Lead-free breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a lead-free breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection, which comprises the following steps: respectively arranging a plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films on two surfaces of a shielding powder filled porous aerogel layer, and tightly combining the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films with the shielding powder filled porous aerogel layer, the structural strength of the porous aerogel layer filled with the shielding powder can be enhanced, meanwhile, the mass of the protective material is reduced, and the protective emphasis and the protective effect of the protective function of the porous aerogel layer filled with the shielding powder can be enhanced according to the type and the content of the functional shielding powder; the protective property and serviceability of the porous aerogel layer filled with the enhanced shielding powder can be ensured at the same time; the functional shielding powder can enter the aerogel, and the content of the functional shielding powder is increased by utilizing the characteristic that the aerogel is porous, so that the probability that neutron rays penetrate through gaps is effectively reduced, and the shielding capability on the neutron rays is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of neutron protection, and in particular to a lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of national defense, radiation medicine, aerospace and nuclear energy industries, the use of various radiations has become increasingly widespread. Nuclear power plants release a large amount of X-rays and neutron rays in the process of energy generation. Neutron radiation has a stronger penetrating power than gamma rays and beta particles, and can penetrate deep into the human body, causing internal radiation damage. Neutron radiation can also cause DNA damage, increase the risk of cancer, affect the normal function and division of cells, and may lead to acute radiation sickness or other health problems.

[0003] The earliest neutron protection materials were metal materials such as lead plates and iron plates. Later, heavy metal lead was introduced to prepare protective glass, plate walls and rubber lead products. Traditional protective clothing not only has poor protection efficiency, but can only shield some low-energy rays. It also has poor air permeability, is bulky, and is uncomfortable to wear. Heavy metal lead poses serious hazards to both the human body and the environment.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the method for preparing porous aerogel materials in the prior art to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a method for preparing a lead-free, air-permeable, neutron protection porous aerogel material.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection, comprising: a shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, and a plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films fixedly connected to the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, wherein the plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films are respectively arranged on both sides of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, and the total thickness of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer and the plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films is 2 to 3 mm.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thicknesses of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films are consistent, and the thickness of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film is 200-500 μm.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the porous aerogel layer filled with shielding powder is 1500-2000 μm.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film is: functional shielding powder, silane coupling agent, dimethylacetamide and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the functional shielding powder includes one or more of nano-gadolinium oxide powder, metal tungsten powder and boron powder.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the functional shielding powder to the silane coupling agent is 3:1 to 5:1, the mass ratio of dimethylacetamide to the polyurethane rubber resin is 1:1 to 1:2, and the mass ratio of the functional shielding powder to the polyurethane rubber resin is 0.5:1 to 3:1.

[0012] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a lead-free, breathable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1: Disperse and dissolve the dried waste cotton fibers in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in a mass ratio of 0.05:1 to 0.15:1, heat in a water bath at 90°C for 3 to 4 hours, add dimethyl sulfoxide, stir in a water bath at 90°C for 2 to 3 hours, pour the prepared solution into a mold, freeze for 8 to 10 hours, and then freeze-dry for 20 to 24 hours to obtain a porous aerogel, and evenly apply a functional shielding powder on the surface of the porous aerogel, wherein the shielding functional powder has a diameter of 100nm to 500nm, to obtain a shielding powder-filled porous aerogel;

[0014] S2: The functional shielding powder and the silane coupling agent are uniformly mixed, and after being treated in ultrasound for 10 to 20 minutes, a dimethylacetamide solution is added dropwise, and stirred for 1 to 2 hours. After being uniformly dispersed, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is added, and the mixture is stirred evenly. The mixture is heated to 50 to 60° C. to remove dimethylacetamide, and the viscosity is adjusted to 1000 to 5000 mPa.s. After stirring for 2 to 3 hours, a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution is obtained;

[0015] S3: drying the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution in S2 at 60-70° C. to obtain a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film;

[0016] S4: punching holes in the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film in S3, with a hole diameter of 0.050-0.075 mm, a depth of 0.5-1 mm, and a spacing of 0.1 mm;

[0017] S5: placing the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film punched in S4 on the upper and lower layers of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel in S1 respectively, and hot pressing for 30 minutes at a temperature of 200-250° C. and a mechanical pressure of 10 MPa to obtain a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation process of the waste cotton fiber in S1 is: immersing the waste textile in a 0.5% H2SO4 solution for 2 hours at a temperature of 75°C, washing after immersion and drying at 60-80°C for 4-8 hours, and crushing the dried waste textile to obtain waste cotton fiber.

[0019] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the third technical solution adopted by the present invention is: application of a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection, wherein the protective porous aerogel material is used to prepare neutron ray protective clothing materials.

[0020] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The present invention provides a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection, in which a plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films are respectively arranged on both sides of a shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, and the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films are tightly combined with the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer. Compared with the prior art, the porous aerogel for neutron protection can enhance the structural strength of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer while reducing the mass of the protective material, and can enhance the protection focus and protection effect of the protective function of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer according to the type and content of the functional shielding powder, and can simultaneously ensure the protection and wearability of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, thereby solving the defect in the prior art that the shielding ability and wearability of the protective shielding material in the neutron protection process cannot be unified.

[0022] (2) In the present invention, the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film is prepared from functional shielding powder, silane coupling agent, dimethylacetamide and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. After being combined with the porous aerogel layer filled with shielding powder, the functional shielding powder can enter the aerogel. Compared with the prior art, the porous characteristics of the aerogel itself are utilized to increase the content of the functional shielding powder, and at the same time, air can circulate to help regulate body temperature and reduce the stuffiness when worn. The functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film is tightly fitted to the porous aerogel layer filled with shielding powder, which effectively reduces the probability of neutron rays penetrating from the gap, thereby greatly improving the shielding ability against neutron rays.

[0023] (3) In the present invention, by punching holes in the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film, air circulation can be increased, and a close bond between the shielding powder and the polyurethane elastomer film can be ensured during the subsequent hot pressing process. Compared with the prior art, the air permeability and moisture permeability of the material can be improved while ensuring the stability of the material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a method step diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a structural exploded diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] In the figure: 100, functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film; 200, shielding powder filled porous aerogel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0031] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise specified, "several" means two or more.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection comprises: a shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, and a plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films fixedly connected to the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, the plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films being respectively arranged on both sides of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, and the total thickness of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer and the plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films is 2 to 3 mm.

[0034] The thickness of the several thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films is the same, and the thickness of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film is 200 to 500 μm.

[0035] The thickness of the porous aerogel layer filled with shielding powder is 1500-2000 μm.

[0036] The raw materials of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film are: functional shielding powder, silane coupling agent, dimethylacetamide and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.

[0037] The functional shielding powder includes one or more of nano gadolinium oxide powder, metal tungsten powder and boron powder.

[0038] The mass ratio of the functional shielding powder to the silane coupling agent is 3:1-5:1, the mass ratio of dimethylacetamide to the polyurethane rubber resin is 1:1-1:2, and the mass ratio of the functional shielding powder to the polyurethane rubber resin is 0.5:1-3:1.

[0039] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second set of technical solutions adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a lead-free, breathable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1: Immerse the waste textile in a 0.5% H2SO4 solution for 2 hours at a temperature of 75°C. After immersion, wash the waste textile and dry it at 60-80°C for 4-8 hours. Crush the dried waste textile to obtain waste cotton fibers.

[0041] Disperse and dissolve the dried waste cotton fibers in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in a mass ratio of 0.05:1 to 0.15:1, heat in a water bath at 90°C for 3 to 4 hours, add dimethyl sulfoxide, stir in a water bath at 90°C for 2 to 3 hours, pour the prepared solution into a mold, freeze for 8 to 10 hours, and then freeze-dry for 20 to 24 hours to obtain a porous aerogel, and evenly apply a functional shielding powder on the surface of the porous aerogel, with a shielding functional powder having a diameter of 100nm to 500nm, to obtain a shielding powder-filled porous aerogel;

[0042] S2: The functional shielding powder and the silane coupling agent are uniformly mixed, and after being treated in ultrasound for 10 to 20 minutes, a dimethylacetamide solution is added dropwise, and stirred for 1 to 2 hours. After being uniformly dispersed, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is added, and the mixture is stirred evenly. The mixture is heated to 50 to 60° C. to remove dimethylacetamide, and the viscosity is adjusted to 1000 to 5000 mPa.s. After stirring for 2 to 3 hours, a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution is obtained;

[0043] S3: drying the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution in S2 at 60-70° C. to obtain a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film, wherein the thickness of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film is 200-500 μm;

[0044] S4: Punch holes in the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film in S3, with a hole diameter of 0.050-0.075 mm, a depth of 0.3-0.5 mm, and a spacing of 0.1 mm; the holes can allow air to circulate, increase the air permeability and moisture permeability of the material and the comfort of the wearer, and provide convenience for long-term wearing.

[0045] S5: The functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film after punching in S4 is placed on the upper and lower layers of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel in S1, respectively, and hot-pressed at a temperature of 200-250° C. and a mechanical pressure of 10 MPa for 30 min to obtain a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection.

[0046] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the third technical solution adopted by the present invention is: application of a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection, wherein the protective porous aerogel material is used to prepare neutron ray protective clothing materials.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] This embodiment provides a lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection.

[0049] A porous aerogel material for lead-free breathable neutron protection is composed of a porous aerogel layer filled with shielding powder and a plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films fixedly connected to the porous aerogel layer filled with shielding powder. The thickness of the porous aerogel material is 2.5 mm. The shielding powder filled porous aerogel layer is 2 mm thick and is the base material of the porous aerogel material for lead-free breathable neutron protection; the raw materials of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film are composed of functional powder, silane coupling agent, dimethylacetamide and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, wherein the functional powder includes nano-gadolinium oxide powder, metal tungsten powder and boron powder, the mass ratio of the functional powder to the silane coupling agent is 3:1, the mass ratio of dimethylacetamide to the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is 1:1, and the mass ratio of the functional powder to the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is 2:1; the thickness is 250 μm.

[0050] A method for preparing a lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection comprises the following steps:

[0051] S1: Immerse the waste textile in a 0.5% H2SO4 solution for 2 hours at a temperature of 75°C. After immersion, wash the waste textile and dry it at 60°C for 5 hours. Crush the dried waste textile to obtain waste cotton fibers.

[0052] Disperse and dissolve the dried waste cotton fiber in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, heat in a water bath at 90°C for 3h, add dimethyl sulfoxide, stir in a water bath at 90°C for 2h, freeze for 8h, the mass ratio of waste cotton fiber, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide is 3:50:125, and then freeze-dry for 20h to obtain porous aerogel, and evenly apply functional shielding powder on the surface of the porous aerogel, the diameter of the shielding functional powder is 100nm, and the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel is obtained;

[0053] S2: The functional shielding powder and the silane coupling agent are uniformly mixed, 8 g of the functional shielding powder and 3 g of the silane coupling agent, and after ultrasonic treatment for 15 min, 8 g of dimethylacetamide solution is added dropwise, and stirred for 1.5 hours. After uniform dispersion, 16 g of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is added, and the mixture is stirred evenly. The mixture is heated to 60°C to remove dimethylacetamide, and the viscosity is adjusted to 3020 mPa.s. After stirring for 3 hours, a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution is obtained;

[0054] S3: drying the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution in S2 at 70° C. to obtain a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film, wherein the thickness of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film is 250 μm;

[0055] S4: punch holes in the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film in S3, with a hole diameter of 0.050 mm, a depth of 0.25 mm, and a spacing of 0.1 mm;

[0056] S5: The functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film after punching in S4 is placed on the upper and lower layers of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel in S1 respectively, and a gasket is added. It is hot-pressed at a temperature of 220°C and a mechanical pressure of 10 MPa for 30 minutes to obtain a lead-free, breathable neutron protection porous aerogel material with a thickness of 2 mm, a gadolinium content of 1.83 mmol / cm-3, a shielding efficiency for thermal neutrons of 91.3%, and an air permeability of 54 mm / s, 100 Pa. The test method is in accordance with GB / T10655-2003 "Determination of air permeability of polymer porous elastic materials".

[0057] Embodiment 2

[0058] This embodiment provides a lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection.

[0059] A porous aerogel material for lead-free breathable neutron protection is composed of a porous aerogel layer filled with shielding powder and a plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films fixedly connected to the porous aerogel layer filled with shielding powder. The thickness of the porous aerogel material is 2 mm. The shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer is 2 mm thick and is the base material of the porous aerogel material for lead-free breathable neutron protection; the raw materials of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film are composed of functional powder, silane coupling agent, dimethylacetamide and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, wherein the functional powder includes nano-gadolinium oxide powder, metal tungsten powder and boron powder, the mass ratio of the functional powder to the silane coupling agent is 3:1, the mass ratio of dimethylacetamide to the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is 1:1, and the mass ratio of the functional powder to the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is 2:1; the thickness is 400 μm.

[0060] A method for preparing a lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection comprises the following steps:

[0061] S1: Immerse the waste textile in a 0.5% H2SO4 solution for 2 hours at a temperature of 75°C. After immersion, wash the waste textile and dry it at 70°C for 4 hours. Crush the dried waste textile to obtain waste cotton fibers.

[0062] Disperse and dissolve the dried waste cotton fiber in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, heat in a water bath at 90°C for 3h, add dimethyl sulfoxide, stir in a water bath at 90°C for 2h, freeze for 10h, the mass ratio of waste cotton fiber, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide is 3:50:125, and then freeze-dry for 20h to obtain porous aerogel, and evenly apply functional shielding powder on the surface of the porous aerogel, the diameter of the shielding functional powder is 100nm, and the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel is obtained;

[0063] S2: The functional shielding powder and the silane coupling agent are uniformly mixed, the functional shielding powder is 9g, the silane coupling agent is 2g, and after being treated in ultrasound for 15min, 6g of dimethylacetamide solution is added dropwise, and stirred for 2 hours. After being evenly dispersed, 12g of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is added, and the mixture is stirred evenly. The mixture is heated to 60°C to remove dimethylacetamide, the viscosity is adjusted to 3469mPa.s, and stirring is continued for 3h to obtain a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution;

[0064] S3: drying the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution in S2 at 70° C. to obtain a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film, wherein the thickness of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film is 400 μm;

[0065] S4: Punch holes in the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film in S3, with a hole diameter of 0.050 mm, a depth of 0.4 mm, and a spacing of 0.1 mm;

[0066] S5: The functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film after punching in S4 is placed on the upper and lower layers of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel in S1 respectively, and a gasket is added. It is hot-pressed at a temperature of 220°C and a mechanical pressure of 10 MPa for 30 minutes to obtain a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection with a thickness of 2.5 mm, a gadolinium content of 1.64 mmol / cm-3, a shielding efficiency for thermal neutrons of 88.3%, and an air permeability of 47 mm / s, 100 Pa. The test method is in accordance with GB / T10655-2003 "Determination of air permeability of polymer porous elastic materials".

[0067] It can be seen from Example 1 and Example 2 that the prepared lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection has excellent neutron shielding rate and air permeability.

[0068] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection, characterized in that: include: A shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, and a plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films fixedly connected to the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, the plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films are respectively arranged on both sides of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer, the total thickness of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer and the plurality of functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films is 2 to 3 mm, and functional shielding powder is arranged on the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel layer.

2. The lead-free, breathable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films is consistent, and the thickness of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer films is 200-500 μm.

3. The lead-free, breathable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the porous aerogel layer filled with the shielding powder is 1500-2000 μm.

4. The lead-free, breathable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film are: functional shielding powder, silane coupling agent, dimethylacetamide and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.

5. The lead-free, breathable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection according to claim 4, characterized in that: The functional shielding powder includes one or more of nano-gadolinium oxide powder, metal tungsten powder and boron powder.

6. A lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection according to any one of claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the functional shielding powder to the silane coupling agent is 3:1 to 5:1, the mass ratio of the dimethylacetamide to the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is 1:1 to 1:2, and the mass ratio of the functional shielding powder to the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is 0.5:1 to 3:

1.

7. A method for preparing a lead-free, air-permeable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection, based on the lead-free, air-permeable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Disperse and dissolve waste cotton fibers in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in a mass ratio of 0.05:1 to 0.15:1, heat in a water bath at 90°C for 3 to 4 hours, add dimethyl sulfoxide, the mass ratio of dimethyl sulfoxide to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is 2.2:1 to 3:1, stir in a water bath at 90°C for 2 to 3 hours, pour the prepared solution into a mold, freeze for 8 to 10 hours, the freezing temperature is -100°C to -60°C, and then freeze-dry for 20 to 24 hours to obtain a porous aerogel, and evenly apply a functional shielding powder on the surface of the porous aerogel, the mass ratio of the functional shielding powder to the porous aerogel is 5:1 to 8:1, the application time is 5 to 10 minutes, the diameter of the shielding functional powder is 100nm to 500nm, and a shielding powder-filled porous aerogel is obtained; S2: The functional shielding powder and the silane coupling agent are uniformly mixed, and after ultrasonic treatment for 10 to 20 minutes, dimethylacetamide is added dropwise, and the mass ratio of dimethylacetamide to thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is 1:1 to 1:2, and stirred for 1 to 2 hours. After uniform dispersion, the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer is added, and the stirring is continued to be uniform. The temperature is raised to 50 to 60° C. to remove dimethylacetamide, and the viscosity is adjusted to 1000 to 5000 mPa.s. After continuing to stir for 2 to 3 hours, a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution is obtained; S3: drying the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer solution in S2 at 60-70° C. for 3-6 hours to obtain a functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film; S4: punching holes in the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film in S3, with a hole diameter of 0.050-0.075 mm, a depth of 0.5-1 mm, and a spacing of 0.1 mm; S5: placing the functional thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer film punched in S4 on the upper and lower layers of the shielding powder-filled porous aerogel in S1 respectively, and hot pressing for 30 minutes at a temperature of 200-250° C. and a mechanical pressure of 10 MPa to obtain a lead-free, breathable porous aerogel material for neutron protection.

8. The method for preparing a lead-free, air-permeable porous aerogel material for neutron protection according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation process of the waste cotton fiber in S1 is as follows: the waste textile is immersed in a 0.5% H2SO4 solution for 2 hours at a temperature of 75°C, and after the immersion, the waste textile is washed and dried at 60-80°C for 4-8 hours, and the dried waste textile is crushed to obtain waste cotton fiber.

9. Application of a lead-free, air-permeable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection, based on the lead-free, air-permeable, porous aerogel material for neutron protection according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The protective porous aerogel material is used for preparing neutron ray protective clothing material.

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