A titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of titanium and titanium alloy welding, and provides a titanium alloy annular seam efficient large-deposition vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method, by innovatively designing an asymmetric inclined groove combined with an asymmetric arc swing and an asymmetric vibration wire feeding technology, by designing an asymmetric inclined groove between the upper and lower parts of the groove, the influence of gravity on the welding molten pool is effectively reduced; the asymmetric arc swing technology is adopted to extend the residence time of the tungsten electrode at the upper part of the groove to preheat the side wall, while shortening the residence time at the lower part, reducing heat input, and preventing the molten pool metal from dripping down; combined with the introduction of asymmetric vibration wire feeding technology, according to the different positions of the tungsten electrode at the upper and lower parts of the groove, the vibration mode of the welding wire is dynamically adjusted, the surface tension of the deposited metal is improved, the uniform spreading of the large deposited metal in the groove is promoted, and the flow of the molten pool is disturbed by vibration, the accumulation of the deposited metal at the lower part of the groove is effectively prevented, and the heat distribution and the molten pool behavior during welding are optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of titanium and titanium alloy welding, and in particular to a titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method. Background Art

[0002] Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace, marine engineering, chemical industry and other fields due to their light weight, high strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Especially in the field of marine engineering, such as the manufacture of frames, shells, water tanks and manned spherical shells, the demand for thick-walled titanium alloy structures is increasing, and the material thickness often exceeds 30mm, even reaching 100mm, which puts higher requirements on the welding process of titanium alloys.

[0003] The existing titanium alloy thick plate welding technologies mainly include TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding and vacuum electron beam welding. TIG welding is widely used because of its easy operation and relatively simple equipment. However, in thick plate welding, TIG welding has a large welding groove angle and a large root gap size, resulting in low welding efficiency, large welding deformation and residual stress, easy coarsening of the grains in the welded joint, and defects such as tungsten inclusions in the weld. In addition, for the horizontal welding position of the thick-walled cylinder girth weld, the TIG welding deposition efficiency is particularly low, and welding defects such as lack of fusion and pores are very likely to occur.

[0004] Vacuum electron beam welding, as another high-efficiency welding technology, has the advantages of high energy density, strong penetration ability and high efficiency. However, it has strict restrictions on the size specifications of welded components, and the equipment is expensive, the operation is complicated, and there are radiation safety risks, which limit its application in large-scale industrial production.

[0005] Although the traditional narrow gap TIG welding technology has solved the quality problem of thick plate welding to a certain extent, its welding efficiency still needs to be improved, especially in large deposit welding, which is prone to defects such as lack of fusion and pores due to uneven heat distribution. The applicant's previously published patent application with patent number CN116174858A discloses a narrow gap welding method for titanium alloy thick plates, which is welded by K-TIG base welding and K-TIG wire filling welding and cap welding. However, in actual operation, for the horizontal welding position of the thick-walled cylinder ring weld, due to the influence of gravity during welding, the molten pool is prone to flow down, further exacerbating the problems of lack of fusion and weld accumulation.

[0006] On the other hand, with the development of welding automation and intelligence, welding gun swing devices are gradually being used in the field of welding. The Chinese patent with publication number CN104128697B discloses a thick plate titanium alloy narrow gap swing welding device, which realizes automatic adjustment of the welding gun during the welding process through mechanical swing to improve welding quality and welding efficiency. However, the existing welding gun swing devices are mostly used in flat plate welding, and are relatively rarely used in girth welds, especially in horizontal welding positions, and most of them rely on the welder's operating skills and experience, making it difficult to achieve stable automated welding.

[0007] In summary, the existing titanium alloy thick plate welding technology still has many shortcomings in welding efficiency, welding quality and degree of automation. Especially in the welding of thick titanium alloy circumferential seams, it is urgent to develop an efficient, high-quality and automated welding method to meet the needs of thick-walled titanium alloy structures in fields such as marine engineering. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of this, the present invention proposes a titanium alloy circumferential seam high-efficiency large deposition vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method, aiming to solve the technical problems existing in the high-efficiency large deposition narrow gap welding of thick titanium alloy circumferential seams, especially the problems of low welding efficiency and easy generation of defects such as unfusion and pores in the transverse welding of thick-walled cylinder circumferential seams with traditional narrow gap TIG welding technology.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0010] A titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1: groove design, the upper and lower grooves of the titanium alloy thick-walled cylinder are set to be asymmetrical, and the grooves are set in an inclined shape;

[0012] S2: Welding process design, during welding, the groove with the blunt edge tilted upward is the front side of the weld, and the groove with the blunt edge tilted downward is the back side of the weld, a welding tungsten electrode is arranged in the groove on the front side of the weld, and the welding tungsten electrode adopts asymmetric arc swing during welding, the residence time of the welding tungsten electrode near the upper part of the groove is greater than the residence time near the lower part of the groove, and / or, when the welding tungsten electrode swings to the upper root of the groove, the upward swing angle is α, and when the welding tungsten electrode swings to the lower root of the groove, the downward swing angle is β, and α≥β.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, it also includes asymmetric vibration wire feeding, in which the welding wire is fed into the molten pool through an asymmetric vibration wire feeding device. When the welding wire swings to the upper part of the groove with the welding tungsten electrode, the wire feeding is vertical vibration. When the welding wire swings to the lower part of the groove with the welding tungsten electrode, the wire feeding is horizontal vibration.

[0014] Furthermore, the center line of the groove is used as the critical position for switching between vertical vibration wire feeding and horizontal vibration wire feeding of the welding tungsten electrode.

[0015] Furthermore, during vertical vibration wire feeding, the vibration amplitude is 1-5 mm and the frequency is 5-20 Hz; during horizontal vibration wire feeding, the vibration amplitude is 10-30 mm and the frequency is 5-10 Hz.

[0016] Furthermore, the value range of α is 5°~10°, and the value range of β is 0°~10°.

[0017] Furthermore, the residence time of the welding tungsten electrode near the upper part of the groove is t1, and the value range of t1 is 2-10 seconds. The residence time of the welding tungsten electrode near the lower part of the groove is t2, and the value range of t2 is 0-5 seconds.

[0018] Furthermore, the slope of the groove is in the range of 10° to 30°, and the slope of the groove is the angle between the inclination center line of the blunt edge and the horizontal line.

[0019] Furthermore, the blunt edge of the groove is located at the thickness center of the plate, and the grooves on both sides of the blunt edge are symmetrically arranged along the blunt edge.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, the welding process has a welding current of 220-300A, a welding voltage of 15-18V, a wire feeding speed of 1500-3000mm / min, and the front and back sides of the weld need to be protected by inert gas during the welding process.

[0021] Furthermore, during welding, a protection device is arranged inside the groove side with the blunt edge facing downward, and the protection device can provide inert gas protection to the front and back sides of the weld, and provide cooling protection to the back side during welding.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method described in the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] (1) The titanium alloy annular seam efficient large deposition vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method described in the present invention adopts an inclined groove with an asymmetrical design of the upper and lower parts of the groove, which effectively reduces the influence of gravity on the welding molten pool, improves the deposition efficiency, and avoids welding defects such as incomplete filling and incomplete fusion caused by gravity in the traditional symmetrical welding groove. Combined with the technical concept of asymmetric arc swing and asymmetric vibration wire feeding, the deposition efficiency of thick-walled titanium alloy annular seam narrow gap welding is significantly improved, and the existing single-pass filling is increased from 1.5mm to more than 4mm, the deposition efficiency is increased by more than 1 times, and the generation of welding defects such as welding incomplete fusion and pores is avoided, thereby achieving efficient and high-quality welding.

[0024] (2) The titanium alloy annular seam efficient large deposition vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method described in the present invention has the joint flaw detection after welding meet the requirements of relevant standards, the tensile strength of the weld joint reaches equal strength matching, and the impact performance of the weld is equivalent to that of the parent material. It is expected to be widely used in the transverse welding of thick-walled titanium alloy structures in marine engineering, laying a solid foundation for the widespread application of titanium alloy structural parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric vibration wire feeding structure in the titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Description of reference numerals:

[0029] Upper part of groove 1, lower part of groove 2, tungsten electrode swing angle 3, groove inclination 4, protection device 5, water cooling channel 6, inert gas protection channel 7, front side of weld 8, back side of weld 9, welding tungsten electrode 10, welding wire 11, vibration direction of welding wire at upper part of groove 12, vibration direction of welding wire at lower part of groove 13, blunt edge 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the technical means, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific drawings.

[0031] It should be noted that all the terms used in the present invention for directional and positional indications, such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "top", "lower", "lateral", "longitudinal", "center", etc., are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and connection status between the components in a certain state (as shown in the accompanying drawings), and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than requiring the present invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0034] Due to the traditional narrow gap TIG welding technology, although the welding quality is stable, the welding efficiency is low, and large deposit welding is prone to defects such as incomplete fusion and porosity. Especially for the transverse welding of the thick-walled cylinder girth weld, the traditional narrow gap welding efficiency is even lower and it is very easy to produce welding defects. It is urgent to develop efficient large deposit narrow gap welding technology to improve the welding efficiency of thick-walled titanium alloys, especially the transverse welding efficiency and quality.

[0035] In view of the demand for high-efficiency, large-deposition, narrow-gap welding of thick titanium alloy annular seams, the present application proposes a high-efficiency, large-deposition, vibration wire feeding, narrow-gap welding method for titanium alloy annular seams, comprising the following steps:

[0036] S1: groove design, the groove upper part 1 and the groove lower part 2 are set on the titanium alloy thick wall cylinder to form an asymmetrical groove, and the groove is set in an inclined shape;

[0037] S2: Welding process design. During welding, the groove where the blunt edge 14 is inclined upward is the front side of the weld 8, and the groove where the blunt edge 14 is inclined downward is the back side of the weld 9. A welding tungsten electrode 10 is arranged in the groove of the front side of the weld 8. The welding tungsten electrode 10 adopts asymmetric arc swing during welding. The residence time of the welding tungsten electrode 10 near the upper part 1 of the groove is greater than the residence time near the lower part 2 of the groove, and / or, when the welding tungsten electrode 10 swings to the root of the upper part 1 of the groove, the upward swing angle is α, and when the welding tungsten electrode 10 swings to the root of the lower part 2 of the groove, the downward swing angle is β, and α≥β.

[0038] In order to solve the problem that welding defects such as lack of fusion and porosity are easily generated during narrow gap and large deposition welding of thick titanium alloy annular seams, the applicant innovatively proposed a titanium alloy high-efficiency large deposition and high-toughness narrow gap welding method, which includes welding groove design and welding process design. Among them, in order to effectively avoid the situation in which the welding molten pool in the traditional symmetrical welding groove is affected by gravity during the welding process, causing it to flow downward and form welding defects such as incomplete filling and incomplete fusion, the applicant creatively proposed to adopt an inclined groove with an asymmetrical design between the upper part 1 of the groove and the lower part 2 of the groove, which can effectively reduce the influence of gravity on the welding molten pool and improve the welding efficiency. On this basis, in order to reduce the welding molten pool from flowing downward under the action of gravity and causing welding defects such as incomplete fusion and incomplete filling in the upper part, the applicant adopts an asymmetric arc swing welding process design, so that the residence time of the welding tungsten electrode 10 in the upper part 1 of the groove is increased, thereby achieving effective preheating of the side wall of the upper groove, and the large welded filler metal can be better combined with the side wall to avoid welding defects caused by insufficient wetting. At the same time, the residence time of the welding tungsten electrode 10 in the lower part 2 of the groove is shortened, thereby reducing the welding heat input in the lower part of the welding groove, avoiding the lower metal solution from flowing downward and causing the entire molten pool to flow downward, thereby effectively improving the welding welding efficiency.

[0039] The titanium alloy annular seam efficient large deposition vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method described in the present application effectively reduces the influence of gravity on the welding molten pool by adopting an asymmetric inclined groove design and an asymmetric arc swing welding process, enhances the bonding strength between the filler metal and the side wall, makes the welding process more stable, and can significantly and effectively improve the deposition efficiency and reduce welding defects, thereby achieving efficient and high-quality welding.

[0040] As a preferred example of the present application, in step S2, it also includes asymmetric vibration wire feeding, the welding wire 11 is fed into the molten pool through an asymmetric vibration wire feeding device, when the welding wire 11 swings to the upper part 1 of the groove with the welding tungsten electrode 10, the wire feeding is vertical vibration, and when the welding wire swings to the lower part 2 of the groove with the welding tungsten electrode 10, the wire feeding is horizontal vibration. In the example of the present application, Figure 2 As shown, the center line of the groove is the critical position of the welding tungsten electrode 10. When the welding tungsten electrode 10 swings downward along the center line of the groove close to the lower part 2 of the groove, the wire feeding method of the welding tungsten electrode 10 is vertical vibration wire feeding, that is, Figure 2 As shown in the lower groove welding wire vibration direction 13, when the welding tungsten electrode 10 swings upward along the groove center line close to the upper groove 1, the wire feeding method of the welding tungsten electrode 10 is horizontal vibration wire feeding, that is, Figure 2 The vibration direction of the welding wire in the upper part of the groove is shown in 12.

[0041] This arrangement introduces asymmetric vibration wire feeding technology during welding process design, so that the welding wire 11 adopts different modes of vibration wire feeding as the welding tungsten electrode 10 asymmetricly swings. When the tungsten electrode swings to the upper part of the groove, the welding wire is fed into the molten pool in a vertical vibration mode with a smaller vibration amplitude and a higher frequency. When the tungsten electrode swings to the lower part of the groove, the welding wire switches to a horizontal vibration mode with an increased vibration amplitude and a reduced frequency, thereby improving the surface tension of the deposited metal and promoting the uniform spreading of the large deposited metal in the groove. It also interferes with the flow of the molten pool by vibration, effectively preventing the deposited metal from accumulating in the lower part of the groove due to gravity, thereby improving welding quality and efficiency.

[0042] As a preferred example of the present application, during vertical vibration wire feeding, the vibration amplitude is 1-5 mm and the frequency is 5-20 Hz; during horizontal vibration wire feeding, the vibration amplitude is 10-30 mm and the frequency is 5-10 Hz.

[0043] This setting further optimizes the position of the welding tungsten electrode 10 in the groove during asymmetric vibration wire feeding, and dynamically adjusts the vibration mode of the welding wire. When the welding tungsten electrode 10 is at the upper part 1 of the groove, the welding wire is fed by vertical vibration, the vibration amplitude is controlled between 1-5mm, and the frequency is within the range of 5-20Hz to achieve precise wire feeding. When the tungsten electrode moves to the lower part of the groove, it switches to the horizontal vibration wire feeding mode, the vibration amplitude is increased to 10-30mm, and the frequency is adjusted to 5-10Hz to ensure that the welding wire can be evenly spread at the bottom of the groove. By accurately controlling the vibration mode of the welding wire in the upper and lower parts of the groove, the accumulation of the deposited metal in the lower part of the groove is effectively avoided, and the uniform distribution of the deposited metal in the groove is promoted, which significantly increases the welding deposition amount, optimizes the heat distribution during welding, reduces the occurrence of welding defects (such as lack of fusion and pores, etc.), and ensures the quality and reliability of the welded joint.

[0044] As a preferred example of the present application, the value range of α is 5°~10°, and the value range of β is 0°~10°. Figure 1 The tungsten electrode swing angle 3 shown in the figure is the upward swing angle α when the welding tungsten electrode 10 swings to the root of the upper part 1 of the groove. This setting optimizes the heat distribution during welding by accurately controlling the swing angle of the welding tungsten electrode 10 at the upper and lower parts of the groove, improves the quality and reliability of the welded joint, makes the weld appearance smoother and more beautiful, and reduces the difficulty of operation and rework rate during welding, improves welding efficiency, and reduces energy consumption and production costs.

[0045] As a preferred example of the present application, the residence time of the welding tungsten electrode 10 near the upper part 1 of the groove is t1, and the value range of t1 is 2-10 seconds, preferably 2-5 seconds. The residence time of the welding tungsten electrode 10 near the lower part 2 of the groove is t2, and the value range of t2 is 0-5 seconds. This setting ensures that the side wall of the upper groove is fully preheated and fused by accurately controlling the residence time of the welding tungsten electrode 10 near the upper part and the lower part of the groove during the welding process, effectively avoiding the unfused defects, and reducing the heat input of the lower welding area, preventing the molten pool metal from flowing down due to gravity, causing the quality of the lower weld to decrease. By adopting the above-mentioned asymmetric residence time setting, it is helpful to balance the heat distribution during the welding process and improve the overall quality of the weld, so as to achieve the goal of ensuring the welding quality while also taking into account the improvement of production efficiency.

[0046] As a preferred example of the present application, the slope 4 of the groove is in the range of 10° to 30°. In the example of the present application, the slope 4 of the groove is the angle between the obtuse edge 14 inclined center line and the horizontal line, such as Figure 1 The groove slope 4 shown in the figure sets the groove slope 4 between 10° and 30°, which not only effectively reduces the negative impact of gravity on the welding molten pool, but also promotes the uniform distribution of the deposited metal in the groove, which helps to reduce welding defects such as lack of fusion, slag inclusions and pores, thereby improving the strength and reliability of the welded joint. In addition, the optimized groove design also makes the welding process smoother, reduces the difficulty of operation, and improves the welding efficiency.

[0047] As a preferred example of the present application, the blunt edge 14 of the groove is located at the center of the thickness of the plate, and the grooves on both sides of the blunt edge 14 are symmetrically arranged along the blunt edge 14. In the example of the present application, by processing and designing asymmetric grooves on both sides of the cylinder, the blunt edge 14 is arranged at the center of the thickness of the plate, the thickness of the blunt edge 14 is T, the length of the blunt edge 14 is L, T≤L≤5T, 1.2mm≤T, and the grooves on both sides of the blunt edge 14 are symmetrically arranged about the blunt edge 14, so that the deposition efficiency can be greatly improved by setting up double-gun symmetrical welding, which is 1 times higher than the single-gun welding efficiency.

[0048] This setting further optimizes the design of the asymmetric groove. By accurately placing the blunt edge 14 at the center of the plate thickness, setting a reasonable thickness and length of the blunt edge 14, and a groove design that is symmetrical on both sides, it not only enhances the overall strength and stability of the welded joint, but also effectively solves the problems of uneven deposition and multiple welding defects that may exist in traditional welding methods. At the same time, double guns or multiple guns can be used for multi-station simultaneous welding or multi-station simultaneous symmetrical welding. The welding heat and deposited metal on both sides can be more evenly distributed around the groove, thereby greatly improving the overall welding efficiency and achieving efficient coordination of the welding process.

[0049] As a preferred example of the present application, in step S2, the welding process has a welding current of 220-300A, a welding voltage of 15-18V, a wire feeding speed of 1500-3000mm / min, and the front and back sides of the weld need to be protected by inert gas during the welding process. This setting further precisely controls the welding parameters in the titanium alloy welding process, aiming to optimize the heat input and metal deposition rate during the welding process, ensure that sufficient penetration depth and width can be obtained during titanium alloy welding, and control the heat-affected zone during the welding process, ensure the stable combustion of the arc, make the welding process smoother, reduce the generation of defects such as spatter and pores, improve the welding deposition efficiency and the uniformity of weld formation, and thus achieve a win-win situation of welding quality and efficiency.

[0050] As a preferred example of the present application, during welding, a protective device 5 is arranged inside the groove side with the blunt edge 14 facing downward, and the protective device 5 can provide inert gas protection to the front and back sides of the weld, and provide cooling protection to the back side during welding. As a specific example of the present application, the protective device 5 is an integrated device for inert gas protection and water cooling, including an inert gas protection channel 7 and a water cooling channel 6. This arrangement is provided with a protective device 5 with integrated inert gas protection and water cooling functions inside the groove side with the blunt edge 14 facing downward, so that the front and back sides of the weld can be continuously protected by inert gas during welding to prevent oxidation and contamination, thereby ensuring the purity and strength of the weld. At the same time, the back side of the weld is cooled in real time through the water cooling channel, effectively reducing the high temperature residence time of the welding area, controlling the grain growth of the welding molten pool, promoting the stable progress of the welding process, and reducing the occurrence of welding defects, thereby improving the welding efficiency while ensuring the welding quality.

[0051] Aiming at the demand for efficient, large-deposition, narrow-gap welding of thick (20mm~100mm) titanium alloy circumferential seams, the present invention proposes an innovative, efficient, large-deposition, narrow-gap welding method for titanium alloy circumferential seams with vibration wire feeding. This technology can effectively increase the welding deposition amount at the horizontal welding position of the cylinder weld, increasing the existing single-pass filling of 1.5mm to more than 4mm, and the deposition efficiency is increased by more than 1 times, greatly improving the welding efficiency. At the same time, through asymmetric arc swing and vibration wire feeding technology, the occurrence of welding defects such as incomplete fusion and porosity can be effectively avoided, thereby achieving efficient and high-quality welding.

[0052] The titanium alloy annular seam efficient large deposition vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method described in the present invention solves the problems of low welding efficiency of traditional narrow gap in the horizontal welding position, and welding defects such as unfusion and pores are easily generated in large deposition welding, and the single-pass welding deposition thickness reaches more than 4 mm. The post-weld joint flaw detection meets the NB / T47013 standard Level I qualification requirements. At the same time, the tensile strength of the welded joint reaches equal strength matching, and the impact of the weld is equivalent to that of the parent material, which greatly improves the welding efficiency and welding quality of the horizontal welding position of thick-walled titanium alloy structures, and is expected to be widely used in the horizontal welding of thick-walled titanium alloy structures in marine engineering.

[0053] By adopting the titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-deposition vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method described in the present invention to weld titanium alloy thick-walled cylinders, not only the mechanical properties of the welded joints are guaranteed, but also the welding efficiency is greatly improved, the production cycle is shortened, and the cost is reduced, laying a solid foundation for the widespread application of titanium alloy structural parts.

[0054] Example

[0055] For the butt weld of 40mm thick TC4 titanium alloy cylinder, this patent is used for welding. The specific process is as follows:

[0056] 1. Welding groove design

[0057] Asymmetric grooves are designed and processed on both sides of the cylinder, and the groove inclination angle is 10°. The blunt edge 14 is located at the center of the plate thickness. The thickness of the blunt edge 14 is 2mm and the length is 5mm. The grooves on both sides of the blunt edge 14 are symmetrical about the blunt edge 14, and double-gun symmetrical welding is set. When welding the outer groove of the blunt edge 14, the two welding guns are symmetrically welded to the outer groove of the blunt edge 14. When the inner groove of the blunt edge 14 needs to be welded, the workpiece needs to be rotated 180°, and the welded groove is arranged in an inclined upward layout from the side close to the blunt edge 14 to the edge away from the blunt edge 14. This setting ensures reliable welding and can greatly improve the deposition efficiency, which is 1 times higher than the single-gun welding efficiency.

[0058] 2. Welding process design

[0059] (1) Asymmetric arc swing

[0060] The tungsten electrode swing angle is set during welding. In order to reduce the welding defects such as unfused and unfilled upper parts caused by the downward flow of the welding molten pool under the action of gravity, an asymmetric arc swing is used to increase the residence time of the tungsten electrode at the upper part of the groove, so as to effectively preheat the side wall of the upper groove. The swing angle is 10 degrees upward from the upper root of the groove. At the same time, in order to reduce the welding heat input at the lower part of the welding groove and avoid the lower metal solution flowing downward, causing the entire molten pool to flow downward and insufficient root preheating to cause unfused defects, the tungsten electrode swings from the lower part of the groove to the lower root of the groove. The swing to the upper groove stays for 5 seconds, and the swing to the lower groove stays for 2 seconds.

[0061] (2) Asymmetric vibration wire feeding

[0062] The welding wire is fed into the molten pool through asymmetric vibration wire feeding technology. The welding wire swings to the upper part of the groove with the tungsten electrode. The wire feeding is vertical vibration, the vibration amplitude is 2mm, and the frequency is 15Hz; when the welding wire swings to the lower part of the groove with the tungsten electrode, the wire feeding is horizontal vibration, the vibration amplitude is 2mm, and the frequency is 20Hz. Vibration wire feeding can improve the surface tension of the deposited metal on the one hand, realize good spreading of the large deposited metal, and effectively improve the welding deposition efficiency. On the other hand, vibration wire feeding can interfere with the flow behavior of the molten pool to avoid the influence of gravity causing the deposited metal to flow downward and accumulate at the lower part of the groove.

[0063] (3) Welding process

[0064] Welding process: welding current 300A, welding voltage 18V, welding wire diameter 3.0mm, wire feeding speed 2000mm / min. Inert gas protection is required on the front and back of the weld during welding. In order to avoid excessive grain size in the weld pool due to large welding filling, a copper alloy water cooling device is placed on the other side when welding one side of the weld, which effectively reduces the high temperature residence time and achieves efficient and high-quality welding. In symmetrical welding, the back inert gas protection and water cooling integrated device are used for protection.

[0065] For the horizontal welding of the cylinder girth weld, the welding efficiency can be further improved by welding at multiple stations at the same time, or by welding symmetrically at multiple stations at the same time.

[0066] This technology can effectively increase the welding deposition volume at the horizontal welding position of the cylinder weld, increasing the existing single-pass filling of 1.5mm to more than 4mm, and the deposition efficiency is increased by more than 1 times, greatly improving the welding efficiency. At the same time, through asymmetric arc swing and vibration wire feeding technology, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of welding defects such as incomplete welding and porosity, and achieve efficient and high-quality welding.

[0067] Upper part of groove 1, lower part of groove 2, tungsten electrode swing angle 3, groove inclination 4, protection device 5, water cooling channel 6, inert gas protection channel 7, front side of weld 8, back side of weld 9, welding tungsten electrode 10, welding wire 11, vibration direction of welding wire at upper part of groove 12, vibration direction of welding wire at lower part of groove 13.

[0068] The present invention discloses a titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-deposition vibration wire feeding narrow-gap welding method. The overall improvement principle lies in the innovative design of an asymmetric inclined groove combined with an asymmetric arc swing and an asymmetric vibration wire feeding technology. Firstly, an asymmetric inclined groove with an upper portion and a lower portion of the groove is designed, which effectively reduces the influence of gravity on the welding molten pool and improves the deposition efficiency; then, an asymmetric arc swing technology is adopted to increase the residence time of the welding tungsten electrode at the upper portion of the groove, thereby achieving effective preheating of the upper groove side wall and shortening the residence time at the lower portion of the groove, thereby reducing the welding heat input at the lower portion and avoiding the molten pool metal from flowing down due to gravity; in addition, an asymmetric vibration wire feeding technology is introduced to dynamically adjust the vibration mode of the welding wire according to the different positions of the tungsten electrode at the upper and lower portions of the groove, thereby improving the surface tension of the deposited metal and promoting the uniform spreading of the large deposited metal in the groove, and interfering with the molten pool flow through vibration, thereby effectively preventing the deposited metal from accumulating at the lower portion of the groove, so as to optimize the heat distribution and molten pool behavior during welding.

[0069] This application effectively reduces the influence of gravity on the welding pool through the asymmetric inclined groove design and the asymmetric arc swing and asymmetric vibration wire feeding welding process, enhances the bonding force between the filler metal and the side wall, makes the welding process more stable, greatly improves the deposition efficiency, and increases the existing single-pass filling from 1.5mm to more than 4mm, and the deposition efficiency is increased by more than 1 times; at the same time, this method effectively avoids the common defects such as unfusion and pores in traditional welding, and achieves efficient and high-quality welding. The post-weld joint flaw detection meets the requirements of relevant standards, the tensile strength of the welded joint reaches equal strength matching, and the impact performance of the weld is equivalent to that of the parent material. In addition, the titanium alloy circumferential seam efficient large deposition vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method described in this application has a wide range of applications, and is particularly suitable for narrow gap welding of thick titanium alloy circumferential seams. It is expected to be widely used in the horizontal welding of thick-walled titanium alloy structures such as marine engineering, providing an efficient and reliable solution for the welding of titanium alloy structural parts, reducing production costs and shortening production cycles.

[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: groove design, in which an asymmetrical groove is provided at the upper groove portion (1) and the lower groove portion (2) on the titanium alloy thick-walled cylinder, and the groove is provided in an inclined shape; S2: welding process design, during welding, the groove with the blunt edge (14) tilted upward is the front side of the weld (8), and the groove with the blunt edge (14) tilted downward is the back side of the weld (9), a welding tungsten electrode (10) is arranged in the groove of the front side of the weld (8), the welding tungsten electrode (10) adopts asymmetric arc swing during welding, the residence time of the welding tungsten electrode (10) near the upper part (1) of the groove is greater than the residence time near the lower part (2) of the groove, and / or, when the welding tungsten electrode (10) swings to the root of the upper part (1) of the groove, the upward swing angle is α, and when the welding tungsten electrode (10) swings to the root of the lower part (2) of the groove, the downward swing angle is β, α≥β; The slope of the groove (4) is in the range of 10° to 30°, and the slope of the groove (4) is the angle between the inclination center line of the blunt edge (14) and the horizontal line; In step S2, it also includes asymmetric vibration wire feeding, wherein the welding wire (11) is fed into the molten pool through the asymmetric vibration wire feeding device. When the welding wire (11) swings to the upper part (1) of the groove along with the welding tungsten electrode (10), the wire feeding is vertical vibration, and when the welding wire swings to the lower part (2) of the groove along with the welding tungsten electrode (10), the wire feeding is horizontal vibration.

2. The titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The center line of the groove is used as the critical position for switching between vertical vibration wire feeding and horizontal vibration wire feeding of the welding tungsten electrode (10).

3. The titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the wire is fed by vertical vibration, the vibration amplitude is 1-5 mm and the frequency is 5-20 Hz; when the wire is fed by horizontal vibration, the vibration amplitude is 10-30 mm and the frequency is 5-10 Hz.

4. The titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The value range of α is 5°~10°, and the value range of β is 0°~10°.

5. The titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The residence time of the welding tungsten electrode (10) near the upper part (1) of the groove is t1, and the value range of t1 is 2-10 seconds. The residence time of the welding tungsten electrode (10) near the lower part (2) of the groove is t2, and the value range of t2 is 0-5 seconds.

6. The titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The blunt edge (14) of the groove is located at the thickness center of the plate, and the grooves on both sides of the blunt edge (14) are symmetrically arranged along the blunt edge (14).

7. The titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the welding process has a welding current of 220-300A, a welding voltage of 15-18V, a wire feeding speed of 1500-3000mm / min, and the front and back sides of the weld need to be protected by inert gas during the welding process.

8. The titanium alloy annular seam high-efficiency large-cladding vibration wire feeding narrow gap welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During welding, a protective device (5) is arranged in the groove side of the blunt edge (14) facing downward, and the protective device (5) can provide inert gas protection to the front and back sides of the weld, and cooling protection to the back side during welding.

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