includes a plurality of sub-cell regions, a gap based on a laser scribing line exists between two adjacent sub-cell regions, the gap based on the laser scribing line exists between the intermediate cell layer and the second electrode, and the first SiO2 film layer is filled in the gap based on the laser scribing line.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the non-metal compound layer includes at least one non-metal compound selected from the group consisting of SiONx, SiNx and SiC.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the electrode intermediate layer includes, in sequence: a hole transport layer formed above the first electrode, a perovskite layer formed above the hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer formed above the perovskite layer.

[0008] In a possible embodiment, the perovskite cell further includes: a POE encapsulation layer, the POE encapsulation layer is formed on the second SiO2 film layer, the molecular chain of the POE encapsulation layer includes a non-polar saturated single bond, and the saturated single bond is used to form a covalent bond with the SiO bond of the second SiO2 film layer.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the perovskite cell further includes: a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate; the first electrode is formed on the first glass substrate, and the second glass substrate covers the POE layer.

[0010] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite battery based on a reliability packaging process, which is applied to the perovskite battery as described in the first aspect, and the method for preparing the perovskite battery includes: forming a first electrode; forming an electrode intermediate layer on the first electrode, and dividing the electrode intermediate layer into a plurality of regions by laser scribing lines, and there is a gap between two adjacent regions based on the laser scribing lines; forming a second electrode on the electrode intermediate layer, and dividing the electrode intermediate layer and the second electrode into a plurality of sub-battery regions by laser scribing lines, and there is a gap between two adjacent sub-battery regions based on the laser scribing lines; forming a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer, and a second SiO2 film layer on the second electrode in sequence to form a composite film layer on the second electrode; wherein, in the process of forming the first SiO2 film layer, the first SiO2 film layer is filled in the gaps in the electrode intermediate layer and the gaps in the second electrode.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the forming of the first electrode includes: forming the first electrode on a first glass substrate; the perovskite battery preparation method also includes: forming a POE encapsulation layer on the second SiO2 film layer; and forming a second glass substrate on the POE encapsulation layer.

[0012] In a possible embodiment, the perovskite cell preparation method also includes: determining the predicted light absorbance of the electrode intermediate layer according to pre-configured electrode intermediate layer information; obtaining the preparation requirements of the perovskite cell, the preparation requirements including the required light absorbance of the electrode intermediate layer; determining an absorbance compensation value according to the predicted light absorbance and the required light absorbance; determining film parameters of the composite film layer according to the absorbance compensation value, the film parameters including: refractive index, reflectivity and film thickness; preparing the first SiO2 film layer, the non-metallic compound layer and the second SiO2 film layer according to the film parameters.

[0013] In a possible embodiment, the perovskite cell preparation method further includes: obtaining preparation requirements of the perovskite cell, the preparation requirements including structural stability requirements of the perovskite cell and application environment requirements of the perovskite cell; determining packaging parameters according to the structural stability requirements and the application environment requirements, the packaging parameters including: POE parameters, first glass substrate parameters and second glass substrate parameters; preparing the POE packaging layer according to the POE parameters; preparing the first glass substrate according to the first glass substrate parameters; preparing the second glass substrate according to the second glass substrate parameters.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application has the following technical effects:

[0015] On the basis of the original first electrode, electrode middle layer and second electrode of the perovskite battery, a composite film layer is added; the composite film layer includes a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer and a second SiO2 film layer; through the first SiO2 film layer, an emissivity difference can be formed with the second electrode, the light absorption rate of the electrode middle layer is increased, and the photovoltaic performance is improved; and, through the non-metallic oxide layer and the first SiO2 film layer, a covalent bond is formed to increase the stability of the internal structure; and, through the second SiO2 film layer, ultraviolet light within a preset wavelength range is cut off to avoid the impact on photovoltaic performance, and the reflection of light is increased by forming a refractive index difference with the non-metallic compound layer, further improving the photovoltaic performance. In addition, the first SiO2 film layer can also exclude oxygen in the gaps of the electrode middle layer and the gaps of the second electrode, avoiding these gaps from being exposed to the outside, and improving the stability of the entire battery structure. Therefore, the perovskite battery can improve the photovoltaic performance of the battery and improve the stability of the battery structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 2is a schematic structural diagram of a second perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of a method for preparing a perovskite battery based on a reliability packaging process according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 7 is a flow chart of a perovskite battery preparation process according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a light path based on a perovskite dot cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the internal flow of a perovskite battery structure according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the specific implementation methods.

[0026] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprise” or variations such as “include” or “comprising”, etc., will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or components.

[0027] The technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various application scenarios involving perovskite cells. For example, in a photovoltaic system, the perovskite cell can be used as part of a solar cell group to convert light energy into electrical energy for photovoltaic power generation.

[0028] Regarding the structural design of perovskite cells, there are usually three types: formal, trans, and mesoporous structures. The specific structures may be different in different application scenarios. However, these three structures usually include a top electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a bottom electrode layer. Among them, the material of each structural layer may be an inorganic material, an organic material, or an inorganic-organic hybrid material, but the perovskite light-absorbing layer is mainly composed of organic materials containing lead (Pb). This material can make perovskite photovoltaic cells have a higher photoelectric efficiency, but perovskite photovoltaics are more sensitive to light, temperature, and humidity, which can cause the attenuation of photovoltaic performance.

[0029] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a reliability packaging process, which improves the packaging process of the perovskite battery. On the basis of the original packaging process, a corresponding packaging structure is added. The packaging structure can not only improve the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite battery, but also improve the structural stability of the perovskite battery.

[0030] In the embodiments of the present application, the structural schematic diagrams of the perovskite cells shown are all schematic diagrams of cross-sections of the cells, so as to more clearly express the interlayer structure of the cells.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the perovskite battery consists of, from bottom to top: a glass substrate, a bottom electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer and a top electrode. These layers can constitute a perovskite film stack.

[0032] exist Figure 1 In the figure, three types of laser scribing lines are also shown, which are the scribing lines generated in different preparation stages. Among them, P1 is the first stage, based on the laser scribing lines generated by the bottom electrode. P2 is the second stage, based on the laser scribing lines generated by the hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electron transport layer. P3 is the third stage, based on the laser scribing lines generated by the hole transport layer, perovskite layer, electron transport layer and top electrode. After three stages of scribing, the entire battery structure is divided into multiple independently divided sub-battery areas. In addition, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery can be formed after further P4 edge cleaning (not shown in the figure).

[0033] Therefore, in Figure 1 In the figure, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery and the sub-battery area are also shown. The sub-battery area includes an effective power generation area and a dead area. It can be seen that due to the laser scribing line, a gap is generated, which is part of the dead area. Oxygen and other gases that destroy the stability of the structure may be generated in the dead area.

[0034] To solve the stability problem of perovskite, on the one hand, the inherent stability of the perovskite material itself can be solved through component engineering, dimensional control and interface engineering. On the other hand, the external environment stability can be eliminated through packaging technology to eliminate the influence of external water, oxygen, ultraviolet rays, etc., and use the closed environment to inhibit the decomposition of perovskite.

[0035] After the perovskite is scratched through P3 and P4, the cross-section of the photovoltaic film layer, the perovskite layer and the cross-sections of each film layer are exposed to the air. Even after encapsulation, due to the large elastic modulus of the encapsulation material, the P3 and P4 scratch gaps cannot be completely filled, resulting in water-oxygen residues in the environment, affecting the stability of the subsequent perovskite battery.

[0036] Therefore, in view of the fact that the above perovskite photovoltaic cell structure is more susceptible to the influence of water and oxygen in the external environment, it is necessary to minimize the time that the perovskite photovoltaic cell structure is in contact with the environment.

[0037] After P4 laser scribing, a dense inorganic optical film is formed on the surface of the perovskite thin-film battery under low temperature and vacuum environment. By adjusting the refractive index of the optical film, the light is further reflected and re-enters the perovskite film layer after passing through the perovskite structure film layer, thereby further improving the photoelectric efficiency of the system. On the other hand, the dense optical film can effectively fill the P3 and P4 gaps caused by scribing, and can further eliminate the influence of air on the entire perovskite film layer. In addition, the dense optical film can effectively prevent the precipitation of free Pb2+ ions in the perovskite film layer to prevent pollution to the environment. At the same time, due to its dense characteristics, it further isolates the influence of external water vapor and constructs an airtight internal environment, which can effectively prevent the invasion of water-oxygen pairs from the external environment.

[0038] Furthermore, the embodiment of the present application designs an optical film layer packaging technology solution to isolate the influence of the external environment on the perovskite photovoltaic cell.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 2 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the perovskite battery includes: a first electrode, an electrode intermediate layer, a second electrode and a composite film layer formed in sequence. Among them, the first electrode can correspond to Figure 1 The bottom electrode and the middle electrode layer can correspond to Figure 1 The hole transport layer, the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer, the second electrode can correspond to Figure 1 The top electrode.

[0040] For further information, please refer to Figure 3 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 3 As shown, in Figure 2On the basis shown, the composite film layer includes: a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer and a second SiO2 film layer formed in sequence.

[0041] The first SiO2 film layer is formed on the second electrode and fills the gaps in the electrode intermediate layer and the second electrode. The non-metallic compound layer is formed on the first SiO2 film layer, and the second SiO2 film layer is formed on the non-metallic compound layer.

[0042] Combined with the introduction of the foregoing embodiments, the perovskite cell includes a plurality of sub-cell regions, a gap based on the laser scribing line exists between two adjacent sub-cell regions, the gap based on the laser scribing line exists between the middle cell layer and the second electrode, and the first SiO2 film layer is filled in the gap based on the laser scribing line.

[0043] It can be understood that the gaps in the electrode middle layer and the gaps in the second electrode are the gaps generated by the P3 and P4 scribing lines described in the above embodiments, which include not only internal gaps but also edge gaps.

[0044] Furthermore, based on the performance of perovskite cells, the electrode intermediate layer is used to absorb light.

[0045] The formation of each layer in the battery structure is introduced in the subsequent embodiments based on the preparation method.

[0046] The first SiO2 film layer is used to exclude oxygen from the gaps of the electrode intermediate layer and the gaps of the second electrode, and to form a reflectivity difference with the second electrode, so that the light projected from the electrode intermediate layer re-enters the electrode intermediate layer through reflection from the first SiO2 film layer.

[0047] It can be understood that the top electrode layer generally has a high refractive index. Therefore, based on the characteristics of the SiO2 film layer, it can form a reflectivity difference with the refractive index of the top electrode layer, so that the projected light is reflected again into the perovskite absorption layer.

[0048] As for the non-metal compound layer, since its refractive index is much higher than that of the first SiO2 film layer, the film layer can increase the reflection of light. In addition, the single bond of the non-metal compound layer can also form a covalent bond with the first SiO2 film layer, so that the film layers can be tightly combined, ensuring that when the product is used in a subsequent harsh environment, the film layer will not fall off due to the difference in ambient temperature.

[0049] As an optional implementation, the non-metal compound layer includes at least one non-metal compound selected from the group consisting of SiONx, SiNx and SiC.

[0050] For example, for SiONx, its Si=O bond can form a covalent bond with the Si=O bond of the SiO2 film layer, so that the film layers can be tightly bonded.

[0051] The second SiO2 film layer is used to cut off ultraviolet light within a preset wavelength range and to increase the reflection of light by forming a refractive index difference with the non-metal compound layer.

[0052] The second SiO2 film layer can be designed by using the interference principle to design the thickness of the film layer, so that it has a certain cutoff effect on the 300nm-370nm ultraviolet light in the environment. In addition, the refractive index of the second SiO2 film layer is greatly different from that of the non-metallic compound layer, which can also play a role in increasing emission.

[0053] Therefore, the structural firmness and density of the composite film layer can effectively prevent the precipitation of heavy metal ions such as Pb2+ ions in the perovskite battery structure, and prevent the efficiency and stability of the battery from being weakened due to the lack of elements in the battery components. On the other hand, the dense film layer structure can effectively prevent water and oxygen in the external environment from invading the perovskite film layer structure and causing the battery to fail.

[0054] Based on the structure of the composite film layer, packaging materials may be used for corresponding packaging in order to ensure the packaging performance of the battery.

[0055] As an optional implementation, please refer to Figure 4 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fourth perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 4 As shown, in Figure 2 and Figure 3 On the basis of, the battery also includes: a POE (PolyolyalthaOlfin, polyethylene octene co-elastomer) encapsulation layer, the POE encapsulation layer is formed on the second SiO2 film layer, the molecular chain of the POE encapsulation layer includes non-polar saturated single bonds, and the saturated single bonds are used to form covalent bonds with the SiO bonds of the second SiO2 film layer.

[0056] The molecular chain of POE is composed of stable saturated single bonds and is non-polar. It does not require vulcanization and has better weather resistance and chemical resistance than other packaging materials. It is easy to form a strong covalent bond with other Si=O bonds.

[0057] In the traditional battery structure, the POE packaging material is in contact with the metal oxide or the top electrode, which cannot play an effective packaging role. However, in the embodiment of the present application, it is in contact with the second SiO2 film layer to form a strong covalent bond, thereby playing a better packaging role.

[0058] In addition to the battery structures listed above, in the embodiments of the present application, in order to form a complete battery packaging structure, a glass substrate package may be added.

[0059] Therefore, please refer to Figure 5 , is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fifth perovskite battery according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 5 As shown, in Figure 4 On the basis of, the perovskite battery also includes: a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate; the first electrode is formed on the first glass substrate, and the second glass substrate covers the POE layer.

[0060] In addition, based on Figure 5 The battery structure shown can also be filled with butyl rubber at the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. It can be understood that in the traditional structure, the butyl rubber cannot fully contact the edges of each layer, and there are gaps. In the battery structure of the embodiment of the present application, the gap here can also be filled with a SiO2 layer to absorb oxygen in the gap to ensure the airtightness of the entire battery structure.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 6 , is a flow chart of a method for preparing a perovskite battery based on a reliability packaging process according to an embodiment of the present application, and the preparation method can be applied to the perovskite battery introduced in the above embodiment. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 601, forming a first electrode.

[0063] Step 602: forming an electrode intermediate layer on the first electrode, and dividing the electrode intermediate layer into a plurality of regions by laser scribing lines, with a gap between two adjacent regions based on the laser scribing lines.

[0064] Step 603: forming a second electrode on the electrode middle layer, and dividing the electrode middle layer and the second electrode into a plurality of sub-cell regions by laser scribing lines, with a gap based on the laser scribing lines between two adjacent sub-cell regions.

[0065] Step 604, sequentially forming a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer, and a second SiO2 film layer on the second electrode to form a composite film layer on the second electrode. In the process of forming the first SiO2 film layer, the first SiO2 film layer is filled in the gaps of the electrode intermediate layer and the gaps of the second electrode.

[0066] In step 601, after forming the first electrode, it is necessary to perform laser scribing on the first electrode, that is, the P1 scribing in the above embodiment. Regarding the formation of the electrode, reference may be made to the mature technology in the art.

[0067] In addition, since the first electrode is used as a bottom electrode, there is usually a glass substrate underneath it. Therefore, step 601 may include: forming the first electrode on the first glass substrate.

[0068] In step 602, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an electron transport layer may be formed in sequence, and the specific preparation method may also refer to the mature technology in the field, which will not be described in detail here. And, the laser scribing line is the aforementioned P3 scribing line.

[0069] In step 603, the laser scribed line is the aforementioned P3 line.

[0070] In addition, after step 603, P4 scribing may be performed to form the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery.

[0071] Further, in step 604, a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer and a second SiO2 film layer are sequentially formed on the second electrode to form a composite film layer on the second electrode.

[0072] When forming the first SiO2 film layer, it is necessary to fill the gaps in the electrode intermediate layer and the gaps in the second electrode, that is, the gaps generated by the aforementioned P3 and P4 lines.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present application, a composite film layer can be formed on the top electrode layer of the battery by PVD, CVD, sol-gel, etc. Moreover, the plating of the composite film layer needs to be completed in a vacuum environment.

[0074] After the film coating is completed, the various film layers of the perovskite film stack will not come into contact with water and oxygen in the air, which plays a good protective role. Although the edge of the battery is exposed after P4 scribing and edge cleaning, the edge of the positive electrode is the dead zone of the battery's ineffective power generation, so it will not affect the overall performance of the battery.

[0075] Furthermore, after step 604, a POE encapsulation layer may be formed on the second SiO2 film layer. The encapsulation method of the POE layer may refer to mature technologies in the art.

[0076] In addition, a second glass substrate may be formed on the POE encapsulation layer. Similarly, the configuration of the glass substrate may refer to the mature technology in the art.

[0077] Please refer to Figure 7 , is a flow chart of a perovskite battery preparation process according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 7As shown, the preparation process is based on the PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coating process. The process flow is compatible with existing equipment, and the added PVD coating process can also use existing equipment without adding unnecessary investment. In addition, the coating of the Si series composite film layer is completed in a vacuum environment. The Si series composite film layer can fill the P3 line very well. After the film layer is coated, the various film layers of the perovskite film stack will not come into contact with water-oxygen in the air, which plays a good protective role. Although the edge of the battery is exposed after P4 edge cleaning, the edge of the positive electrode is the dead zone of the battery's ineffective power generation, so it will not affect the overall performance of the battery.

[0078] exist Figure 7 In the figure, the first step shows the first glass substrate, the second step shows the first glass substrate and the bottom electrode, and the third step shows the first glass substrate and the bottom electrode after the P1 line. The fourth to sixth steps respectively show the relevant processes of the hole transport layer, the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer. The seventh step shows the corresponding layer after the P2 line. The eighth step shows the formation process of the top electrode. The ninth step shows the corresponding layer after the P3 line. The tenth step shows the coating process of the composite film layer. The eleventh step shows the P4 line.

[0079] It can be understood that the above-mentioned preparation method is a process flow, some steps of which can be completed manually or by machine, which is not limited here.

[0080] In the embodiments of the present application, one of the functions of the composite film layer is to improve the photovoltaic performance. Therefore, the relevant parameters of the composite film layer can be configured according to the actual application scenario.

[0081] Therefore, as an optional implementation, the preparation method also includes: determining the predicted light absorbance of the electrode intermediate layer according to the pre-configured electrode intermediate layer information; obtaining the preparation requirements of the perovskite battery, the preparation requirements include the required light absorbance of the electrode intermediate layer; determining the absorbance compensation value according to the predicted light absorbance and the required light absorbance; determining the film parameters of the composite film layer according to the absorbance compensation value, the film parameters include: refractive index, reflectivity and film thickness; according to the film parameters, preparing a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer and a second SiO2 film layer.

[0082] In some embodiments, the predicted light absorbance and the required light absorbance may both be values ​​between 0 and 100%, which are usually less than 100% because it is difficult to reach 100%.

[0083] In some embodiments, the predicted absorbance can be determined by mature techniques in the art, for example, by analyzing the changes in the optical path of light in the entire battery to predict the absorbance.

[0084] Further, based on the predicted light absorbance and the required light absorbance, an absorbance compensation value may be determined, and the absorbance compensation value may be the difference between the two.

[0085] Furthermore, according to the absorbance compensation value, the film parameters of the composite film layer can be determined, and the film parameters include: refractive index, reflectivity and film thickness.

[0086] It can be understood that the composite film layer can only achieve a certain absorption compensation effect. Generally speaking, the light that the composite film layer can reflect back to the light absorbing layer can represent the absorbance compensation value. Therefore, the absorbance compensation value can be converted into light reflectivity first, and then the corresponding film layer parameters can be configured according to the light reflectivity.

[0087] In some embodiments, the process of determining the film parameters of the composite film layer according to the absorbance compensation value usually requires corresponding experiments and calculations. Specifically, it can be achieved by analyzing the optical path conditions, conducting experiments and calculations. Here, the optical path conditions are roughly introduced. In different application scenarios, experiments and calculations can be carried out in combination with the optical path conditions, and the specific film parameters obtained may be different.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 8 , is a schematic diagram of a light path based on a perovskite dot battery according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 8 As shown, the light E0 first enters the bottom electrode from the bottom glass substrate, and a portion of the light E1 is reflected from the glass substrate and is regarded as invalid light.

[0089] Next, the light enters the light absorbing layer from the glass substrate, and the light E2 after absorption can enter the light absorbing layer again through the light E3 reflected by the composite film layer. In addition, the other light can be reflected by the POE layer. A portion of the light E4. The light E5 that cannot be reflected finally transmits through the top glass substrate.

[0090] As an optional film layer parameter, the refractive index of the top electrode is about 1.8-2.1, the refractive index of SiO2 is 1.52, the refractive index of SiNX is 1.8-2.9, and the refractive index of POE is 1.47-1.63. According to the general theoretical calculation formula of reflectivity R=(n0-n1)2 / (n0+n1)2, when light passes through media with different refractive indices, the light will be reflected. This part of the reflected light will re-enter the perovskite layer and will be absorbed again, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic module.

[0091] In addition, the film thickness can be configured according to the wavelength of light that needs to be cut off by the second SiO2 film.

[0092] Furthermore, when preparing the relevant film layers of the composite film layer, parameters such as refractive index, reflectivity and film thickness can be considered to improve the power generation efficiency of the entire photovoltaic module.

[0093] In addition, considering the structural stability of the battery, the preparation method may also include: obtaining the preparation requirements of the perovskite battery, the preparation requirements include the structural stability requirements of the perovskite battery and the application environment requirements of the perovskite battery; determining the packaging parameters according to the structural stability requirements and the application environment requirements, the packaging parameters include: POE parameters, first glass substrate parameters and second glass substrate parameters; preparing a POE packaging layer according to the POE parameters; preparing a first glass substrate according to the first glass substrate parameters; preparing a second glass substrate according to the second glass substrate parameters.

[0094] In this embodiment, the POE parameters, the first glass substrate parameters, and the second glass substrate parameters are configured in consideration of structural stability requirements and application environment requirements.

[0095] For example, if the structural stability requirement is high, the thickness of the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate may be higher, and the stability performance of the POE parameters may be higher.

[0096] For example, if the application environment of the perovskite battery is poor, the airtightness and other properties of the glass substrate and POE can be increased accordingly.

[0097] Please refer to Fig. 9 , is a schematic diagram of the internal flow of a perovskite battery structure according to an embodiment of the present application, such as Fig. 9 As shown, compared with the traditional battery structure, the P3 scribe line gap of the new structure perovskite battery is filled with non-metallic Si compounds. This layer of material is in contact with the bottom electrode, and the bottom electrode is mainly a dense metal oxide material. The contact between the two materials can form a closed environment, which can effectively prevent water and oxygen in the environment from entering the perovskite film layer, thereby causing the battery stability to decrease. The water-oxygen sealing of this structure can reach 10-15 (cm3 / m2.24h).

[0098] The high-efficiency perovskite absorption layer is prepared based on metallic lead cations. Therefore, during the use of the device, due to aging and unpredictable external damage, the water-soluble lead-containing byproducts in the perovskite active layer are very easy to leak and cause potential pollution to nearby soil and water sources. The closed and independent packaging space formed by this method can effectively avoid the lead leakage problem.

[0099] Furthermore, by adopting the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the following technical effects can be achieved:

[0100] The new structure can form an independent small enclosed packaging space, which can ensure the stability of each sub-battery system without affecting each other, while the traditional structure can only encapsulate the entire battery assembly.

[0101] The dense Si compound is in direct contact with the dense metal oxide at the bottom layer, and the two can form an enclosed space with excellent sealing performance. It can effectively prevent the intrusion of water vapor from the external environment, and also prevent the leakage of heavy metal ions such as lead in the sub-battery and pollute the environment.

[0102] Through process debugging, the thermal expansion coefficients of the dense Si compound and the underlying dense metal oxide are relatively close. When the external environment changes, the solid physical structure of the two can be guaranteed, and there will be no problems such as falling off or micro cracks.

[0103] Compared with the traditional one, the added encapsulation film layer adopts a combination of high and low refractive index optical film layers. While achieving encapsulation, it also has a certain optical reflection effect, which can reflect the projected light into the perovskite light absorption layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0104] The packaging film layers with different refractive indices can be designed for ultraviolet light of specific wavelengths, and can have a certain cutoff effect on ultraviolet light, reduce the entry of ultraviolet light into the film layer, avoid aging of perovskite materials, and use the formed closed environment to inhibit the decomposition of perovskite.

[0105] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0106] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0107] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0108] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0109] The foregoing description of the specific exemplary embodiments of the present application is for the purpose of illustration and illustration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present application to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present application and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize the various exemplary embodiments of the present application and various selections and changes. The scope of the present application is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A perovskite battery based on a reliability packaging process, characterized in that: The perovskite battery comprises: a first electrode, an electrode intermediate layer, a second electrode and a composite film layer formed in sequence; The composite film layer includes: a first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer, and a second SiO2 film layer formed in sequence; wherein the first SiO2 film layer is formed on the second electrode and fills the gaps in the electrode intermediate layer and the gaps in the second electrode, the non-metallic compound layer is formed on the first SiO2 film layer, and the second SiO2 film layer is formed on the non-metallic compound layer; The electrode intermediate layer is used to absorb light; The first SiO2 film layer is used to exclude oxygen in the gaps of the electrode intermediate layer and the gaps of the second electrode, and to form a reflectivity difference with the second electrode, so that the light projected from the electrode intermediate layer reenters the electrode intermediate layer through reflection of the first SiO2 film layer; The refractive index of the non-metal compound layer is higher than that of the first SiO2 film layer, so as to increase the reflection of light, and the non-metal compound layer is used to form a covalent bond with the first SiO2 film layer; The second SiO2 film layer is used to cut off ultraviolet light within a preset wavelength range and to increase the reflection of light by forming a refractive index difference with the non-metallic compound layer.

2. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite cell includes a plurality of sub-cell regions, a gap based on a laser scribing line exists between two adjacent sub-cell regions, the gap based on the laser scribing line exists between the middle cell layer and the second electrode, and the first SiO2 film layer is filled in the gap based on the laser scribing line.

3. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-metal compound layer includes at least one non-metal compound selected from the group consisting of SiONx, SiNx and SiC.

4. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrode intermediate layer sequentially includes: a hole transport layer formed on the first electrode, a perovskite layer formed on the hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer formed on the perovskite layer.

5. The perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite battery also includes: a POE encapsulation layer, which is formed on the second SiO2 film layer. The molecular chain of the POE encapsulation layer includes non-polar saturated single bonds, and the saturated single bonds are used to form covalent bonds with SiO bonds of the second SiO2 film layer.

6. The perovskite battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The perovskite cell further includes: a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate; the first electrode is formed on the first glass substrate, and the second glass substrate covers the POE encapsulation layer.

7. A method for preparing a perovskite battery based on a reliability packaging process, characterized in that: Applied to the perovskite battery according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the perovskite battery preparation method comprises: forming a first electrode; forming an electrode intermediate layer on the first electrode, and dividing the electrode intermediate layer into a plurality of regions by laser scribing lines, with gaps based on the laser scribing lines between two adjacent regions; forming a second electrode on the electrode intermediate layer, and dividing the electrode intermediate layer and the second electrode into a plurality of sub-cell regions by laser scribing lines, with a gap based on the laser scribing lines between two adjacent sub-cell regions; A first SiO2 film layer, a non-metallic compound layer and a second SiO2 film layer are sequentially formed on the second electrode to form a composite film layer on the second electrode; wherein, in the process of forming the first SiO2 film layer, the first SiO2 film layer is filled in the gaps of the electrode intermediate layer and the gaps of the second electrode.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The forming of the first electrode comprises: forming the first electrode on a first glass substrate; the perovskite battery preparation method further comprises: forming a POE encapsulation layer on the second SiO2 film layer; A second glass substrate is formed on the POE packaging layer.

9. The method for preparing a perovskite battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The perovskite battery preparation method also includes: Determining predicted light absorptivity of the electrode intermediate layer according to pre-configured electrode intermediate layer information; Obtaining the preparation requirements of the perovskite cell, wherein the preparation requirements include the required light absorption degree of the electrode intermediate layer; Determining an absorbance compensation value according to the predicted light absorbance and the required light absorbance; Determining film layer parameters of the composite film layer according to the absorbance compensation value, the film layer parameters including: refractive index, reflectivity and film layer thickness; According to the film layer parameters, the first SiO2 film layer, the non-metallic compound layer and the second SiO2 film layer are prepared.

10. The method for preparing a perovskite battery according to claim 8, characterized in that: The perovskite battery preparation method also includes: Obtaining the preparation requirements of the perovskite battery, wherein the preparation requirements include the structural stability requirements of the perovskite battery and the application environment requirements of the perovskite battery; Determining packaging parameters according to the structural stability requirements and the application environment requirements, the packaging parameters including: POE parameters, first glass substrate parameters and second glass substrate parameters; Prepare the POE encapsulation layer according to the POE parameters; preparing the first glass substrate according to the first glass substrate parameters; The second glass substrate is prepared according to the second glass substrate parameters.

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