A method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of concrete material detection technology, in particular to a method for detecting cracks in a concrete structure based on quantum measurement technology, comprising the steps of: S10, emitting a concrete particle beam perpendicular to the plane, scanning and detecting from one side of the plane to the other side, converting the received electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity to obtain electrical signal data, recording the first position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the second position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time; S20, scanning and detecting based on the second direction of the plane, recording the third position and the fourth position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the last time; S30, setting a plurality of detection points within the range defined by the first, second, third and fourth positions, and determining the size parameters of the cracks according to the electrical signal data of all detection points. The present invention can not only improve the efficiency of concrete detection, but also make great technical progress in the field of concrete detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of concrete material detection, and in particular to a method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology. Background Art

[0002] Concrete structures are widely used in applications such as hydropower and hydraulic bridge piers, reservoirs and dams, and highway and high-speed rail piers. Due to stress and material changes in the concrete's components, microcracks (streaks) can develop. Cracks in concrete structures are caused by factors such as load, shrinkage and deformation of the concrete material, temperature fluctuations, and corrosion of the steel reinforcement within the concrete. Cracks significantly impact the service life of concrete structures. Detecting and identifying the crack morphology and extent of damage within concrete structures is crucial for determining the need for repair and the appropriate repair standards.

[0003] Traditional non-destructive testing methods for concrete mainly include ultrasonic testing and surface wave testing, which can generally only detect cracks within a depth of 500mm. Three-dimensional seismic wave detection cannot be used for crack detection in concrete dams or bridge piers, because detection requires a certain intensity of the earthquake source, which will cause irreversible damage to the concrete structure. With the development of quantum particle technology, concrete crack detection technology based on quantum particles has emerged. For example, the Chinese invention with application number CN202410025818.2 proposed "A method for concrete detection based on quantum particles", which can directly detect cracks in concrete structures, eliminate the interference caused by the complex extension of concrete structure cracks and differences in manual interpretation, and cracks with a width greater than or equal to 0.5mm can be fully identified. Although this method has designed a variety of strategies when arranging grid lines, the applicant found in continued research that the detection efficiency of this method still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology, which can not only realize crack detection in concrete structures but also improve detection efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology comprises the following steps:

[0007] S10, on a plane of the concrete structure, based on a first direction of the plane, the particle measuring host emits a concrete particle beam perpendicular to the plane, scanning and detecting from one side of the plane to the other side, recording the physical quantity represented by the received electromagnetic particles, and converting it into electrical signal data, determining whether the electrical signal data has changed, and recording the first position of the detection point when the electrical signal data first changes and the second position of the detection point when the electrical signal data last changes;

[0008] S20, based on a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of the plane, scanning and detecting from one side of the plane to the other side, recording a physical quantity representing the received electromagnetic particles, converting the received physical quantity into electrical signal data, determining whether the electrical signal data has changed, and recording a third position of the detection point when the electrical signal data first changed and a fourth position of the detection point when the electrical signal data last changed;

[0009] S30, taking the range defined by the first position, the second position, the third position and the fourth position as the fixed-point detection range, setting a number of detection points within the fixed-point detection range, and at each detection point, the particle host emits a concrete particle beam perpendicular to the plane, records the received electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity, and converts it to obtain electrical signal data, and determines the size parameters of the crack based on the electrical signal data of all detection points.

[0010] In the above scheme, scanning detection is first used to determine the first, second, third, and fourth positions. These four positions are then used to delineate the crack boundary range. Probe points are then deployed within this boundary range for refined, fixed-point detection. Scanning detection only focuses on whether the electrical signal data changes without performing detailed calculations. Therefore, compared to directly deploying a large number of grid lines within a plane for refined fixed-point detection, this method saves time on large-area deployment, can quickly detect crack morphology, and improves work efficiency. Furthermore, scanning detection is more conducive to accurately determining the boundary range in one go, avoiding inaccurate boundaries caused by large spacing between probe points, and also avoiding low detection efficiency caused by repeatedly reducing the spacing between probe points.

[0011] The concrete particle beams emitted by the particle quantity host are multiple concrete particle beams. The multiple concrete particle beams are cylindrical.

[0012] In the above scheme, the concrete particle beam is a multi-beam concrete particle beam, and the energy of N-beam concrete particle beam is N times that of a single-beam concrete particle beam. Therefore, this can enhance the energy of the received electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity. When judging whether a change has occurred and performing corresponding conversion based on the electrical signal data obtained by converting the electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity, compared with a single-beam concrete particle beam, the change amount can be amplified N times, which is more conducive to accurate judgment, avoids the situation where small changes cannot be accurately identified, and improves the accuracy of the detection results.

[0013] In S30, the ranges enclosed by S1-S, S2+S, S3-S, and S4+S are the fixed-point detection ranges, where S1, S2, S3, and S4 represent the first position, the second position, the third position, and the fourth position, respectively, and S represents the distance moved away from the crack.

[0014] The range defined by S1, S2, S3, and S4 is the initial fixed-point detection range, while the range defined by S1-S, S2+S, S3-S, and S4+S is the revised fixed-point detection range. In this solution, a certain margin is retained within the initially determined boundary range, meaning that the initially determined boundary range is slightly expanded to improve fault tolerance. This further improves the accuracy of the crack boundary range and avoids missing boundary points due to excessive scanning speed during scanning detection.

[0015] In S30, the process of setting a plurality of detection points within the fixed-point detection range includes: arranging a plurality of horizontal detection lines and vertical detection lines at equal intervals within the fixed-point detection range, and arranging a plurality of detection points at equal intervals along the horizontal detection lines and the vertical detection lines.

[0016] The detection points on the horizontal and vertical detection lines can overlap or be independent of each other. By arranging the detection points at equal intervals, the detection points can be distributed more evenly, which in turn helps to more accurately obtain the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the crack based on the detection point data.

[0017] If the crack is a crack that is at a non-right angle to the detection plane, then in S30, the process of obtaining the response depth of the crack based on the electrical signal data of one detection point includes:

[0018] A concrete particle beam is emitted vertically downward from the detection point, and the detection depth is continuously increased for detection. It is determined whether the electrical signal data obtained by converting the physical quantity represented by the received electromagnetic particles has changed. The depth value corresponding to the first change in the electrical signal data and the depth value corresponding to the last change are recorded. The difference between the two depth values ​​is the response depth value of the crack.

[0019] If the crack is a vertical crack, then in S30, whether the electrical signal data obtained by the conversion of each detection point changes from the first position to the second position is determined, and the fifth position and time of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the sixth position and time of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time are recorded. The width of the crack is calculated according to the following formula: , W represents the width of the crack, S EF represents the distance between the fifth position and the sixth position, and d represents the length of the concrete particle beam range;

[0020] From the third position to the fourth position, determine whether the electrical signal data obtained from each detection point has changed. Record the seventh position and time of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time, and the eighth position and time of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time. Calculate the length of the crack according to the following formula: , L represents the width of the crack, S GHIndicates the distance between the seventh and eighth positions.

[0021] S EF Calculated by the following formula: , t E , t F are the direction from the first position to the second position, the time when the electrical signal data changes for the first time, and the time when it changes for the last time, and V is the horizontal moving speed of the particle host.

[0022] In S30, during the fixed-point detection process in the direction from the first position to the second position, the position where the change in the electrical signal data is the largest is determined, and a concrete particle beam is emitted vertically downward at this position. The detection depth is gradually increased until the electrical signal data no longer changes. The electrical signal data and depth data at this time are recorded. The depth data is the response depth value of the crack.

[0023] For different cracks, using different calculation methods according to the characteristics of the cracks can help improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of cracks.

[0024] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention can not only realize non-destructive crack detection, but also has high accuracy and high efficiency. The specific description is as follows:

[0025] 1) The detection method is non-contact detection, which greatly improves work efficiency and ensures safety detection.

[0026] Traditional ultrasonic crack detection requires placing detectors near the cracks, which significantly increases the workload of crack detection construction. This includes the manual placement of detectors and the use of coupling agents. Crack detection in power stations and bridge piers also requires the use of ladders and hanging baskets, which also increases the safety risks for construction workers.

[0027] Quantitative particle detection is a non-contact detection method. There is no need to place detectors near the cracks, which greatly saves the detection construction workload and reduces the safety operation risks, meeting the current needs of enterprises for efficient and safe production.

[0028] 2) The detection and data acquisition does not harm the concrete.

[0029] Traditional surface wave crack detection requires drilling and impact hammer excitation operations, which destroys the original concrete structure.

[0030] Quantum particle detection uses electromagnetic waves and quantum technology, which is completely harmless to concrete structures and does not cause any damage to concrete.

[0031] 3) There is a significant improvement in the depth of crack detection.

[0032] Traditional ultrasonic and surface wave detection can only detect cracks within 500mm. However, particle detection can detect cracks up to 500m deep, which is sufficient for crack detection in existing concrete structures, with a depth accuracy of centimeters.

[0033] 4) More subtle crack width identification.

[0034] In terms of crack width detection, it can identify micro cracks (lines) with a minimum width of 0.1, which fully meets the current requirements for hydraulic concrete crack detection.

[0035] 5) It only responds to the detected target object, and is not affected by other interference factors such as steel bars and stress. The detection results can be used directly without the need to eliminate factors such as noise reduction and anti-interference, making the detection more efficient.

[0036] 6) The method of scanning detection first and then detailed detection can save a lot of time for point arrangement and conversion, and improve detection efficiency.

[0037] 7) The multi-beam particle wave detection method is adopted to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without making any creative efforts.

[0039] Figure 1 Flowchart of a method for detecting cracks in a concrete structure based on quantum measurement technology in an embodiment.

[0040] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the vertical crack and the concrete particle beam range. Figure 2b This is another schematic diagram of the vertical crack and the concrete particle beam range. Figure 2c Schematic diagram of the boundary points of the fixed-point detection range. Figure 2d Schematic diagram of depth conversion of vertical cracks.

[0041] Figure 3a Schematic diagram of a crack that is not at a right angle to the plane. Figure 3b Schematic diagram of crack conversion for particle detection.

[0042] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a vertical crack in the example.

[0043] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a crack in an example that is not at a right angle to the plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different settings. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] See also Figure 1 In this embodiment, a method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology is proposed, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S10, on a plane of the concrete structure, based on the first direction of the plane, the particle host emits multiple beams of a certain intensity perpendicular to the plane ( ) is used to scan and detect from one side of the plane to the other, receive electromagnetic particles representing physical quantities, and convert them into electrical signal data, determine whether the electrical signal data has changed, and record the first position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the second position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time.

[0047] A concrete particle beam refers to an electromagnetic particle beam that captures the quantum physical state of the concrete structure. Throughout the detection process, the quantum physical energy of the electromagnetic particle beam and the concrete structure, under the influence of the particle physics field, continuously interact with each other, producing identical particles. When identical particles interact, the returned particle physical state parameters are identical. However, when different particles (such as those in the presence of microcracks) interact, the returned particle characteristics exhibit certain jumps and gaps. When cracks are present in the concrete structure, the concrete particle beam and the material within the cracks undergo a series of quantum interactions, including quantum entanglement and superposition. This causes changes in the electromagnetic particle characteristics (magnetic rotation intensity angle, momentum, and time difference) received by the particle host. Conversely, if no cracks are present, the received electromagnetic particle characteristics remain unchanged. Therefore, the spatial configuration of the crack can be determined by whether the received quantum physical field energy changes.

[0048] In this embodiment, multiple beams are emitted simultaneously when emitting concrete particle beams. This has the advantage of enhancing signal energy, making the changes in the physical quantities represented by the received electromagnetic particles more obvious, and thus helping to improve the accuracy of crack identification. For example, see Figure 2aIn this embodiment, based on the particle host used, the multiple beams of concrete particle beams are cylindrical with a diameter of 30 mm. Of course, the shapes and sizes of the multiple beams of concrete particle beams can be designed in different ways.

[0049] like Figure 2a As shown, assuming the crack center is at point O and the crack boundary is around point O, the electrical signal data changes when scanning around point O. When detecting outside points J and K (line segment JK is perpendicular to the crack direction), there is no crack and the emitted concrete particle beam hardly changes. When detecting between points J and K, the electrical signal data obtained by converting the physical quantity representing the magnetic particles received by the particle host will change. The change gradually increases from point J to point O as the crack area involved gradually increases. The change in the electrical signal data reaches its maximum value at point O (maximum energy loss), and the change gradually decreases from point O to point K as the crack area involved gradually decreases.

[0050] Therefore, when scanning from one side of the concrete structure to the other, the first change in the converted electrical signal data indicates that the crack area has just been approached, while the last change indicates that the crack area is about to be left. The location of the detection point when the electrical signal data first changes and the location of the detection point when the electrical signal data last changes are recorded to facilitate the determination of the crack boundary point.

[0051] S20, based on the second direction of the plane perpendicular to the first direction, scan and detect from one side of the plane to the other side, receive electromagnetic particles representing physical quantities, and convert them to obtain electrical signal data, determine whether the electrical signal data has changed, and record the third position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the fourth position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time.

[0052] That is, the boundary area in the other direction of the crack is determined in the same manner as S10. Figure 3a As shown, S10 first scans and detects from left to right, and S20 then scans and detects from front to back to determine the boundary of the crack.

[0053] S30, taking the range defined by the first position, the second position, the third position and the fourth position as the fixed-point detection range, setting a number of detection points within the fixed-point detection range, and at each detection point, the particle host emits a concrete particle beam perpendicular to the plane, records the received magnetic particle representation physical quantity, and converts it into electrical signal data, and determines the size parameters of the crack based on the electrical signal data of all detection points.

[0054] After steps S10 and S20 determine the boundary range, S30 performs fixed-point detection within the boundary range, and determines the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the cracks based on the data received during detection. In the solution disclosed in CN202410025818.2, a large number of grid lines are directly laid out in the plane, and the width and depth of the cracks are calculated based on the data detected at the grid points. In other words, the data for each detection point must be calculated. In the solution of this embodiment, the boundary range of the concrete cracks is first scanned and detected, and only a number of detection points are arranged within the boundary range for fixed-point detection. The scanning and detection process does not require calculation, and only needs to compare whether the data received successively have changed. Therefore, compared with the method of first laying out a large number of grid points and then determining the range of the cracks at each measuring point, the time of laying out points over a large area is saved, the crack morphology can be quickly detected, and the work efficiency is improved.

[0055] like Figure 2a As shown in the figure, label 10 represents a vertical crack, label 20 represents the range of the concrete particle beam, and the two boundary points of the crack are between point J and point O, and between point O and point K. In fact, as long as the area explored by the concrete particle beam contains the crack, the converted electrical signal data will change. Figure 2a The diagram shows an ideal state. This does not mean that the first change in the converted electrical signal data will be exactly at the position indicated by point J, nor that the last change in the converted electrical signal data will be exactly at the position indicated by point K. Therefore, more detailed detection is required to more accurately determine the crack boundary.

[0056] It is worth noting that if the scanning speed is too fast, making the detection point span larger, it may appear Figure 2b The situation shown is that the electrical signal data obtained by conversion is detected to have not changed at the previous position, but when a change is detected at the next position, the detection area has already covered a larger area of ​​the crack, which will not be conducive to accurately determining the boundary point of the crack. Therefore, more preferably, after detecting the first position of the detection point when the first change occurs and the second position of the detection point when the last change occurs, the first position can be moved a certain distance away from the crack as the first boundary point of the fixed-point detection, and the second position can be moved a certain distance away from the crack as the second boundary point of the fixed-point detection, and the same applies to the third and fourth positions. That is to say, in step S30, as Figure 2c As shown, it is more preferred to use the ranges defined by S1-S, S2+S, S3-S, and S4+S as the fixed-point detection range, where S1, S2, S3, and S4 represent the first position, the second position, the third position, and the fourth position, respectively, and S represents the distance moved away from the crack. Figure 2a For example, S1-S represents a distance S moved to the left from the first position, and S2+S represents a distance S moved to the right from the second position.

[0057] According to the direction of crack development, cracks can be subdivided into cracks with non-perpendicular angles to the detection plane (or can be further refined to less than 85°) and vertical cracks. Cracks with non-perpendicular angles to the detection plane are cracks that develop in the horizontal direction but are not at a right angle to the plane, for example Figure 3a As shown in the figure, vertical cracks are those that are perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane when viewed from the outside surface, with an angle of no more than 5° between the crack and the vertical line. They generally develop vertically downward from the reference plane. Commonly referred to as cracks, they are more likely to be at non-perpendicular angles to the detection plane. Vertical cracks are generally rare, but they do exist in concrete structures such as dams.

[0058] It should be noted that vertical cracks appear on the exterior surface of concrete structures, so it's easy to determine whether they're vertical cracks simply by observing the concrete surface. However, vertical cracks can also develop and extend into the interior of the concrete structure. This means the crack depth and length and width displayed on the concrete surface aren't the true dimensions of the crack. Therefore, accurate detection is necessary to provide accurate data supporting the decision to repair the crack and the repair standards.

[0059] In S30, the process of setting a plurality of detection points within the fixed-point detection range may be:

[0060] Within the fixed-point detection range, several horizontal and vertical detection lines are arranged, and then several detection points are placed along these lines. The detection points on these lines can overlap or be independent of each other. When the detection points on these lines overlap, the intersection of the lines is considered a single detection point. Detection points can also be arranged in triangles, circles, fixed oblique points, or conical patterns.

[0061] The spacing between the transverse detection lines is preferably equal, the spacing between the longitudinal detection lines is preferably equal, and the spacing between the detection points is also preferably equal.

[0062] Theoretically, whether it is a vertical crack or a crack that is not at a right angle to the detection plane, in order to obtain the three-dimensional shape of the crack, the three characteristic data of the length, width and height of the crack must be detected. The detection method can be the same, but the inventor found during the research process that when the characteristic data calculation method of the crack that is not at a right angle to the detection plane is used to calculate the characteristic data of the vertical crack, the error between the result and the actual size is relatively large. Therefore, different processing methods are adopted for the two types of cracks in this embodiment.

[0063] (1) For cracks that are not at right angles to the detection plane.

[0064] The electrical signal data of all detection points on a detection line can be used to obtain a cross-sectional fracture line. By combining the electrical signal data of all detection points on all grid lines, the three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the fracture can be obtained.

[0065] For reference Figure 3b In the figure, reference numeral 30 indicates a crack that is not at a right angle to the detection plane, and reference numeral 40 indicates a concrete structure. For the electrical signal data at a detection point, the time difference Δt and depth of the crack can be obtained by the following method:

[0066] 1. The particle response time difference △t from the plane detection point A to the preset detection depth h0 (point D):

[0067]

[0068] t0: The particle response time when the emitted concrete particle beam travels from the plane detection point A to the point D at the preset detection depth h0 without any cracks;

[0069] t1: The particle response time of the emitted concrete particle beam from the plane detection point A to the point D at the preset detection depth h0 when there is a crack;

[0070] 2. The crack depth is determined by the following methods:

[0071] A concrete particle beam is emitted vertically downward from detection point A, and the detection depth is continuously changed for detection. It is determined whether the electrical signal data obtained by converting the received electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity has changed. The electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity received when the electrical signal data changes for the first time is the electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity received when detecting point B on the upper boundary surface of the crack; the detection depth is further increased, and the electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity received when the electrical signal data changes for the last time is the electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity received when detecting point C on the lower boundary surface of the crack; the detection depth is further increased, and when it is adjusted to the preset detection depth, the electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity received is the electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity received when detecting point D. Among them, there are obvious changes in the electrical signal data at the upper boundary point B and the lower boundary point C, which correspond to the depth h at the upper boundary surface of the crack. AB That is, the depth of the upper boundary point B of the crack from the reference surface point A, corresponding to the depth h at the lower boundary surface of the crack AC That is the depth of the crack lower boundary point C from the reference surface point A; corresponding That is the crack response depth value along the detection direction.

[0072] For Figure 3aThe cracks shown were detected using the method described in this embodiment and the method disclosed in CN202410025818.2, respectively. The results are shown in Table 1 below. The results show that the method described in this embodiment can improve the detection efficiency.

[0073] Table 1: Test results of two methods

[0074]

[0075] (2) For vertical cracks.

[0076] In S30, in the direction from the first position to the second position, it is determined whether the electrical signal data obtained by the conversion of each detection point has changed, and the fifth position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the sixth position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time are recorded. The width of the crack is calculated according to the following formula: , W represents the width of the crack, S EF It represents the distance between the fifth position and the sixth position, which are the two boundary points of the vertical crack area. For example Figure 2a Points E and F are shown, and d represents the length of the concrete particle beam range, as shown in Figure 2a shown.

[0077] Similarly, for the length detection of the crack area, from the third position to the fourth position, determine whether the electrical signal data obtained by the conversion of each detection point has changed. Record the seventh position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the eighth position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time. Convert the crack length according to the following formula: , L represents the width of the crack, S GH It represents the distance between the seventh position and the eighth position, d represents the length of the concrete particle beam range, and when the concrete particle beam range is a circle, it is the diameter.

[0078] S EF Calculated in the following way:

[0079] , where t E , t F are the direction from the first position to the second position, the time when the electrical signal data changes for the first time, and the time when it changes for the last time, and V is the horizontal moving speed of the particle host.

[0080] The crack width detection data of a certain crack depth in a certain case is shown in Table 2 below:

[0081] Table 2: Crack width test data for a certain crack depth

[0082]

[0083] E0 represents the initial value, E1 represents the measured energy value received by the instrument when encountering a crack. Indicates the change value, , , , n represents the number of particle beams, μ represents the ratio of the measured energy value to the initial value, t1~t 13 It represents the time corresponding to detection points 1 to 13, and h represents the Planck constant.

[0084] During the fixed-point detection process, determine the position where the change in the electrical signal data is the largest, that is, Figure 2a At point O shown in the figure, the detection depth is gradually increased until the electrical signal intensity data obtained by converting the physical quantity represented by the electromagnetic particles responded by the quantum sensor no longer changes, and the electrical signal data and depth data at this time are recorded, as shown in FIG. Figure 2d As shown in the figure is the depth of the crack.

[0085] Based on the completed particle detection cases for concrete piers of hydropower stations and reservoir dams, a large amount of particle measurement data has been obtained, and the technology has been verified as effective through field measurements. For example, particle detection of cracks in the diversion embankment piers of a hydropower station, particle detection of cracks in the concrete piers of a hydropower station's spillway, and particle detection of cracks in the 23# concrete of a reservoir.

[0086] For details of the actual particle detection data, please see Tables 3 to 6 below.

[0087] Table 3: Partial detection data of the 1# dike buttress of a hydropower station

[0088]

[0089] Table 4: Partial detection data of the left pier of No. 1 flood discharge gate of a hydropower station

[0090]

[0091] Table 5: Particle data of crack 23# detected on the top of a reservoir dam

[0092]

[0093] Table 6: Horizontal and vertical particle data of the 23# crack at the bottom of a reservoir dam

[0094]

[0095] On the basis of mathematical modeling data processing, the three-dimensional morphological description of microcracks is completed through computer three-dimensional modeling, such as Figure 4 、 Figure 5 As shown. Figure 4This is a V-V' cross-section diagram of a crack in a reservoir dam. The scale is 1:1000, the dam top elevation is 1182.6m, and the direction is 222°. In the figure, h1 represents the crack elevation, h2 represents the dam excavation surface, h3 represents the dam foundation surface, h4 represents the reservoir water level, the shaded area indicated by number 30 represents the crack range, and number 40 represents the concrete structure.

[0096] After using particle quantification to detect cracks in the diversion gate pier of a hydropower station, a drilling verification was conducted on the cracks. The actual drilling verification data showed that the extension length and depth of the cracks (lines) detected by the particle quantification were basically consistent with the data, with a consistency rate of 95%.

[0097] The following is an illustration of a real case.

[0098] Experimental Objective: To collect basic data on crack detection in hydraulic concrete using particle detection technology at the Qingfengling Teaching Power Station and determine the accuracy of particle detection in crack detection. Furthermore, a magnetotelluric detector was used to detect cracks under the same conditions and compare the effectiveness of the two detection technologies.

[0099] Detection Object Description: The target object is a concrete staircase adjacent to the gravity dam at the Qingfengling Teaching Power Station. A crack is clearly visible on the staircase, measuring 0.8 x 0.8 m. The crack is narrow on the left, 2 to 3 mm wide, and gradually widens to 7 to 8 mm toward the right. The crack has a generally gentle inclination, with an inclination of approximately 1 to 2 degrees, reaching 15 degrees to the left. The left side of the crack is approximately 12 cm from the detection platform, gradually decreasing to 3 cm. Laser visual inspection reveals that the crack extends inward, almost penetrating the staircase platform.

[0100] The particle detection results are shown in Table 7 below:

[0101] Table 7: Particle detection results data

[0102]

[0103] The detection results show that the particle host can detect cracks and has a fast response speed.

[0104] The instrument's crack depth data is concentrated between 0.5 and 0.7 m. Detection points 7 and 8 have the smallest signal response units of 7 to 8, corresponding to the narrowest crack at the actual location (the upper left corner of the steps); while points 4 and 5, where the crack is wider, correspond to the maximum instrument response units of 23 to 25.

[0105] The collected particle crack detection data are analyzed and sorted indoors to form a three-dimensional image.

[0106] The detection effect of the magnetotelluric detector on the crack interface is poor, and it fails to effectively reflect the interface difference position caused by the step cracks.

[0107] Conclusion: (1) The particle detector can detect cracks in hydraulic concrete. As long as cracks exist, the instrument will respond. (2) The minimum crack width that the instrument can currently detect is 0.1 mm, which means the device has a resolution of 0.1 mm. (3) The width of the crack is positively correlated with the instrument's response unit. That is, wider cracks have higher instrument response units, while smaller cracks have lower response units. (4) For a crack with a width of 0.1 mm, the instrument has a response unit of 3 to 5.

[0108] The detailed principle of the particle quantification host and particle quantification detection is as follows:

[0109] First, a cold atom-quantum device is used in the laboratory to systematically acquire a quantum particle map of the concrete structure. This map then uses the concrete quantum particle map to obtain multiple detectable quantum state quantities of a standard concrete crack (crack) specimen (crack width 0.1 to 5.0 mm). These quantum state quantities represent digital electrical signals of concrete structure information that can be recognized by the quantum particle host computer. Finally, these multiple quantum state quantities of concrete crack (crack) characteristics are converted into digital signals in the laboratory. During field measurements, these digital signals are input into the quantum particle host computer's storage unit, which then activates the emission unit to emit a concrete particle beam.

[0110] The emitted concrete particle beam will generate quantum entanglement, superposition, collapse and other quantum physical field states with the structural concrete and its contact surface (undamaged and damaged areas). Specifically, the concrete quantum ground state wave function is obtained from the quantum particle map. The field energy wave function of the concrete structure with the external environment Mutual quantum interactions produce a series of quantum phenomena such as quantum superposition, entanglement, collapse, tunneling, and transition, forming the wave function after the interaction. .

[0111] At the interface of the concrete crack, a slight change in the quantum magnetic deflection angle and the reflection of part of the energy occur, resulting in energy loss. The wave function equation after the quantum action is: Among them, after the quantum action, the main change of the quantum wave function is the difference in magnetic rotation intensity and momentum difference At the interface of cracks in concrete structures, the quantum Hall effect mainly occurs, and its principle is as follows:

[0112] Usually Ohm's law states that the steady-state current is proportional to the electric field on the substance. , in the presence of a magnetic field β, to be corrected, where δ is the conductivity of the material. In the absence of a magnetic field, for an isotropic medium, the current polar vector can be constructed using the vector ε axis and the vector β:

[0113]

[0114] Note: Electromagnetic field, electric field and electric current all refer to the quantum state in which a phenomenological constant related to magnetoresistance appears. The magnetic field introduces an effective anisotropy - the electric field, which induces electric charge in a vertical direction through Lorentz work and the resulting bending of particle trajectories.

[0115] In the quantum particle region with quantum state field (0~10T), under such conditions, the quantum of cyclotron frequency has the order of magnitude energy.

[0116] The quantum Hall effect can be detected at the interface between two semiconductors such as GaAs and Ga1-xAs by inversion layer detection with high precision and low collision rate. ;

[0117] Wc is , magnetic deflection angle; τ is .

[0118] Quantum Hall conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, that is:

[0119]

[0120] In the formula:

[0121]

[0122] At integer values ​​of parameter V, the standard sample is observed, that is, the integer quantum Hall effect.

[0123] A more detailed explanation of the quantum principle is as follows:

[0124] On the concrete structure surface and its contact surface, the density change verifies the properties of the density matrix. For a pure state (no coupling with the environment, no damage), the density matrix is ​​equivalent to the wave function.

[0125] When the system is in pure state Any state of the entire system can be expressed as a superposition of these basic states:

[0126]

[0127] The amplitude Ckiv can be time-dependent and it will be normalized as follows:

[0128]

[0129] let is an arbitrary operator that acts only on system variables, and its detection result is expressed as the expected value ( ) describes, in the environmental quality subnumber, The matrix elements of are diagonal:

[0130]

[0131] therefore, The expected value of takes the following form:

[0132]

[0133] Define the Hilbert space density matrix of the action detection subsystem , as the result of tracking and detecting spatial environment variables.

[0134]

[0135] Among them, the upper line indicates that the detection space environment state is “averaged”, and the matrix unit is the matrix of the above formula All expectations have been determined:

[0136]

[0137] tr refers only to the state trace of the system, according to the normalized formula:

[0138]

[0139] The density matrix is ​​normalized to:

[0140]

[0141] Operator The distribution function ω(α) for different values ​​of α is expressed as:

[0142]

[0143] When the system is in a mixed state and the variables are entangled with the detection space environment, the density matrix provides the probabilities of all detection results under incomplete information conditions.

[0144] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10, on a plane of the concrete structure, based on the first direction of the plane, the particle host emits a concrete particle beam perpendicular to the plane, scans and detects from one side of the plane to the other side, receives electromagnetic particles to represent physical quantities, and converts them to obtain electrical signal data, determines whether the electrical signal data changes, and records the first position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the second position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time; S20, based on a second direction of the plane perpendicular to the first direction, scanning and detecting from one side of the plane to the other side, receiving electromagnetic particles representing physical quantities, and converting and obtaining electrical signal data, determining whether the electrical signal data has changed, and recording a third position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and a fourth position of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time; S30, taking the range defined by the first position, the second position, the third position, and the fourth position as the fixed-point detection range, setting a plurality of detection points within the fixed-point detection range, and at each detection point, the particle host emits a concrete particle beam perpendicular to the plane, records the received electromagnetic particle characterization physical quantity, and converts it to obtain electrical signal data, and determines the size parameters of the crack according to the electrical signal data of all detection points; If the crack is a crack that is not at a right angle to the detection plane, then in S30, the process of obtaining the response depth of the crack based on the electrical signal data of a detection point includes: emitting a concrete particle beam vertically downward from the detection point, continuously increasing the detection depth for detection, and determining whether the electrical signal data obtained by converting the received electromagnetic particle representation physical quantity changes, recording the depth value corresponding to the first change of the electrical signal data and the depth value corresponding to the last change, and the difference between the two depth values ​​is the response depth value of the crack; If the crack is a vertical crack, then in S30, from the first position to the second position, it is determined whether the electrical signal data obtained by the conversion of each detection point has changed, and the fifth position and time of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the sixth position and time of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time are recorded, and the width of the crack is calculated according to the following formula: , W represents the width of the crack, S EF represents the distance between the fifth position and the sixth position, d represents the length of the concrete particle beam range; from the third position to the fourth position, determine whether the electrical signal data obtained by each detection point conversion changes, record the seventh position and time of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the first time and the eighth position and time of the detection point when the electrical signal data changes for the last time, and calculate the length of the crack according to the following formula: , L represents the width of the crack, S GH Indicates the distance between the seventh position and the eighth position; S EF Calculated by the following formula: , t E ,t F They are respectively the direction from the first position to the second position, the time when the electrical signal data changes for the first time, and the time when it changes for the last time, and V is the horizontal moving speed of the particle host.

2. The method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concrete particle beams emitted by the particle host are multiple concrete particle beams.

3. The method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The multiple concrete particle beams are cylindrical in shape.

4. The method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S30, the ranges defined by S1-S, S2+S, S3-S, and S4+S are the fixed-point detection ranges, S1, S2, S3, and S4 represent the first position, the second position, the third position, and the fourth position, respectively, and S represents the distance moved in the direction away from the crack.

5. The method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S30, the process of setting a plurality of detection points within the fixed-point detection range includes: arranging a plurality of transverse detection lines and longitudinal detection lines at equal intervals within the fixed-point detection range, and arranging a plurality of detection points at equal intervals along the transverse detection lines and longitudinal detection lines, respectively.

6. The method for detecting cracks in concrete structures based on quantum measurement technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S30, during the fixed-point detection process in the direction from the first position to the second position, the position at which the change in the electrical signal data is the largest is determined, and a concrete particle beam is emitted vertically downward at this position. The detection depth is gradually increased until the electrical signal data no longer changes. The electrical signal data and depth data at this time are recorded. The depth data is the response depth value of the crack.

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