Flaxseed processing and extracting technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flaxseed processing, and particularly discloses a flaxseed processing and extracting process, which comprises the following steps: firstly, removing flaxseed gum from flaxseeds by a hydrothermal method, extracting by using supercritical CO2 to obtain crude flaxseed oil and flaxseed meal, refining the crude flaxseed oil to obtain flaxseed oil, and drying to obtain flaxseed oil; flaxseed protein, flaxseed soluble dietary fibers and flaxseed insoluble dietary fibers are separated from the flaxseed meal through an enzymolysis method, so that the utilization rate and economic benefits of the flaxseeds are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of flaxseed processing, in particular to a flaxseed processing and extraction process. Background Art

[0002] Flaxseed is one of the main oil crops in my country, with high nutritional value and health care functions. The nutrients in flaxseed mainly include flaxseed oil, flaxseed protein and flax dietary fiber. In flaxseed, the flaxseed oil content is about 45%, the flaxseed protein content is about 20%, and the flax dietary fiber content is about 25%. At present, the utilization of flaxseed in my country is relatively weak, mostly for extracting flaxseed oil. The flaxseed meal after oil extraction is rich in dietary fiber and protein. Other ingredients include residual flaxseed oil, lignans, vitamins, etc. These flaxseed meals are generally used as animal feed, which undoubtedly causes a great waste of resources. Therefore, an extraction process is developed to extract flaxseed oil, flaxseed protein and flaxseed dietary fiber from flaxseed, which is of great significance to improve the utilization rate of flaxseed resources and improve the economic benefits of flaxseed. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a flax seed processing and extraction process, which can effectively extract and utilize flax seed oil, flax seed protein and flax dietary fiber from flax seeds, and has important significance for improving the utilization rate of flax seed resources and improving the economic benefits of flax seeds.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A flaxseed processing and extraction process, the extraction process is:

[0006] Flax seeds were de-glued by hydrothermal method and then crushed into flax seed powder. 2 The extraction technology is used to extract flaxseed powder to obtain crude flaxseed oil and flaxseed meal. The crude flaxseed oil is refined to obtain flaxseed oil. The flaxseed meal is subjected to two enzymatic hydrolysis treatments to obtain flaxseed protein and flaxseed dietary fiber.

[0007] As a limitation of the present invention, the process of removing linseed gum by hydrothermal method is specifically as follows:

[0008] Wash the flax seeds, sieve out the empty shells and moldy parts in the flax seeds, mix with deionized water in an amount of 2.0 to 4.0 times the mass of the flax seeds, heat to 75 to 85°C, soak for 0.5 to 1.5 hours, stir continuously during the soaking process, filter out the flax seeds after the soaking is completed, add deionized water in an amount of 2.0 to 4.0 times the mass of the flax seeds again to soak, soak three times in total, filter out the flax seeds after soaking three times, dry at 50 to 70°C to obtain degummed flax seeds, and concentrate the filtrate after soaking three times, spray dry to obtain flax seed gum.

[0009] As a limitation of the present invention, supercritical CO 2 The specific process of extracting flaxseed powder is as follows:

[0010] The degummed flax seeds are crushed and sieved to obtain flax seed powder, which is then placed in a sealed container and emptied using CO 2 Supercritical extraction of linseed oil, supercritical extraction time is 1.5-2.5h, extraction temperature is 35-45℃, extraction pressure is 2.0-4.0MPa, CO 2 The flow rate is 20-30 kg / h. After the extraction is completed, the CO in the linseed oil is removed by decompression. 2 , filtered to obtain crude linseed oil and linseed meal.

[0011] As a limitation of the present invention, the process of refining crude linseed oil is specifically as follows:

[0012] Heat the crude linseed oil to 55-65°C, add phosphoric acid aqueous solution, stir until flocculent precipitation appears in the crude oil, then stop stirring, cool to 5-10°C, let stand for 0.5-1.5h, centrifuge to remove oil gum in the crude linseed oil, heat to 35-45°C after centrifugation for preheating, add sodium hydroxide solution, react at 65-75°C for 20-40min, add activated white clay after the reaction is completed, stir evenly, heat to 80-100°C, adsorb for 5-15min, cool after adsorption, centrifuge, and vacuum dry the oil sample to obtain linseed oil.

[0013] As a limitation of the present invention, when refining crude linseed oil, the amounts of the components used are, by mass, 93.0 to 97.0 parts of crude linseed oil, 4.0 to 6.0 parts of aqueous phosphoric acid solution, 4.0 to 6.0 parts of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and 2.0 to 3.0 parts of activated clay.

[0014] As a limitation of the present invention, the process of twice enzymatic hydrolysis of flaxseed meal is specifically as follows:

[0015] The flaxseed meal is crushed and sieved to obtain flaxseed meal powder, the flaxseed meal powder is mixed with deionized water, a protein separation enzyme is added, a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution is used to adjust the pH, and the mixture is heated in a water bath at 40 to 60° C. for 2 to 4 hours to perform an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating is completed, the temperature is raised to 95 to 105° C. and maintained for 5 to 15 minutes to inactivate the protein separation enzyme, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged to obtain a filtrate and deproteinized flaxseed meal, the filtrate is dialyzed to remove small molecular impurities, and vacuum freeze-dried to obtain flaxseed protein;

[0016] The deproteinized flaxseed meal is mixed with deionized water, fiber separation enzyme is added, disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution is used to adjust the pH, and the mixture is heated in a water bath at 40-60° C. for 2-4 hours to perform enzymatic hydrolysis. After the water bath heating is completed, the mixture is heated to 95-105° C. and maintained for 5-15 minutes to inactivate the fiber separation enzyme. The mixture is cooled to room temperature and centrifuged. The filtrate is concentrated and spray-dried, and then mixed with flaxseed gum obtained in the flaxseed degumming process to obtain flaxseed soluble dietary fiber. The filter residue is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain flaxseed insoluble dietary fiber.

[0017] As a limitation of the present invention, when enzymatically hydrolyzing flaxseed meal, the protein separation enzyme used is a combination of one or more of alkaline protease, papain, and α-amylase, and the mass ratio of flaxseed meal powder, protein separation enzyme, and deionized water is (5.5-6.5):(0.10-0.15):(92.0-94.0).

[0018] As a limitation of the present invention, when separating dietary fiber, the fiber separating enzyme used is a combination of one or more of pectinase, cellulase, and hemicellulase, and the mass ratio of deproteinized flaxseed powder, deionized water and fiber separating enzyme is (2.5-3.0):(0.04-0.06):(96.0-98.0).

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] Before extracting flaxseed oil, flaxseed is treated by hydrothermal method, which can not only separate most of the soluble dietary fiber-flaxseed gum in flaxseed, avoid the combination of flaxseed gum and flaxseed protein, and affect the extraction rate of flaxseed protein, but also reduce the content of cyanogenic glycosides in flaxseed, reduce the impurity content in the extracted flaxseed oil, and facilitate the subsequent processing of flaxseed. 2 Extracting flaxseed oil using extraction technology can retain as much α-linolenic acid, which is beneficial to humans, as possible in the flaxseed oil, thereby improving the nutritional value of flaxseed oil.

[0021] Using protein separation enzyme to process flaxseed meal and separate flaxseed protein can avoid protein denaturation and retain more nutritional value. In addition, the pH of the two enzyme treatments is different. Using protein separation enzyme first can avoid the combination of flaxseed protein and flaxseed dietary fiber under acidic conditions, thereby reducing the extraction rate of flaxseed protein and flaxseed dietary fiber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Flaxseed was self-produced, and cellulase (400U / mg), pectinase (30U / mg), alkaline protease (200U / mg), papain (400U / mg), and α-amylase (3700U / g) were provided by Beijing Biotoda.

[0024] Example 1: A flaxseed processing and extraction process, specifically:

[0025] Step 1: Flaxseed degumming

[0026] Wash the flax seeds, sieve out the empty shells and moldy parts in the flax seeds, mix with deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds, heat to 80°C, soak for 1 hour, stir continuously during the soaking process, filter out the flax seeds after the soaking is completed, add deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds to soak again, soak for 3 times in total, filter out the flax seeds after soaking 3 times, dry at 60°C to obtain degummed flax seeds, concentrate the filtrate after soaking 3 times, spray dry to obtain flax seed gum.

[0027] Step 2: Extracting linseed oil

[0028] The degummed flax seeds were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flax seed powder. The flax seed powder was placed in a sealed container and sieved using CO. 2 Supercritical extraction of linseed oil, set the supercritical extraction time to 2h, extraction temperature to 40℃, extraction pressure to 3MPa, CO 2 The flow rate is 25kg / h. After the extraction is completed, the CO in the linseed oil is removed by decompression. 2 , filtered to obtain linseed oil and linseed meal.

[0029] Step 3: Linseed Oil Treatment

[0030] According to the mass fraction, 95 parts of crude linseed oil are heated to 60°C, 5 parts of 10% phosphoric acid aqueous solution are added, stirring is stopped after flocculent precipitation appears in the crude oil, the crude oil is cooled to 8°C, and the crude oil is allowed to stand for 1 hour. The oil gum in the crude linseed oil is removed by centrifugation, the crude oil is heated to 40°C for preheating after centrifugation, a sodium hydroxide solution is added, and the crude oil is reacted at 70°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction is completed, activated clay is added, the crude oil is stirred evenly, the crude oil is heated to 90°C, and the crude oil is adsorbed for 10 minutes. After the adsorption is completed, the crude oil is cooled, centrifuged, and the oil sample is vacuum dried to obtain linseed oil.

[0031] Step 4: Enzymatically hydrolyze flaxseed meal

[0032] The flaxseed meal was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flaxseed meal powder. 6.0 parts of flaxseed meal powder were mixed with 93.0 parts of deionized water by mass, 0.12 parts of alkaline protease were added, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0 using a sodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution. The mixture was heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to perform an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating was completed, the temperature was raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged to obtain a filtrate and deproteinized flaxseed meal. The filtrate was dialyzed for 72 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 8 to 14 kD to remove small molecular impurities, and then vacuum freeze-dried to obtain flaxseed protein.

[0033] Step 5: Isolate the Flax Dietary Fiber

[0034] By weight, 2.8 parts of deproteinized flaxseed meal in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of flaxseed meal are mixed with 97.0 parts of deionized water, 0.05 parts of a compound of pectinase and cellulase (mass ratio 1:1) are added, disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution is used to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture is heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to carry out an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating is completed, the temperature is raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes, the enzyme is inactivated, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged. The filtrate is concentrated, spray-dried, and then mixed with flaxseed gum obtained in the process of flaxseed degumming to obtain flaxseed soluble dietary fiber, and the filter residue is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain flaxseed insoluble dietary fiber.

[0035] Example 2: A flaxseed processing and extraction process, specifically:

[0036] Step 1: Flaxseed degumming

[0037] Wash the flax seeds, sieve out the empty shells and moldy parts in the flax seeds, mix with deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds, heat to 80°C, soak for 1 hour, stir continuously during the soaking process, filter out the flax seeds after the soaking is completed, add deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds to soak again, soak for 3 times in total, filter out the flax seeds after soaking 3 times, dry at 60°C to obtain degummed flax seeds, concentrate the filtrate after soaking 3 times, spray dry to obtain flax seed gum.

[0038] Step 2: Extracting linseed oil

[0039] The degummed flax seeds were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flax seed powder. The flax seed powder was placed in a sealed container and sieved using CO. 2 Supercritical extraction of linseed oil, set the supercritical extraction time to 2h, extraction temperature to 40℃, extraction pressure to 3MPa, CO 2 The flow rate is 25kg / h. After the extraction is completed, the CO in the linseed oil is removed by decompression. 2 , filtered to obtain linseed oil and linseed meal.

[0040] Step 3: Linseed Oil Treatment

[0041] According to the mass fraction, 95 parts of crude linseed oil are heated to 60°C, 5 parts of 10% phosphoric acid aqueous solution are added, stirring is stopped after flocculent precipitation appears in the crude oil, the crude oil is cooled to 8°C, and the crude oil is allowed to stand for 1 hour. The oil gum in the crude linseed oil is removed by centrifugation, the crude oil is heated to 40°C for preheating after centrifugation, a sodium hydroxide solution is added, and the crude oil is reacted at 70°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction is completed, activated clay is added, the crude oil is stirred evenly, the crude oil is heated to 90°C, and the crude oil is adsorbed for 10 minutes. After the adsorption is completed, the crude oil is cooled, centrifuged, and the oil sample is vacuum dried to obtain linseed oil.

[0042] Step 4: Enzymatically hydrolyze flaxseed meal

[0043] The flaxseed meal was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flaxseed meal powder. 6.0 parts of flaxseed meal powder were mixed with 93.0 parts of deionized water by mass, 0.12 parts of papain were added, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0 using a sodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution. The mixture was heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to perform an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating was completed, the temperature was raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged to obtain a filtrate and deproteinized flaxseed meal. The filtrate was dialyzed for 72 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 8 to 14 kD to remove small molecular impurities, and then vacuum freeze-dried to obtain flaxseed protein.

[0044] Step 5: Isolate the Flax Dietary Fiber

[0045] By weight, 2.8 parts of deproteinized flaxseed meal in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of flaxseed meal are mixed with 97.0 parts of deionized water, 0.05 parts of a compound of pectinase and cellulase (mass ratio 1:1) are added, disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution is used to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture is heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to carry out an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating is completed, the temperature is raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes, the enzyme is inactivated, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged. The filtrate is concentrated, spray-dried, and then mixed with flaxseed gum obtained in the process of flaxseed degumming to obtain flaxseed soluble dietary fiber, and the filter residue is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain flaxseed insoluble dietary fiber.

[0046] Embodiment 3: A flaxseed processing and extraction process, specifically:

[0047] Step 1: Flaxseed degumming

[0048] Wash the flax seeds, sieve out the empty shells and moldy parts in the flax seeds, mix with deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds, heat to 80°C, soak for 1 hour, stir continuously during the soaking process, filter out the flax seeds after the soaking is completed, add deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds to soak again, soak for 3 times in total, filter out the flax seeds after soaking 3 times, dry at 60°C to obtain degummed flax seeds, concentrate the filtrate after soaking 3 times, spray dry to obtain flax seed gum.

[0049] Step 2: Extracting linseed oil

[0050] The degummed flax seeds were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flax seed powder. The flax seed powder was placed in a sealed container and sieved using CO. 2 Supercritical extraction of linseed oil, set the supercritical extraction time to 2h, extraction temperature to 40℃, extraction pressure to 3MPa, CO 2 The flow rate is 25kg / h. After the extraction is completed, the CO in the linseed oil is removed by decompression. 2 , filtered to obtain linseed oil and linseed meal.

[0051] Step 3: Linseed Oil Treatment

[0052] According to the mass fraction, 95 parts of crude linseed oil are heated to 60°C, 5 parts of 10% phosphoric acid aqueous solution are added, stirring is stopped after flocculent precipitation appears in the crude oil, the crude oil is cooled to 8°C, and the crude oil is allowed to stand for 1 hour. The oil gum in the crude linseed oil is removed by centrifugation, the crude oil is heated to 40°C for preheating after centrifugation, a sodium hydroxide solution is added, and the crude oil is reacted at 70°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction is completed, activated clay is added, the crude oil is stirred evenly, the crude oil is heated to 90°C, and the crude oil is adsorbed for 10 minutes. After the adsorption is completed, the crude oil is cooled, centrifuged, and the oil sample is vacuum dried to obtain linseed oil.

[0053] Step 4: Enzymatically hydrolyze flaxseed meal

[0054] The flaxseed meal was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flaxseed meal powder. 6.0 parts of flaxseed meal powder were mixed with 93.0 parts of deionized water by mass, 0.12 parts of alkaline protease were added, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0 using a sodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution. The mixture was heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to perform an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating was completed, the temperature was raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged to obtain a filtrate and deproteinized flaxseed meal. The filtrate was dialyzed for 72 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 8 to 14 kD to remove small molecular impurities, and then vacuum freeze-dried to obtain flaxseed protein.

[0055] Step 5: Isolate the Flax Dietary Fiber

[0056] By weight, 2.8 parts of deproteinized flaxseed powder are mixed with 97.0 parts of deionized water, 0.05 parts of pectinase are added, disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution is used to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture is heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to perform an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating is completed, the mixture is heated to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes, the enzyme is inactivated, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged. The filtrate is concentrated, spray-dried, and then mixed with flaxseed gum obtained in the flaxseed degumming process to obtain flaxseed soluble dietary fiber. The filter residue is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain flaxseed insoluble dietary fiber.

[0057] Example 4: A flaxseed processing and extraction process, specifically:

[0058] Step 1: Flaxseed degumming

[0059] Wash the flax seeds, sieve out the empty shells and moldy parts in the flax seeds, mix with deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds, heat to 80°C, soak for 1 hour, stir continuously during the soaking process, filter out the flax seeds after the soaking is completed, add deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds to soak again, soak for 3 times in total, filter out the flax seeds after soaking 3 times, dry at 60°C to obtain degummed flax seeds, concentrate the filtrate after soaking 3 times, spray dry to obtain flax seed gum.

[0060] Step 2: Extracting linseed oil

[0061] The degummed flax seeds were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flax seed powder. The flax seed powder was placed in a sealed container and sieved using CO. 2 Supercritical extraction of linseed oil, set the supercritical extraction time to 2h, extraction temperature to 40℃, extraction pressure to 3MPa, CO 2 The flow rate is 25kg / h. After the extraction is completed, the CO in the linseed oil is removed by decompression. 2 , filtered to obtain linseed oil and linseed meal.

[0062] Step 3: Linseed Oil Treatment

[0063] According to the mass fraction, 95 parts of crude linseed oil are heated to 60°C, 5 parts of 10% phosphoric acid aqueous solution are added, stirring is stopped after flocculent precipitation appears in the crude oil, the crude oil is cooled to 8°C, and the crude oil is allowed to stand for 1 hour. The oil gum in the crude linseed oil is removed by centrifugation, the crude oil is heated to 40°C for preheating after centrifugation, a sodium hydroxide solution is added, and the crude oil is reacted at 70°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction is completed, activated clay is added, the crude oil is stirred evenly, the crude oil is heated to 90°C, and the crude oil is adsorbed for 10 minutes. After the adsorption is completed, the crude oil is cooled, centrifuged, and the oil sample is vacuum dried to obtain linseed oil.

[0064] Step 4: Enzymatically hydrolyze flaxseed meal

[0065] The flaxseed meal was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flaxseed meal powder. 6.0 parts of flaxseed meal powder were mixed with 93.0 parts of deionized water by mass, 0.12 parts of alkaline protease were added, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0 using a sodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution. The mixture was heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to perform an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating was completed, the temperature was raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged to obtain a filtrate and deproteinized flaxseed meal. The filtrate was dialyzed for 72 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 8 to 14 kD to remove small molecular impurities, and then vacuum freeze-dried to obtain flaxseed protein.

[0066] Step 5: Isolate the Flax Dietary Fiber

[0067] According to parts by mass, 2.8 parts of deproteinized flaxseed powder are mixed with 97.0 parts of deionized water, 0.05 parts of cellulase are added, disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution is used to adjust the pH to 5.0, and the mixture is heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to carry out an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating is completed, the mixture is heated to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes, the enzyme is inactivated, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged. The filtrate is concentrated, spray-dried, and then mixed with flaxseed gum obtained in the flaxseed degumming process to obtain flaxseed soluble dietary fiber. The filter residue is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain flaxseed insoluble dietary fiber.

[0068] Based on Example 1, a control experiment was carried out, specifically Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, as described below:

[0069] Comparative Example 1: The flax seeds were not subjected to hydrothermal degumming treatment, and the other conditions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0070] A flaxseed processing and extraction process, specifically comprising:

[0071] Step 1: Extract linseed oil

[0072] The flax seeds were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flax seed powder. The flax seed powder was placed in a container and sealed. 2 Supercritical extraction of linseed oil, set the supercritical extraction time to 2h, extraction temperature to 40℃, extraction pressure to 3MPa, CO 2 The flow rate is 25kg / h. After the extraction is completed, the CO in the linseed oil is removed by decompression. 2 , filtered to obtain linseed oil and linseed meal.

[0073] Step 2: Linseed Oil Treatment

[0074] According to the mass fraction, 95 parts of crude linseed oil are heated to 60°C, 5 parts of 10% phosphoric acid aqueous solution are added, stirring is stopped after flocculent precipitation appears in the crude oil, the crude oil is cooled to 8°C, and the crude oil is allowed to stand for 1 hour. The oil gum in the crude linseed oil is removed by centrifugation, the crude oil is heated to 40°C for preheating after centrifugation, a sodium hydroxide solution is added, and the crude oil is reacted at 70°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction is completed, activated clay is added, the crude oil is stirred evenly, the crude oil is heated to 90°C, and the crude oil is adsorbed for 10 minutes. After the adsorption is completed, the crude oil is cooled, centrifuged, and the oil sample is vacuum dried to obtain linseed oil.

[0075] Step 3: Enzymatic hydrolysis of flaxseed meal

[0076] The flaxseed meal was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flaxseed meal powder. 6.0 parts of flaxseed meal powder were mixed with 93.0 parts of deionized water by mass, 0.12 parts of alkaline protease were added, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0 using a sodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution. The mixture was heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to perform an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating was completed, the temperature was raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged to obtain a filtrate and deproteinized flaxseed meal. The filtrate was dialyzed for 72 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 8 to 14 kD to remove small molecular impurities, and then vacuum freeze-dried to obtain flaxseed protein.

[0077] Step 4: Isolate the Flax Dietary Fiber

[0078] By mass, 2.8 parts of deproteinized flaxseed meal were mixed with 97.0 parts of deionized water, 0.05 parts of a mixture of pectinase and cellulase (mass ratio 1:1) were added, the pH value was adjusted to 5.0 using a sodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, and the mixture was heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to perform an enzymatic reaction. After the water bath heating was completed, the mixture was heated to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged. The filtrate was concentrated, spray-dried, and then mixed with flaxseed gum obtained in the flaxseed degumming process to obtain flaxseed soluble dietary fiber. The filter residue was washed with deionized water and dried to obtain flaxseed insoluble dietary fiber.

[0079] Comparative Example 2: The flaxseed dietary fiber was separated first, and then the flaxseed protein was separated. The remaining conditions were the same as those in Example 1.

[0080] A flaxseed processing and extraction process, specifically comprising:

[0081] Step 1: Flaxseed degumming

[0082] Wash the flax seeds, sieve out the empty shells and moldy parts in the flax seeds, mix with deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds, heat to 80°C, soak for 1 hour, stir continuously during the soaking process, filter out the flax seeds after the soaking is completed, add deionized water 3 times the mass of the flax seeds to soak again, soak for 3 times in total, filter out the flax seeds after soaking 3 times, dry at 60°C to obtain degummed flax seeds, concentrate the filtrate after soaking 3 times, spray dry to obtain flax seed gum.

[0083] Step 2: Extracting linseed oil

[0084] The degummed flax seeds were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flax seed powder. The flax seed powder was placed in a sealed container and sieved using CO. 2 Supercritical extraction of linseed oil, set the supercritical extraction time to 2h, extraction temperature to 40℃, extraction pressure to 3MPa, CO 2 The flow rate is 25kg / h. After the extraction is completed, the CO in the linseed oil is removed by decompression. 2 , filtered to obtain linseed oil and linseed meal.

[0085] Step 3: Linseed Oil Treatment

[0086] According to the mass fraction, 95 parts of crude linseed oil are heated to 60°C, 5 parts of 10% phosphoric acid aqueous solution are added, stirring is stopped after flocculent precipitation appears in the crude oil, the crude oil is cooled to 8°C, and the crude oil is allowed to stand for 1 hour. The oil gum in the crude linseed oil is removed by centrifugation, the crude oil is heated to 40°C for preheating after centrifugation, a sodium hydroxide solution is added, and the crude oil is reacted at 70°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction is completed, activated clay is added, the crude oil is stirred evenly, the crude oil is heated to 90°C, and the crude oil is adsorbed for 10 minutes. After the adsorption is completed, the crude oil is cooled, centrifuged, and the oil sample is vacuum dried to obtain linseed oil.

[0087] Step 4: Enzymatically hydrolyze flaxseed meal

[0088] The flaxseed meal was crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain flaxseed meal powder. 2.8 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed flaxseed meal powder were mixed with 97.0 parts of deionized water by weight, 0.05 parts of a compound of pectinase and cellulase (mass ratio 1:1) were added, the pH was adjusted to 5.0 using a sodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, and the mixture was heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to perform an enzymatic reaction. After the water bath heating was completed, the temperature was raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, centrifuged, and the filter residue was washed with deionized water and dried. , flaxseed insoluble dietary fiber was obtained, 0.12 parts of alkaline protease was added to the filtrate, the pH was adjusted to 8.0 with disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution, and the mixture was heated in a 50°C water bath for 3 hours to carry out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating was completed, the temperature was raised to 100°C and maintained for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme, and the mixture was cooled to room temperature and centrifuged to obtain a filtrate and deproteinized flaxseed powder. The filtrate was dialyzed for 72 hours using a dialysis bag with a molecular weight cutoff of 8 to 14 kD to remove small molecular impurities, and then flaxseed protein was obtained after vacuum freeze-drying.

[0089] Detection experiment:

[0090] Six portions of flaxseed of equal mass were selected, and flaxseed oil, flaxseed protein and flaxseed dietary fiber were extracted according to the extraction processes of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, respectively. The extraction rates of different components of each process were determined according to the Soxhlet method for determination of fat in foods (GB / T5009.6-2016), the Kjeldahl method for determination of protein in foods (GB / T 5009.5-2016) and the enzymatic gravimetric method for determination of dietary fiber content in foods (GB / T 5009.88-2014).

[0091]

[0092] Conclusion: It can be seen from the experiment that the extraction rates of linseed oil, linseed protein and linseed dietary fiber extracted by the extraction process of Example 1 are better than those of the extraction processes of Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0093] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A flaxseed processing and extraction process, characterized in that: The extraction process is: The flax seeds are hydrothermally treated to remove flaxseed gum and then crushed into flaxseed powder. The flaxseed powder is extracted using supercritical CO2 extraction technology to obtain crude flaxseed oil and flaxseed meal. The crude flaxseed oil is refined to obtain flaxseed oil. The flaxseed meal is subjected to two enzymatic hydrolysis treatments to obtain flaxseed protein and flaxseed dietary fiber.

2. A flaxseed processing and extraction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of removing flaxseed gum by hydrothermal method is as follows: Wash the flax seeds, sieve out the empty shells and moldy parts in the flax seeds, mix with deionized water in an amount of 2.0 to 4.0 times the mass of the flax seeds, heat to 75 to 85°C, soak for 0.5 to 1.5 hours, stir continuously during the soaking process, filter out the flax seeds after the soaking is completed, add deionized water in an amount of 2.0 to 4.0 times the mass of the flax seeds again to soak, soak three times in total, filter out the flax seeds after soaking three times, dry at 50 to 70°C to obtain degummed flax seeds, and concentrate the filtrate after soaking three times, spray dry to obtain flax seed gum.

3. The flaxseed processing and extraction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of supercritical CO2 extraction of flaxseed powder is as follows: The degummed flax seeds are crushed and sieved to obtain flax seed powder, which is then placed in a sealed container. The flax seed powder is extracted with supercritical CO2, with a supercritical extraction time of 1.5 to 2.5 hours, an extraction temperature of 35 to 45°C, an extraction pressure of 2.0 to 4.0 MPa, and a CO2 flow rate of 20 to 30 kg / h. After the extraction is completed, the CO2 in the flax seed oil is removed by decompression and filtered to obtain crude flax seed oil and flax seed meal.

4. The flaxseed processing and extraction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of linseed oil refining is as follows: Heat the crude linseed oil to 55-65°C, add phosphoric acid aqueous solution, stir until flocculent precipitation appears in the crude oil, then stop stirring, cool to 5-10°C, let stand for 0.5-1.5h, centrifuge to remove oil gum in the crude linseed oil, heat to 35-45°C after centrifugation for preheating, add sodium hydroxide solution, react at 65-75°C for 20-40min, add activated white clay after the reaction is completed, stir evenly, heat to 80-100°C, adsorb for 5-15min, cool after adsorption, centrifuge, and vacuum dry the oil sample to obtain linseed oil.

5. A flax seed processing and extraction process according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the crude linseed oil is refined, the dosage of each component is, by weight, 93.0-97.0 parts of crude linseed oil, 4.0-6.0 parts of phosphoric acid aqueous solution, 4.0-6.0 parts of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 2.0-3.0 parts of activated clay.

6. The flax seed processing and extraction process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of two enzymatic hydrolysis treatment of flaxseed meal is as follows: The flaxseed meal is crushed and sieved to obtain flaxseed meal powder, the flaxseed meal powder is mixed with deionized water, a protein separation enzyme is added, a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution is used to adjust the pH, and the mixture is heated in a water bath at 40 to 60° C. for 2 to 4 hours to perform an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction. After the water bath heating is completed, the temperature is raised to 95 to 105° C. and maintained for 5 to 15 minutes to inactivate the protein separation enzyme, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, and centrifuged to obtain a filtrate and deproteinized flaxseed meal, the filtrate is dialyzed to remove small molecular impurities, and vacuum freeze-dried to obtain flaxseed protein; The deproteinized flaxseed meal is mixed with deionized water, fiber separation enzyme is added, disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution is used to adjust the pH, and the mixture is heated in a water bath at 40-60° C. for 2-4 hours to perform enzymatic hydrolysis. After the water bath heating is completed, the mixture is heated to 95-105° C. and maintained for 5-15 minutes to inactivate the fiber separation enzyme. The mixture is cooled to room temperature and centrifuged. The filtrate is concentrated, spray-dried, and then mixed with flaxseed gum obtained in the flaxseed degumming process to obtain flaxseed soluble dietary fiber. The filter residue is washed with deionized water and dried to obtain flaxseed insoluble dietary fiber.

7. A flax seed processing and extraction process according to claim 6, characterized in that: When enzymatically hydrolyzing flaxseed meal, the protein separation enzyme used is a combination of one or more of alkaline protease, papain, and alpha-amylase, and the mass ratio of flaxseed meal powder, protein separation enzyme, and deionized water is (5.5-6.5):(0.10-0.15):(92.0-94.0).

8. The flax seed processing and extraction process according to claim 6, characterized in that: When separating dietary fiber, the fiber separation enzyme used is a combination of one or more of pectinase, cellulase and hemicellulase, and the mass ratio of deproteinized flaxseed powder, deionized water and fiber separation enzyme is (2.5-3.0):(0.04-0.06):(96.0-98.0).

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