Carbon dioxide trapping device and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon dioxide capturing device and a vehicle, and the carbon dioxide capturing device comprises a heat exchanger, in which high-temperature waste gas is subjected to heat exchange to obtain low-temperature waste gas; the low-temperature waste gas flowing through the heat exchanger flows into the absorption tower from the bottom of the absorption tower, and the top of the absorption tower sprays a liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent downwards. Carbon dioxide in waste gas flowing through the absorption tower can be fully adsorbed by the sprayed liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent, so that carbon emission is reduced, the ecological environment is protected, and the adsorbed and captured carbon dioxide can be reutilized and used for preparing methanol fuel; furthermore, the waste gas firstly flows through the heat exchanger before flowing through the absorption tower, so that the high-temperature waste gas is cooled, and the risk that carbon dioxide adsorbed in a liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is desorbed due to the influence of high temperature is avoided; furthermore, the sufficient and reliable adsorption and capture effect of the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent on carbon dioxide in waste gas is effectively ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of exhaust gas treatment, and more specifically to a carbon dioxide capture device, and also to a vehicle including the carbon dioxide capture device. Background Art

[0002] Methanol, as a green and low-carbon fuel, is clean, renewable and efficient, and has received increasing attention in the field of new energy. Methanol can be synthesized from carbon dioxide in waste gas. Therefore, adsorbing carbon dioxide in waste gas or polluted gas can not only reduce carbon emissions and protect the ecological environment; the adsorbed carbon dioxide can also be used to generate methanol for secondary recycling. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present application provides a carbon dioxide capture device and also provides a vehicle including the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture device, which solves the problem of not being able to fully adsorb carbon dioxide in exhaust gas.

[0004] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A carbon dioxide capture device, comprising:

[0006] a heat exchanger in which the high-temperature exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide undergoes heat exchange to obtain low-temperature exhaust gas;

[0007] The low-temperature exhaust gas flowing through the heat exchanger flows into the absorption tower from the bottom of the absorption tower, and the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is sprayed downward from the top of the absorption tower.

[0008] Optionally, in the above carbon dioxide capture device, the carbon dioxide capture device comprises a liquid storage tank, wherein the liquid storage tank contains the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in liquid state;

[0009] A first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid storage tank and the top of the absorption tower so that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the liquid storage tank is transported to the top of the absorption tower;

[0010] A second connecting pipe is connected between the liquid storage tank and the bottom of the absorption tower, so that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent dripping to the bottom of the absorption tower flows back to the liquid storage tank.

[0011] Optionally, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture device, the top of the absorption tower has an exhaust port, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor is provided at the exhaust port to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide discharged through the absorption tower.

[0012] Optionally, in the above carbon dioxide capture device,

[0013] The liquid storage tank is connected with a liquid infusion pipe and a liquid discharge pipe; and / or,

[0014] The first connecting pipe is provided with a liquid pump; and / or,

[0015] A gas pump is provided on the third connecting pipe connecting the heat exchanger and the absorption tower.

[0016] Optionally, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture device, a plurality of packing layers are arranged in the absorption tower along the axial direction of the absorption tower.

[0017] Optionally, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture device, the carbon dioxide capture device includes a three-way catalytic converter; in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, the three-way catalytic converter is arranged upstream of the heat exchanger.

[0018] A vehicle comprises an engine and the carbon dioxide capture device as described above, wherein an exhaust pipe of the engine is in communication with the carbon dioxide capture device.

[0019] Optionally, in the above-mentioned vehicle, the absorption tower and liquid storage tank of the carbon dioxide capture device are located behind the cab and fixed above the frame beam of the vehicle.

[0020] Optionally, in the above-mentioned vehicle, the vehicle includes a bracket, the absorption tower and the liquid storage tank are both fixedly mounted on the bracket, and the bracket is fixedly mounted on the frame beam via a connecting piece.

[0021] Optionally, in the above-mentioned vehicle, the vehicle includes an engine cooling system, and the coolant of the engine cooling system exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas in the heat exchanger to obtain low-temperature exhaust gas.

[0022] In the carbon dioxide capture device and vehicle provided by the present application, the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged by the engine first flows through the heat exchanger, and the high-temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the heat exchanger. The refrigerant will take away the heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas, reduce the temperature of the high-temperature exhaust gas and finally obtain low-temperature exhaust gas; the low-temperature exhaust gas enters the absorption tower from the bottom of the absorption tower and flows upward, and undergoes adsorption reaction with the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent sprayed on the top of the absorption tower; the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas flowing through the absorption tower will be fully adsorbed by the sprayed liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent, which not only reduces carbon emissions and protects the ecological environment, but also the adsorbed and captured carbon dioxide can be recycled. The exhaust gas is first utilized for the preparation of methanol fuel; further, the exhaust gas first flows through a heat exchanger before flowing through an absorption tower, thereby achieving cooling treatment of the high-temperature exhaust gas. When the obtained low-temperature exhaust gas undergoes an adsorption reaction with a liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent, the risk of desorption of carbon dioxide adsorbed in the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent due to the influence of high temperature, thereby effectively ensuring a sufficiently reliable adsorption and capture effect of the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent on carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas; and, the present application enriches the capture forms of carbon dioxide in vehicle exhaust gas, by adding liquid capture in addition to solid capture, which can be flexibly selected according to specific vehicle models and / or application scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the carbon dioxide capture device of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bracket of the present application.

[0026] Figure 1-2 middle:

[0027] 1. Heat exchanger; 2. Absorption tower; 3. Liquid storage tank; 4. Liquid pump; 5. Gas pump; 6. Three-way catalytic converter; 7. Engine; 8. Bracket;

[0028] 21. Filling layer;

[0029] 81. Fixed beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application provides a carbon dioxide capture device and also provides a vehicle comprising the carbon dioxide capture device.

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application discloses a carbon dioxide capture device, which includes a heat exchanger 1 and an absorption tower 2. The high-temperature exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide first flows through the heat exchanger 1, and heat exchange is performed in the heat exchanger 1 to obtain low-temperature exhaust gas. The low-temperature exhaust gas cooled by the heat exchanger 1 flows into the absorption tower 2 from the bottom of the absorption tower 2, and the top of the absorption tower 2 sprays liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent downward.

[0033] It should be noted that the carbon dioxide capture device is a device used to absorb carbon dioxide in exhaust gas; the carbon dioxide capture device can be applied to a variety of vehicles in the transportation sector to absorb carbon dioxide in vehicle exhaust gas (i.e. vehicle tail gas); of course, it can also be applied to industry to absorb carbon dioxide in industrial exhaust gas.

[0034] The high temperature and low temperature in high-temperature exhaust gas and low-temperature exhaust gas are relative.

[0035] The liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent includes at least one of ethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), etc. Ethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), etc. are used to react chemically with carbon dioxide to achieve the adsorption and capture of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. When the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is saturated with adsorption, the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is discharged from the carbon dioxide capture device. The liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent that has adsorbed carbon dioxide can be decarbonized in a specific place to obtain clean carbon dioxide. The decarbonized liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent can be recycled and used in the carbon dioxide capture device. The obtained carbon dioxide reacts with hydrogen to prepare methanol fuel, thereby realizing the recycling of renewable clean energy for vehicles.

[0036] It should be noted that the heat exchanger 1 contains a refrigerant, which exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas. The refrigerant will take away the heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas, greatly reduce the temperature of the high-temperature exhaust gas, and finally obtain low-temperature exhaust gas. A number of nozzles are arranged at the top of the absorption tower 2. The liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent transported to the top of the absorption tower 2 flows through the nozzles for atomization spraying. The atomized liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is uniform and has a large flow rate and is not easy to be blocked. The low-temperature exhaust gas enters the absorption tower 2 from the bottom of the absorption tower 2 and flows from bottom to top. It can fully contact with the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent sprayed from the top of the absorption tower 2 from top to bottom and undergo an adsorption reaction. After the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent, it is discharged into the outside atmosphere through the absorption tower 2.

[0037] The exhaust gas discharged from the vehicle engine flows through the heat exchanger 1 and then flows through the absorption tower 2, and is discharged into the outside atmosphere through the absorption tower 2. The carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas passing through the absorption tower 2 will be fully adsorbed by the sprayed liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent, which not only reduces carbon emissions and protects the ecological environment, but also the adsorbed and captured carbon dioxide can be reused for the preparation of methanol fuel.

[0038] Furthermore, the exhaust gas flows through the heat exchanger 1 before flowing through the absorption tower 2, thereby achieving the cooling treatment of the high-temperature exhaust gas. When the obtained low-temperature exhaust gas undergoes adsorption reaction with the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent, the risk of desorption of carbon dioxide adsorbed in the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent due to the influence of high temperature is avoided, thereby effectively ensuring the sufficient and reliable adsorption and capture effect of the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent on carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. In addition, the present application enriches the capture form of carbon dioxide in vehicle exhaust gas, and adds liquid capture in addition to solid capture, which can be flexibly selected according to specific vehicle models and / or application scenarios.

[0039] In certain embodiments of the present application, the carbon dioxide capture device includes a liquid storage tank 3, and a liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is contained in the liquid storage tank 3. A first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid storage tank 3 and the top of the absorption tower 2, so that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the liquid storage tank 3 is transported to the top of the absorption tower 2 through the first connecting pipe. A second connecting pipe is connected between the liquid storage tank 3 and the bottom of the absorption tower 2, so that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent dripping to the bottom of the absorption tower 2 is refluxed to the liquid storage tank 3 through the second connecting pipe.

[0040] The liquid storage tank 3 is provided to realize the cyclic spraying of the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the absorption tower 2. During each spraying process, the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent can adsorb a certain amount of carbon dioxide until the cyclic spraying is performed a sufficient number of times, so that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is saturated with adsorption.

[0041] When the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is saturated with adsorption, the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is collected in the liquid storage tank 3; at this time, a new liquid storage tank 3 can be replaced, or the position of the liquid storage tank 3 can be kept fixed and a new liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent can be replaced in the liquid storage tank 3.

[0042] In certain embodiments of the present application, the top of the absorption tower 2 has an exhaust port, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor is provided at the exhaust port. The carbon dioxide concentration sensor is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide discharged through the absorption tower 2.

[0043] It should be noted that when the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor exceeds the preset value, it means that the carbon dioxide concentration discharged through the absorption tower 2 is high, which means that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the absorption tower 2 lacks the ability to adsorb carbon dioxide, which means that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is saturated with adsorption.

[0044] When the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor exceeds a preset value, a control signal is issued to remind the driver to replace the liquid storage tank 3 with a new one or replace a new liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the liquid storage tank 3 .

[0045] In some embodiments of the present application, the liquid storage tank 3 is connected with a liquid infusion pipe and a liquid discharge pipe. The liquid storage tank 3 is filled with unsaturated liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent through the liquid infusion pipe; the saturated liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the liquid storage tank 3 is discharged to the outside of the liquid storage tank 3 through the liquid discharge pipe. As described above, the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the liquid storage tank 3 is quickly replaced, which is convenient for operation and control.

[0046] In some embodiments, the first connecting pipe is provided with a liquid pump 4. The liquid pump 4 provides power for transporting the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent from the liquid storage tank 3 to the top of the absorption tower 2, thereby ensuring a stable and reliable spraying cycle of the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the absorption tower 2.

[0047] In some embodiments, a gas pump 5 is provided on the third connecting pipe connecting the heat exchanger 1 and the absorption tower 2. The outlet of the heat exchanger 1 is connected to the gas pump 5, and the gas pump 5 extracts the exhaust gas from the heat exchanger 1 to reduce the exhaust back pressure; by providing the gas pump 5, power is provided for the transportation of the exhaust gas from the heat exchanger 1 to the bottom of the absorption tower 2, thereby ensuring the stable and reliable transportation of the exhaust gas to the absorption tower 2.

[0048] In certain embodiments of the present application, a plurality of packing layers 21 are arranged in the absorption tower 2 along the axial direction of the absorption tower 2 .

[0049] It should be noted that the packing layer 21 includes a support plate, a packing, and a pressure plate; the packing is placed on the support plate in a random pile, and a pressure plate is installed above the packing to prevent it from being blown by the rising exhaust gas. The packing is composed of multi-faceted hollow balls, Raschig rings, etc. The liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is sprayed onto the packing layer 21 and flows down along the packing layer 21.

[0050] The packing layer 21 can provide a larger surface area, so that the carbon dioxide can fully contact with the sprayed liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent, thereby improving the adsorption and capture efficiency of the carbon dioxide.

[0051] In certain embodiments of the present application, the carbon dioxide capture device includes a three-way catalytic converter 6. The three-way catalytic converter 6 is arranged upstream of the heat exchanger 1 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.

[0052] The three-way catalytic converter 6 is connected to the exhaust pipe of the vehicle engine 7. The three-way catalytic converter 6 includes a three-way catalytic carrier and a catalytically active substance dispersed on the porous structure surface of the three-way catalytic carrier; the three-way catalytic carrier is usually a porous ceramic body.

[0053] The three-way catalytic converter 6 is used to perform redox reactions on carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas and finally convert them into harmless carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen to purify the exhaust gas. The carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas after passing through the three-way catalytic converter 6 is adsorbed and captured in the absorption tower 2, and the remaining water vapor and nitrogen are directly discharged from the exhaust port at the top of the absorption tower 2 to the outside atmosphere.

[0054] The initial exhaust gas contains carbon dioxide, and the carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas flowing through the three-way catalytic converter 6 generates carbon dioxide again. The combination of the two increases the carbon dioxide content in the exhaust gas; the exhaust gas first flows through the three-way catalytic converter 6 and then flows through the absorption tower 2, ensuring the total amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed and captured in the absorption tower 2.

[0055] In summary, the present application further provides a vehicle, the vehicle comprising an engine 7 and a carbon dioxide capture device as described above, wherein an exhaust pipe of the engine 7 is connected to the carbon dioxide capture device.

[0056] Since the vehicle of the present application discloses the carbon dioxide capture device described above, the beneficial effects brought about by the carbon dioxide capture device to the vehicle can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0057] In certain embodiments of the present application, the absorption tower 2 and the liquid storage tank 3 of the carbon dioxide capture device are located behind the cab and fixed above the frame beam of the vehicle.

[0058] As described above, the absorption tower 2 and the liquid storage tank 3 are fixedly installed on the frame beam, and the absorption tower 2 and the liquid storage tank 3 will not occupy a large space volume of the vehicle.

[0059] Please refer to the attached Figure 2 In some embodiments of the present application, the vehicle includes a bracket 8. The absorption tower 2 and the liquid storage tank 3 are both fixedly mounted on the bracket 8, and the bracket 8 is fixedly mounted on the frame beam through a connecting piece.

[0060] The bracket 8 provides installation points for the connection of the absorption tower 2 and the liquid storage tank 3 on the frame beam, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the fixed installation of the absorption tower 2 and the liquid storage tank 3.

[0061] Please refer to the attached Figure 2 In some embodiments, a fixing beam 81 is provided at the bottom of the bracket 8, and the fixing beam 81 is parallel to the extension direction of the frame beam. The fixing beam 81 is placed above the frame beam. The connecting member includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion from top to bottom, the first connecting portion is fixedly connected to the fixing beam 81, and the second connecting portion is fixedly connected to the frame beam.

[0062] Please refer to the attached Figure 2 , the extension direction of the frame beam is Figure 2 The width direction of the bracket 8 is parallel to the extension direction of the frame beam, and the length direction of the bracket 8 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the frame beam. Further, along the length direction of the bracket 8, two fixed beams 81 are arranged at intervals; the connecting member is arranged on the side of the fixed beam 81 away from the other fixed beam 81.

[0063] The fixed connection between the fixed beam 81 and the frame beam is achieved by providing a connecting piece to be fixedly connected to the fixed beam 81 and the frame beam, respectively. The connecting piece provides a larger contact area for being fixedly connected to the fixed beam 81 and the frame beam, respectively, thereby increasing the reliability and stability of the bracket 8 being installed and fixed on the frame beam.

[0064] In some embodiments, the connecting member is a plate structure; the first connecting portion of the connecting member is provided with a first mounting hole, and the second connecting portion is provided with a second mounting hole. A third mounting hole is provided on the side of the fixed beam 81, and a fourth mounting hole is provided on the side of the frame beam. The first fastener is passed through the first mounting hole and the third mounting hole in sequence, and the second fastener is passed through the second mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole in sequence, so as to achieve the fixing of the bracket 8 on the frame beam.

[0065] As described above, the bracket 8 and the frame beam are detachably installed through the connecting parts, thereby realizing the detachable installation of the absorption tower 2 and the liquid storage tank 3 on the frame beam, and the disassembly, replacement and maintenance of the absorption tower 2 and the liquid storage tank 3 on the frame beam are more convenient and quick.

[0066] In certain embodiments of the present application, the vehicle includes an engine cooling system, and the coolant of the engine cooling system exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas in the heat exchanger 1 to obtain the low-temperature exhaust gas.

[0067] It should be noted that the refrigerant of the heat exchanger 1 is the coolant in the engine cooling system. The engine cooling system includes a water pump, a coolant, a radiator, a cooling fan, etc. The coolant is circulated in the engine cooling system by the water pump; the low-temperature coolant enters the components working at high temperatures (such as the engine 7 and the heat exchanger 1), and the heat is taken away by water cooling (for example, the heat exchanger 1 is a finned radiator, which separates the water circuit and the gas circuit, the water circuit is low-temperature coolant entering and high-temperature coolant exiting; the gas circuit is high-temperature exhaust gas entering and low-temperature exhaust gas exiting, realizing heat exchange between the water circuit and the pipeline), the heated high-temperature coolant finally enters the radiator of the engine cooling system, and the coolant entering the radiator is cooled by the cooling fan and the wind during vehicle operation to realize air cooling, so that the high-temperature coolant is cooled to obtain low-temperature coolant, and the low-temperature coolant re-enters the engine cooling system to work.

[0068] As mentioned above, there is no need to set up an independent refrigerant cooling circulation system for the heat exchanger 1. The high-temperature exhaust gas can be cooled by the coolant in the engine cooling system, thereby simplifying the device, optimizing the overall structure, and saving processing and manufacturing costs.

[0069] The components and devices involved in this application are only illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, and configured in the manner shown in the drawings. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, these components and devices can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. are open words, meaning "including but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with them. The words "or" and "and" used here refer to the words "and / or" and can be used interchangeably with them, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The word "such as" used here refers to the phrase "such as but not limited to", and can be used interchangeably with it.

[0070] It should also be noted that in the device of the present application, each component can be decomposed and / or reassembled, and these decompositions and / or reassemblies should be regarded as equivalent solutions of the present application.

[0071] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0072] The above description has been given for the purpose of illustration and description. In addition, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the forms disclosed herein. Although multiple example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, changes, additions and sub-combinations thereof.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide capture device, characterized in that: include: A heat exchanger (1), wherein the high-temperature exhaust gas containing carbon dioxide undergoes heat exchange in the heat exchanger (1) to obtain low-temperature exhaust gas; An absorption tower (2), wherein the low-temperature exhaust gas that has passed through the heat exchanger (1) flows into the absorption tower (2) from the bottom of the absorption tower (2), and a liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent is sprayed downward from the top of the absorption tower (2).

2. The carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide capture device comprises a liquid storage tank (3), wherein the liquid storage tank (3) contains the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent; A first connecting pipe is connected between the liquid storage tank (3) and the top of the absorption tower (2) so that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent in the liquid storage tank (3) is transported to the top of the absorption tower (2); A second connecting pipe is connected between the liquid storage tank (3) and the bottom of the absorption tower (2) so that the liquid carbon dioxide adsorbent dripping to the bottom of the absorption tower (2) can flow back to the liquid storage tank (3).

3. The carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the absorption tower (2) is provided with an exhaust port, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor is arranged at the exhaust port for detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide discharged from the absorption tower (2).

4. The carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid storage tank (3) is connected to a liquid infusion pipe and a liquid discharge pipe; and / or, The first connecting pipe is provided with a liquid pump (4); and / or, A gas pump (5) is provided on the third connecting pipe connecting the heat exchanger (1) and the absorption tower (2).

5. The carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the axial direction of the absorption tower (2), a plurality of packing layers (21) are arranged in the absorption tower (2).

6. The carbon dioxide capture device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide capture device comprises a three-way catalytic converter (6); in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, the three-way catalytic converter (6) is arranged upstream of the heat exchanger (1).

7. A vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises an engine and a carbon dioxide capture device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an exhaust pipe of the engine is connected to the carbon dioxide capture device.

8. The vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that The absorption tower (2) and the liquid storage tank (3) of the carbon dioxide capture device are located behind the cab and fixed above the frame beam of the vehicle.

9. The vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that The vehicle comprises a bracket (8), the absorption tower (2) and the liquid storage tank (3) are both fixedly mounted on the bracket (8), and the bracket (8) is fixedly mounted on the frame beam via a connecting piece.

10. The vehicle according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises an engine cooling system, wherein the coolant of the engine cooling system exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas in the heat exchanger (1) to obtain low-temperature exhaust gas.

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