Liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel and production method thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a non-lined carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel and a production method thereof, wherein the central body of the pressure vessel comprises a multilayer structure, the multilayer structure comprises: a first carbon fiber winding layer, a second carbon fiber winding layer and a plasma deposited impermeable layer arranged between the two fiber winding layers, the impermeable layer comprises: a main body layer deposited by plasma; and a transitional permeable layer formed by plasma infiltration into the first carbon fiber winding layer, the side of the transitional permeable layer close to the main body layer is the first side, and the other side is the second side, and the concentration of plasma gradually decreases from the first side to the second side. The plasma deposited impermeable layer is arranged between the layer structures of the central body wound by carbon fiber, and the formation of the plasma deposited impermeable layer can be realized during the preparation process of the central body formed by carbon fiber winding, so that the impermeable layer and the central body are better integrated, and on the basis of ensuring the airtightness of the pressure vessel, the use scope of the plasma spraying equipment is expanded at the same time, and it can be adapted to various types of pressure vessels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel and a production method thereof, belonging to the technical field of high-pressure vessels. Background Art

[0002] Unlined composite pressure vessels (i.e., Type V pressure vessels) have always been the goal of designing carbon fiber composite pressure vessels. Traditionally, pressure vessels of types I to IV all use a certain percentage of metal materials, and at least use metal liners to separate the stored gas or liquid from the composite material (such as Type IV pressure vessels). As a type of pressure vessel, compared with metal tanks, composite tanks have significant advantages in weight and cost. Eliminating the metal liner can greatly reduce the weight of the tank. Studies have shown that the application of unlined composite pressure vessels in carrier tanks can reduce the weight of the structure by 20% to 40%. It can not only reduce the cost of the carrier, but also increase the payload carrying capacity.

[0003] When using all-composite materials for unlined composite pressure vessels, in addition to considering the load-bearing capacity of the composite materials, it is also necessary to fully consider the possibility of leakage of cryogenic fluids.

[0004] In patent WO2023057547A1, a V-shaped pressure vessel with a gas barrier metal layer is disclosed, which defines a first inner surface of an internal storage chamber, on which a gas barrier metal layer is deposited using a plasma-based metal deposition process. This patent introduces plasma spray deposition technology into the production of V-shaped pressure vessels, but the process requires that the plasma spray equipment be at least partially introduced into the space inside the V-shaped pressure vessel. When the accommodation space of the V-shaped pressure vessel is too large or too small, it is difficult to achieve full spraying of the inner wall of this type of V-shaped pressure vessel using the same type of plasma spray equipment, which has certain limitations.

[0005] It should be noted that the above content belongs to the scope of cognition of technology and does not necessarily constitute prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel, in which a plasma deposited anti-seepage layer is arranged between the layer structures of a central body wound by carbon fiber. During the preparation process of the central body formed by carbon fiber winding, the plasma deposited anti-seepage layer can be formed, so that the anti-seepage layer and the central body are better integrated. On the basis of ensuring the airtightness of the pressure vessel, the use scope of the plasma spraying equipment is expanded, and it can be adapted to various types of pressure vessels.

[0007] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present application, a liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel comprises a central body wound by carbon fibers, an air storage cavity is formed in the central body, and a side wall of the central body comprises a multilayer structure, wherein the multilayer structure comprises:

[0009] A first carbon fiber winding layer;

[0010] a second carbon fiber winding layer provided on the outer periphery of the first carbon fiber winding layer; and

[0011] A plasma deposited impermeable layer disposed between the first carbon fiber winding layer and the second carbon fiber winding layer, the impermeable layer comprising:

[0012] a bulk layer deposited by said plasma; and

[0013] The plasma penetrates into the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a transition penetration layer, wherein one side of the transition penetration layer close to the main layer is a first surface, and the other side is a second surface, and the concentration of the plasma gradually decreases from the first surface to the second surface.

[0014] The present application arranges the plasma deposited anti-seepage layer between the layer structures of the central body wound by carbon fiber. During the preparation process of the central body formed by winding carbon fiber, the plasma deposited anti-seepage layer can be easily formed, so that the anti-seepage layer and the central body are better integrated. On the basis of ensuring the airtightness of the pressure vessel, the use scope of the plasma spraying equipment is expanded to adapt to various types of pressure vessels. The transition permeation layer is a layer structure formed by infiltrating a small amount of plasma into the first carbon fiber winding layer. On one hand, the infiltration of plasma can fill the tiny pores inside the first carbon fiber winding layer, and the pores can be micrometer-level, nanometer-level or smaller pore structures, which can greatly reduce the diffusion of gas inside the pressure vessel in the multilayer structure of the central body; on the other hand, plasma can repair the microcrack structure inside the first carbon fiber winding layer and reduce the generation of microcrack structure inside the first carbon fiber winding layer; on the other hand, the anti-seepage layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer can be better integrated; in the last aspect, when the main body layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer are made of different materials, such as the main body layer is made of metal material, the first carbon fiber winding layer and the main body layer have different thermal expansion coefficients, elastic modulus and elongation. The main body layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer will generate excessive stress under a changing environment, such as temperature changes or load changes, causing the main body layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer to be delaminated. The setting of the transition permeation layer can narrow the gap in thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and elongation between the main body layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer, and avoid excessive stress, which causes delamination between the two.

[0015] Optionally, an embedded body is provided on a side of the main body layer close to the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or a side close to the second carbon fiber winding layer, and the embedded body is distributed along the axial direction of the central body. An embedding groove is provided on the surface of the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer for the embedded body to be embedded.

[0016] The cooperation between the main layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer through the embedding body and the embedding groove can make the pressure vessel have a higher buffer adjustment ability, and improve its fatigue resistance when the pressure vessel is under high pressure or repeatedly inflated and deflated.

[0017] Optionally, the thickness of the transition permeation layer is smaller than the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer or the second carbon fiber winding layer.

[0018] Optionally, the ratio of the thickness of the main body layer to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer is 1 / 3-2.

[0019] Preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the main body layer to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer is 1 / 2-3 / 2.

[0020] Optionally, the plasma deposited impermeable layer is a metal material layer; the metal material layer is selected from at least one material of Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Ag, Ta, Ir, Pt and alloys thereof; or,

[0021] The plasma deposited impermeable layer is a ceramic material layer;

[0022] The ceramic material layer is selected from at least one of titanium nitride (TiN), zirconium nitride (ZrN), zirconium carbide (ZrC), zirconium carbonitride (ZrCN), titanium oxide (Ti2O3), and copper aluminum oxide (CuAlxOy).

[0023] Optionally, the embedded body is an inverted tooth structure or a wave structure continuously distributed along the axial direction of the central body.

[0024] Optionally, the multilayer structure may be provided with a plurality of the first carbon fiber winding layers, the second carbon fiber winding layers and the anti-seepage layer;

[0025] The first carbon fiber winding layer and the second carbon fiber winding layer are both carbon fibers pre-impregnated with a resin matrix.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present application, a method for producing any of the above-mentioned liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessels is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

[0027] 1) winding a first carbon fiber winding layer, wherein the first carbon fiber winding layer is pre-impregnated with a resin matrix, and the resin matrix is ​​in a softened state;

[0028] 2) spraying a plasma-deposited impermeability layer on the outside of the first carbon fiber winding layer, wherein a portion of the plasma penetrates into the interior of the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a transition permeation layer, and another portion of the plasma is deposited on the outer surface of the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a main body layer;

[0029] 3) The second carbon fiber winding layer is wound on a side of the main body layer away from the first carbon fiber winding layer, the second carbon fiber winding layer is pre-impregnated with a resin matrix, and the resin matrix is ​​in a softened state.

[0030] When winding the first carbon fiber winding layer, the resin matrix pre-impregnated with the first carbon fiber winding layer is in a softened state, which is conducive to the plasma sprayed in step 2) penetrating into the interior of the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a transition penetration layer, which is conducive to the fusion between the anti-seepage layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer; the resin matrix pre-impregnated with the second carbon fiber winding layer is in a softened state, which is conducive to the fusion between the anti-seepage layer and the second carbon fiber winding layer.

[0031] Optionally, in step 2), the spraying temperature of the plasma is not lower than the temperature of the resin matrix and not higher than the temperature of the molten state of the resin matrix;

[0032] Optionally, in step 1), an embedding groove is formed between two adjacent parallel carbon fibers of the first carbon fiber winding layer; and in step 2), an embedding body is formed when plasma is deposited into the embedding groove.

[0033] Optionally, one side of the transition permeation layer close to the main layer is a first surface, and the other side is a second surface, and the concentration of the plasma gradually decreases from the first surface to the second surface.

[0034] Optionally, the thickness of the transition permeation layer is smaller than the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer or the second carbon fiber winding layer.

[0035] Optionally, the precursor used for the plasma deposition is selected from a metal material, a ceramic material or an alloy material;

[0036] Preferably, the precursor is selected from at least one material selected from Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Ag, Ta, Ir, Pt and alloys thereof; or

[0037] The precursor is selected from at least one material of titanium nitride (T i N), zirconium nitride (ZrN), zirconium carbide (ZrC), zirconium carbonitride (ZrCN), titanium oxide (T i 2O 3 ), and copper aluminum oxide (CuAl xOy).

[0038] The beneficial effects of this application include but are not limited to:

[0039] 1. The unlined carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel provided in the present application sets the plasma deposited anti-seepage layer between the layer structures of the central body wound by carbon fiber. In the preparation process of the central body formed by carbon fiber winding, the plasma deposited anti-seepage layer can be easily formed, so that the anti-seepage layer and the central body are better integrated, thereby expanding the use scope of the plasma spraying equipment to adapt to various types of pressure vessels. The transition permeation layer is a layer structure formed by infiltrating a small amount of plasma into the first carbon fiber winding layer. On one hand, the infiltration of plasma can fill the tiny pores inside the first carbon fiber winding layer, and the pores can be micrometer-level, nanometer-level or smaller pore structures, which can greatly reduce the diffusion of gas inside the pressure vessel in the multilayer structure of the central body; on the other hand, plasma can repair the microcrack structure inside the first carbon fiber winding layer and reduce the generation of microcrack structure inside the first carbon fiber winding layer; on the other hand, the anti-seepage layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer can be better integrated; in the last aspect, when the main body layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer are made of different materials, such as the main body layer is made of metal material, the first carbon fiber winding layer and the main body layer have different thermal expansion coefficients, elastic modulus and elongation. The main body layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer will generate excessive stress under a changing environment, such as temperature changes or load changes, causing the main body layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer to be delaminated. The setting of the transition permeation layer can narrow the gap in thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and elongation between the main body layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer, and avoid excessive stress, which causes delamination between the two.

[0040] 2. The unlined carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel provided in the present application, through the cooperation of the embedding body and the embedding groove between the main layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer, can make the pressure vessel have a higher buffering and adjustment capacity, and improve its fatigue resistance when the pressure vessel is under high pressure or repeatedly inflated and deflated.

[0041] 3. In the production method of the unlined carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel provided in the present application, when winding the first carbon fiber winding layer, the resin matrix pre-impregnated in the first carbon fiber winding layer is in a softened state, which is conducive to the plasma sprayed in step 2) penetrating into the interior of the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a transition penetration layer, which is conducive to the fusion between the anti-seepage layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer; the resin matrix pre-impregnated in the second carbon fiber winding layer is in a softened state, which is conducive to the fusion between the anti-seepage layer and the second carbon fiber winding layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel involved in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 2 It is an axial cross-sectional view of the central body of the liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel involved in the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A is an enlarged schematic diagram;

[0046] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of B;

[0047] List of parts and reference numerals:

[0048] 1. Pressure vessel; 2. Air storage chamber; 3. Central body; 31. First carbon fiber winding layer; 32. Second carbon fiber winding layer; 33. Plasma deposition impermeable layer; 331. Main body layer; 332. Transition permeable layer; 41. Embedded body; 42. Embedded groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0050] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0051] In addition, in the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0052] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0053] This embodiment discloses a non-lined carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes a central body 3 wound by carbon fiber, and an air storage cavity 2 is formed in the central body 3. The side wall of the central body 3 includes a multilayer structure, and the multilayer structure includes: a first carbon fiber winding layer 31; a second carbon fiber winding layer 32 arranged on the periphery of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31; a plasma-deposited anti-seepage layer 33 arranged between the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and the second carbon fiber winding layer 32, and the anti-seepage layer includes: a main body layer 331 deposited by plasma; and a transition penetration layer 332 formed by plasma penetrating into the first carbon fiber winding layer 31.

[0054] Those skilled in the art can understand that the multilayer structure described in the embodiment of the present application may include a plurality of first carbon fiber winding layers 31 , second carbon fiber winding layers 32 and an anti-seepage layer therebetween, which is not limited here.

[0055] In one embodiment, the multilayer structure is provided with only a first carbon fiber winding layer 31, a second carbon fiber winding layer 32 and an impermeable layer therebetween. Specifically, the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 is a layer structure provided at the innermost side of the central body 3, and then an impermeable layer and a second carbon fiber winding layer 32 are provided in sequence on the outer side of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31, wherein the transition permeability layer 332 of the impermeable layer is integrated with the outer side of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31. The first carbon fiber winding layer 31 is provided on the inner side, which can facilitate plasma spray deposition to form an impermeable layer, and the two can be better integrated at the same time; when the material of the impermeable layer is a metal material, the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 can prevent the metal material from exchanging ions with the outside, and has a certain protective effect on the impermeable layer.

[0056] In another embodiment, the multilayer structure includes two first carbon fiber winding layers 31, a second carbon fiber winding layer 32 and an anti-seepage layer therebetween. Specifically, a first carbon fiber winding layer 31, a second carbon fiber winding layer 32 and an anti-seepage layer therebetween are arranged on the inner side of the central body 3 formed by carbon fiber winding, and please refer to the aforementioned embodiment in which only one first carbon fiber winding layer 31, a second carbon fiber winding layer 32 and an anti-seepage layer therebetween are arranged; in addition, a first carbon fiber winding layer 31, a second carbon fiber winding layer 32 and an anti-seepage layer therebetween are arranged on the outer side of the central body 3, and the arrangement of this structure can prevent the external mixed gas from diffusing to the inner side of the central body 3, protect the internal layer structure of the central body 3, and reduce the generation of stress in the internal layer structure of the central body 3 due to environmental changes, and at the same time, can also inhibit the generation of micro cracks in the multilayer structure of the central body 3.

[0057] The setting of the anti-seepage layer can greatly improve the air tightness of the pressure vessel 1. In actual work, the pressure vessel 1 is often in a state of high pressure or repeated filling and deflation, which requires the pressure vessel 1 to have a certain buffer adjustment ability. Figure 4 The main body layer 331 is provided with an embedding body 41 on one side close to the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and / or on one side close to the second carbon fiber winding layer 32. The embedding body 41 is distributed along the axial direction of the central body 3. The surface of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer 32 is provided with an embedding groove 42 for embedding the embedding body 41. The matching arrangement of the embedding body 41 and the embedding groove 42 can make the pressure vessel 1 have a higher buffering and regulating capacity, and when the pressure vessel 1 is under high pressure or repeatedly inflated and deflated, its fatigue resistance can be improved.

[0058] As an embodiment, the embedding body 41 is an inverted tooth structure or a wave structure continuously distributed along the axial direction of the center body 3, or has other shapes, which are not limited here. Accordingly, the embedding groove 42 can be a groove formed between two adjacent carbon fibers of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 or the second carbon fiber winding layer 32, or can be a groove structure formed by the resin matrix pre-impregnated with the first carbon fiber winding layer 31. Plasma is sprayed into the embedding groove 42 to form the embedding body 41, so that the embedding groove 42 is adapted to the shape of the embedding body 41 and forms a toothing structure, and is distributed along the axial direction of the center body 3, thereby effectively improving the buffering adjustment ability and fatigue resistance of the pressure vessel 1 on the basis of ensuring airtightness.

[0059] In one embodiment, the side of the transition permeability layer 332 close to the main layer 331 is defined as the first side, and the other side is defined as the second side, and the concentration of plasma gradually decreases from the first side to the second side. When the anti-seepage layer and the carbon fiber winding layer use completely different materials, such as the main layer 331 is made of metal, the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and the main layer 331 have different thermal expansion coefficients, elastic moduli and elongation. The main layer 331 and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 will produce excessive stress under changing environments, such as temperature changes or load changes, causing the main layer 331 and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 to delaminate. The provision of the transition permeability layer 332 can reduce the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and elongation between the main layer 331 and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31, and avoid excessive stress, which causes delamination between the two. The concentration of plasma gradually decreases from the first side to the second side, which can gradually reduce the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and elongation between the main layer 331 and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31, forming a transition, and further reducing the risk of delamination between the two.

[0060] In one embodiment, the thickness of the transition permeability layer 332 is less than the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 or the second carbon fiber winding layer 32. When the material of the anti-seepage layer is a metal material, the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 can prevent the metal material from exchanging ions with the outside world, and has a certain protective effect on the anti-seepage layer. In one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the transition permeability layer 332 to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 is 1 / 4-3 / 4. The central body 3 of the pressure vessel 1 is formed by winding many layers of carbon fiber, and the thickness of each carbon fiber winding layer is relatively small. When the ratio of the thickness of the transition permeability layer 332 to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 is small, it means that the degree of fusion between the two is small.

[0061] In one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the main layer 331 to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer 32 is 1 / 3-2. Preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the main layer 331 to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer 32 is 1 / 2-3 / 2. More preferably, the ratio of the thickness of the main layer 331 to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer 32 is 2 / 3-4 / 3. If the thickness of the main layer 331 is too large, the weight of the entire pressure vessel 1 will increase; if the thickness of the main layer 331 is too small, since the outer surface of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 is not a flat surface, the surface of the main layer 331 will also be uneven during the overall spraying, and micro cracks are prone to occur when subjected to greater stress.

[0062] In one embodiment, the plasma deposited barrier layer 33 is a metal material layer; the metal material layer is selected from at least one material of Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Ag, Ta, Ir, Pt and their alloys; or, the plasma deposited barrier layer 33 is a ceramic material layer; the ceramic material layer is selected from at least one material of titanium nitride (T i N), zirconium nitride (ZrN), zirconium carbide (ZrC), zirconium carbonitride (ZrCN), titanium oxide (T i2O3), and copper aluminum oxide (CuAl xOy).

[0063] In another aspect of the present application, a method for producing the above-mentioned liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel is provided. In this embodiment, the production method comprises at least the following steps:

[0064] 1) winding a first carbon fiber winding layer, wherein the first carbon fiber winding layer is pre-impregnated with a resin matrix, and the resin matrix is ​​in a softened state;

[0065] 2) Spraying a plasma-deposited impermeability layer 33 on the outside of the first carbon fiber winding layer, wherein a portion of the plasma penetrates into the interior of the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a transition permeability layer 332, and another portion of the plasma is deposited on the outer surface of the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a main body layer 331;

[0066] 3) A second carbon fiber winding layer 32 is wound around a side of the main body layer 331 away from the first carbon fiber winding layer, and the second carbon fiber winding layer 32 is pre-impregnated with a resin matrix, and the resin matrix is ​​in a softened state.

[0067] It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the winding method used for winding the first carbon fiber winding layer in the embodiment can be a commonly used method for carbon fiber winding in the art, and the first carbon fiber winding layer can be composed of a circumferential winding layer and a spiral winding layer. When winding the first carbon fiber winding layer 31, the pre-impregnated resin matrix of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 is in a softened state, which is conducive to the plasma sprayed in step 2) to penetrate into the interior of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31, forming a transition permeation layer 332, which is conducive to the fusion between the anti-seepage layer and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31.

[0068] Normally, in the process of carbon fiber winding, many layers of structures need to be wound cyclically, and the resin matrix pre-impregnated in the carbon fiber winding layer is in a softened state, which helps the resin matrix between the carbon fiber winding layers to fuse together, and then the formed carbon fiber wound central body 3 is heated and cured. The present application utilizes this feature and combines it with plasma spraying technology to spray plasma between the carbon fiber winding layers to form an impermeable layer, wherein a portion of the plasma penetrates into the interior of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 to form a transition permeation layer 332 of the impermeable layer, and another portion of the plasma is deposited on the outer surface of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 to form a main body layer 331 of the impermeable layer, thereby allowing the impermeable layer to be better fused with the first carbon fiber winding layer 31.

[0069] In one embodiment, when winding the second carbon fiber winding layer 32, in order to fuse the second carbon fiber winding layer 32 with the main layer 331, the temperature of the main layer 331 needs to be no lower than the temperature of the second carbon fiber winding layer 32, so as to avoid the second carbon fiber winding layer 32 pre-impregnated with the resin matrix from transferring heat to the main layer 331, thereby reducing the temperature of its softening state and affecting the degree of fusion between the two.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, the plasma jet temperature is at least not lower than the temperature of the carbon fiber winding layer to be wound which is pre-impregnated with the resin matrix under normal conditions, but the plasma jet temperature cannot be higher than the melting temperature of the resin matrix. When the plasma jet temperature is higher than the melting temperature of the resin matrix, heat will be transferred to the carbon fiber winding layer pre-impregnated with the resin matrix, which will increase the fluidity of the resin matrix and increase the uncertainty of the flow direction of the resin matrix, which will ultimately affect the stability of the structural connection between the layers.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, the plasma spraying temperature is low temperature spraying, the spraying temperature is 20°C-60°C, the winding temperature of the carbon fiber winding layer is room temperature, and the prepreg on the surface of the carbon fiber winding layer exceeds 60°C, the fluidity may become larger, increasing the uncertainty of the prepreg flow direction, and affecting the stability of the structure between layers. The precursor material of the low temperature plasma deposition layer with a spraying temperature of 20°C-60°C can be a nitride (such as titanium nitride, zirconium nitride) or an oxide (such as titanium oxide).

[0072] In another optional embodiment, if the fluidity of the prepreg on the surface of the carbon fiber winding layer is relatively high, the sprayed winding layer may be pre-cured before plasma spraying to reduce the fluidity of the prepreg on the surface of the sprayed winding layer.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the resin matrix of the carbon fiber winding layer prepreg described in the embodiment of the present application is the resin matrix used for the carbon fiber winding layer prepreg commonly used in the art, and the plasma injection temperature and the selection of the specific precursor need to be determined according to the specific resin matrix selected.

[0074] Further, in step 1), an embedding groove 42 is formed between two adjacent parallel carbon fibers of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31; in step 2), an embedding body 41 is formed when plasma is deposited into the embedding groove 42. As an embodiment, the embedding body 41 is a continuously distributed inverse tooth structure or wave structure along the axial direction of the central body 3, or other shapes, which are not limited here. Accordingly, the embedding groove 42 can be a groove formed between two adjacent carbon fibers of the aforementioned first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer 32, or a groove structure formed by the resin matrix pre-impregnated with the first carbon fiber winding layer 31. Plasma is sprayed into the embedding groove 42 to form the embedding body 41, so that the embedding groove 42 is adapted to the shape of the embedding body 41 and forms a toothed structure, and is distributed along the axial direction of the central body 3, thereby effectively improving the buffering adjustment ability and fatigue resistance of the pressure vessel 1 on the basis of ensuring airtightness.

[0075] As for how to form the embedded groove 42 on the surface of the carbon fiber winding layer, in addition to the groove form formed between the two adjacent carbon fibers mentioned above, since the resin matrix pre-impregnated with the carbon fiber winding layer is in a softened state, a specific orderly arranged groove structure can also be formed in the resin matrix on the surface of the carbon fiber winding layer using a specific mold structure.

[0076] In one embodiment, the side of the transition permeability layer 332 close to the main layer 331 is defined as the first side, and the other side is defined as the second side, and the concentration of plasma gradually decreases from the first side to the second side. When the anti-seepage layer and the carbon fiber winding layer use completely different materials, such as the main layer 331 is made of metal, the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 and the main layer 331 have different thermal expansion coefficients, elastic moduli and elongation. The main layer 331 and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 will produce excessive stress under changing environments, such as temperature changes or load changes, causing the main layer 331 and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 to delaminate. The provision of the transition permeability layer 332 can reduce the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and elongation between the main layer 331 and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31, and avoid excessive stress, which causes delamination between the two. The concentration of plasma gradually decreases from the first side to the second side, which can gradually reduce the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and elongation between the main layer 331 and the first carbon fiber winding layer 31, forming a transition, and further reducing the risk of delamination between the two.

[0077] When the plasma sprays the transition permeable layer 332, the amount of plasma sprayed per unit time set by the plasma spraying equipment needs to gradually increase from the second surface to the first surface, and the set spraying speed needs to decrease, thereby achieving a gradual decrease in the concentration of plasma from the first surface to the second surface.

[0078] In one embodiment, the thickness of the transition permeability layer 332 is less than the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 or the second carbon fiber winding layer 32. When the material of the anti-seepage layer is a metal material, the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 can prevent the metal material from exchanging ions with the outside world, and has a certain protective effect on the anti-seepage layer. In one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of the transition permeability layer 332 to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 is 1 / 4-3 / 4. The central body 3 of the pressure vessel 1 is formed by winding many layers of carbon fiber, and the thickness of each carbon fiber winding layer is relatively small. When the ratio of the thickness of the transition permeability layer 332 to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer 31 is small, it means that the degree of fusion between the two is small.

[0079] In one embodiment, the precursor used for plasma deposition is selected from a metal material, a ceramic material or an alloy material; the metal material is selected from at least one of Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Ag, Ta, Ir, Pt and their alloys; or the ceramic material is selected from at least one of titanium nitride (TiN), zirconium nitride (ZrN), zirconium carbide (ZrC), zirconium carbonitride (ZrCN), titanium oxide (Ti2O3), and copper aluminum oxide (CuAl xOy).

[0080] When the entire central body 3 is wound into shape, it is then heated for heat setting.

[0081] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0082] The above is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel, comprising a central body wound by carbon fibers, wherein an air storage cavity is formed in the central body, and the side wall of the central body comprises a multilayer structure, characterized in that: The multi-layer structure comprises: A first carbon fiber winding layer; a second carbon fiber winding layer provided on the outer periphery of the first carbon fiber winding layer; and A plasma deposited impermeable layer provided between the first carbon fiber winding layer and the second carbon fiber winding layer, the plasma deposited impermeable layer comprising: a bulk layer deposited by said plasma; and The plasma penetrates into the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a transition penetration layer, wherein one side of the transition penetration layer close to the main layer is a first surface, and the other side is a second surface, and the concentration of the plasma gradually decreases from the first surface to the second surface; An embedding body is provided on the side of the main body layer close to the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or on the side close to the second carbon fiber winding layer. The embedding body is distributed along the axial direction of the central body. An embedding groove is provided on the surface of the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer for the embedding body to be embedded.

2. The liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the transition permeation layer is less than the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer or the second carbon fiber winding layer; The ratio of the thickness of the main body layer to the thickness of the first carbon fiber winding layer and / or the second carbon fiber winding layer is 1 / 3-2.

3. The liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma deposited impermeable layer is a metal material layer; the metal material layer is selected from at least one material of Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Ag, Ta, Ir, Pt and alloys thereof; or, The plasma deposited impermeable layer is a ceramic material layer; The ceramic material layer is selected from at least one of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, zirconium carbide, zirconium carbonitride, titanium oxide, and copper aluminum oxide.

4. The liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The embedded body is an inverted tooth structure or a wave structure which is continuously distributed along the axial direction of the central body.

5. The liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multilayer structure may include a plurality of the first carbon fiber winding layers, the second carbon fiber winding layers and the anti-seepage layer; The first carbon fiber winding layer and the second carbon fiber winding layer are carbon fibers pre-impregnated with a resin matrix.

6. A method for producing a liner-free carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel, characterized in that: The unlined carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel is the unlined carbon fiber fully wound composite pressure vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) winding a first carbon fiber winding layer, wherein the first carbon fiber winding layer is pre-impregnated with a resin matrix, and the resin matrix is ​​in a softened state; 2) spraying a plasma-deposited impermeability layer on the outside of the first carbon fiber winding layer, wherein a portion of the plasma penetrates into the interior of the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a transition permeation layer, and another portion of the plasma is deposited on the outer surface of the first carbon fiber winding layer to form a main body layer; 3) The second carbon fiber winding layer is wound on a side of the main body layer away from the first carbon fiber winding layer, the second carbon fiber winding layer is pre-impregnated with a resin matrix, and the resin matrix is ​​in a softened state.

7. The production method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step 2), the spraying temperature of the plasma is not lower than the temperature of the resin matrix and not higher than the temperature of the molten state of the resin matrix; In step 1), an embedding groove is formed between two adjacent parallel carbon fibers of the first carbon fiber winding layer; in step 2), an embedding body is formed when plasma is deposited into the embedding groove.

8. The production method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side of the transition permeation layer close to the main layer is a first surface, and the other side is a second surface. The concentration of the plasma gradually decreases from the first surface to the second surface.

9. The production method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The precursor used for the plasma deposition is selected from a metal material, a ceramic material or an alloy material.

10. The production method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The precursor is selected from at least one material of Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Ag, Ta, Ir, Pt and alloys thereof.

11. The production method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The precursor is selected from at least one material of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, zirconium carbide, zirconium carbonitride, titanium oxide, and copper aluminum oxide.

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