Activated carbon activation process
By using hot air preheating and multi-gas treatment in the activated carbon activation process, combined with dynamic turnover technology in the activation chamber, the problem of high energy consumption of the existing activation process is solved, the adsorption capacity and activation efficiency of activated carbon are improved, and harmful gas emissions are reduced .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411244552.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-10
AI Technical Summary
In the existing activated carbon activation process, the high temperature required by the physical activation method leads to greater energy consumption, affecting the environment and economy.
By screening the preset specification raw material carbon and blowing hot air to preheat during the screening process, nitrogen and water vapor are then introduced into the two stages of activation chambers, temperature and gas reaction time are controlled, combined with oxygen treatment to form a microporous structure, and Dynamically turn raw material charcoal in the activation chamber to reduce activation time.
It reduces energy consumption, improves the adsorption capacity and activation efficiency of activated carbon, and at the same time reduces harmful gases in the exhaust gas, improving the quality and energy utilization of activated carbon.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of activated carbon production, and in particular to an activated carbon activation process. Background Art
[0002] When making activated carbon, the raw materials are first screened and then carbonized. The carbonization process is a reaction under high temperature and oxygen-deficient conditions. The temperature and time of carbonization are key factors affecting the void structure and surface activity of the activated carbon. After carbonization, activation treatment is performed to expose the carbonized product to air or steam to increase the surface activity and void structure of the activated carbon, so as to improve its adsorption capacity. After activation treatment, the product is washed and dried to remove impurities and moisture on its surface to purify and dry the activated carbon.
[0003] Existing activation methods include the aforementioned physical activation in water vapor, and activation using chemical reagents in an alkaline or acidic environment. Physical activation is widely used because of its low environmental pollution, but this activation method requires high temperature, resulting in high energy consumption. Summary of the invention
[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides an activated carbon activation process to solve the aforementioned problems in the prior art.
[0005] The present invention provides an activated carbon activation process, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Screening raw carbon within a preset specification range, and blowing hot air of a preset temperature to the raw carbon according to the specifications of the raw carbon during the screening process;
[0007] Put the preheated raw carbon into a first activation chamber, adjust the temperature in the first activation chamber, introduce nitrogen into the first activation chamber when the temperature in the first activation chamber rises to 650° C.-750° C., and stop introducing nitrogen when the temperature in the first activation chamber reaches 750° C.-860° C.;
[0008] Transfer the raw carbon in the first activation chamber into the second activation chamber, introduce water vapor into the second activation chamber, the water vapor temperature range is: 300°C-350°C, stop introducing water vapor after the first preset reaction time, and introduce nitrogen and oxygen into the second activation chamber, stop introducing oxygen after the second preset reaction time, and continue to introduce nitrogen until the carbon is discharged from the furnace;
[0009] Controlling the raw carbon at the bottom layer in the first activation chamber to turn out toward the top layer, and the raw carbon outside the first activation chamber to turn out toward the center of the first activation chamber in the first activation chamber; Controlling the raw carbon at the bottom layer in the second activation chamber to turn out toward the top layer, and the raw carbon outside the second activation chamber to turn out toward the center of the second activation chamber within the first preset time and the second preset time;
[0010] The product out of the furnace is passed into the second for washing, drying and dehydration.
[0011] Optionally, the washing process includes acid washing or alkali washing, followed by water washing.
[0012] Optionally, before the product comes out of the furnace, waste gas is collected and passed into a condenser to precipitate tar and collect it.
[0013] Optionally, when the temperature in the first activation chamber reaches 750° C.-860° C., potassium hydroxide gas is introduced into the first activation chamber, and the raw carbon is transferred to the second activation chamber after reacting for a preset time.
[0014] Optionally, the drying and dehydration further includes screening, crushing and classification.
[0015] Optionally, the screening process is configured to separate products into different types according to their volumes; determine the crushing method and degree of crushing according to the screening type; and classify them into different products according to the degree of crushing.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0017] The activated carbon activation process of the present invention comprises the following steps: firstly, raw carbon of a certain specification and size is screened; during the screening process, hot air is blown to the raw carbon to preheat the raw carbon, and the preheating can reduce the heating time of the raw carbon in the subsequent activation; then, the preheated raw carbon is introduced into a first activation chamber, and the internal temperature of the first activation chamber is adjusted; when the temperature in the first activation chamber rises to 650° C.-750° C., nitrogen is introduced into the first activation chamber, and the nitrogen can discharge the impurity gas in the first activation chamber, and reduce the reaction between the raw carbon and the impurity gas in the first activation chamber and the influence on the subsequent activation effect; when the temperature in the first activation chamber reaches 850° C. or 860° C., the raw carbon is introduced into a second activation chamber, Water vapor is introduced into the second activation chamber. After a certain period of reaction, the introduction of water vapor is stopped, and then nitrogen and oxygen are introduced into the second activation chamber. Because the gas generated by the reaction of water vapor and charcoal contains carbon monoxide, the introduction of oxygen can make the char on the surface of the raw charcoal react with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide gas and then form more micropores, thereby achieving the effect of activating the surface of the raw charcoal; in addition, the introduced oxygen reacts with the generated carbon monoxide to generate carbon dioxide, which can reduce the impact of excessive carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas on the environment; in addition, carbon monoxide reacts with the generated hydrogen to generate water, and the water attached to the surface of the raw charcoal can further participate in the activation process, reducing energy waste.
[0018] Moreover, when the raw carbon is processed in the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber, the corresponding mechanisms in the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber turn the raw carbon at the bottom layer of the chamber to the top layer, and turn the raw carbon on the periphery to the middle of the activation chamber, that is, the dynamic existence of the raw carbon in the activation chamber is controlled, so that the time required for all the raw carbon to be fully activated is reduced, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving the quality and efficiency of the raw carbon activation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The technical solutions in the application embodiments will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the application embodiments. In addition, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0020] It should also be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity from another entity, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the article or terminal device including the elements.
[0021] When making activated carbon, the raw materials are first screened and then carbonized. The carbonization process is a reaction under high temperature and oxygen-deficient conditions. The temperature and time of carbonization are key factors affecting the void structure and surface activity of the activated carbon. After carbonization, activation treatment is performed to expose the carbonized product to air or steam to increase the surface activity and void structure of the activated carbon, so as to improve its adsorption capacity; after activation treatment, the product is washed and dried to remove impurities and moisture on its surface to purify and dry the activated carbon. Existing activation methods include the aforementioned physical activation in water vapor, and activation using chemical reagents in an alkaline or acidic environment. Physical activation is widely used because of its low environmental pollution, but this activation method requires a high temperature, resulting in high energy consumption. Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention provides an activated carbon activation process to solve the problem of high energy consumption in the aforementioned activation process. The activation process will be described in detail below.
[0022] An activated carbon activation process comprises the following steps:
[0023] Screening raw carbon within a preset specification range, and blowing hot air of a preset temperature to the raw carbon according to the specifications of the raw carbon during the screening process;
[0024] Put the preheated raw carbon into a first activation chamber, adjust the temperature in the first activation chamber, introduce nitrogen into the first activation chamber when the temperature in the first activation chamber rises to 650° C.-750° C., and stop introducing nitrogen when the temperature in the first activation chamber reaches 750° C.-860° C.;
[0025] Transfer the raw carbon in the first activation chamber into the second activation chamber, introduce water vapor into the second activation chamber, the water vapor temperature range is: 300°C-350°C, stop introducing water vapor after the first preset reaction time, and introduce nitrogen and oxygen into the second activation chamber, stop introducing oxygen after the second preset reaction time, and continue to introduce nitrogen until the carbon is discharged from the furnace;
[0026] Controlling the raw carbon at the bottom layer in the first activation chamber to turn out toward the top layer, and the raw carbon outside the first activation chamber to turn out toward the center of the first activation chamber in the first activation chamber; Controlling the raw carbon at the bottom layer in the second activation chamber to turn out toward the top layer, and the raw carbon outside the second activation chamber to turn out toward the center of the second activation chamber within the first preset time and the second preset time;
[0027] The product out of the furnace is passed into the second for washing, drying and dehydration.
[0028] As described above, the activated carbon activation process of the present invention first screens raw carbon of a certain size, blows hot air to the raw carbon during the screening process to preheat the raw carbon, and the preheating can reduce the heating time of the raw carbon during subsequent activation, and then passes the preheated raw carbon into the first activation chamber, adjusts the internal temperature of the first activation chamber, and introduces nitrogen into the first activation chamber when the temperature rises to 650°C-750°C. The nitrogen can discharge the impurity gas in the first activation chamber, and reduce the reaction of the raw carbon in the first activation chamber with the impurity gas to affect the subsequent activation effect; when the temperature in the first activation chamber reaches 850°C or 860°C, the raw carbon is passed into the second activation chamber. chamber, and water vapor is introduced into the second activation chamber. After a certain period of reaction, the introduction of water vapor is stopped, and nitrogen and oxygen are introduced into the second activation chamber. Because the gas generated by the reaction of water vapor and char contains carbon monoxide, the introduction of oxygen can make the char on the surface of the raw char react with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide gas and then form more micropores, thereby achieving the effect of activating the surface of the raw charcoal; in addition, the introduced oxygen reacts with the generated carbon monoxide to generate carbon dioxide, which can reduce the impact of excessive carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas on the environment; in addition, carbon monoxide reacts with the generated hydrogen to generate water, and the water attached to the surface of the raw charcoal can further participate in the activation process, reducing energy waste.
[0029] Moreover, when the raw carbon is processed in the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber, the corresponding mechanisms in the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber turn the raw carbon at the bottom layer of the chamber to the top layer, and turn the raw carbon on the periphery to the middle of the activation chamber, that is, the dynamic existence of the raw carbon in the activation chamber is controlled, so that the time required for all the raw carbon to be fully activated is reduced, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving the quality and efficiency of the raw carbon activation.
[0030] After activation in the second activation chamber, the activated raw carbon is passed into the washing equipment for washing to remove impurities on the surface of the activated carbon. In addition, the carbon foam precipitated in the micropores on the surface of the activated carbon is removed. After washing, the activated carbon is dried to prevent the storage and use performance of the activated carbon from being affected by the lack of drying.
[0031] The aforementioned cleaning includes first using acid washing or alkali washing, that is, acidic solution or alkaline solution, and then using clean water to remove residual acidic and alkaline impurities. It should be noted that the acid and alkali here can be adjusted according to the actual use of activated carbon and the type of activated carbon carbonization, and this embodiment does not make specific restrictions on this.
[0032] In addition, in this embodiment, before the product is discharged from the furnace, the waste gas is collected and passed into a condenser to separate out tar and collect it. After the drying and dehydration, screening, crushing and classification are also included. The screening process is set to classify the product into different types according to its volume; the crushing method and degree are determined according to the type of screening; and different products are classified according to the degree of crushing.
[0033] In this embodiment, in addition to carbon dioxide, nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide, the exhaust gas also includes flue gas components generated when carbon is carbonized. These components exist in the form of black tar after condensation. This part of black tar can be collected and used as raw materials in other processes, thereby increasing energy utilization; the activated carbon after dehydration needs to be classified according to the degree of activation, and different types of activated carbon blocks need to be broken into target sizes and classified by size. After classification, they can be packaged and stored, waiting for transportation.
[0034] In some embodiments, potassium hydroxide gas is introduced into the first activation chamber when the temperature in the first activation chamber reaches 750° C.-860° C., and the raw carbon is transferred into the second activation chamber after reacting for a preset time.
[0035] In this embodiment, the added potassium hydroxide gas can react with the raw carbon, so that part of the carbon on the raw carbon is consumed, and the generated potassium exists in the form of gas. The gas generated after the reaction diffuses from the carbon layer of the raw carbon, so that a large number of micropores are formed between the carbon layers of the activated carbon, which further promotes the subsequent introduction of water vapor, so that the water vapor can diffuse rapidly in the activated carbon, reducing the time for water vapor diffusion and accelerating the efficiency of water vapor activation. Water vapor reacts with the raw carbon to create more abundant micropores, thereby reducing the amount of water vapor passing through, that is, this embodiment increases the surface and internal micropores of the activated carbon, prepares activated carbon with a high specific surface area, and improves the activation level of the activated carbon.
[0036] Of course, the aforementioned potassium hydroxide may be replaced by other catalysts that can react with carbon to generate gas under certain conditions, and the specific embodiments will not be described in detail here.
[0037] Finally, the present invention provides an activated carbon activation process, including using hot air to blow the raw carbon to screen it and achieve the effect of preheating at the same time; then putting the preheated raw carbon into a first activation chamber, introducing nitrogen when the temperature is below 750°C, transferring to a second activation chamber when the temperature reaches 860°C, introducing water vapor into the second activation chamber, and the water vapor temperature range is: 300°C-350°C. After the first preset reaction time, the introduction of water vapor is stopped, and nitrogen and oxygen are introduced into the second activation chamber. After the second preset reaction time, the introduction of oxygen is stopped, and nitrogen is continuously introduced until it is taken out of the furnace, wherein during the processing time in the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber, the raw carbon at the bottom layer is turned toward the top layer, and the raw carbon outside the activation chamber is turned toward the center of the activation chamber, so that the raw carbon exists dynamically in the activation chamber, which reduces the time for the raw carbon to be fully activated, reduces energy consumption, and improves the quality and efficiency of the raw carbon activation.
[0038] It should be noted that the above embodiments all belong to the same inventive concept, and the descriptions of the embodiments have different focuses. For the parts not described in detail in the individual embodiments, reference can be made to the descriptions in other embodiments. The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.
[0039] The above embodiments only express the implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.
Claims
1. An activated carbon activation process, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Screening raw carbon within a preset specification range, and blowing hot air of a preset temperature to the raw carbon according to the specifications of the raw carbon during the screening process; Put the preheated raw carbon into a first activation chamber, adjust the temperature in the first activation chamber, introduce nitrogen into the first activation chamber when the temperature in the first activation chamber rises to 650° C.-750° C., and stop introducing nitrogen when the temperature in the first activation chamber reaches 750° C.-860° C.; Transfer the raw carbon in the first activation chamber into the second activation chamber, introduce water vapor into the second activation chamber, the water vapor temperature range is: 300°C-350°C, stop introducing water vapor after the first preset reaction time, and introduce nitrogen and oxygen into the second activation chamber, stop introducing oxygen after the second preset reaction time, and continue to introduce nitrogen until the carbon is discharged from the furnace; Controlling the raw carbon at the bottom layer in the first activation chamber to turn out toward the top layer, and the raw carbon outside the first activation chamber to turn out toward the center of the first activation chamber in the first activation chamber; Controlling the raw carbon at the bottom layer in the second activation chamber to turn out toward the top layer, and the raw carbon outside the second activation chamber to turn out toward the center of the second activation chamber within the first preset time and the second preset time; The product out of the furnace is passed into the second for washing, drying and dehydration.
2. The activated carbon activation process according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The washing process includes acid washing or alkali washing, and then water washing is used after the acid washing or alkali washing.
3. The activated carbon activation process according to claim 2, It is characterized in that Before the product comes out of the furnace, the waste gas is collected and passed into a condenser to separate out tar and collect it.
4. The activated carbon activation process according to claim 1, It is characterized in that When the temperature in the first activation chamber reaches 750° C.-860° C., potassium hydroxide gas is introduced into the first activation chamber, and after a preset reaction time, the raw carbon is transferred to the second activation chamber.
5. The activated carbon activation process according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The drying and dehydration process also includes screening, crushing and classification.
6. The activated carbon activation process according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The screening process is configured to classify products into different types according to their volumes; determine the crushing method and crushing degree according to the screening type; and classify products into different types according to the crushing degree.