A temperature adaptive module for tunnel zone controllers in cold regions

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a temperature adaptive module applied to a tunnel area controller in cold regions, belonging to the field of temperature control technology. The temperature adaptive module applied to a tunnel area controller in cold regions is applied to the working temperature control of the controller in the control cabinet, including: a temperature detection module, a central control module, and a temperature adjustment module; the temperature detection module and the temperature adjustment module are both connected to the central control module; the temperature detection module is used to detect the working temperature of the controller; the temperature adjustment module adjusts the working temperature of the controller according to the duty cycle of the PWM control signal output by the central control module; the central control module is used to determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal based on the detection result of the temperature detection module. The present disclosure can solve the problem that traditional temperature control is difficult to adapt to complex and changeable low-temperature environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of temperature control technology, and in particular to a temperature adaptive module applied to a tunnel area controller in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel areas in cold regions, the controllers in the control cabinet often face severe working challenges due to the extremely low temperature environment. Low temperature not only affects the normal operation of the controller, but may also cause the performance of internal electronic components to decline, shorten their lifespan, and even cause failures, seriously threatening the safety and stable operation of the tunnel. Traditional temperature control methods mostly use simple heating or cooling devices, lack intelligent adjustment and precise control, and are difficult to adapt to complex and changeable low temperature environments. Summary of the invention

[0003] The disclosed embodiment provides a temperature adaptive module applied to a tunnel zone controller in cold regions to solve the problem that traditional temperature control is difficult to adapt to complex and changeable low-temperature environments.

[0004] The disclosed embodiment provides a temperature adaptive module for a tunnel area controller in cold regions, which is applied to the working temperature control of the controller in the control cabinet, including: a temperature detection module, a central control module, and a temperature adjustment module;

[0005] The temperature detection module and the temperature adjustment module are both connected to the central control module;

[0006] The temperature detection module is used to detect the operating temperature of the controller;

[0007] The temperature regulating module adjusts the operating temperature of the controller according to the duty cycle of the PWM control signal output by the central control module;

[0008] The central control module is used to determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal based on the detection result of the temperature detection module.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the central control module is used to determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal based on the detection result of the temperature detection module, including:

[0010] Determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal by a first formula;

[0011] The first formula is:

[0012]

[0013] in, Expressed as the duty cycle of the PWM control signal, It is expressed as the minimum value of the PWM signal duty cycle, Expressed as proportional gain, It is expressed as the temperature deviation between the actual detected temperature of the controller and the set temperature. Expressed as integral gain, Expressed as the cumulative deviation, Expressed as the maximum permissible value of the cumulative deviation, It is expressed as the maximum value of the PWM signal duty cycle. Expressed as the control range of temperature.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature detection module includes:

[0015] Temperature sensors, signal generators and comparators;

[0016] The first end of the temperature sensor is used to connect to the working power supply, the second end of the temperature sensor is connected to the first end of the signal generator, and the second end of the signal generator is connected to the central control module through the comparator.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature sensor includes: a thermistor RT;

[0018] The first end of the thermistor RT is used to connect to a working power supply, and the second end of the thermistor RT is connected to the first end of the signal generator.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal generator includes: a resistor R10, a capacitor C3, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R4, a resistor R7, a capacitor C4, a timer U2, a transistor Q6, a resistor R9 and a capacitor C6;

[0020] The first end of the resistor R10 is connected to the first end of the thermistor RT, the second end of the resistor R10 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded through the resistor R4, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 through the capacitor C3, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the low trigger end of the timer U2, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the first end of the resistor R7, the second end of the resistor R7 is grounded through the capacitor C4, the second end of the resistor R7 is connected to the high trigger end of the timer U2, and the power supply end of the timer U2 is used to connect to the VCC power supply;

[0021] The discharge end of the timer U2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q6, the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to the first end of the resistor R9, the second end of the resistor R9 is used to connect to the VCC power supply, the emitter of the transistor Q6 is grounded, the collector of the transistor Q6 is grounded through the capacitor C6, and the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to the comparator.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal generator further includes: a diode D1 and a switch tube Q5;

[0023] The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the output end of the timer U2, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the control end of the switch tube Q5, the first end of the switch tube Q5 is used to connect to the -VCC power supply, and the second end of the switch tube Q5 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal generator further includes: a resistor R12, a transistor Q7, a resistor R11 and a voltage regulator U4;

[0025] The first end of the resistor R12 is used to connect to the VCC power supply, the second end of the resistor R12 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q7, the first end of the resistor R12 is connected to the cathode of the voltage regulator U4, the anode of the voltage regulator U4 is connected to the base of the transistor Q7, the base of the transistor Q7 is grounded through the resistor R11, and the collector of the transistor Q7 is connected to the first end of the resistor R9.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the comparator includes: an operational amplifier U3;

[0027] The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the second terminal of the signal generator, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is used to connect to the Vref reference voltage, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the central control module.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature adjustment module includes: a switch tube Q1, a switch tube Q2, a switch tube Q3, a switch tube Q4 and a temperature adjuster P1;

[0029] The control ends of the switch tube Q1, the switch tube Q2, the switch tube Q3 and the switch tube Q4 are all connected to the central control module;

[0030] The first end of the switch tube Q1 is used to connect to the VDD power supply, the second end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the first end of the switch tube Q3, and the second end of the switch tube Q3 is grounded;

[0031] The first end of the switch tube Q2 is used to connect to the VDD power supply, the second end of the switch tube Q2 is connected to the first end of the switch tube Q4, and the second end of the switch tube Q4 is grounded;

[0032] The first end of the temperature regulator P1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q1 , and the second end of the temperature regulator P1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q2 .

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature adjustment module further includes: a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a resistor R2, and a capacitor C2;

[0034] The first end of the resistor R1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q1, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the temperature regulator P1, and the second end of the resistor R1 is grounded through the capacitor C1;

[0035] The first end of the resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q2 , the second end of the resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the temperature regulator P1 , and the second end of the resistor R2 is grounded through the capacitor C2 .

[0036] The beneficial effects of a temperature adaptive module applied to a tunnel zone controller in a cold region provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure are as follows:

[0037] The disclosed embodiment improves the working stability and durability of the controller in extreme low temperature environments by integrating three core functions: high-precision temperature detection, intelligent central control decision-making, and precise temperature adjustment. The disclosed embodiment can monitor and feedback the operating temperature of the controller in real time, ensuring that the central control module can respond quickly and calculate the optimal PWM control signal duty cycle, thereby accurately adjusting the temperature environment around the controller. This dynamic adjustment mechanism effectively prevents the negative impact of low temperature on the internal electronic components of the controller, and ensures the normal operation and high-efficiency performance of the controller. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a temperature adaptive module for a tunnel area controller in cold regions provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of a temperature detection module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a temperature detection module provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a temperature regulating module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to enable people in the technical field to better understand the present solution, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present solution will be clearly described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present solution. Obviously, the described embodiment is an embodiment of a part of the present solution, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present solution, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present solution.

[0044] The term "including" and any other variations in the specification and claims of this solution and the above drawings mean "including but not limited to", and is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions and is not limited to the examples listed in the text. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0045] Tunnel monitoring systems are usually composed of multiple subsystems such as ventilation and lighting, environmental monitoring, traffic guidance, fire and fire fighting, video monitoring, telephone broadcasting, etc. The tunnel monitoring center integrates the data of each subsystem, monitors the tunnel operation status in real time, detects and handles abnormal events in a timely manner, and provides a safe and comfortable travel environment for drivers and passengers.

[0046] The data collection and control of each subsystem device in the tunnel is realized through the controller installed on the tunnel site. The controller is equipped with digital input and output (IO) units and analog input (AI) acquisition units for connecting to each subsystem device to realize data collection or control of the access device; it is equipped with a communication unit to realize communication with the monitoring center; the controller can execute custom logic and has multiple functions such as signal collection, local control, logic processing, and remote networking. It is the core equipment of tunnel monitoring and the key to the entire tunnel monitoring.

[0047] Tunnel monitoring system is indispensable in modern traffic management. It integrates high-definition video monitoring, environmental monitoring, traffic flow analysis, emergency warning and response and other functions, and can grasp the traffic conditions, environmental changes and potential safety hazards in the tunnel in real time, effectively prevent traffic accidents, improve emergency response speed, ensure driving safety and smooth roads, and is an important technical means to ensure safe and efficient tunnel operation. Therefore, the good working performance of the controller is the prerequisite for the normal operation of the tunnel monitoring system.

[0048] Temperature is an important factor affecting the operation of the controller. In the tunnel area of ​​cold regions, the controller in the control cabinet often faces severe working challenges due to the extreme low temperature environment. In a low temperature environment, the electronic components inside the controller may face the problem of performance degradation. For example, the conductivity of some semiconductor materials will change at low temperatures, resulting in an increase in resistance or a decrease in current transmission efficiency. This may directly affect the signal processing speed and accuracy of the controller, and thus affect its overall performance. Secondly, low temperature may also cause problems in the mechanical structure inside the controller. Due to the shrinkage and embrittlement of materials at low temperatures, the connectors, circuit boards, etc. inside the controller may be affected by stress, resulting in breakage, poor contact and other faults. These faults may interrupt the normal operation of the controller and even cause the entire system to fail. Therefore, when using the controller, the impact of the low temperature environment must be fully considered. To this end, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a temperature adaptive module for a controller in a tunnel area in cold regions, which effectively prevents the negative impact of low temperature on the electronic components inside the controller and ensures the normal operation and high efficiency of the controller.

[0049] The following is a detailed description of the implementation of the present disclosure in conjunction with the specific drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a temperature adaptive module for a tunnel area controller in cold regions provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The temperature adaptive module for the tunnel area controller in cold areas is used for the working temperature control of the controller in the control cabinet, including: a temperature detection module, a central control module, and a temperature adjustment module; the temperature detection module and the temperature adjustment module are both connected to the central control module; the temperature detection module is used to detect the working temperature of the controller; the temperature adjustment module adjusts the working temperature of the controller according to the duty cycle of the PWM control signal output by the central control module; the central control module is used to determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal based on the detection result of the temperature detection module.

[0051] The controller used in the tunnel area control cabinet in cold regions will be affected by the low temperature of the working environment. Under extremely low temperature conditions, the performance of some components may still be affected, such as resistance value changes, capacitor leakage, etc., which will affect the overall performance of the controller. In order to ensure the overall performance of the controller, this embodiment proposes a temperature adaptive module for the tunnel area controller in cold regions.

[0052] In this embodiment, in cold areas, the temperature in the tunnel is extremely low, which poses a challenge to the electronic components of the controller. The temperature detection module is used to detect the current working environment temperature of the controller in real time, and convert the detected temperature signal into an electrical signal and send it to the central control module. The central control module receives the temperature data from the temperature detection module and determines whether the current temperature is within the normal working temperature range of the controller. If the detected temperature is lower than or higher than the set threshold, the central control module calculates the duty cycle of the corresponding PWM (pulse width modulation) control signal according to the temperature deviation. The duty cycle determines the working time and intensity of the heating or cooling element in the temperature adjustment module, thereby achieving the adjustment of the working temperature of the controller. The temperature adjustment module can adjust the working environment temperature of the controller through heating or cooling elements (such as heating resistors, semiconductor heat pumps, heat pipes, etc.) according to the PWM control signal output by the central control module. For example: when the temperature is detected to be too low, the heating element will be activated to increase the temperature around the controller; conversely, if the temperature is too high, the temperature may be reduced by cooling elements. The duty cycle of the PWM signal determines the working intensity and duration of these elements, thereby achieving precise temperature control.

[0053] For example, in the tunnel area control cabinet in cold areas, the temperature detection module uses a high-precision digital temperature sensor, such as the TMP117 model. The sensor is installed in the key heating part of the controller, which can quickly and accurately collect temperature data at a frequency of milliseconds, and transmit the data to the central control module in real time through the I2C communication protocol. The central control module uses a high-performance microcontroller, such as the STM32F4 series. It has built-in rich analog-to-digital conversion and computing resources, and can quickly process information from the temperature detection module. When the central control module receives the temperature data, it can compare it with the preset temperature threshold range. If the temperature is lower than the lower threshold, such as -20°C, the central control module can calculate the appropriate PWM control signal duty cycle according to a specific algorithm. The temperature adjustment module consists of a power MOSFET tube and a heating resistor. When receiving the PWM control signal output by the central control module, the MOSFET tube controls the conduction time of the heating resistor according to the duty cycle of the signal, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the operating temperature of the controller. For example, when the duty cycle is 50%, the MOSFET tube is on for half a cycle in one cycle, and the heat generated by the heating resistor is moderate, causing the controller temperature to rise gradually; when the duty cycle is 80%, the on time is longer, the heating power increases, and the controller temperature rises rapidly.

[0054] To ensure the stability and reliability of the system, an over-temperature protection mechanism is also set up. When the central control module detects that the temperature exceeds the preset upper threshold, such as 60°C, it will immediately stop outputting the PWM control signal and stop heating to prevent the controller from being damaged due to excessive temperature. At the same time, the power supply of the entire temperature adaptive module is provided by a stable DC power supply in the control cabinet, and the DC-DC conversion circuit provides the required power supply of different voltage levels for the temperature detection module, the central control module and the temperature adjustment module.

[0055] From the above, it can be concluded that this embodiment improves the working stability and durability of the controller in extreme low temperature environments by integrating the three core functions of high-precision temperature detection, intelligent central control decision-making and precise temperature adjustment. This embodiment can monitor and feedback the operating temperature of the controller in real time, ensuring that the central control module can respond quickly and calculate the optimal PWM control signal duty cycle, thereby accurately adjusting the temperature environment around the controller. This dynamic adjustment mechanism effectively prevents the negative impact of low temperature on the internal electronic components of the controller, and ensures the normal operation and high-efficiency performance of the controller.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the central control module is used to determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal based on the detection result of the temperature detection module, including:

[0057] Determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal by a first formula;

[0058] The first formula is:

[0059]

[0060] in, Expressed as the duty cycle of the PWM control signal, It is expressed as the minimum value of the PWM signal duty cycle, Expressed as proportional gain, It is expressed as the temperature deviation between the actual detected temperature of the controller and the set temperature. Expressed as integral gain, Expressed as the cumulative deviation, Expressed as the maximum permissible value of the cumulative deviation, It is expressed as the maximum value of the PWM signal duty cycle. Expressed as the control range of temperature.

[0061] In this embodiment, the duty cycle of the PWM control signal output to the temperature adjustment module is calculated and determined by the first formula. The first formula combines the proportional and integral control strategies, and dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal according to the temperature deviation and its cumulative effect to achieve accurate control of the operating temperature of the controller.

[0062] The central control module obtains the actual operating temperature of the controller from the temperature detection module and compares it with the preset set temperature to obtain the temperature deviation. . Proportional Control Directly adjust the PWM duty cycle according to the size of the temperature deviation. When the temperature deviation is large, the proportional control item can produce a larger adjustment amount to make the temperature quickly approach the set value. Determines the sensitivity of this adjustment. Integral control term The cumulative effect of temperature deviation is taken into account. The integral control term accumulates past temperature deviations. To gradually eliminate the deviation. If the temperature deviation persists (that is, the system has a steady-state error), the integral term will gradually increase until the deviation is completely eliminated. However, in order to avoid integral saturation (that is, the integral term is too large, causing the system to over-respond), the maximum allowable value of the cumulative deviation is introduced. , ensuring that the integral term does not grow indefinitely.

[0063] According to the results of the proportional and integral control terms, the duty cycle of the PWM control signal is calculated by the first formula: The duty cycle of the PWM control signal is limited to a minimum value and maximum value to ensure that the heating or cooling elements are not overloaded. At the same time, the temperature control range As a normalization factor, it ensures that the duty cycle is adjusted to match the temperature control range.

[0064] For example, in the temperature adaptive module of the tunnel area controller in cold regions, the minimum value of the PWM signal duty cycle is set. 10%, maximum value is 90%. Proportional gain Set to 0.5, integral gain Set to 0.2. Set the temperature to 0℃, the temperature control range The maximum permissible value of the cumulative deviation is [-30℃, 30℃]. is 100°C.

[0065] When the temperature detection module detects that the actual operating temperature of the controller is -20℃, the temperature deviation At -20℃, the cumulative deviation is 50℃.

[0066] First calculate the temperature deviation: =-20-0=-20℃.

[0067] Then calculate the actual cumulative deviation within the maximum allowed value: =min(50,100)=50℃.

[0068] Next, calculate the duty cycle:

[0069]

[0070] The central control module calculates the duty cycle to be 10% and outputs the corresponding PWM control signal. After receiving this signal, the temperature control module operates according to the 10% duty cycle to moderately heat the controller to increase its operating temperature.

[0071] As the temperature changes, the temperature detection module continues to detect, and the central control module constantly recalculates the duty cycle according to the above formula and adjusts the output PWM control signal, thereby achieving precise adaptive adjustment of the controller's operating temperature and ensuring its stable and reliable operation in cold environments.

[0072] From the above, it can be concluded that in this embodiment, by introducing an intelligent algorithm that combines proportional and integral control strategies, the temperature adaptive module can respond to temperature deviations more accurately and quickly, and dynamically adjust the duty cycle of the PWM control signal, thereby effectively maintaining a stable operating temperature of the controller in tunnels in cold areas, avoiding the negative impact of extreme low temperatures on the performance of the controller.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature detection module includes: a temperature sensor, a signal generator and a comparator; the first end of the temperature sensor is used to connect to the working power supply, the second end of the temperature sensor is connected to the first end of the signal generator, and the second end of the signal generator is connected to the central control module through the comparator.

[0074] In this embodiment, the temperature sensor is responsible for sensing and converting temperature information into a measurable electrical signal. Its first end is connected to the working power supply to obtain the required electrical energy for operation. The second end is connected to the signal generator. The temperature sensor will change its own electrical characteristics, such as resistance value, according to the detected temperature change. The signal generator receives the electrical signal from the temperature sensor and converts it into a signal in a specific form, such as a sine wave, a triangle wave or a sawtooth wave signal. Depending on the temperature, the signal generator can change the frequency of the output signal in a specific form. The comparator compares the signal output by the signal generator with a preset reference signal, and converts the signal in a specific form output by the signal generator into a pulse signal. Depending on the temperature, the frequency of the pulse signal output by the comparator is different. Finally, the comparator transmits the output pulse signal to the central control module, and the central control module judges the operating temperature of the controller based on the frequency of the pulse signal, thereby providing a basis for subsequent temperature adjustment decisions.

[0075] For example, if the pulse signal frequency output by the comparator is preset to be 100Hz when the temperature is 0℃. When the actual detected temperature is -10℃, the pulse signal frequency output by the comparator may become 80Hz. The central control module judges that the temperature is lower than the set value, thereby increasing the duty cycle of the PWM control signal and strengthening the heating to increase the temperature. Conversely, when the temperature is higher than 0℃, the pulse signal frequency increases, and the central control module reduces the duty cycle, reduces the heating intensity or stops heating.

[0076] From the above, it can be concluded that in this embodiment, the temperature sensor converts the temperature change into an electrical signal, which is then converted into a specific waveform signal whose frequency changes with the temperature by the signal generator, and finally compared with the preset reference signal by the comparator to generate a pulse signal with different frequencies and transmit it to the central control module. This not only improves the sensitivity and accuracy of temperature detection, but also enables the central control module to more accurately judge the operating temperature state of the controller based on the frequency change of the pulse signal, thereby providing strong support for intelligent temperature adjustment and ensuring the stable operation of the controller in tunnels in cold areas.

[0077] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature sensor includes: a thermistor RT; a first end of the thermistor RT is used to connect to a working power supply, and a second end of the thermistor RT is connected to a first end of a signal generator.

[0078] In this embodiment, the thermistor RT can be used as a temperature sensor, and its working principle is based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature. When the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor RT will change accordingly. For example, when the temperature rises, the resistance value of the thermistor RT can decrease; and when the temperature decreases, its resistance value can increase. The first end of the thermistor RT is connected to the working power supply to provide it with the electrical energy required for operation. Its second end is connected to the first end of the signal generator. Due to the change in resistance value, an electrical signal related to temperature is input to the signal generator.

[0079] like Figure 3As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal generator includes: a resistor R10, a capacitor C3, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R4, a resistor R7, a capacitor C4, a timer U2, a transistor Q6, a resistor R9 and a capacitor C6; a first end of the resistor R10 is connected to a first end of the thermistor RT, a second end of the resistor R10 is connected to an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded through the resistor R4, an output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 through the capacitor C3, and an output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a low The trigger end, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the first end of the resistor R7, the second end of the resistor R7 is grounded through the capacitor C4, the second end of the resistor R7 is connected to the high trigger end of the timer U2, and the power supply end of the timer U2 is used to connect to the VCC power supply; the discharge end of the timer U2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q6, the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to the first end of the resistor R9, the second end of the resistor R9 is used to connect to the VCC power supply, the emitter of the transistor Q6 is grounded, the collector of the transistor Q6 is grounded through the capacitor C6, and the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to the comparator.

[0080] In this embodiment, the resistor R10, the capacitor C3, the operational amplifier U1, the resistor R4, the resistor R7, the capacitor C4, the timer U2, the transistor Q6, the resistor R9 and the capacitor C6 constitute a signal generator for generating a sawtooth wave signal.

[0081] Among them, the operational amplifier U1, the capacitor C3 and the resistor R10 constitute an integration circuit for outputting a triangular wave. The timer U2 can be a 555 timer. The timer U2 constitutes an oscillation circuit. The timer U2 will output a pulse signal at the discharge end (DIS pin) of the timer U2 according to the triangular wave signal. When the discharge end (DIS pin) of the timer U2 is at a high level, the transistor Q6 is turned on, the collector voltage of the transistor Q6 instantly becomes 0, and the electric energy previously stored in the capacitor C6 is discharged through the transistor Q6; when the discharge end (DIS pin) of the timer U2 is at a low level, the transistor Q6 is turned off, the capacitor C6 starts to charge, and the collector voltage of the transistor Q6 starts to rise slowly. When the discharge end (DIS pin) of the timer U2 becomes a high level again, the transistor Q6 is turned on again, thus forming a cycle, thereby generating a sawtooth wave signal at the collector of the transistor Q6.

[0082] The frequency of the sawtooth wave signal is determined by the resistor R10 and the capacitor C3. Since the resistor R10 and the thermistor RT are connected in series, when the resistance of the thermistor RT changes due to temperature, the frequency of the sawtooth wave signal will also change. Therefore, the temperature of the controller can be determined by the frequency of the sawtooth wave signal generated by the collector of the transistor Q6.

[0083] For example, assume that at a certain initial temperature, the resistance of the thermistor RT makes the sawtooth wave frequency 300Hz. When the temperature rises, the resistance of the thermistor RT decreases, which can cause the sawtooth wave frequency to increase to 500Hz; and when the temperature drops, the resistance of the thermistor RT increases, which can reduce the sawtooth wave frequency to 300Hz. In this way, by measuring and analyzing the frequency, the temperature can be detected and judged.

[0084] It can be concluded from the above that this embodiment not only improves the accuracy and sensitivity of temperature detection, but also enables the temperature of the controller to be quickly determined by measuring the frequency of the sawtooth wave signal, providing a more direct and reliable basis for temperature control. The processing flow of the temperature signal is simplified, and the response speed and stability of this embodiment are improved.

[0085] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal generator further includes: a diode D1 and a switch tube Q5; the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the output end of the timer U2, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the control end of the switch tube Q5, the first end of the switch tube Q5 is used to connect to the -VCC power supply, and the second end of the switch tube Q5 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1.

[0086] In this embodiment, the diode D1 and the switch tube Q5 constitute a reset circuit. When the discharge end of the timer U2 is at a high level, the output end (OUT pin) of the timer U2 outputs a high level, the switch tube Q5 is turned on, and the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 provides a negative operating voltage (-VCC). The absolute value of the negative operating voltage is greater than the power supply voltage of the first end of the thermistor RT, ensuring that the triangular wave output by the integration circuit drives the timer U2 normally. When the discharge end of the timer U2 is at a low level, the output end (OUT pin) of the timer U2 outputs a low level, and the switch tube Q5 is turned off. The reliability of the circuit operation is improved.

[0087] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal generator further includes: a resistor R12, a transistor Q7, a resistor R11 and a voltage regulator U4; the first end of the resistor R12 is used to connect to the VCC power supply, the second end of the resistor R12 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q7, the first end of the resistor R12 is connected to the cathode of the voltage regulator U4, the anode of the voltage regulator U4 is connected to the base of the transistor Q7, the base of the transistor Q7 is grounded through the resistor R11, and the collector of the transistor Q7 is connected to the first end of the resistor R9.

[0088] In this embodiment, the resistor R12, the transistor Q7, the resistor R11 and the voltage regulator U4 constitute a constant current source. In the tunnel area of ​​cold regions, the environment is relatively harsh, and the voltage generated by the working power supply of the temperature adaptive module may also fluctuate. When the working power supply fluctuates, the waveform of the sawtooth wave signal will be unstable, which may cause the accuracy of temperature control to decrease. In order to ensure the stability of the sawtooth wave signal, the constant current circuit is also connected in this embodiment.

[0089] When the power supply VCC increases, the voltage on the resistor R9 increases, and the voltage on the resistor R11 also increases, and the base current of the transistor Q7 increases, thereby reducing the collector current flowing through the transistor Q7, thereby suppressing the voltage on the resistor R9 from increasing. When the power supply VCC decreases, the voltage on the resistor R9 decreases, and the voltage on the resistor R11 also decreases, and the base current of the transistor Q7 decreases, thereby increasing the collector current flowing through the transistor Q7, thereby suppressing the voltage on the resistor R9 from decreasing.

[0090] The voltage on the resistor R9 is stable, that is, the amplitude of the sawtooth wave signal is also stable, thereby ensuring the stability of the sawtooth wave signal.

[0091] It can be concluded from the above that the constant current source circuit in this embodiment can automatically adjust and stabilize the voltage on the resistor R9, ensuring that the amplitude of the sawtooth wave signal remains constant, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and stability of temperature control and providing reliable protection for temperature adaptive control in harsh environments.

[0092] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the comparator includes: an operational amplifier U3; the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the second end of the signal generator, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is used to connect to the Vref reference voltage, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the central control module.

[0093] In this embodiment, the operational amplifier U3 works by comparing the voltages of the inverting input terminal (signal to be compared) and the non-inverting input terminal (reference voltage Vref). When the voltage of the inverting input terminal is higher than the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal, its output terminal will output a low-level signal. On the contrary, when the voltage of the inverting input terminal is lower than the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal, the output terminal will output a high-level signal.

[0094] Through this comparison, the operational amplifier U3 converts the temperature-related sawtooth wave signal output by the signal generator into a pulse signal of the same frequency and transmits it to the central control module. The central control module determines the current temperature of the controller based on the frequency of the received pulse signal.

[0095] It can be concluded from the above that in this embodiment, the operational amplifier U3 converts the temperature-related sawtooth wave signal output by the signal generator into a pulse signal of the same frequency, and transmits it to the central control module in real time. The complexity of signal processing is simplified, the accuracy of temperature detection is improved, and the central control module can more directly and accurately judge the temperature of the current controller according to the frequency of the pulse signal, thereby achieving faster and more accurate temperature control and adjustment.

[0096] like Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature adjustment module includes: a switch tube Q1, a switch tube Q2, a switch tube Q3, a switch tube Q4 and a temperature regulator P1; the control ends of the switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are all connected to the central control module; the first end of the switch tube Q1 is used to connect to the VDD power supply, the second end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the first end of the switch tube Q3, and the second end of the switch tube Q3 is grounded; the first end of the switch tube Q2 is used to connect to the VDD power supply, the second end of the switch tube Q2 is connected to the first end of the switch tube Q4, and the second end of the switch tube Q4 is grounded; the first end of the temperature regulator P1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q1, and the second end of the temperature regulator P1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q2.

[0097] In this embodiment, the temperature regulator P1 may be a semiconductor heat pump, which can realize the functions of heating and cooling the controller.

[0098] Switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 form a bridge. If the controller needs to be heated, the central control module sends a high-level signal to the control end of switch tube Q1 and the control end of switch tube Q4, and switch tubes Q1 and Q4 are turned on, and switch tubes Q2 and Q3 are turned off. At this time, the current passes through switch tube Q1, temperature regulator P1, and switch tube Q4 in sequence and then reaches the ground. At this time, temperature regulator P1 can heat the controller. If the current working environment temperature of the controller is high and needs to be cooled, the central control module sends a high-level signal to the control end of switch tube Q2 and the control end of switch tube Q3, and switch tubes Q2 and Q3 are turned on, and switch tubes Q1 and Q4 are turned off. At this time, the current passes through switch tube Q2, temperature regulator P1, and switch tube Q3 in sequence and then reaches the ground. At this time, temperature regulator P1 can cool the controller.

[0099] It can be concluded from the above that, whether heating or cooling, this embodiment can flexibly control the conduction and cutoff of the switch tube through the central control module, thereby adjusting the current flow direction, so that the temperature regulator P1 provides the controller with a heating or cooling effect as required. The response speed and accuracy of temperature regulation are improved, and the flexibility and reliability of the system are also enhanced.

[0100] like Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature adjustment module further includes: a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2; the first end of the resistor R1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q1, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the temperature regulator P1, and the second end of the resistor R1 is grounded through the capacitor C1; the first end of the resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q2, the second end of the resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the temperature regulator P1, and the second end of the resistor R2 is grounded through the capacitor C2.

[0101] In this embodiment, the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1, as well as the resistor R2 and the capacitor C2, respectively form two groups of RC circuits. When the current flows to the temperature regulator P1 through the switch tube Q1 or Q2, the resistors R1 and R2 respectively limit the instantaneous change of the current, while the capacitors C1 and C2 smooth the voltage fluctuation through the charging and discharging process, reducing the influence of high-frequency noise and transient interference on the temperature regulator P1. In this way, not only the temperature regulator P1 is protected from damage, but also the accuracy and stability of temperature regulation are improved, ensuring the precise control of the controller temperature.

[0102] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A temperature adaptive module for tunnel area controllers in cold regions, used for the working temperature control of controllers in control cabinets, characterized in that: include: Temperature detection module, central control module, temperature adjustment module; The temperature detection module and the temperature adjustment module are both connected to the central control module; The temperature detection module is used to detect the operating temperature of the controller; The temperature regulating module adjusts the operating temperature of the controller according to the duty cycle of the PWM control signal output by the central control module; The central control module is used to determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal based on the detection result of the temperature detection module; The temperature detection module comprises: Temperature sensors, signal generators and comparators; The first end of the temperature sensor is used to connect to the working power supply, the second end of the temperature sensor is connected to the first end of the signal generator, and the second end of the signal generator is connected to the central control module through the comparator; The temperature sensor comprises: a thermistor RT; The first end of the thermistor RT is used to connect to the working power supply, and the second end of the thermistor RT is connected to the first end of the signal generator; The signal generator includes: a resistor R10, a capacitor C3, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R4, a resistor R7, a capacitor C4, a timer U2, a transistor Q6, a resistor R9 and a capacitor C6; The first end of the resistor R10 is connected to the first end of the thermistor RT, the second end of the resistor R10 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded through the resistor R4, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 through the capacitor C3, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the low trigger end of the timer U2, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the first end of the resistor R7, the second end of the resistor R7 is grounded through the capacitor C4, the second end of the resistor R7 is connected to the high trigger end of the timer U2, and the power supply end of the timer U2 is used to connect to the VCC power supply; The discharge end of the timer U2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q6, the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to the first end of the resistor R9, the second end of the resistor R9 is used to connect to the VCC power supply, the emitter of the transistor Q6 is grounded, the collector of the transistor Q6 is grounded through the capacitor C6, and the collector of the transistor Q6 is connected to the comparator; The signal generator also includes: a diode D1 and a switch tube Q5; The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the output end of the timer U2, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the control end of the switch tube Q5, the first end of the switch tube Q5 is used to connect to the -VCC power supply, and the second end of the switch tube Q5 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1; The signal generator also includes: a resistor R12, a transistor Q7, a resistor R11 and a voltage regulator U4; The first end of the resistor R12 is used to connect to the VCC power supply, the second end of the resistor R12 is connected to the emitter of the transistor Q7, the first end of the resistor R12 is connected to the cathode of the voltage regulator U4, the anode of the voltage regulator U4 is connected to the base of the transistor Q7, the base of the transistor Q7 is grounded through the resistor R11, and the collector of the transistor Q7 is connected to the first end of the resistor R9; The temperature adjustment module includes: a switch tube Q1, a switch tube Q2, a switch tube Q3, a switch tube Q4 and a temperature adjuster P1; The control ends of the switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 are all connected to the central control module; the first end of the switch tube Q1 is used to connect to the VDD power supply, the second end of the switch tube Q1 is connected to the first end of the switch tube Q3, and the second end of the switch tube Q3 is grounded; The first end of the switch tube Q2 is used to connect to the VDD power supply, the second end of the switch tube Q2 is connected to the first end of the switch tube Q4, and the second end of the switch tube Q4 is grounded; The first end of the temperature regulator P1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q1, and the second end of the temperature regulator P1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q2; The temperature adjustment module also includes: a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2; The first end of the resistor R1 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q1, the second end of the resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the temperature regulator P1, and the second end of the resistor R1 is grounded through the capacitor C1; The first end of the resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the switch tube Q2 , the second end of the resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the temperature regulator P1 , and the second end of the resistor R2 is grounded through the capacitor C2 .

2. A temperature adaptive module for a tunnel area controller in cold regions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The central control module is used to determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal based on the detection result of the temperature detection module, including: Determine the duty cycle of the output PWM control signal by a first formula; The first formula is: in, Expressed as the duty cycle of the PWM control signal, It is expressed as the minimum value of the PWM signal duty cycle, Expressed as proportional gain, It is expressed as the temperature deviation between the actual detected temperature of the controller and the set temperature. Expressed as integral gain, Expressed as the cumulative deviation, Expressed as the maximum permissible value of the cumulative deviation, It is expressed as the maximum value of the PWM signal duty cycle. Expressed as the control range of temperature.

3. The temperature adaptive module for a tunnel area controller in cold regions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The comparator comprises: an operational amplifier U3; The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the second terminal of the signal generator, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is used to connect to the Vref reference voltage, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the central control module.

Images