A method and device for evaluating a meteorological mesoscale model

Abstract

The present application provides an evaluation method and device for a meteorological mesoscale model. By differentially setting the solution contents of multiple dimensional solutions for a general meteorological mesoscale model, it is possible to achieve differentiated setting of the numerical values ​​of parameters for the general meteorological mesoscale model, and obtain multiple candidate meteorological mesoscale models with different parameter values, and select the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the smallest error between the actual situation of the meteorology in the target area as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area. The meteorological situation of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the smallest error is closer to the actual situation of the meteorology in the target area, and the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the parameter combination has better performance for the target area. In this way, a meteorological mesoscale model that is closer to the actual situation of the meteorology in the target area can be obtained, which is convenient for subsequent simulation of the meteorology in the target area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of resource utilization technology, and in particular to an evaluation method and device for a meteorological mesoscale model. Background Art

[0002] WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) is a numerical weather forecast system designed for mesoscale weather forecasting and atmospheric research.

[0003] The WRF model is one of the important tools for weather forecasting. It can provide medium- and short-term weather forecasts, including factors such as precipitation, temperature, and wind speed. It can also be used to study the causes and evolution of climate change and extreme weather events. For example, by adjusting the parameters, physical processes, and boundary conditions of the model, the impact of different factors (such as terrain, ocean, vegetation, human activities, etc.) on weather and climate can be studied. In addition, the WRF model can also be coupled with other models (such as wave models and hydrodynamic models) to form a more complex and comprehensive system to study a wider range of atmospheric issues. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application shows a method and device for evaluating a meteorological mesoscale model.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for evaluating a meteorological mesoscale model, the method comprising:

[0006] When it is necessary to obtain a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area, determine the time period of the meteorological data to be simulated in the target area, the grid spacing of the meteorological data to be simulated in the target area, the underlying surface topography of the target area, and the sea area where the target area is located;

[0007] Acquire a plurality of scheme combinations corresponding to a meteorological mesoscale model according to at least one of the time period, the grid spacing, the underlying surface topography, and the sea area;

[0008] Among them, a scheme combination includes: the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the schemes of multiple dimensions; the scheme contents of at least one scheme of the same dimension in any two scheme combinations are different; the schemes of multiple dimensions include at least two of the following: microphysics scheme, longwave radiation scheme, shortwave radiation scheme, planetary boundary layer scheme, cumulus parameterization scheme, turbulent mixing scheme, radiation call frequency scheme, shallow water roughness scheme, land roughness scheme, near-surface layer scheme, land surface process scheme and tropical mixed layer scheme;

[0009] For any scheme combination, according to the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the scheme combination, the values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model are determined; according to the determined values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model, the multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model are set to obtain a candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination; the wind speed of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination and the wind direction of the target area are obtained; the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area are obtained; according to the simulated wind speed of the target area, the simulated wind direction of the target area, the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area, the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination is obtained;

[0010] The candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the lowest error index is determined as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present application shows an evaluation device for a meteorological mesoscale model, the device comprising:

[0012] A first determination module is used to determine the time period of meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the grid spacing of meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the underlying surface topography of the target area, and the sea area where the target area is located when a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area is needed;

[0013] An acquisition module, used for acquiring a plurality of scheme combinations corresponding to a meteorological mesoscale model according to at least one of the time period, the grid spacing, the underlying surface topography and the sea area;

[0014] Among them, a scheme combination includes: the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the schemes of multiple dimensions; the scheme contents of at least one scheme of the same dimension in any two scheme combinations are different; the schemes of multiple dimensions include at least two of the following: microphysics scheme, longwave radiation scheme, shortwave radiation scheme, planetary boundary layer scheme, cumulus parameterization scheme, turbulent mixing scheme, radiation call frequency scheme, shallow water roughness scheme, land roughness scheme, near-surface layer scheme, land surface process scheme and tropical mixed layer scheme;

[0015] The second determination module is used to determine, for any combination of schemes, the values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model according to the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the combination of schemes; set the multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model according to the determined values ​​of the multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model to obtain a candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes; obtain the wind speed of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes and the wind direction of the target area simulated; obtain the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area; obtain the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes according to the simulated wind speed of the target area, the simulated wind direction of the target area, the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area;

[0016] The third determination module is used to determine the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the lowest error index as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present application shows an electronic device, which includes: a processor; a memory for storing processor-executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to execute the method described in any of the above aspects.

[0018] In a fourth aspect, the present application illustrates a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium, which, when instructions in the storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, enables the electronic device to execute a method as described in any of the above aspects.

[0019] In a fifth aspect, the present application illustrates a computer program product. When instructions in the computer program product are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the electronic device is enabled to execute the method described in any of the above aspects.

[0020] The technical solution provided by this application may have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Through this application, by performing differentiated settings of the scheme contents of the schemes of multiple dimensions on the general meteorological mesoscale model, it is realized that the numerical values ​​of the parameters of the general meteorological mesoscale model are differentiated, and multiple candidate meteorological mesoscale models with different numerical values ​​of the parameters are obtained, and then each candidate meteorological mesoscale model is tested, and the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the smallest error between the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area is selected, and used as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area. Among them, the meteorological situation of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the smallest error between the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area is closer to the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area, and the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the parameter combination has better performance for the target area. In this way, through this application, a meteorological mesoscale model that is closer to the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area can be obtained, which is convenient for subsequent simulation of the meteorology of the target area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the steps of an evaluation method of a meteorological mesoscale model of the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of wind direction coordinate conversion in the present application.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a wind direction coordinate of the present application.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of an evaluation device for a meteorological mesoscale model of the present application.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a block diagram of an electronic device of the present application.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a block diagram of an electronic device of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] The WRF model is a general model used to simulate meteorological conditions. However, the specific conditions in different regions of the world are different, and the actual meteorological conditions in different regions are also different. The WRF model is not set up for the actual meteorological conditions in a specific region.

[0030] Therefore, for any specific area, the meteorological conditions simulated by the WRF model are not very consistent with the actual meteorological conditions in the specific area. Therefore, the WRF model cannot accurately simulate and emulate the meteorological conditions in the specific area.

[0031] Therefore, how to obtain a meteorological mesoscale model that can accurately simulate the actual meteorological conditions in a specific area is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 , shows a flow chart of the steps of a method for evaluating a meteorological mesoscale model of the present application, the method can be applied to an electronic device, the electronic device can include a terminal or a server, etc., wherein the method can specifically include the following steps:

[0033] In step S101, when it is necessary to obtain a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area, the time period of the meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the grid spacing of the meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the underlying surface topography of the target area, and the sea area where the target area is located are determined.

[0034] This application actually uses a universal meteorological mesoscale model to obtain a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area.

[0035] There are many general meteorological mesoscale models, such as WRF, or the Global / Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System, or the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, which are not limited in this application.

[0036] In one example, WRF is taken as a general meteorological mesoscale model for illustration, but this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] The WRF model is a fully compressible non-hydrostatic model, and the governing equations are written in flux form, where the terrain follows the mass vertical coordinates. For example:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] in, is the static air pressure, is the surface pressure, is the air pressure at the top of the model (constant). Such vertical coordinates are also called mass vertical coordinates.

[0041] The WRF model also includes momentum equation, mass conservation equation, potential equation, undisturbed potential temperature conservation equation, static force relationship and other equations, which will not be described in detail here.

[0042] Among them, the time period of meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the grid spacing of meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the underlying surface topography of the target area, and the sea area where the target area is located can all be manually set by the staff. For example, assuming that the staff needs to obtain a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area, the staff can set the time period of meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the grid spacing of meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the underlying surface topography of the target area, and the sea area where the target area is located in the electronic device according to actual needs.

[0043] The meteorological data simulated by the meteorological mesoscale model are given with the grid as the minimum resolution.

[0044] The grid can be rectangular, square, triangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal, etc.

[0045] If the grid is a square, the side length of the grid may be 1 km, 2 km, 3 km, 5 km, 10 km, 15 km, 20 km or 30 km, etc.

[0046] The grid spacing can be understood as the distance between the centers of the grid.

[0047] The length of a time period can be 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes or 60 minutes, etc.

[0048] The sea areas include the first sea area, the second sea area, the third sea area and the fourth sea area, etc.

[0049] The first sea area may include a mid-latitude sea area, and the second sea area may include a mid-latitude sea area.

[0050] The first sea area and the second sea area are sea areas in different regions. For example, the first sea area is the Bohai Sea area, and the second sea area is the Yellow Sea area.

[0051] The third sea area may include mid- and low-latitude sea areas. For example, the third sea area is the East China Sea.

[0052] The fourth sea area may include low-latitude sea areas. For example, the fourth sea area is the South China Sea.

[0053] In mid-latitude waters, atmospheric movement has obvious seasonal variations and is more significantly affected by land features.

[0054] In mid- and low-latitude waters, changes in the ocean mixed layer are greatly affected by the continental shelf and river estuaries, and depth changes are relatively small.

[0055] The low-latitude waters are more obviously affected by the large-scale ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean, and there are almost no obvious continental shelf features near the coast.

[0056] The underlying surface topography refers to the terrain features where the earth's surface is in direct contact with the lower atmosphere, including the distribution of land and sea, terrain undulation, surface roughness, etc. These features have a significant impact on the climate and atmospheric environment.

[0057] In step S102, a plurality of scheme combinations corresponding to a meteorological mesoscale model are obtained according to at least one of the time period, the grid spacing, the underlying surface topography and the sea area.

[0058] Among them, a scheme combination includes: the scheme contents of each dimensional scheme in the schemes of multiple dimensions. The scheme contents of at least one scheme of the same dimension in any two scheme combinations are different. The schemes of multiple dimensions include at least two of the following: microphysics scheme, longwave radiation scheme, shortwave radiation scheme, planetary boundary layer scheme, cumulus parameterization scheme, turbulent mixing scheme, radiation call frequency scheme, shallow water roughness scheme, land roughness scheme, near-surface layer scheme, land surface process scheme and tropical mixed layer scheme.

[0059] It can be understood that the microphysics scheme, longwave radiation scheme, shortwave radiation scheme, planetary boundary layer scheme, cumulus parameterization scheme, turbulent mixing scheme, radiation calling frequency scheme, shallow water roughness scheme, land roughness scheme, near-surface layer scheme, land surface process scheme and tropical mixed layer scheme are schemes of different dimensions.

[0060] Meteorological mesoscale models have many parameters. For example, the WRF model mentioned above has multiple equations, each of which has many parameters with numerical values.

[0061] The above-mentioned schemes in multiple dimensions will each have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model.

[0062] For example, the microphysics scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the longwave radiation scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the shortwave radiation scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the planetary boundary layer scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the cumulus parameterization scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the turbulent mixing scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the radiation call frequency scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the shallow water roughness scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the land roughness scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the near-surface layer scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, the land surface process scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model, and the tropical mixed layer scheme will have an impact on the numerical settings of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model.

[0063] Any scheme will have an impact on the setting of the numerical values ​​of parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model. The specific settings may depend on the scheme content and / or the type of the meteorological mesoscale model, which will not be elaborated here.

[0064] The extent to which any scheme will affect the setting of the values ​​of some parameters in the meteorological mesoscale model may depend on the scheme content and / or the type of meteorological mesoscale model, and will not be elaborated here.

[0065] The parameters in the same meteorological mesoscale model affected by any two scenarios may or may not have overlapping parts.

[0066] The overlapping parts can be understood as: two different schemes will affect the setting of the value of the same parameter in the same meteorological mesoscale model. If the two different schemes affect the setting of the value of the same parameter in the same meteorological mesoscale model in different ways, the two different schemes will have a coupled effect on the setting of the value of the same parameter in the same meteorological mesoscale model. How to carry out the coupled effect can be determined according to the specific content of the two schemes and the type of meteorological mesoscale model, which will not be described in detail here.

[0067] In one example, atmospheric motion is affected by various external factors, such as water phase transition, underlying surface properties, boundary layer conditions, surface types, etc. When simulating atmospheric motion, the model needs to consider the interaction between the atmosphere and these factors. However, the impact of these factors on atmospheric motion is not a simple linear process, but a very complex and nonlinear process. Therefore, when simulating atmospheric motion, it is necessary to introduce (semi-)empirical parameterization schemes. For example, the microphysical scheme considers the phase and distribution characteristics of sub-grid scale cloud microparticles, as well as the energy change process of phase transition. Another example is the near-surface layer scheme, which considers the energy exchange process during the ground-air radiation transmission between the atmosphere and the underlying surface. These parameterization schemes play an important role in the conservation of energy and mass in the atmospheric motion equations.

[0068] The WRF model includes numerous physical process schemes, which provides users with a variety of options, allowing them to adjust the model's scheme combination according to different needs and specific local characteristics. The quality of the scheme combination directly determines the final simulation effect of the model. Its main physical process schemes include microphysical schemes, planetary boundary layer schemes, land surface process schemes, shortwave radiation schemes and longwave radiation schemes.

[0069] Microphysics Microphysics scheme, the dissipation of clouds affects the energy changes of microphysical processes in the atmosphere. The changes in microphysical energy affect non-convective precipitation, as well as the impact of cloud shielding on radiation, which in turn affects the energy of the atmosphere.

[0070] Cumulus parameterization schemes,Cumulus parameterization schemes, affect the ground through convective precipitation.

[0071] PBL, the planetary boundary layer scheme, affects the ground through temperature, humidity, and wind.

[0072] Radiation radiation scheme affects the ground energy through shortwave and longwave radiation towards the surface.

[0073] The surface process scheme generates energy interaction with the boundary layer through the exchange of latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, and affects the radiation through surface longwave radiation and shortwave scattering.

[0074] It should be noted that in many meteorological mesoscale models (such as WRF, etc.), the default setting of scheme contents is required for schemes of multiple dimensions. Among the schemes of multiple dimensions, there are at least microphysical schemes, longwave radiation schemes, shortwave radiation schemes, planetary boundary layer schemes, cumulus parameterization schemes, turbulent mixing schemes, radiation call frequency schemes, shallow water roughness schemes, land roughness schemes, near-surface layer schemes, land surface process schemes, and tropical mixed layer schemes, etc. These dimensional schemes are all known dimensional schemes. The specific scheme contents may be inconsistent, and may be the default scheme contents, so that a general meteorological mesoscale model is obtained, such as the WRF model, or the scheme contents are specially selected according to specific circumstances, so that a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for specific circumstances is obtained.

[0075] The conditions in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea are basically similar, and the spatial range is relatively small, so parameter setting and simulation can be unified.

[0076] The South China Sea has a large ocean area and typhoons and other weather conditions are relatively frequent, so the impact of typhoons can be considered.

[0077] The details of this step may be referred to in the embodiments shown later, and will not be described in detail here.

[0078] In step S103, for any scheme combination, the values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model are determined according to the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the scheme combination. According to the determined values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model, multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model are set to obtain a candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination. The wind speed of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination and the wind direction of the simulated target area are obtained. The actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area are obtained. According to the simulated wind speed of the target area, the simulated wind direction of the target area, the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area, the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination is obtained.

[0079] Among them, for the determination method of "determining the values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model according to the solution content of the solutions of each dimension in the solution combination", it can be determined according to the solution content of the solution and / or the type of meteorological mesoscale model, which will not be described in detail here. The specific determination method can refer to the existing determination method. This application does not limit the specific determination method and will not be described in detail one by one.

[0080] In an example of the present application, the universal meteorological mesoscale model is a WRF model. The WRF model has a large number of formulas, and the formulas have a large number of parameters, which can be regarded as different types of parameters. Each parameter needs to have a numerical value. Therefore, for any type of parameter in the universal meteorological mesoscale model, the parameter of this type in the universal meteorological mesoscale model can be set according to the numerical value of the parameter of this type in the determined universal meteorological mesoscale model. On the mathematical level, it can be understood as: the numerical value of the parameter of this type in the determined universal meteorological mesoscale model is used as the parameter of this type in the universal meteorological mesoscale model, and the same is true for each other type of parameter in the universal meteorological mesoscale model, thereby achieving setting of multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model according to the numerical values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the determined universal meteorological mesoscale model, and obtaining a candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination.

[0081] For the candidate meteorological mesoscale models corresponding to different scheme combinations, since the scheme contents of at least one scheme of the same dimension in any two scheme combinations are different, the numerical values ​​of at least one parameter of the same type in the candidate meteorological mesoscale models corresponding to different scheme combinations are different, resulting in different candidate meteorological mesoscale models corresponding to different scheme combinations.

[0082] The same is done for each other scheme combination, thereby obtaining the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to each scheme combination.

[0083] In addition, the wind speed and wind direction of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination may be obtained through satellite remote sensing data, or may be obtained through other actual monitoring equipment (such as monitoring sensors or wind towers), etc. This application does not limit the specific method of obtaining the actual data.

[0084] In the present application, the meteorological mesoscale model itself has the ability to simulate and output wind direction and wind speed. Thus, the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination has the ability to simulate and output the wind speed and wind direction of the target area. Thus, in the present application, the wind speed and wind direction of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination can be directly obtained.

[0085] In addition, in one embodiment of the present application, the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination is obtained according to the simulated wind speed of the target area, the simulated wind direction of the target area, the actual wind speed of the target area, and the actual wind direction of the target area in the following manner, including:

[0086] In one embodiment, the wind speed error index may be calculated according to the following formula based on the simulated wind speed of the target area and the actual wind speed of the target area:

[0087]

[0088] The above formula is the wind speed error index calculation formula. In the above formula, error 2 is the wind speed error index, V 1 is the wind speed in the simulated target area, V 2 is the actual wind speed in the target area.

[0089] In another embodiment, the wind direction error index may be calculated according to the following formula based on the simulated wind direction of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area:

[0090]

[0091] The above formula is the calculation formula for the wind direction error index. In the above formula, error 1 is the wind direction error index, θ 1 is the wind direction of the simulated target area, θ 2 is the actual wind direction in the target area, and η is the preset coefficient.

[0092] η is the ratio between the maximum value of the first value range and the maximum value of the second value range.

[0093] The first value range is the value range of the wind speed error index calculation formula used in calculating the wind speed error index, and the second value range is the value range of the wind direction error index calculation formula used in calculating the wind direction error index.

[0094] For example, with respect to wind direction, the simulated wind direction of the target area is expressed in terms of angle, and the actual wind direction of the target area is also expressed in terms of angle.

[0095] like Figure 2 As shown, the angle corresponding to the simulated wind direction of the target area and the angle corresponding to the actual wind direction of the target area are θ 1 and θ 2 , represent the wind direction on the unit circle and convert the angle coordinates into rectangular coordinates, such as Figure 3 As shown: Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of wind direction coordinate conversion provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0096] θ 1 →(x 1 ,y 1 )=(sinθ 1 , cosθ 1 )

[0097] θ 2 →(x 2 ,y 2 )=(sinθ 2 , cosθ 2 )

[0098] The error between the simulated wind direction of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area is defined as: the length of the chord determined by the two coordinates on the unit circle, that is, d, such as Figure 3 As shown, the calculation process is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] because The value range is [0, 2]. The wind speed error index calculation formula is the mean square error. Therefore, the wind speed error index has a larger value range. In order to achieve the synchronous calculation of wind speed error and wind direction error without bias, the scaling factor is set according to the value range of the wind speed error index. right To scale proportionally, the specific steps are as follows:

[0101] , and use it as the wind direction error index calculation formula.

[0102] In an example, if the wind speed error indicator is a mean square error with a value range of [0, s], then the error Set it to s and use it as the wind direction error index calculation formula.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present application, the sum of the wind speed error index and the wind direction error index can be calculated to obtain the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination.

[0104] Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present application, the average value between the wind speed error index and the wind direction error index can be calculated to obtain the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination.

[0105] In this way, the wind speed error and the wind direction error can be considered in a balanced manner, so that the wind speed error and the wind direction error can be taken into account together to improve the accuracy of the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the calculated scheme combination.

[0106] In step S104, the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the lowest error index is determined as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area.

[0107] In the present application, the candidate meteorological mesoscale models corresponding to each scheme combination can be sorted in order from low to high according to their respective error indicators, and then the candidate meteorological mesoscale model ranked first is selected as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area.

[0108] Through this application, by performing differentiated settings of the scheme contents of the schemes of multiple dimensions on the general meteorological mesoscale model, it is realized that the numerical values ​​of the parameters of the general meteorological mesoscale model are differentiated, and multiple candidate meteorological mesoscale models with different numerical values ​​of the parameters are obtained, and then each candidate meteorological mesoscale model is tested, and the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the smallest error between the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area is selected, and used as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area. Among them, the meteorological situation of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the smallest error between the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area is closer to the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area, and the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the parameter combination has better performance for the target area. In this way, through this application, a meteorological mesoscale model that is closer to the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area can be obtained, which is convenient for subsequent simulation of the meteorology of the target area.

[0109] In one embodiment of the present application, multiple scheme combinations corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model may be obtained according to at least one of the time period, the grid spacing, the underlying surface topography, and the sea area in the following manner, including:

[0110] In one embodiment, the solution content of the microphysical solution, the solution content of the longwave radiation solution, the solution content of the shortwave radiation solution and the solution content of the planetary boundary layer solution corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model are determined according to the time period and / or the sea area.

[0111] In another embodiment, according to the grid spacing, the scheme content of the cumulus parameterization scheme, the scheme content of the turbulence mixing scheme and the scheme content of the radiation calling frequency scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model are determined.

[0112] The radiation calling frequency scheme may be understood as: the calling frequency of calling the radiation scheme, for example, the calling frequency of calling the long-wave radiation scheme and / or the calling frequency of calling the short-wave radiation scheme.

[0113] In another embodiment, based on the underlying surface topography and / or the sea area, the solution contents of the near-surface layer solution, the solution contents of the shallow water roughness solution, the solution contents of the land roughness solution, and the solution contents of the land surface process solution corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model are determined.

[0114] In another embodiment, the content of the tropical mixed layer scheme is determined based on the sea area.

[0115] In the present application, the solution content of the microphysical solution, the solution content of the longwave radiation solution, the solution content of the shortwave radiation solution, and the solution content of the planetary boundary layer solution corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model can be determined according to the time period and / or the sea area in the following manner, including:

[0116] In one embodiment, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the time period is the winter half year (October of the current year to March of the next year), since my country covers low latitudes and mid-latitudes, there are certain differences in solar radiation between the winter half year and the summer half year. For example, the solar radiation angle in the winter half year will become a specific angle, which is different from the solar radiation angle in the summer half year, and the frequent ice and snow processes and supercooled water will have specific impacts on the microphysical scheme, cloud formation, radiation, etc. Therefore, it can be determined that the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the single-moment 5th-order scheme of the WRF model, the long-wave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized long-wave scheme, the short-wave radiation scheme is the Gold short-wave parameterized scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the University of Washington turbulent kinetic energy boundary layer scheme.

[0117] The WRF Single-moment 5-class Schemes in the WRF model is a type of microphysical process parameterization scheme, which involves the frequent ice and snow processes and supercooled water in winter, and is used to simulate cloud microphysical processes in the atmosphere, including the generation, transformation and elimination of water components such as cloud droplets, raindrops, ice crystals, snow and graupel. These schemes play an important role in numerical weather forecasting and atmospheric science research because they can affect key elements such as simulated precipitation distribution, cloud cover, and radiation transfer.

[0118] The single-time 5th-order scheme in the WRF model is one of the WRF single-time series of schemes. The WRF single-time series of schemes are known for their simplicity and computational efficiency and are suitable for simulating a variety of meteorological conditions.

[0119] The Radiative Parameterized Longwave Schemes (RRTMG Longwave Schemes) are part of an atmospheric radiative transfer model widely used in climate simulation and weather forecasting. RRTMG is an accelerated version of the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM) designed for general circulation models (GCMs). It is mainly used to evaluate the longwave and shortwave radiation fluxes and heating rates in the atmosphere.

[0120] Among them, the longwave radiation scheme of RRTMG (RRTMG_LW) adopts the correlated-k approach to calculate the longwave radiation flux and heating rate.

[0121] RRTMG stands for Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Models.

[0122] The Goddard shortwave parameterization scheme is a shortwave radiation parameterization scheme widely used in climate simulation and weather forecasting. The scheme was proposed by Chou and Suarez in 1994 and has been continuously developed and improved. It has now become one of the standard components in many atmospheric models and forecasting systems.

[0123] Gold's shortwave parameterization scheme divides shortwave radiation into multiple spectral bands and uses a two-stream approximation method to calculate solar shortwave radiation and direct radiation components. This scheme not only takes into account processes such as scattering in the clear sky atmosphere and absorption by water vapor, but also pays special attention to the effects of aerosols and ozone on solar shortwave radiation. This makes the scheme more accurate and reliable when simulating shortwave radiation transmission under complex atmospheric conditions.

[0124] In atmospheric science, the "boundary layer" refers to the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the region between the Earth's surface and the free atmosphere, which is strongly affected by the surface properties (such as topography, vegetation, cities, etc.). The boundary layer scheme is an important component of atmospheric models, which is used to simulate the temporal and spatial variations of meteorological elements (such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc.) within the boundary layer.

[0125] TKE (Turbulent Kinetic Energy) is a key parameter in the study of atmospheric turbulence. Turbulent kinetic energy describes the kinetic energy of fluid particles in turbulent motion, and is essential for understanding the vertical exchange of momentum, heat, and water vapor in the atmospheric boundary layer. Turbulence is the main mechanism for the vertical exchange of momentum, heat, and water vapor in the atmospheric boundary layer, so accurate simulation of TKE is essential for understanding and predicting the changes in meteorological elements in the boundary layer.

[0126] The University of Washington (TKE) BoundaryLayer Scheme includes a boundary layer model that takes into account the effects of the TKE to more accurately describe the turbulent structure and dynamics within the boundary layer.

[0127] Alternatively, in another embodiment, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the time period is the summer half year (April to September of the current year), since my country covers low latitudes and mid-latitudes, there are certain differences in solar radiation between the winter half year and the summer half year. For example, the solar radiation angle in the summer half year will become a specific angle, which is different from the solar radiation angle in the winter half year, and the less frequent ice and snow processes and supercooled water will have specific impacts on the microphysical scheme, cloud formation, radiation, etc. Therefore, it can be determined that the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the Kessler scheme, the longwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized longwave scheme, the shortwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized shortwave scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the University of Washington turbulent kinetic energy boundary layer scheme.

[0128] The Kessler scheme is a relatively simple warm cloud parameterization scheme that takes into account the generation, precipitation, evaporation of rainwater, and the generation process of cloud water.

[0129] Radiation parameterization shortwave schemes (RRTMG Shortwave Schemes) are important tools in meteorology and atmospheric science for simulating the transmission and interaction of solar shortwave radiation in the atmosphere. RRTMG (Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs) is jointly developed by multiple research institutions to improve the accuracy and efficiency of radiation transfer calculations in global climate models (GCMs).

[0130] GCM (General Circulation Model) is a complex computer model used to simulate the Earth's atmospheric and ocean circulation, temperature, humidity, precipitation and other climate characteristics.

[0131] The RRTMG shortwave scheme is specially designed to handle the transmission of solar shortwave radiation (including visible light and ultraviolet light) in the atmosphere. The scheme combines the fast radiation transfer algorithm with the latest radiation transfer theory, and can efficiently simulate the atmospheric transmission process of solar shortwave radiation under clear sky and cloud conditions.

[0132] The RRTMG shortwave scheme adopts a fast radiation transfer algorithm, which can significantly improve the calculation efficiency while ensuring the calculation accuracy, and is suitable for large-scale climate simulation and weather forecasting.

[0133] The RRTMG shortwave scheme is based on the latest radiation transfer theory. It takes into account the absorption, scattering and reflection of shortwave radiation by various components in the atmosphere (such as water vapor, ozone, aerosols, etc.), as well as the complex influence of clouds, thereby improving the accuracy of the simulation. A variety of parameterization options are provided, allowing users to customize and optimize the model according to specific research needs and application scenarios. In climate simulation, the RRTMG shortwave scheme is widely used to evaluate the shortwave radiation flux and heating rate in the atmosphere, providing an important basis for the prediction and assessment of climate change. In the weather forecast system, the scheme also plays an important role in helping to predict key parameters such as solar radiation intensity in future weather conditions. The RRTMG shortwave scheme is also used in basic research on radiation transfer, and through comparison and verification with other radiation transfer models, it continuously promotes the development and improvement of radiation transfer theory.

[0134] Alternatively, in another embodiment, if the sea area is the fourth sea area, the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the single-moment 6th-order scheme of the WRF model, the longwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized longwave scheme, the shortwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized shortwave scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the Yonsei University scheme.

[0135] The single-moment 6-class scheme in the WRF model, commonly referred to as the WRF Single-Moment 6-Class Microphysics Scheme (WSM6), is an important scheme in the WRF model for describing cloud and precipitation microphysical processes.

[0136] The WSM6 scheme is a microphysical parameterization scheme in the WRF model that predicts the mixing ratios of the six water phase particles: water vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, snow, rain and graupel. The scheme has been an optional microphysical process scheme in the WRF model since August 2004.

[0137] WSM6 is a relatively complex microphysics scheme that takes into account more water-phase particles and microphysical processes, such as nucleation, growth and sedimentation of ice crystals. This scheme can more accurately predict precipitation intensity and distribution, especially in small grid spacing, where the amount and peak intensity of precipitation increase with the increase in the number of water-phase particles. The WSM6 scheme is applicable to a variety of weather and climate simulation scenarios, including idealized thunderstorm simulations and actual heavy precipitation events.

[0138] The Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the planetary boundary layer scheme is a planetary boundary layer parameterization scheme for mesoscale weather forecast models (such as the WRF model). The YSU scheme was developed by researchers at Yonsei University in South Korea and has gradually been widely used in the simulation of the planetary boundary layer in meteorological mesoscale models. As one of the oldest universities in South Korea, Yonsei University also has a high reputation in the field of meteorology for its scientific research strength. The YSU scheme uses the inverse gradient term when representing the non-local gradient flux, which helps to more accurately describe the turbulent exchange process in the boundary layer. The scheme defines the top of the PBL (planetary boundary layer) at the maximum roll-in layer, and the height of the PBL depends on the buoyancy profile. This definition makes the simulation of the PBL more consistent with the actual atmospheric conditions. Compared with the original MRF (mesoscale forecast model) scheme, the YSU scheme adds a roll-in layer treatment proportional to the ground buoyancy flux at the top of the PBL, which helps to improve the simulation of turbulent mixing at the top of the boundary layer. The YSU scheme has been widely used in mesoscale weather forecast models due to its good simulation performance and wide applicability. For example, in the WRF model, the YSU scheme is often used to simulate the planetary boundary layer structure and its impact on the weather under different weather systems. During the simulation process, the YSU scheme can better capture the changing characteristics of meteorological elements such as wind speed, temperature, and humidity in the boundary layer, providing an important reference for weather forecasting. At the same time, the scheme also has a certain degree of terrain adaptability and can better handle boundary layer simulation problems under complex terrain.

[0139] In the present application, the scheme contents of the cumulus parameterization scheme, the scheme contents of the turbulence mixing scheme, and the scheme contents of the radiation calling frequency scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model can be determined according to the grid spacing in the following manner, including:

[0140] In one embodiment, when the grid spacing is greater than 10 kilometers, the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the Kane-Fritch scheme, the turbulent mixing scheme is turned off and not used, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme every 15 seconds.

[0141] When the grid spacing is greater than 10 kilometers, the model simulation is mainly based on larger-scale atmospheric movements. At this time, the amplitude of changes in large-scale space affected by radiation is relatively small. In order to optimize the calculation logic and calculation amount, the adjustment interval of the radiation scheme is set to 15 seconds.

[0142] The turbulence mixing scheme is turned off and not used. It can be understood that the turbulence mixing scheme is not used. At a grid spacing of more than 10km, it is difficult to distinguish turbulence and vertical mixing. Therefore, the turbulence mixing scheme can be not used to reduce unnecessary calculations.

[0143] The Kain-Fritsch Scheme is a cumulus parameterization scheme widely used in meteorology and atmospheric science. It is mainly used in numerical simulation and weather forecast systems to characterize cumulus convection processes and their impact on atmospheric circulation and precipitation. The Kain-Fritsch Scheme is a cumulus parameterization method based on cloud physical processes. It simulates the formation, development and dissipation of cumulus clouds, as well as the impact of these processes on atmospheric temperature, humidity and dynamic fields through a series of assumptions and formulas. The scheme is usually integrated into mesoscale weather forecast models (such as the WRF model) to improve the model's forecasting ability for complex meteorological phenomena such as precipitation and convective weather. The Kain-Fritsch Scheme considers in detail the physical processes of water vapor condensation, latent heat release, cloud droplet growth and precipitation formation in the cumulus convection process, making the simulation results closer to actual observations. The scheme improves the adaptability and accuracy of the simulation by adjusting a series of parameters to adapt to different climate backgrounds and terrain conditions. Compared with the complete three-dimensional cloud resolution simulation, the Kane-Fritsch scheme significantly reduces the computational cost while maintaining a certain accuracy in describing the physical process, making large-scale and long-term numerical simulation possible.

[0144] Alternatively, in another embodiment, when the grid spacing is greater than 3 kilometers and less than or equal to 10 kilometers, the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be a multi-scale Kane-Fritch scheme, the turbulent mixing scheme is a turbulent mixing diffusion scheme guided by slope terrain, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is a radiation scheme called every 5 seconds.

[0145] When the grid spacing is greater than 3 km and less than or equal to 10 km, the model simulates atmospheric physical changes between mesoscale and large-scale motions, and in order to further distinguish the mesoscale motion process, the radiation scheme time interval can be appropriately adjusted to 5 seconds.

[0146] The Multi-Scale Kain-Fritsch Scheme (MSKF) is an enhanced convective parameterization scheme designed to better adapt to the simulation requirements of different grid spacings. When the model grid spacing is close to the scale of the convective process (the so-called "gray zone"), the scheme can more effectively represent the convective transport. The MSKF scheme aims to improve the simulation accuracy of convective processes at different grid spacings by introducing multi-scale analysis. The MSKF scheme combines multi-scale analysis techniques to more accurately describe convective processes at different scales. The scheme has been improved to be suitable for grid spacings greater than 3 kilometers and less than or equal to 10 kilometers, which is more flexible than traditional schemes. It can simultaneously predict convective triggering and model related convective trends and precipitation rates.

[0147] The turbulent mixing scheme in the meteorological mesoscale model is a key component for simulating turbulent motion in the atmosphere, and is of great significance for accurately predicting and simulating the distribution and changes of wind, temperature, humidity and other elements in the atmosphere.

[0148] Turbulence is a complex flow phenomenon in the atmosphere, manifested as random pulsations and irregular changes in physical quantities such as fluid velocity, temperature, and pressure. In meteorological mesoscale models, turbulent mixing refers to the exchange of matter and energy between different levels of the atmosphere through turbulent motion, thus affecting the overall state of the atmosphere.

[0149] The turbulent mixing and diffusion scheme guided by slope terrain mainly utilizes the natural characteristics of slope terrain and combines the dynamic principles of atmospheric turbulence to achieve gas movement and diffusion mainly along the slope direction. The slope terrain guides the direction of turbulent movement by affecting the flow direction and speed of the airflow, thereby enhancing the mixing and diffusion of the gas in the slope direction.

[0150] Alternatively, in another embodiment, when the grid spacing is less than or equal to 3 kilometers, the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be turned off and not used, the turbulent mixing scheme is turned on and used, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme once every 2 seconds.

[0151] When the grid spacing is less than or equal to 3 kilometers, the model simulates mainly mesoscale and microscale atmospheric motion processes. Changes in such processes are more sensitive to atmospheric radiation. Therefore, the radiation interval can be further adjusted to 2 seconds.

[0152] The grid spacing of less than or equal to 3 km is small enough to directly resolve cumulus clouds, eliminating the need to use cumulus parameterization schemes to characterize cumulus activity, thus saving computational resources.

[0153] The turbulence mixing scheme is enabled, which can calculate physical phenomena such as turbulence with small grid spacing in physical space.

[0154] For example, the turbulent mixing scheme is a full diffusion scheme that uses the full metric term to more accurately compute horizontal gradients in inclined coordinates.

[0155] In another embodiment of the present application, when the grid spacing is less than 3 kilometers, regardless of the winter or summer half of the year, the microphysical scheme can use the single-moment 6th-order scheme in the WRF model, which is a simulation scheme that includes ice, snow, and sleet processes and is suitable for small grid spacing.

[0156] Turbulence and other changes in small grid spacing in physical space are fast, so the radiation solution can be called every 2 seconds.

[0157] In the present application, the scheme contents of the near-surface layer scheme, the scheme contents of the shallow water roughness scheme, the scheme contents of the land roughness scheme, and the scheme contents of the land surface process scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model can be determined according to the underlying surface topography and / or the sea area in the following manner, including:

[0158] In one embodiment, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the underlying surface terrain is greater than 70% of the ocean area, the shallow water roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the nearshore shallow water roughness scheme with a water depth of less than 100m, the near-surface layer scheme is the fifth-generation mesoscale model revised scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the 5-layer thermal diffusion scheme.

[0159] The fact that the underlying surface terrain is ocean area accounts for more than 70% can be understood as: the ratio between the area of ​​the ocean area in the target area and the total area of ​​the target area is greater than 70%.

[0160] The underlying surface topography determines the underlying surface roughness of atmospheric movement, and affects factors such as friction between atmospheric movement and the ground surface, radiation reflection, and heat exchange. When the ocean and land serve as atmospheric underlying surfaces, there are obvious differences in their relevant physical characteristics. Therefore, in the underlying surface topography dominated by the ocean, it is necessary to reflect the physical change characteristics of the ocean itself and appropriately combine the physical factors of less land to properly reflect the more realistic underlying surface information. In this way, it can be determined that the shallow water roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the offshore shallow water roughness scheme with a water depth of less than 100m, the near-surface layer scheme is the revised scheme of the fifth-generation mesoscale model, and the land surface process scheme is the 5-layer heat diffusion scheme.

[0161] Roughness is an important parameter that describes the interaction between the sea surface and the atmosphere, which directly affects the generation, development and propagation of wind and waves. In shallow water areas, due to the shallow water depth, the interaction between waves and the seabed is enhanced, making the change of roughness more complex, which is consistent with the characteristics of shallow water conditions in Jinhai.

[0162] For offshore shallow water areas with a water depth of less than 100m, the selection of (sea surface) roughness schemes should consider the following factors: Interaction between waves and the seabed: The friction between waves and the seabed in shallow water areas is enhanced, and it is necessary to select a parameterized scheme that can fully consider this factor. Wind speed and direction: Wind speed and wind direction are one of the main factors affecting sea surface roughness. Select a scheme that can accurately reflect the impact of wind speed and wind direction on sea surface roughness. Wave conditions: Including wave period, wave height, wave direction, etc., these factors also have a significant impact on sea surface roughness. Water depth: Shallow water areas are shallow, and wave deformation and breaking are more significant. It is necessary to select a parameterized scheme that can consider the impact of water depth.

[0163] Roughness schemes applicable to shallow offshore waters less than 100 m deep may include:

[0164] GW06 scheme: According to research, the calculation results of GW06 scheme are better under the conditions of pure wind waves or when the swell direction is the same as the wind wave direction. This scheme can better reflect the interaction between waves and seabed in shallow water areas.

[0165] PS07 scheme: This scheme is a self-developed parameterization scheme for sea surface roughness, which may be optimized for the characteristics of shallow water areas. In some studies, the PS07 scheme has good applicability.

[0166] DGHQ03 scheme: This scheme takes into account the relationship between sea surface roughness, wave age and significant wave height, and may be applicable to a variety of sea conditions, including shallow water areas.

[0167] The Revised MM5 Scheme (MM5 stands for Mesoscale Model 5) is a series of improvements and optimization measures for the original MM5 model, aiming to improve the simulation accuracy, stability and applicability of the model. For example, it can reduce the friction of the sea surface under strong winds.

[0168] With the continuous progress of meteorological observation technology, numerical calculation methods and physical process parameterization research, the original MM5 model may no longer meet the growing demand for meteorological forecasts in some aspects. Therefore, it is an inevitable choice to revise the MM5 model and introduce new technologies and methods to improve the model's forecasting capabilities. The fifth-generation mesoscale model revision scheme achieves a more accurate simulation of mesoscale and regional scale atmospheric circulation by optimizing physical process parameterization, improving numerical calculation methods, and assimilating higher-precision meteorological data.

[0169] The revised scheme of the fifth-generation mesoscale model revises and optimizes the parameterization schemes of water vapor condensation, evaporation, cloud microphysics and other processes based on the latest scientific research results and measured data to improve the model's simulation accuracy of precipitation processes. A more accurate parameterization scheme of solar shortwave radiation and atmospheric longwave radiation is introduced, and the impact of different cloud amounts and cloud types on radiation transfer is considered to improve the model's simulation accuracy of meteorological elements such as temperature and humidity. Improvements are made to processes such as turbulent exchange and momentum transfer in the boundary layer to more accurately simulate meteorological elements such as wind, temperature, and humidity in the near-surface layer.

[0170] The 5-layer Thermal Diffusion Scheme in the land surface process scheme is a parameterized scheme used to simulate soil temperature and its interaction with the atmosphere. It is a scheme that only provides soil temperature.

[0171] The 5-layer heat diffusion scheme, also known as the Slab scheme or the 5-layer thermal diffusion scheme, is a simplified scheme in the land surface process scheme. It focuses on the change of soil temperature and simulates the heat transfer process inside the soil by vertical stratification.

[0172] The scheme vertically subdivides the soil layer into five layers, with thicknesses of 1 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm, 8 mm and 16 mm from top to bottom. Below these layers, the temperature is fixed at a deep average level. This layered structure helps to more finely simulate the variation of soil temperature with depth.

[0173] In the 5-layer heat diffusion scheme, energy calculations include radiation, sensible heat, and latent heat fluxes. These fluxes together determine the change in soil temperature. The scheme simulates the transfer and distribution of heat inside the soil by solving the heat diffusion equation.

[0174] The five-layer heat diffusion scheme has been widely used in various climate models and weather forecast systems, such as the WRF model. In these systems, the scheme is coupled with the atmospheric model as part of the land surface process to jointly simulate the interaction between the atmosphere and the land surface.

[0175] Alternatively, in another embodiment, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, when the underlying surface terrain is an ocean area accounting for 50%, it is determined that the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model.

[0176] The underlying surface terrain is that the ocean area accounts for 50%, which can be understood as: the ratio between the area of ​​the ocean area in the target area and the total area of ​​the target area is equal to 50%.

[0177] The underlying surface topography determines the roughness of the underlying surface of atmospheric movement, and affects factors such as friction between atmospheric movement and the ground surface, radiation reflection, and heat exchange. When the ocean and land serve as atmospheric underlying surfaces, there are obvious differences in their relevant physical characteristics. Therefore, when the sea and land areas are basically the same, it is necessary to consider the joint influence of the sea and land underlying surfaces at the same time, and the computational efficiency of the model must be taken into account. In this way, it can be determined that the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model.

[0178] In the development and application of meteorological models, the fifth generation mesoscale model (MM5) uses the Similarity Principle or Similarity Theory to understand and simulate atmospheric processes, especially in the design of parameterization schemes. The Similarity Principle may be reflected in its multiple physical process parameterization schemes. These parameterization schemes, such as radiation transfer, water vapor phase change, boundary layer processes, etc., rely on the Similarity Principle to be constructed and optimized.

[0179] The application of the similarity principle in the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme in meteorological models is specifically reflected in: Physical process similarity: When designing and optimizing physical process parameterization schemes, the similarity principle is used to simulate and predict physical processes at different scales in the atmosphere. For example, by comparing and simulating physical processes under similar atmospheric conditions and environments, the simulation accuracy of the model for specific weather phenomena can be improved. Data assimilation similarity: In the process of data assimilation, the similarity principle is used to evaluate and fuse meteorological observation data from different sources and different grid spacings. By comparing the similarities and differences between different data sets, information useful for model forecasting can be more effectively extracted and assimilated. Model structure similarity: In the design and optimization of model structure, the similarity principle may also be used to construct a more reasonable and efficient model framework. For example, by comparing and analyzing the similarities and advantages and disadvantages between different model structures, the improvement and optimization of the model structure can be guided.

[0180] The Unified Noah Land Surface Model is a model used to simulate land surface processes. It integrates a variety of optional physical parameterization schemes and is applied as part of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. After continuous improvement, the Unified Noah Land Surface Model has now become an important part of the WRF model. It can provide the necessary soil temperature and moisture.

[0181] The Unified Noah Land Surface Model is mainly used to simulate land surface processes, including key processes such as land surface energy balance, water cycle, and carbon cycle. It helps to understand the interaction mechanism between the land surface and the atmosphere by considering human activities, biophysical and biochemical processes. In the study of the climate system, the Unified Noah Land Surface Model plays an important role, affecting the study of atmospheric circulation and climate change. Through fine parameter settings and algorithm optimization, the Unified Noah Land Surface Model can achieve high-precision simulation of land surface processes. The Unified Noah Land Surface Model has good performance in simulating surface latent heat, sensible heat flux, and soil moisture content. The Unified Noah Land Surface Model has been widely used in the simulation of land surface processes in different regions of the world, including North America, China and many other countries and regions. It can process data input under different climatic conditions and output high-quality simulation results.

[0182] Alternatively, in another embodiment, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the underlying surface terrain is less than 30% of the ocean area, the land roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be turned on, the near-surface layer scheme is the Merlot-Yamada-Nakanishi-Nino scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model.

[0183] The fact that the underlying surface terrain is ocean area accounts for less than 30% can be understood as: the ratio between the area of ​​the ocean area in the target area and the total area of ​​the target area is less than 30%.

[0184] The underlying surface topography will determine the underlying surface roughness of atmospheric movement, and affect factors such as friction between atmospheric movement and the ground, radiation reflection, and heat exchange. When the ocean and land serve as atmospheric underlying surfaces, there are obvious differences in their relevant physical characteristics. Therefore, when the land is the main focus, it is necessary to focus on the changes in land surface roughness (topography undulations, urban buildings, etc.) and the impact of changes in soil temperature and humidity on the atmosphere-land surface heat exchange. In this way, it can be determined that the land roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is to be turned on, the near-surface layer scheme is the Merlot-Yamada-Nakanishi-Nino scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the Unified Noah Land Surface Model.

[0185] Among other things, the thermal roughness or length over land depends on the height of vegetation.

[0186] The Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino (MYNN) near-surface layer scheme is a boundary layer parameterization scheme widely used in numerical simulations of meteorology and atmospheric sciences.

[0187] The MYNN scheme was developed based on the MY boundary layer parameterization scheme proposed by Mellor and Yamada. The MY scheme is based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory and is used to describe turbulent motion in the boundary layer. Subsequently, Nakanishi proposed a new diagnostic equation for the turbulent length scale based on the MY scheme, further improving the simulation capability of the boundary layer parameters. After that, the effect of water vapor condensation was considered, and a limit term was added. The closure constant was modified according to the data of the large eddy simulation, making the MYNN scheme widely used in the WRF model.

[0188] The MYNN scheme can more accurately simulate the turbulent motion within the boundary layer, including the vertical transport process of energy and matter. This makes it perform better in simulating weather phenomena such as fog, haze, and sandstorms. It is not only applicable to the land boundary layer, but also to the ocean boundary layer, and can simulate the boundary layer structure under different underlying surface conditions. By improving the boundary layer parameterization scheme, the MYNN scheme can more accurately simulate the occurrence, movement, and spatial distribution of weather phenomena such as fog and haze, as well as the vertical distribution of meteorological elements such as temperature and humidity within the boundary layer.

[0189] Alternatively, in another embodiment, if the sea area is the fourth sea area, it is determined that the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model.

[0190] In this application, the content of the tropical mixed layer scheme can be determined according to the sea area in the following manner, including:

[0191] In one embodiment, when the sea area is the third sea area, the tropical mixed layer scheme is determined to be a one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model to enhance the cooling and feedback of the sea surface temperature.

[0192] When the sea area is the third sea area, it is sometimes affected by the continental shelf and there are factors of land influence. The changes in the ocean mixed layer in the sea area are relatively small, but they cannot be ignored. Therefore, it can be determined that the content of the tropical mixed layer scheme is a one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model.

[0193] The one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model in the tropical mixed layer scheme can be used to simulate and enhance the cooling and feedback process of sea surface temperature. This model is of great significance in marine science, meteorology and climate change research.

[0194] The one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model is a simplified ocean dynamics model that assumes that there is a layer of seawater with relatively uniform temperature on the ocean surface, namely the ocean mixed layer. This layer of seawater exchanges energy and matter with the atmosphere through mechanisms such as changes in sea-air flux and the stirring of wind and waves. The model mainly focuses on key parameters such as the depth, temperature and circulation of the mixed layer, and simulates the ocean's response to weather systems such as tropical cyclones and typhoons through changes in these parameters.

[0195] The mixed layer depth is an important parameter in the one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model, which determines the intensity and range of energy and material exchange between the ocean surface and deep seawater. The change of the mixed layer depth is affected by many factors, including wind stress, ocean currents, tides, and heat diffusion in the ocean.

[0196] Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important geophysical parameter for studying global climate change. In a one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model, the change of SST is affected by the heat balance in the mixed layer, including solar radiation, longwave radiation, sensible heat and latent heat flux. When the heat loss in the mixed layer is faster than the heat input, SST will decrease; otherwise, SST will increase.

[0197] The circulation parameters in the one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model are used to describe the flow of seawater in the mixed layer. The changes in circulation are driven by wind stress, and are also affected by factors such as topography, ocean currents, and density differences within the ocean. Changes in circulation affect the distribution of heat and matter in the mixed layer, and thus affect changes in SST.

[0198] Alternatively, in another embodiment, when the sea area is the fourth sea area, the solution content of the tropical mixed layer solution is determined to be the PWP multi-layer ocean model. In addition to the surface sea temperature, the temperature and salinity at a fixed depth are added.

[0199] When this sea area is the fourth sea area, the ocean area is relatively large, and it is greatly affected by the ocean. It is necessary to fully consider the changes in the ocean mixed layer and its impact on the atmosphere, and it is easily affected by typhoons. In this way, the content of the tropical mixed layer plan can be determined as the PWP multi-layer ocean model to reflect and judge this type of weather process.

[0200] The PWP multi-layer ocean model, in addition to the surface sea temperature, adds temperature and salinity at a fixed depth. The PWP multi-layer ocean model can reflect the physical processes of ocean horizontal advection, pressure gradient force and mixed layer.

[0201] The PWP (Practical Wave-driven Pycnocline) multi-layer ocean model is a model used to simulate the dynamic and thermodynamic processes of the upper tropical ocean. This model pays special attention to the response of the ocean mixed layer and thermocline driven by wind stress, which is of great significance for understanding the impact of tropical cyclones (such as typhoons) on the ocean and the feedback of the ocean to the climate.

[0202] The PWP model takes into account the complex processes in the upper ocean, including mixing driven by wind stress, heat flux exchange on the sea surface, vertical mixing and horizontal advection in the ocean interior, etc. The model can describe the changes in the upper ocean structure in a more detailed manner through a layered approach, especially in tropical regions, where the dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the upper ocean are particularly complex due to strong solar radiation and wind stress.

[0203] The PWP model uses a multi-layer structure to describe the upper ocean, which can more accurately simulate the changes in the mixed layer and thermocline. It emphasizes the important role of wind stress in driving the changes in the ocean mixed layer, including mixing caused by wind stress, changes in ocean currents, etc. It also considers the impact of sea surface heat flux exchange on the upper ocean temperature, which is particularly critical for simulating the temperature changes in the upper ocean in tropical regions. The vertical mixing and horizontal advection processes in the ocean are considered in a parameterized manner, which have an important influence on the formation and changes of the upper ocean structure.

[0204] It should be noted that, for the method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the present application is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the present application, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions involved are not necessarily required by the present application.

[0205] Reference Figure 4 , shows a structural block diagram of an evaluation device for a meteorological mesoscale model of the present application, the device comprising:

[0206] The first determination module 11 is used to determine the time period of the meteorological data to be simulated in the target area, the grid spacing of the meteorological data to be simulated in the target area, the underlying surface topography of the target area, and the sea area where the target area is located when a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area is needed;

[0207] An acquisition module 12 is used to acquire a plurality of scheme combinations corresponding to a meteorological mesoscale model according to at least one of the time period, the grid spacing, the underlying surface topography, and the sea area;

[0208] Among them, a scheme combination includes: the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the schemes of multiple dimensions; the scheme contents of at least one scheme of the same dimension in any two scheme combinations are different; the schemes of multiple dimensions include at least two of the following: microphysics scheme, longwave radiation scheme, shortwave radiation scheme, planetary boundary layer scheme, cumulus parameterization scheme, turbulent mixing scheme, radiation call frequency scheme, shallow water roughness scheme, land roughness scheme, near-surface layer scheme, land surface process scheme and tropical mixed layer scheme;

[0209] The second determination module 13 is used to determine, for any combination of schemes, the values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model according to the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the combination of schemes; set the multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model according to the determined values ​​of the multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model to obtain a candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes; obtain the wind speed of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes and the wind direction of the target area simulated; obtain the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area; obtain the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes according to the simulated wind speed of the target area, the simulated wind direction of the target area, the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area;

[0210] The third determination module 14 is used to determine the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the lowest error index as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area.

[0211] In an optional implementation, the acquisition module includes:

[0212] A first determining unit is used to determine the solution content of the microphysical solution, the solution content of the longwave radiation solution, the solution content of the shortwave radiation solution and the solution content of the planetary boundary layer solution corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model according to the time period and / or the sea area;

[0213] A second determination unit is used to determine the scheme content of the cumulus parameterization scheme, the scheme content of the turbulence mixing scheme, and the scheme content of the radiation calling frequency scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model according to the grid spacing;

[0214] A third determining unit is used to determine the solution content of the near-surface layer solution, the solution content of the shallow water roughness solution, the solution content of the land roughness solution, and the solution content of the land surface process solution corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model according to the underlying surface topography and / or the sea area;

[0215] The fourth determination unit is used to determine the content of the tropical mixed layer scheme according to the sea area.

[0216] In an optional implementation, the first determining unit includes:

[0217] The first determination subunit is used for, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the time period is the winter half year, determining that the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the single-time 5th-order scheme of the meteorological forecast model WRF model, the long-wave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized long-wave scheme, the short-wave radiation scheme is the Gold short-wave parameterized scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the University of Washington turbulent kinetic energy boundary layer scheme;

[0218] or,

[0219] The second determination subunit is used for, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the time period is the summer half year, determining that the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the Kessler scheme, the longwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized longwave scheme, the shortwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized shortwave scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the University of Washington turbulent kinetic energy boundary layer scheme;

[0220] or,

[0221] The third determination subunit is used to determine that if the sea area is the fourth sea area, the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the single-time 6th-order scheme of the WRF model, the long-wave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized long-wave scheme, the short-wave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized short-wave scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the Yonsei University scheme.

[0222] In an optional implementation, the second determining unit includes:

[0223] A fourth determination subunit is used to determine, when the grid spacing is greater than 10 kilometers, that the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the Kane-Fritch scheme, the turbulent mixing scheme is turned off and not used, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme once every 15 seconds;

[0224] or,

[0225] A fifth determination subunit is used to determine, when the grid spacing is greater than 3 kilometers and less than or equal to 10 kilometers, that the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is a multi-scale Kane-Fritch scheme, the turbulent mixing scheme is a turbulent mixing diffusion scheme guided by slope terrain, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme once every 5 seconds;

[0226] or,

[0227] The sixth determination subunit is used to determine, when the grid spacing is less than or equal to 3 kilometers, that the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is closed and not used, the turbulent mixing scheme is turned on and used, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme once every 2 seconds.

[0228] In an optional implementation, the third determining unit includes:

[0229] The seventh determination subunit is used to determine that if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, when the underlying surface terrain is greater than 70% of the ocean area, the shallow water roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the offshore shallow water roughness scheme with a water depth of less than 100m, the near-surface layer scheme is the fifth-generation mesoscale model revised scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the 5-layer heat diffusion scheme;

[0230] or,

[0231] an eighth determination subunit, for determining, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, that the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model when the underlying surface terrain is the ocean area accounting for 50%;

[0232] or,

[0233] a ninth determination subunit, for determining, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, that the land roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is to be turned on, the near-surface layer scheme is the Merlot-Yamada-Nakanishi-Nino scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model when the underlying surface terrain is less than 30% of the ocean area;

[0234] or,

[0235] The tenth determination subunit is used to determine that if the sea area is the fourth sea area, the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model.

[0236] In an optional implementation, the fourth determining unit includes:

[0237] The eleventh determination subunit is used to determine that the solution content of the tropical mixed layer solution is a one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model when the sea area is the third sea area.

[0238] In an optional implementation, the fourth determining unit includes:

[0239] The twelfth determination subunit is used to determine that the solution content of the tropical mixed layer solution is a multi-layer ocean model when the sea area is the fourth sea area.

[0240] Through this application, by performing differentiated settings of the scheme contents of the schemes of multiple dimensions on the general meteorological mesoscale model, it is realized that the numerical values ​​of the parameters of the general meteorological mesoscale model are differentiated, and multiple candidate meteorological mesoscale models with different numerical values ​​of the parameters are obtained, and then each candidate meteorological mesoscale model is tested, and the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the smallest error between the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area is selected, and used as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area. Among them, the meteorological situation of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the smallest error between the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area is closer to the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area, and the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the parameter combination has better performance for the target area. In this way, through this application, a meteorological mesoscale model that is closer to the actual situation of the meteorology of the target area can be obtained, which is convenient for subsequent simulation of the meteorology of the target area.

[0241] As for the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0242] Optionally, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the various processes of the above-mentioned method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0243] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, each process of the above method embodiment is implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it is not repeated here. The computer-readable storage medium is, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0244] Figure 5 800 is a block diagram of an electronic device 800 shown in the present application. For example, the electronic device 800 may be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a messaging device, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, a fitness device, a personal digital assistant, etc.

[0245] Reference Figure 5, the electronic device 800 may include one or more of the following components: a processing component 802 , a memory 804 , a power component 806 , a multimedia component 808 , an audio component 810 , an input / output (I / O) interface 812 , a sensor component 814 , and a communication component 816 .

[0246] The processing component 802 generally controls the overall operation of the electronic device 800, such as operations associated with display, phone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. The processing component 802 may include one or more processors 820 to execute instructions to complete all or part of the steps of the above method. In addition, the processing component 802 may include one or more modules to facilitate the interaction between the processing component 802 and other components. For example, the processing component 802 may include a multimedia module to facilitate the interaction between the multimedia component 808 and the processing component 802.

[0247] The memory 804 is configured to store data of various dimensions to support operations on the electronic device 800. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on the electronic device 800, contact data, phone book data, messages, images, videos, etc. The memory 804 may be implemented by volatile or non-volatile storage devices of any dimensions or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0248] The power supply component 806 provides power to the various components of the electronic device 800. The power supply component 806 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to the electronic device 800.

[0249] The multimedia component 808 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the electronic device 800 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundaries of the touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation. In some embodiments, the multimedia component 808 includes a front camera and / or a rear camera. When the electronic device 800 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front camera and / or the rear camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front camera and rear camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have a focal length and optical zoom capability.

[0250] The audio component 810 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component 810 includes a microphone (MIC), and when the electronic device 800 is in an operating mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode, the microphone is configured to receive an external audio signal. The received audio signal can be further stored in the memory 804 or sent via the communication component 816. In some embodiments, the audio component 810 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0251] I / O interface 812 provides an interface between processing component 802 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include but are not limited to: home button, volume button, start button, and lock button.

[0252] The sensor assembly 814 includes one or more sensors for providing various aspects of status assessment for the electronic device 800. For example, the sensor assembly 814 can detect the open / closed state of the electronic device 800, the relative positioning of the components, such as the display and keypad of the electronic device 800, and the sensor assembly 814 can also detect the position change of the electronic device 800 or a component of the electronic device 800, the presence or absence of contact between the user and the electronic device 800, the orientation or acceleration / deceleration of the electronic device 800, and the temperature change of the electronic device 800. The sensor assembly 814 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a nearby object without any physical contact. The sensor assembly 814 may also include an optical sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 814 may also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.

[0253] The communication component 816 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between the electronic device 800 and other devices. The electronic device 800 can access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, a carrier network (such as 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G), or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 816 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast operation information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 816 also includes a near field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module can be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology and other technologies.

[0254] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device 800 may be implemented by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the above methods.

[0255] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 804 including instructions, and the instructions can be executed by a processor 820 of an electronic device 800 to perform the above method. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can be a ROM, a random access memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, etc.

[0256] Figure 6 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device 1900 shown in the present application. For example, the electronic device 1900 may be provided as a server.

[0257] Reference Figure 6 , the electronic device 1900 includes a processing component 1922, which further includes one or more processors, and a memory resource represented by a memory 1932 for storing instructions executable by the processing component 1922, such as an application. The application stored in the memory 1932 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. In addition, the processing component 1922 is configured to execute instructions to perform the above method.

[0258] The electronic device 1900 may also include a power supply component 1926 configured to perform power management of the electronic device 1900, a wired or wireless network interface 1950 configured to connect the electronic device 1900 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface 1958. The electronic device 1900 may operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 1932, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, FreeBSD™ or the like.

[0259] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0260] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0261] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present application.

[0262] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in the present application can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0263] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0264] In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0265] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0266] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0267] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0268] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating a meteorological mesoscale model, characterized in that: The method comprises: When it is necessary to obtain a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area, determine the time period of the meteorological data to be simulated in the target area, the grid spacing of the meteorological data to be simulated in the target area, the underlying surface topography of the target area, and the sea area where the target area is located; Acquire a plurality of scheme combinations corresponding to a meteorological mesoscale model according to at least one of the time period, the grid spacing, the underlying surface topography, and the sea area; Among them, a scheme combination includes: the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the schemes of multiple dimensions; the scheme contents of at least one scheme of the same dimension in any two scheme combinations are different; the schemes of multiple dimensions include at least two of the following: microphysics scheme, longwave radiation scheme, shortwave radiation scheme, planetary boundary layer scheme, cumulus parameterization scheme, turbulent mixing scheme, radiation call frequency scheme, shallow water roughness scheme, land roughness scheme, near-surface layer scheme, land surface process scheme and tropical mixed layer scheme; For any scheme combination, according to the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the scheme combination, the values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model are determined; according to the determined values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model, the multiple types of parameters in the general meteorological mesoscale model are set to obtain a candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination; the wind speed of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination and the wind direction of the target area are obtained; the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area are obtained; according to the simulated wind speed of the target area, the simulated wind direction of the target area, the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area, the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the scheme combination is obtained; The candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the lowest error index is determined as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area; The obtaining, according to at least one of the time period, the grid spacing, the underlying surface topography, and the sea area, a plurality of scheme combinations corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model comprises: Determine, according to the time period and / or the sea area, the program content of the microphysical program, the program content of the longwave radiation program, the program content of the shortwave radiation program, and the program content of the planetary boundary layer program corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model; According to the grid spacing, determining the scheme content of the cumulus parameterization scheme, the scheme content of the turbulence mixing scheme, and the scheme content of the radiation calling frequency scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model; Determine, according to the underlying surface topography and / or the sea area, the solution content of the near-surface layer solution, the solution content of the shallow water roughness solution, the solution content of the land roughness solution, and the solution content of the land surface process solution corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model; The content of the tropical mixed layer scheme is determined based on the sea area in question.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The scheme contents of the microphysical scheme, the longwave radiation scheme, the shortwave radiation scheme and the planetary boundary layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model are determined according to the time period and / or the sea area, including: If the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the time period is the winter half year, the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the single-time 5th-order scheme of the meteorological forecast model WRF model, the long-wave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized long-wave scheme, the short-wave radiation scheme is the Gold short-wave parameterized scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the University of Washington turbulent kinetic energy boundary layer scheme; or, If the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the time period is the summer half year, the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the Kessler scheme, the longwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized longwave scheme, the shortwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized shortwave scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the University of Washington turbulent kinetic energy boundary layer scheme; or, If the sea area is the fourth sea area, the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the single-time 6th-order scheme of the WRF model, the longwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized longwave scheme, the shortwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized shortwave scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the Yonsei University scheme.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the scheme contents of the cumulus parameterization scheme, the scheme contents of the turbulence mixing scheme, and the scheme contents of the radiation calling frequency scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model according to the grid spacing includes: When the grid spacing is greater than 10 kilometers, the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the Kane-Fritch scheme, the turbulent mixing scheme is turned off and not used, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme every 15 seconds; or, When the grid spacing is greater than 3 km and less than or equal to 10 km, the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the multi-scale Kane-Fritch scheme, the turbulent mixing scheme is the turbulent mixing diffusion scheme guided by the slope terrain, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme every 5 seconds; or, When the grid spacing is less than or equal to 3 kilometers, the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be closed and not used, the turbulent mixing scheme is turned on and used, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme every 2 seconds.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the scheme contents of the near-surface layer scheme, the shallow water roughness scheme, the land roughness scheme, and the land surface process scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model according to the underlying surface topography and / or the sea area includes: If the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the underlying surface terrain is greater than 70% of the ocean area, the shallow water roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is determined to be the offshore shallow water roughness scheme with a water depth of less than 100m, the near-surface layer scheme is the fifth-generation mesoscale model revised scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the 5-layer heat diffusion scheme; or, If the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the underlying surface terrain is the ocean area accounting for 50%, it is determined that the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model; or, If the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the underlying surface terrain is less than 30% of the ocean area, it is determined that the land roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is turned on, the near-surface layer scheme is the Merlot-Yamada-Nakanishi-Nino scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model; or, If the sea area is the fourth sea area, it is determined that the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content of the scheme for determining the tropical mixed layer scheme according to the sea area includes: When the sea area is the third sea area, the solution content of determining the tropical mixed layer solution is a one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The content of the scheme for determining the tropical mixed layer scheme according to the sea area includes: When the sea area is the fourth sea area, the solution content of determining the tropical mixed layer solution is a multi-layer ocean model.

7. An evaluation device for a meteorological mesoscale model, characterized in that: The device comprises: A first determination module is used to determine the time period of meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the grid spacing of meteorological data that needs to be simulated in the target area, the underlying surface topography of the target area, and the sea area where the target area is located when a meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area is needed; An acquisition module, used for acquiring a plurality of scheme combinations corresponding to a meteorological mesoscale model according to at least one of the time period, the grid spacing, the underlying surface topography and the sea area; Among them, a scheme combination includes: the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the schemes of multiple dimensions; the scheme contents of at least one scheme of the same dimension in any two scheme combinations are different; the schemes of multiple dimensions include at least two of the following: microphysics scheme, longwave radiation scheme, shortwave radiation scheme, planetary boundary layer scheme, cumulus parameterization scheme, turbulent mixing scheme, radiation call frequency scheme, shallow water roughness scheme, land roughness scheme, near-surface layer scheme, land surface process scheme and tropical mixed layer scheme; The second determination module is used to determine, for any combination of schemes, the values ​​of multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model according to the scheme contents of the schemes of each dimension in the combination of schemes; set the multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model according to the determined values ​​of the multiple types of parameters in the universal meteorological mesoscale model to obtain a candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes; obtain the wind speed of the target area simulated by the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes and the wind direction of the target area simulated; obtain the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area; obtain the error index of the candidate meteorological mesoscale model corresponding to the combination of schemes according to the simulated wind speed of the target area, the simulated wind direction of the target area, the actual wind speed of the target area and the actual wind direction of the target area; A third determination module is used to determine the candidate meteorological mesoscale model with the lowest error index as the meteorological mesoscale model suitable for the target area; The acquisition module comprises: A first determining unit is used to determine the solution content of the microphysical solution, the solution content of the longwave radiation solution, the solution content of the shortwave radiation solution and the solution content of the planetary boundary layer solution corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model according to the time period and / or the sea area; A second determination unit is used to determine the scheme content of the cumulus parameterization scheme, the scheme content of the turbulence mixing scheme, and the scheme content of the radiation calling frequency scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model according to the grid spacing; A third determining unit is used to determine the solution content of the near-surface layer solution, the solution content of the shallow water roughness solution, the solution content of the land roughness solution, and the solution content of the land surface process solution corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model according to the underlying surface topography and / or the sea area; The fourth determination unit is used to determine the content of the tropical mixed layer scheme according to the sea area.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The first determining unit includes: The first determination subunit is used for, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the time period is the winter half year, determining that the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the single-time 5th-order scheme of the meteorological forecast model WRF model, the long-wave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized long-wave scheme, the short-wave radiation scheme is the Gold short-wave parameterized scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the University of Washington turbulent kinetic energy boundary layer scheme; or, The second determination subunit is used for, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, then when the time period is the summer half year, determining that the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the Kessler scheme, the longwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized longwave scheme, the shortwave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized shortwave scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the University of Washington turbulent kinetic energy boundary layer scheme; or, The third determination subunit is used to determine that if the sea area is the fourth sea area, the microphysical scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the single-time 6th-order scheme of the WRF model, the long-wave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized long-wave scheme, the short-wave radiation scheme is the radiation parameterized short-wave scheme, and the planetary boundary layer scheme is the Yonsei University scheme.

9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The second determining unit includes: A fourth determination subunit is used to determine, when the grid spacing is greater than 10 kilometers, that the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the Kane-Fritch scheme, the turbulent mixing scheme is turned off and not used, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme once every 15 seconds; or, A fifth determination subunit is used to determine, when the grid spacing is greater than 3 kilometers and less than or equal to 10 kilometers, that the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is a multi-scale Kane-Fritch scheme, the turbulent mixing scheme is a turbulent mixing diffusion scheme guided by slope terrain, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme once every 5 seconds; or, The sixth determination subunit is used to determine, when the grid spacing is less than or equal to 3 kilometers, that the cumulus parameterization scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is closed and not used, the turbulent mixing scheme is turned on and used, and the radiation calling frequency scheme is to call the radiation scheme once every 2 seconds.

10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The third determining unit includes: The seventh determination subunit is used to determine that if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, when the underlying surface terrain is greater than 70% of the ocean area, the shallow water roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the offshore shallow water roughness scheme with a water depth of less than 100m, the near-surface layer scheme is the fifth-generation mesoscale model revised scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the 5-layer heat diffusion scheme; or, an eighth determination subunit, for determining, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, that the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model when the underlying surface terrain is the ocean area accounting for 50%; or, a ninth determination subunit, for determining, if the sea area is the first sea area, the second sea area or the third sea area, that the land roughness scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is to be turned on, the near-surface layer scheme is the Merlot-Yamada-Nakanishi-Nino scheme, and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model when the underlying surface terrain is less than 30% of the ocean area; or, The tenth determination subunit is used to determine that if the sea area is the fourth sea area, the near-surface layer scheme corresponding to the meteorological mesoscale model is the fifth-generation mesoscale model similarity scheme and the land surface process scheme is the unified Noah land surface model.

11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The fourth determining unit includes: The eleventh determination subunit is used to determine that the solution content of the tropical mixed layer solution is a one-dimensional simple ocean mixed layer model when the sea area is the third sea area.

12. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The fourth determining unit includes: The twelfth determination subunit is used to determine that the solution content of the tropical mixed layer solution is a multi-layer ocean model when the sea area is the fourth sea area.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executed by the processor.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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