Straw pretreatment device and straw pretreatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw pretreatment device and a straw pretreatment method, and relates to the technical field of biomass-based raw material pretreatment, the straw pretreatment device comprises a feeding unit, a first extrusion unit, a second extrusion unit and an ammonification reaction unit; the feeding unit is used for feeding, and the first extrusion unit is used for performing moisture adjustment and extrusion shearing on materials in the first extrusion chamber; the second extrusion unit is used for extruding and shearing the materials in the second extrusion chamber; the ammoniation reaction unit is used for carrying out ammoniation reaction treatment on the materials in the ammoniation reaction chamber. According to the invention, a synergistic pretreatment mode of extrusion and ammoniation is adopted to pretreat the straws, so that the effect is better; the first extrusion unit and the second extrusion unit are used for performing extrusion treatment on the straws, so that the extrusion shearing time is effectively prolonged, and the extrusion effect is enhanced; ammonia water is adopted for ammoniation reaction treatment of the straw, ammonia serves as weak base, the ammoniated straw can be directly utilized without water washing, and cleanliness and environment friendliness are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass-based raw material pretreatment, and more specifically, to a straw pretreatment device and a straw pretreatment method. Background Art

[0002] Straw is an abundant agricultural waste. Rational use of straw resources and improvement of straw's use value are of great significance for resource conservation and environmental protection. Straw is mainly composed of lignocellulose, which is composed of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose interwoven with each other to form a dense structure, which hinders the efficient use of cellulose and hemicellulose. In order to utilize the cellulose and hemicellulose in straw, it is necessary to deconstruct the lignocellulose and remove the lignin.

[0003] There are various methods for pretreatment of straw, including physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods. Among them, extrusion pretreatment is a thermomechanical treatment method, which refers to reducing the particle size of the material and increasing the surface area of ​​the material by extrusion, friction and shearing of the material under heating conditions. However, due to the length limitation of the existing extruder, it is difficult to achieve a thorough decomposition of the straw, resulting in limited pretreatment effect. In addition, this treatment method also requires adjusting the humidity of the straw in advance before starting the extrusion to migrate the moisture. After the extrusion is completed, the straw needs to be ammoniation treated separately. The process is complicated and time-consuming.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve efficient pretreatment of straw has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a straw pretreatment device to achieve efficient pretreatment of straw.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a straw pretreatment method, so as to perform straw pretreatment by using the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A straw pretreatment device comprises an extrusion power system, a feeding unit, a first extrusion unit, a second extrusion unit, an ammoniation reaction unit and a base; wherein:

[0009] The extrusion power system is arranged on the base;

[0010] The feeding unit is arranged on the base;

[0011] The first extrusion unit is arranged on the base, and is transmission-connected to the extrusion power system, and has a first extrusion chamber connected to the feeding unit, and the first extrusion unit is used to adjust the moisture content and perform extrusion shearing on the material in the first extrusion chamber;

[0012] The second extrusion unit is arranged on the base and is transmission-connected to the extrusion power system, and has a second extrusion chamber communicated with the first extrusion chamber, and the second extrusion unit is used to extrude and shear the material in the second extrusion chamber;

[0013] The amination reaction unit is disposed on the base and has an amination reaction chamber communicated with the second extrusion chamber. The amination reaction unit is used to perform an amination reaction treatment on the material in the amination reaction chamber.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned straw preprocessing device, the extrusion power system includes a first motor, and the first extrusion unit includes:

[0015] A single screw sleeve is arranged on the base, the single screw sleeve has the first extrusion chamber, and the first end of the single screw sleeve is provided with a first feed port communicating with the first extrusion chamber and the feed unit, and a water inlet for adding water into the first extrusion chamber, the second end of the single screw sleeve is provided with a first discharge port communicating with the first extrusion chamber and the second extrusion chamber, and the first motor is arranged on the single screw sleeve;

[0016] A single screw, drivingly connected to the first motor and disposed in the first extrusion chamber, for mixing, extruding and shearing the material in the first extrusion chamber;

[0017] The first heating module is arranged on the outer wall of the single screw sleeve and is used for heating the first extrusion chamber.

[0018] Optionally, in the above-mentioned straw preprocessing device, the single screw is arranged along the extension direction of the single screw sleeve, and along the discharging direction, the outer wall of the single screw is sequentially provided with a first extrusion mixing section thread, a first extrusion section thread I, a first meshing block I, a second extrusion section thread I, a second meshing block I and a third extrusion section thread I, and the pitch of the second extrusion section thread I is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread I, and greater than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread I.

[0019] Optionally, in the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device, the second extrusion unit comprises:

[0020] A twin screw sleeve is arranged on the base, the twin screw sleeve has the second extrusion chamber, and the first end of the twin screw sleeve is provided with a second feed port communicating with the first extrusion chamber and the second extrusion chamber, and the second end of the twin screw sleeve is provided with a second discharge port communicating with the second extrusion chamber and the amination reaction chamber;

[0021] A first extrusion screw is rotatably disposed in the twin-screw sleeve and is transmission-connected to the extrusion power system;

[0022] A second extrusion screw is rotatably disposed in the twin-screw sleeve and is drivingly connected to the extrusion power system. The second extrusion screw is arranged in parallel with the first extrusion screw and has an opposite rotation direction;

[0023] The second heating module is arranged on the outer wall of the twin-screw sleeve and is used for heating the second extrusion chamber.

[0024] Optionally, in the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device, the first extrusion screw and the second extrusion screw are arranged along the extension direction of the twin screw sleeve, and along the discharge direction, the outer wall of the first extrusion screw is sequentially provided with the second extrusion mixing section thread, the first extrusion section thread II, the first meshing block II, the second extrusion section thread II, the second meshing block II and the third extrusion section thread II, and the outer wall of the second extrusion screw is sequentially provided with the third extrusion mixing section thread, the first extrusion section thread III, the first meshing block III, the second extrusion section thread III, the second meshing block III and the third extrusion section thread III;

[0025] The second extrusion mixing section thread corresponds to the third extrusion mixing section thread in position and has an opposite rotation direction, the first extrusion section thread II corresponds to the first extrusion section thread III in position and has an opposite rotation direction, the first engagement block II corresponds to the first engagement block III in position, the second extrusion section thread II corresponds to the second extrusion section thread III in position and has an opposite rotation direction, the second engagement block II corresponds to the second engagement block III in position, the third extrusion section thread II corresponds to the third extrusion section thread III in position and has an opposite rotation direction;

[0026] The pitch of the second extrusion section thread II is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread II, and larger than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread II. The pitch of the second extrusion section thread III is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread III, and larger than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread III.

[0027] Optionally, in the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device, the extrusion power system comprises:

[0028] A second motor is disposed on the base;

[0029] A first gear shaft is transmission-connected between the first extrusion screw and the second motor, and a first gear is coaxially arranged on the first gear shaft;

[0030] The second gear shaft is connected to the second extrusion screw, and a second gear is coaxially arranged on the second gear shaft, and the second gear is meshed with the first gear.

[0031] Optionally, in the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device, the amination reaction unit comprises:

[0032] an amination reactor, which is disposed on the base and has the amination reaction chamber, wherein the amination reactor is provided with a third feed port communicating with the second extrusion chamber and the amination reaction chamber, an ammonia water spray port for spraying ammonia water into the ammonia reaction chamber, and a vacuum exhaust port for evacuating the ammonia reaction chamber;

[0033] An amination reaction mixing motor is arranged on the amination reactor;

[0034] An ammonia reaction mixing component is connected to the ammonia reaction mixing motor and is disposed in the ammonia reaction chamber for mixing materials and ammonia water;

[0035] The third heating module is disposed on the amination reactor and is used to heat the amination reaction chamber.

[0036] Optionally, in the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device, the feeding unit comprises:

[0037] A feed unit support frame is arranged on the base;

[0038] A feed hopper is arranged on the feed unit support frame, and a discharge port of the feed hopper is connected with the first extrusion chamber through a discharge conduit;

[0039] A material stirring motor is arranged on the feed hopper;

[0040] The material stirring component is transmission-connected with the material stirring motor and is arranged in the feed hopper.

[0041] Optionally, in the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device, a discharge valve is rotatably provided between the feed hopper and the discharge conduit, and the discharge valve is driven to rotate by a valve servo to connect or cut off the discharge conduit with the feed hopper.

[0042] A straw pretreatment method, for pretreatment of straw using the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device, comprises the following steps:

[0043] Pretreatment, removing the waste part of the straw, cutting and crushing the straw to obtain the first treated straw;

[0044] The first extrusion process, the feeding unit conveys the first-processed straw into the first extrusion chamber, the first extrusion unit mixes the first-processed straw with water and performs heating, extrusion and shearing process to obtain the second-processed straw;

[0045] a second extrusion process, heating and extruding and shearing the second-treated straw by the second extrusion unit to obtain a third-treated straw;

[0046] The ammoniation reaction treatment is to mix the third treated straw with ammonia water through the ammoniation reaction unit, and after the mixing is completed, vacuumize and heat to carry out the ammoniation reaction.

[0047] The straw pretreatment device provided by the present invention comprises an extrusion power system, a feeding unit, a first extrusion unit, a second extrusion unit, an ammoniation reaction unit and a base; wherein the extrusion power system, the feeding unit, the first extrusion unit, the second extrusion unit and the ammoniation reaction unit are all arranged above the base, the base is used to be supported on the ground, the extrusion power system is transmission-connected with the first extrusion unit and the second extrusion unit, and provides power; the feeding unit is used for feeding, the first extrusion unit has a first extrusion chamber connected with the feeding unit, and the first extrusion unit is used for adjusting the moisture content and extruding and shearing the material in the first extrusion chamber; the second extrusion unit has a second extrusion chamber connected with the first extrusion chamber, and the second extrusion unit is used for extruding and shearing the material in the second extrusion chamber; the ammoniation reaction unit has an ammoniation reaction chamber connected with the second extrusion chamber, and the ammoniation reaction unit is used for performing an ammoniation reaction treatment on the material in the ammoniation reaction chamber.

[0048] In the specific straw processing process, the straw material to be processed is fed by the feeding unit and passes through the first extrusion chamber, the second extrusion chamber and the ammoniation reaction chamber in sequence. In the first extrusion chamber, the material is mixed with water to achieve humidity adjustment and the first extrusion shearing is performed. In the second extrusion chamber, the material is subjected to the second extrusion shearing. After the two extrusion shearings, the straw particle size is reduced, the surface is destroyed, and the wood cellulose can be partially deconstructed. In the ammoniation reaction chamber, the material is mixed with ammonia water and reacts with OH- in the ammonia water to further remove the lignin in the material and destroy the wood cellulose structure, so that more cellulose and hemicellulose in the material are fully exposed, which is conducive to efficient utilization.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the straw pretreatment device provided by the present invention adopts a collaborative pretreatment method of extrusion and ammoniation to pretreat the straw, which has better effect; the straw is extruded by two groups of extrusion units, namely the first extrusion unit and the second extrusion unit, which effectively prolongs the extrusion shearing time and enhances the extrusion effect; the material and water are fully mixed and acted on in the first extrusion unit to achieve humidity adjustment of the material, so that there is no need to carry out the preparation process of moisture migration of the straw in advance, which greatly shortens the time of straw pretreatment; ammonia water is used for the ammoniation reaction of the straw, and ammonia is used as a weak base. The ammoniation straw can be directly used without washing with water, which is clean, environmentally friendly and easy to operate.

[0050] The straw pretreatment method provided by the present invention comprises a pretreatment step, a first extrusion treatment step, a second extrusion treatment step and an ammoniation reaction treatment step. The pretreatment step specifically comprises removing waste parts such as wheat ears and roots from the straw, cutting and crushing the straw to obtain the first treated straw; the first extrusion treatment step specifically comprises a feeding unit conveying the first treated straw into the first extrusion chamber, and the first extrusion unit mixing the first treated straw with water and performing heating and extrusion treatment to obtain the second treated straw; the second extrusion treatment step specifically comprises heating and extruding the second treated straw by the second extrusion unit to obtain the third treated straw. The ammoniation reaction treatment step specifically comprises mixing the third treated straw with ammonia water by the ammoniation reaction unit, and after mixing, vacuumizing and heating to perform an ammoniation reaction.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the straw pretreatment method provided by the present invention adopts extrusion pretreatment and amination reaction to perform synergistic treatment of straw, which is green, environmentally friendly and efficient. At the same time, during the first extrusion treatment step, water and straw are mixed, so that there is no need to adjust the moisture of the straw before the pretreatment step, which greatly shortens the pretreatment time of the straw and simplifies the process of straw treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0053] Figure 1 The overall structure of the straw pretreatment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0054] Figure 2 The overall structure of the straw pretreatment device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0055] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding unit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 The structure of the first extrusion unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 1 ;

[0057] Figure 5 The structure of the first extrusion unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 2 ;

[0058] Figure 6 The structure of the second extrusion unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 1 ;

[0059] Figure 7 The structure of the second extrusion unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 2 ;

[0060] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the second extrusion unit and the extrusion power system disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0061] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the second extrusion unit and the extrusion power system disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0062] Fig.10 The structure of the amination reaction unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0063] Fig.11 The structure of the amination reaction unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0064] Fig.12 This is a comparison chart of the particle size of straw obtained by different pretreatment methods;

[0065] Fig.13 The particle size distribution diagram of straw obtained by different pretreatment methods;

[0066] Figure 14-17 The electron microscope images of the straw samples obtained are respectively untreated, Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3.

[0067] Among them, 1 is an extrusion power system, 11 is a second motor, 12 is an output shaft of the second motor, 13 is a coupling, 14 is a first gear, 15 is a first gear shaft, 16 is a second gear, and 17 is a second gear shaft;

[0068] 2 is a feed unit, 21 is a feed hopper, 22 is a material stirring motor, 23 is an output shaft of the material stirring motor, 24 is a material stirring component, 25 is a motor mounting plate, 26 is a discharge valve, 27 is a valve steering gear, 28 is a discharge conduit, and 29 is a feed unit support frame;

[0069] 3 is the first extrusion unit, 31 is the first feed port, 32 is the water inlet, 33 is the first motor, 34 is the first motor output shaft, 35 is a single screw, 36 is a single screw sleeve, 37 is the first extrusion mixing section thread, 38 is the first extrusion section thread I, 39 is the first meshing block I, 310 is the second extrusion section thread I, 311 is the second meshing block I, 312 is the third extrusion section thread I, 313 is the first heating module, and 314 is the first support frame;

[0070] 4 is a second extrusion unit, 41 is a first extrusion screw, 42 is a second extrusion screw, 43 is a twin screw sleeve, 44 is a second feed port, 45 is a second extrusion mixing section thread, 46 is a third extrusion mixing section thread, 47 is a first extrusion section thread II, 48 is a first extrusion section thread III, 49 is a first meshing block II, 410 is a first meshing block III, 411 is a second extrusion section thread II, 412 is a second extrusion section thread III, 413 is a second meshing block II, 414 is a second meshing block III, 415 is a third extrusion section thread II, 416 is a third extrusion section thread III, 417 is a second heating module, 418 is a second support frame, and 419 is a second discharge port;

[0071] 5 is an amination reaction unit, 51 is an amination reaction mixing motor, 52 is an amination reaction mixing motor output shaft, 53 is an amination reaction mixing component, 54 is a reactor body, 55 is a sealing cover, 56 is a third feed inlet, 57 is an ammonia water spraying port, 58 is a vacuum exhaust interface, and 59 is a third heating module;

[0072] 6 is a base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The core of the invention is to disclose a straw pretreatment device to achieve efficient pretreatment of straw.

[0074] Another core of the present invention is to disclose a straw pretreatment method, so as to perform straw pretreatment by using the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device.

[0075] The following embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the embodiments shown below do not limit the invention contents described in the claims. In addition, the entire contents of the structures represented by the following embodiments are not limited to those necessary as solutions to the inventions described in the claims. It should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the inventions are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0076] Combination Figure 1-Figure 11 The straw pretreatment device disclosed in the present invention comprises an extrusion power system 1, a feeding unit 2, a first extrusion unit 3, a second extrusion unit 4, an ammoniation reaction unit 5 and a base 6; wherein the extrusion power system 1, the feeding unit 2, the first extrusion unit 3, the second extrusion unit 4 and the ammoniation reaction unit 5 are all arranged above the base 6, the base 6 is used to be supported on the ground, the extrusion power system 1 is transmission-connected with the first extrusion unit 3 and the second extrusion unit 4, and provides power; the feeding unit 2 is used for feeding; the first extrusion unit 3 has a first extrusion chamber connected with the feeding unit 2, and the first extrusion unit 3 is used for adjusting the moisture content and extruding and shearing the material in the first extrusion chamber; the second extrusion unit 4 has a second extrusion chamber connected with the first extrusion chamber, and the second extrusion unit 4 is used for extruding and shearing the material in the second extrusion chamber; the ammoniation reaction unit 5 has an ammoniation reaction chamber connected with the second extrusion chamber, and the ammoniation reaction unit 5 is used for ammoniation reaction treatment of the material in the ammoniation reaction chamber.

[0077] In the specific straw processing process, the straw material to be processed is fed by the feeding unit 2, and passes through the first extrusion chamber, the second extrusion chamber and the ammoniation reaction chamber in sequence. In the first extrusion chamber, the material is mixed with water to achieve humidity adjustment, and the first extrusion shearing is performed. In the second extrusion chamber, the material is subjected to the second extrusion shearing. After the two extrusion shearings, the straw particle size is reduced, the surface is destroyed, and the wood cellulose can be partially deconstructed. In the ammoniation reaction chamber, the material is mixed with ammonia water and reacts with OH- in the ammonia water to further remove the lignin in the material and destroy the wood cellulose structure, so that more cellulose and hemicellulose in the material are fully exposed, which is conducive to efficient utilization.

[0078] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0079] (1) The straw is pretreated by a synergistic pretreatment method of extrusion and ammoniation, which has a better effect.

[0080] (2) The straw is extruded by two extrusion units, namely the first extrusion unit 3 and the second extrusion unit 4, which effectively prolongs the extrusion shearing time and enhances the extrusion effect.

[0081] (3) The material and water are fully mixed and reacted in the first extrusion unit 3 to achieve humidity adjustment of the material, so that there is no need to carry out the straw moisture migration preparation process in advance, which greatly shortens the time of straw pretreatment and simplifies the pretreatment process.

[0082] (4) Ammonia water is used to carry out the ammoniation reaction of the straw. Ammonia acts as a weak base. The straw after ammoniation can be used directly without washing with water, which is clean and environmentally friendly and simplifies the process.

[0083] (5) The present invention can be used for the pretreatment of various straws such as wheat straw, corn straw, and rice straw.

[0084] In a specific embodiment disclosed in the present invention, the feeding unit 2 includes a feeding unit support frame 29, a feeding hopper 21, a material stirring motor 22 and a material stirring component 24, the feeding unit support frame 29 is arranged on the base 6; the feeding hopper 21 is arranged on the feeding unit support frame 29, and the discharge port of the feeding hopper 21 is connected to the first extrusion chamber of the first extrusion unit 3 through the discharge conduit 28; the material stirring motor 22 is arranged on the feeding hopper 21; the material stirring component 24 is transmission-connected to the material stirring motor 22, and is arranged in the feeding hopper 21, for stirring the material and discharging the material.

[0085] The crushed straw is placed in the feed hopper 21 and enters the first extrusion chamber along the discharge pipe 28 from the discharge port of the feed hopper 21 for subsequent processing. The material stirring motor 22 drives the material stirring component 24 to rotate in the feed hopper 21 to ensure that the material in the feed hopper 21 can enter the first extrusion chamber evenly and in equal amounts.

[0086] Specifically, combined Figure 3 The material stirring motor 22 is mounted on the motor mounting plate 25, and the motor mounting plate 25 is arranged on the feed hopper 21. The material stirring motor 22 is connected to the material stirring component 24 through the material stirring motor output shaft 23 to stir the material in the feed hopper 21. The bottom of the feed unit support frame 29 is arranged on the base 6, and the top supports and fixes the feed hopper 21, and supports the feed hopper 21 above the first extrusion unit 3, so that the material can be transported into the first extrusion chamber by gravity. The material stirring component 24 can be specifically in various shapes, such as Figure 3 The triangular plate shown in FIG. 21 is adapted to the feed hopper 21.

[0087] In order to control the discharge speed of the feeding unit 2 to the first extrusion chamber, Figure 3A discharge valve 26 is rotatably provided between the feed hopper 21 and the discharge conduit 28. The discharge valve 26 is driven to rotate by a valve steering gear 27 to realize the connection and cutoff of the discharge conduit 28 with the feed hopper 21. The opening of the discharge valve 26 can be controlled by controlling the rotation angle of the valve steering gear 27, thereby controlling the amount of material entering the first extrusion chamber from the feed hopper 21 per unit time, and ensuring the uniformity and sufficiency of the reaction of the material in the first extrusion chamber and the second extrusion chamber.

[0088] Combination Figure 3 The discharge conduit 28 is usually a round tube, and correspondingly, the discharge valve 26 is in the shape of a round plate that matches the inner diameter of the discharge conduit 28 .

[0089] In a specific embodiment disclosed in the present invention, the extrusion power system 1 includes a first motor 33, and the first extrusion unit 3 includes a single screw sleeve 36, a single screw 35 and a first heating module 313, wherein the single screw sleeve 36 is arranged on the base 6, the single screw sleeve 36 has a first extrusion chamber, and the first end of the single screw sleeve 36 is provided with a water inlet 32 ​​and a first feed inlet 31 connecting the first extrusion chamber and the feeding unit 2, the water inlet 32 ​​is used to connect the water inlet conduit externally and add water to the first extrusion chamber; the second end of the single screw sleeve 36 is provided with a first discharge port connecting the first extrusion chamber and the second extrusion chamber; the first motor 33 is arranged on the single screw sleeve 36; the single screw 35 is arranged in the first extrusion chamber and is transmission-connected to the first motor output shaft 34 of the first motor 33, and the single screw 35 is used to mix and extrude the material in the first extrusion chamber; the first heating module 313 is arranged on the outer wall of the single screw sleeve 36 for heating the first extrusion chamber.

[0090] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 The feed hopper 21 is connected to the first feed port 31 through the discharge conduit 28 to transport the material into the first extrusion chamber. After the material enters the first extrusion chamber from the first feed port 31, the material is driven by the single screw 35 to move in the direction of the first discharge port. At the same time, during this process, the water inlet 32 ​​adds water to the first extrusion chamber to adjust the material in the first extrusion chamber to a suitable humidity range. The first heating module 313 adjusts the temperature in the first extrusion chamber to a preset temperature range before the material enters the first extrusion chamber, and after the material enters the first extrusion chamber, the temperature in the first extrusion chamber is maintained within the preset temperature range, so that the material is extruded at a suitable temperature to ensure the speed and degree of wood cellulose deconstruction.

[0091] Specifically, according to the type of the first heating module 313, the first heating module 313 can be a single heating module and a single screw sleeve 36, or a Figure 4The multiple screws 35 are arranged at equal intervals on the outer wall of the single screw sleeve 36 to ensure the uniformity of the temperature in the first extrusion chamber. As the single screw 35 rotates, the material and water are fully mixed, and the water is fully transferred between the materials, ensuring the uniformity of the material humidity and the uniformity of the thermomechanical force during the extrusion process, and promoting the opening of the lignocellulose structure of the straw.

[0092] The heating temperature range of the first heating module 313 is usually 0-200°C; the speed range of the single screw 35 is usually 20rpm-200rpm. The amount of water added can be adjusted according to the quality of the material, and the humidity of the material is usually controlled between 15% and 50% to avoid the decrease in the effect of friction and shear force caused by too high moisture content, and excessive wear of the equipment caused by too low moisture content.

[0093] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 A first support frame 314 is arranged on the base 6, the bottom of the first support frame 314 is fixed to the base 6, and the top is fixed to the single screw sleeve 36. The first support frame 314 is arranged so that the first extrusion chamber is located above the second reaction chamber, so that the material in the first extrusion chamber automatically enters the second reaction chamber under the action of gravity. The first motor 33 is arranged at the top of the single screw sleeve 36, and the first discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the single screw sleeve 36.

[0094] In order to ensure the extrusion and shearing effect of the first extrusion unit 3 on the material, Figure 5 In one embodiment, the single screw 35 is arranged along the extension direction of the single screw sleeve 36, and along the discharge direction from the first feed port 31 to the first discharge port, the outer wall of the single screw 35 is sequentially provided with a first extrusion mixing section thread 37, a first extrusion section thread I38, a first meshing block I39, a second extrusion section thread I310, a second meshing block I311 and a third extrusion section thread I312.

[0095] Among them, the first extrusion mixing section thread 37 is used to fully mix the material and water, and at the same time destroy the wood cellulose structure of the material through friction and shear force. The pitch of the second extrusion section thread I310 is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread I38, and larger than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread I312, so as to gradually extrude the material during the conveying process. The first meshing block I39 and the second meshing block I311 are used to crush and mix the material. The extrusion section threads and meshing blocks are staggered on the single screw 35 to ensure sufficient mixing and shearing of the material. The number and size of the extrusion section threads and meshing blocks can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0096] In a specific embodiment disclosed in the present invention, the second extrusion unit 4 includes a twin screw sleeve 43, a first extrusion screw 41, a second extrusion screw 42 and a second heating module 417. The twin screw sleeve 43 is arranged on the base 6, and the twin screw sleeve 43 has a second extrusion chamber, and the first end of the twin screw sleeve 43 is provided with a second feed port 44 connecting the second extrusion chamber and the first extrusion chamber, and the second end of the twin screw sleeve 43 is provided with a second discharge port 419 connecting the second extrusion chamber and the amination reaction chamber; the first extrusion screw 41 is rotatably arranged in the twin screw sleeve 43 and is transmission-connected to the extrusion power system 1; the second extrusion screw 42 is rotatably arranged in the twin screw sleeve 43 and is transmission-connected to the extrusion power system 1, and the second extrusion screw 42 is arranged in parallel with the first extrusion screw 41, and the rotation direction is opposite; the second heating module 417 is arranged on the outer wall of the twin screw sleeve 43 for heating the second extrusion chamber.

[0097] After the material is processed in the first extrusion chamber, it enters the second extrusion chamber from the second feed port 44, and moves toward the second discharge port 419 under the action of the first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42. During the movement, the first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42 further extrude and shear the material. The second heating module 417 can be a single and double screw sleeve 43, or a Figure 6 The plurality of equidistantly arranged on the outer wall of the twin screw sleeve 43 shown in the figure ensures the uniformity of the temperature in the second extrusion chamber. Before the material enters the second extrusion chamber, the temperature in the second extrusion chamber is adjusted to a preset temperature range in advance, and after the material enters the second extrusion chamber, the temperature in the second extrusion chamber is maintained within the preset temperature range.

[0098] Specifically, the rotation speed range of the first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42 is generally 20 rpm-200 rpm. The heating temperature range of the second heating module 417 is generally 0-200°C.

[0099] In one embodiment, in combination Figure 7 The first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42 are arranged along the extension direction of the twin screw sleeve 43, and along the discharge direction from the second feed port 44 to the second discharge port 419, the outer wall of the first extrusion screw 41 is sequentially provided with the second extrusion mixing section thread 45, the first extrusion section thread II 47, the first meshing block II 49, the second extrusion section thread II 411, the second meshing block II 413 and the third extrusion section thread II 415, and the outer wall of the second extrusion screw 42 is sequentially provided with the third extrusion mixing section thread 46, the first extrusion section thread III 48, the first meshing block III 410, the second extrusion section thread III 412, the second meshing block III 414 and the third extrusion section thread III 416.

[0100] Among them, the second extrusion mixing section thread 45 corresponds to the position of the third extrusion mixing section thread 46 and has an opposite rotation direction, which is used to mix the material and deconstruct the wood cellulose; the first extrusion section thread II 47 corresponds to the position of the first extrusion section thread III 48 and has an opposite rotation direction, the first meshing block II 49 corresponds to the position of the first meshing block III 410, which is used to shear and mix the material, the second extrusion section thread II 411 corresponds to the position of the second extrusion section thread III 412 and has an opposite rotation direction, the second meshing block II 413 corresponds to the position of the second meshing block III 414, which is used to shear and mix the material, and the third extrusion section thread II 415 corresponds to the position of the third extrusion section thread III 416 and has an opposite rotation direction. The pitch of the second extrusion section thread II 411 is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread II 47 and larger than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread II 415, and the pitch of the second extrusion section thread III 412 is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread III 48 and larger than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread III 416, so as to gradually extrude the material during the conveying process. The extrusion section threads and the meshing blocks are alternately arranged on the first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42 to achieve sufficient shearing and mixing of the materials. The number and size of the extrusion section threads and the meshing blocks can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0101] Combination Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The second extrusion unit 4 is driven by an extrusion power system 1, which includes a second motor 11, a first gear shaft 15, and a second gear shaft 17. The second motor 11 is arranged on the base 6; the first gear shaft 15 is connected to the first extrusion screw 41, and is in transmission connection with the second motor 11, and a first gear 14 is coaxially arranged on the first gear shaft 15; the second gear shaft 17 is connected to the second extrusion screw 42, and a second gear 16 is coaxially arranged on the second gear shaft 17, and the second gear 16 is meshed with the first gear 14. Figure 8 The second motor output shaft 12 of the second motor 11 is connected to the first gear shaft 15 through the coupling 13. When the second motor 11 is started, the second motor 11 drives the first gear shaft 15 to rotate through the second motor output shaft 12. The first gear shaft 15 drives the first extrusion screw 41 and the first gear 14 to rotate synchronously. The first gear 14 drives the second gear 16, the second gear shaft 17 and the second extrusion screw 42 to rotate synchronously. At the same time, the rotation directions of the first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42 are opposite.

[0102] It is understandable that the first extrusion unit 3 may also be configured as a twin-screw structure, and the second extrusion unit 4 may also be configured as a single-screw structure. Figure 1 and Figure 2, the extension direction of the single screw sleeve 36 and the twin screw sleeve 43 are perpendicular, and the single screw sleeve 36 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the twin screw sleeve 43 is arranged in the horizontal direction. In this embodiment, the first extrusion unit 3 is mainly used to mix the materials, so a single screw 35 that does not require a large power can be used, and the first motor 33 with a large volume and mass does not need to be set, and space and energy are saved, while ensuring the stability of the structure. The second extrusion unit 4 is mainly used for extrusion and crushing of materials, which requires a large power. The extrusion power system 1 with a large volume and mass can be set on the base 6 for convenient layout.

[0103] When the twin screw sleeve 43 is arranged horizontally, the second heating module 417 is preferably arranged at the bottom of the twin screw sleeve 43 to ensure the heating effect on the material in the second extrusion chamber. Correspondingly, a plurality of second support frames 418 are arranged on the base 6. The bottom of the second support frame 418 is fixed to the base 6, and the top supports the twin screw sleeve 43 to keep the second reaction chamber at the same height as the ammoniation reaction chamber, so as to facilitate the material to be transported into the ammoniation reaction chamber.

[0104] In a specific embodiment disclosed in the present invention, Fig.10 and Fig.11 The amination reaction unit 5 includes an amination reactor, an amination reaction mixing motor 51, an amination reaction mixing component 53 and a third heating module 59. The amination reactor is arranged on the base 6 and has an amination reaction chamber. The amination reactor is provided with a third feed port 56 connecting the second extrusion chamber and the amination reaction chamber, an ammonia water spraying port 57 for spraying ammonia water into the amination reaction chamber, and a vacuum exhaust interface 58 for evacuating the amination reaction chamber; the amination reaction mixing motor 51 is arranged on the amination reactor; the amination reaction mixing component 53 is transmission-connected to the output end of the amination reaction mixing motor 51 and is arranged in the amination reaction chamber for mixing materials and ammonia water; the third heating module 59 is arranged on the amination reactor for heating the amination reaction chamber and adjusting the amination reaction temperature.

[0105] After the reaction of the material in the second extrusion chamber is completed, the material enters the ammoniation reaction chamber through the third feed port 56. In the ammoniation reaction chamber, the ammoniation reaction mixing component 53 mixes the material with ammonia water evenly, thereby making the removal of lignin and the deconstruction of lignocellulose more thorough. Before the full reaction, the ammoniation reaction chamber is evacuated by an external vacuum device through the vacuum exhaust interface 58 to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria during the ammoniation reaction.

[0106] Combination Fig.11In one embodiment, the ammoniation reaction mixing motor output shaft 52 of the ammoniation reaction mixing motor 51 is drivingly connected to the ammoniation reaction mixing component 53, the ammonia water spraying port 57 is located above the side wall of the ammoniation reactor and is externally connected to the ammonia water input conduit, and the ammonia water spraying port 57 can evenly sprinkle the ammonia water on the material to ensure the uniformity of the reaction; the vacuum exhaust interface 58 is located on the side wall of the ammoniation reactor and is externally connected to a vacuum pump, and the third heating module 59 can be one and cover the ammoniation reactor, or a plurality of evenly arranged on the side wall surface of the ammoniation reactor to ensure the uniformity of the temperature in the ammoniation reaction chamber. The ammoniation reaction mixing component 53 can be of various shapes, such as Fig.10 The comb shape shown in the figure.

[0107] The ammonia reactor comprises a reactor body 54 and a sealing cover 55, the sealing cover 55 is connected to the reactor body 54 through a sealing strip to form a closed ammonia reaction chamber, and the ammonia reaction mixing motor 51 is arranged on the sealing cover 55. Switch valves are arranged between the third feed port 56 and the second discharge port 419, and between the ammonia water input conduit and the ammonia water spray port 57 to separate the ammonia reaction chamber from the second extrusion chamber and the ammonia water input conduit during the vacuuming process, so as to ensure the sealing of the ammonia reaction chamber.

[0108] The straw pretreatment method disclosed in the present invention is used for pretreatment of straw by the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device, and comprises a pretreatment step, a first extrusion treatment step, a second extrusion treatment step and an amination reaction treatment step.

[0109] S1, pretreatment;

[0110] The straw is removed of waste parts such as wheat ears and roots, cut into sections and crushed to obtain the first processed straw.

[0111] Specifically, the straw is usually cut into 4 cm-5 cm in advance, and then crushed into 40 meshes by a crusher to obtain the first processed straw.

[0112] S2, first extrusion process;

[0113] The feeding unit 2 conveys the first treated straw into the first extrusion chamber, and the first extrusion unit 3 mixes the first treated straw with water and performs heating and extrusion treatment to obtain the second treated straw.

[0114] Specifically, the temperature of the first heating module 313 of the first extrusion unit 3 is pre-adjusted, so that the temperature in the first extrusion chamber is maintained at 60°C-180°C or other preset temperature ±1°C, and then the first motor 33 is started to stabilize the speed of the single screw 35 at 60rpm-180rpm or other preset speeds, and then the valve servo 27 of the feeding unit 2 is controlled to open the discharge valve 26, and the material stirring motor 22 is started to drive the material stirring component 24 to rotate, so as to stably transport the first treated straw to the first extrusion chamber. In the first extrusion chamber, the first treated straw is mixed with water and heated and extruded. Under the action of thermomechanical forces such as friction and shear force, the particle size of the straw is significantly reduced, and the lignocellulose structure is opened to a certain extent. Among them, the humidity of the first treated straw is usually adjusted to between 15-50% by adding water.

[0115] S3, second extrusion treatment;

[0116] The second processed straw is heated and extruded by the second extrusion unit 4 to obtain the third processed straw.

[0117] Specifically, the temperature of the second heating module 417 of the second extrusion unit 4 is pre-adjusted to keep the temperature in the second extrusion chamber at 60°C-180°C or ±1°C of other preset temperatures, and then the extrusion power system 1 is started to stabilize the rotation speeds of the first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42 at 60rpm-180rpm or other preset rotation speeds, and then the second processed straw is transported to the second extrusion chamber for extrusion treatment. Under the action of thermomechanical forces such as friction and shear force, the particle size of the straw is further reduced, and the lignocellulose structure is further opened.

[0118] S4, amination reaction treatment;

[0119] The third treated straw is mixed with ammonia water through the ammoniation reaction unit 5. After the mixing is completed, vacuum is drawn and heated to carry out an ammoniation reaction.

[0120] Specifically, the ammonia reaction unit 5 sprays ammonia water at regular intervals through the ammonia water spray port 57, and adjusts the humidity of the material to 30% or other preset humidity, and the ammonia content to 3.33% or other preset content. In the ammonia reaction chamber, the ammonia reaction mixing component 53 stirs regularly. After the stirring is completed, the ammonia reaction chamber is sealed, and the ammonia reaction chamber is evacuated through the vacuum exhaust interface 58. The third heating module 59 is adjusted to control the temperature in the ammonia reaction chamber, and the ammonia reaction is processed for a preset time. For example, the temperature of the ammonia reaction chamber is controlled to 35°C, and the ammonia reaction is processed for 10 days. It is understandable that the third heating module 59 usually also heats the ammonia reaction chamber in the process of spraying ammonia water and mixing ammonia water and materials.

[0121] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts extrusion pretreatment and amination reaction to perform synergistic treatment of straw, which is green, environmentally friendly and efficient. At the same time, during the first extrusion treatment step, water and straw are mixed, so that there is no need to adjust the moisture of the straw before the pretreatment step, which greatly shortens the pretreatment time of the straw and simplifies the process of straw treatment.

[0122] It can be understood that since the above-mentioned straw pretreatment device is an automated equipment, and the transfer of materials between the first extrusion chamber, the second extrusion chamber and the ammoniation reaction chamber can be carried out automatically, the first extrusion unit 3, the second extrusion unit 4 and the ammoniation reaction unit 5 are usually started in advance to preheat the first extrusion chamber, the second extrusion chamber and the ammoniation reaction chamber respectively, and then the material is loaded through the feeding unit 2.

[0123] The following are the test steps and test results of three embodiments of the straw pretreatment device of the present invention, namely, only extrusion pretreatment of wheat straw (Example 1), only ammoniation pretreatment of wheat straw (Example 2), and synergistic extrusion and ammoniation pretreatment of wheat straw (Example 3).

[0124] Example 1

[0125] S1. Remove the ears and roots of wheat straw, cut into 4cm-5cm pieces, and crush into 40 meshes using a crusher.

[0126] S2. Adjust the temperature of the first heating module 313 of the first extrusion unit 3 so that the temperature in the first extrusion chamber is 60°C ± 1°C, then adjust the speed of the single screw 35 to 180rpm. After the speed stabilizes, control the valve servo 27 of the feeding unit 2 to open the discharge valve 26, and the material stirring motor 22 drives the material stirring component 24 to rotate and discharge the material into the first extrusion chamber. At the same time, water is added from the water inlet 32, and the humidity of the material is adjusted to between 15%.

[0127] S3. Adjust the temperature of the second heating module 417 of the second extrusion unit 4 so that the temperature in the second extrusion chamber is 60°C±1°C, then adjust the rotation speeds of the first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42 to 180 rpm, extrude and mix the materials, and obtain the sample of Example 1.

[0128] Example 2

[0129] S1. Remove the ears and roots of wheat straw, cut into 4cm-5cm pieces, and crush into 40 meshes using a grinder.

[0130] S4. Load the material into the ammoniation reaction chamber. The ammoniation reaction unit 5 sprays ammonia water regularly through the ammonia water spraying port 57, and adjusts the material humidity to 30% and the ammonia content to 3.33%. In the ammoniation reaction chamber, the ammoniation reaction mixing component 53 stirs regularly. After the stirring is completed, the ammoniation reaction chamber is sealed, and the ammonia reaction chamber is evacuated through the vacuum exhaust interface 58. The third heating module 59 is adjusted to control the temperature in the ammoniation reaction chamber to 35° C., and the reaction is carried out for 10 days to obtain the sample of Example 2.

[0131] Example 3

[0132] S1. Remove the ears and roots of wheat straw, cut into 4cm-5cm pieces, and crush into 40 meshes using a grinder.

[0133] S2. Adjust the temperature of the first heating module 313 of the first extrusion unit 3 so that the temperature in the first extrusion chamber is 60°C ± 1°C, then adjust the speed of the single screw 35 to 180rpm. After the screw speed stabilizes, control the valve servo 27 of the feeding unit 2 to open the discharge valve 26, and the material stirring motor 22 drives the material stirring component 24 to discharge the material into the first extrusion chamber. At the same time, water is added from the water inlet 32, and the material humidity is adjusted to about 15%, and the material is extruded and mixed once.

[0134] S3. Adjust the temperature of the second heating module 417 of the second extrusion unit 4 so that the temperature in the second extrusion chamber is 60°C±1°C, and then adjust the rotation speed of the first extrusion screw 41 and the second extrusion screw 42 to 180 rpm to perform secondary extrusion mixing on the materials.

[0135] S4, the ammonia reaction unit 5 regularly sprays ammonia water through the ammonia water spraying port 57, and adjusts the material humidity to 30%, and the ammonia content to 3.33%. In the ammonia reaction chamber, the ammonia reaction mixing component 53 regularly stirs. After the stirring is completed, the ammonia reaction chamber is sealed, and the ammonia reaction chamber is evacuated through the vacuum exhaust interface 58. The third heating module 59 is adjusted to control the temperature in the ammonia reaction chamber to 35° C., and the reaction is carried out for 10 days to obtain the sample of Example 3.

[0136] Depend on Fig.12 and Fig.13 It can be seen that compared with the untreated sample, the particle size of the wheat straw after pretreatment is significantly reduced, and the particle size distribution moves to the left as a whole, that is, the particle size is reduced as a whole, and the particle size of the wheat straw after extrusion and ammoniation pretreatment is the most significant. Figure 14-17It can be seen that compared with the untreated sample, a large number of microporous structures appeared on the microscopic surface of wheat straw after pretreatment. From the physical structure point of view, the dense structure of wheat straw formed by lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose was destroyed, and the lignocellulose underwent a certain degree of deconstruction. The degree of deconstruction of wheat straw after extrusion and ammonia synergistic pretreatment was the deepest.

[0137] Table 1 Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents in wheat straw after different pretreatments

[0138]

[0139] (Note: The same letters indicate no significant difference, p<0.05)

[0140] Table 2 Cellulase-lactic acid solid-state fermentation results of wheat straw samples after different pretreatments

[0141]

[0142] (Note: The same letters indicate no significant difference, p<0.05)

[0143] In the determination results of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents in Table 1, the lignin content in wheat straw decreased significantly after the synergistic pretreatment of extrusion and ammoniation, indicating that a large amount of lignin was removed, lignocellulose was deconstructed, the cellulose content was relatively increased, and the difficulty of cellulose utilization was reduced; Table 2 shows the results of cellulase-lactic acid solid-state fermentation of untreated and differently pretreated wheat straw samples. The yield of various sugars and lactic acid after the synergistic pretreatment of extrusion and ammoniation was significantly increased, indicating that after the synergistic action of extrusion and ammoniation, the lignocellulose structure was destroyed, a large amount of cellulose was exposed, and the steric hindrance to cellulose utilization was significantly reduced.

[0144] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables professionals and technicians in the field to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to professionals and technicians in the field, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The specific technical means in some embodiments can be combined in part or in whole into another embodiment without being explicitly excluded by another embodiment. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest range consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A straw pretreatment device, It is characterized in that It comprises an extrusion power system (1), a feeding unit (2), a first extrusion unit (3), a second extrusion unit (4), an amination reaction unit (5) and a base (6); wherein: The extrusion power system (1) is arranged on the base (6); The feeding unit (2) is arranged on the base (6); The first extrusion unit (3) is arranged on the base (6) and is transmission-connected to the extrusion power system (1), and has a first extrusion chamber connected to the feeding unit (2), and the first extrusion unit (3) is used to adjust the moisture content and perform extrusion shearing on the material in the first extrusion chamber; The second extrusion unit (4) is arranged on the base (6) and is transmission-connected to the extrusion power system (1), and has a second extrusion chamber connected to the first extrusion chamber, and the second extrusion unit (4) is used to extrude and shear the material in the second extrusion chamber; The amination reaction unit (5) is arranged on the base (6) and comprises an amination reaction chamber connected to the second extrusion chamber. The amination reaction unit (5) is used to perform an amination reaction treatment on the material in the amination reaction chamber.

2. The straw pretreatment device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The extrusion power system (1) comprises a first motor (33), and the first extrusion unit (3) comprises: a single screw sleeve (36) disposed on the base (6), the single screw sleeve (36) having the first extrusion chamber, and a first feed port (31) communicating with the first extrusion chamber and the feed unit (2), and a water inlet (32) for adding water to the first extrusion chamber, a first discharge port communicating with the first extrusion chamber and the second extrusion chamber, and the first motor (33) disposed on the single screw sleeve (36); A single screw (35) is drivingly connected to the first motor (33) and is disposed in the first extrusion chamber, and is used to mix, extrude and shear the material in the first extrusion chamber; A first heating module (313) is disposed on the outer wall of the single screw sleeve (36) and is used to heat the first extrusion chamber.

3. The straw pretreatment device according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The single screw (35) is arranged along the extension direction of the single screw sleeve (36), and along the discharge direction, the outer wall of the single screw (35) is provided with a first extrusion mixing section thread (37), a first extrusion section thread I (38), a first engaging block I (39), a second extrusion section thread I (310), a second engaging block I (311) and a third extrusion section thread I (312) in sequence, and the pitch of the second extrusion section thread I (310) is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread I (38) and larger than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread I (312).

4. The straw pretreatment device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The second extrusion unit (4) comprises: a twin screw sleeve (43) disposed on the base (6), the twin screw sleeve (43) having the second extrusion chamber, and a first end of the twin screw sleeve (43) having a second feed port (44) communicating with the first extrusion chamber and the second extrusion chamber, and a second end of the twin screw sleeve (43) having a second discharge port (419) communicating with the second extrusion chamber and the amination reaction chamber; A first extrusion screw (41) is rotatably disposed in the twin-screw sleeve (43) and is drivingly connected to the extrusion power system (1); A second extrusion screw (42) is rotatably disposed in the twin-screw sleeve (43) and is drivingly connected to the extrusion power system (1); the second extrusion screw (42) is arranged in parallel with the first extrusion screw (41) and has opposite rotation directions; The second heating module (417) is arranged on the outer wall of the twin-screw sleeve (43) and is used to heat the second extrusion chamber.

5. The straw pretreatment device according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The first extrusion screw (41) and the second extrusion screw (42) are both arranged along the extension direction of the twin screw sleeve (43), and along the discharge direction, the outer wall of the first extrusion screw (41) is provided with a second extrusion mixing section thread (45), a first extrusion section thread II (47), a first meshing block II (49), a second extrusion section thread II (411), a second meshing block II (413) and a third extrusion section thread II (415) in sequence, and the outer wall of the second extrusion screw (42) is provided with a third extrusion mixing section thread (46), a first extrusion section thread III (48), a first meshing block III (410), a second extrusion section thread III (412), a second meshing block III (414) and a third extrusion section thread III (416) in sequence; The second extrusion mixing section thread (45) corresponds to the third extrusion mixing section thread (46) in position and has opposite rotation direction, the first extrusion section thread II (47) corresponds to the first extrusion section thread III (48) in position and has opposite rotation direction, the first engagement block II (49) corresponds to the first engagement block III (410) in position, the second extrusion section thread II (411) corresponds to the second extrusion section thread III (412) in position and has opposite rotation direction, the second engagement block II (413) corresponds to the second engagement block III (414) in position, the third extrusion section thread II (415) corresponds to the third extrusion section thread III (416) in position and has opposite rotation direction; The pitch of the second extrusion section thread II (411) is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread II (47) and larger than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread II (415), and the pitch of the second extrusion section thread III (412) is smaller than the pitch of the first extrusion section thread III (48) and larger than the pitch of the third extrusion section thread III (416).

6. The straw pretreatment device according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The extrusion power system (1) comprises: A second motor (11) is disposed on the base (6); A first gear shaft (15) is transmission-connected between the first extrusion screw (41) and the second motor (11), and a first gear (14) is coaxially arranged on the first gear shaft (15); The second gear shaft (17) is connected to the second extrusion screw (42), and a second gear (16) is coaxially arranged on the second gear shaft (17), and the second gear (16) is meshed with the first gear (14).

7. The straw pretreatment device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The amination reaction unit (5) comprises: an amination reactor, which is arranged on the base (6) and has the amination reaction chamber, and is provided with a third feed port (56) communicating with the second extrusion chamber and the amination reaction chamber, an ammonia water spraying port (57) for spraying ammonia water into the ammonia reaction chamber, and a vacuum exhaust port (58) for evacuating the ammonia reaction chamber; An amination reaction mixing motor (51) is arranged on the amination reactor; An ammonia reaction mixing component (53) is connected to the ammonia reaction mixing motor (51) in a transmission manner and is disposed in the ammonia reaction chamber for mixing materials and ammonia water; The third heating module (59) is disposed on the amination reactor and is used to heat the amination reaction chamber.

8. The straw pretreatment device according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The feeding unit (2) comprises: A feed unit support frame (29) is arranged on the base (6); A feed hopper (21) is arranged on the feed unit support frame (29), and a discharge port of the feed hopper (21) is connected to the first extrusion chamber through a discharge conduit (28); A material stirring motor (22) is arranged on the feed hopper (21); The material stirring component (24) is transmission-connected to the material stirring motor (22) and is arranged in the feed hopper (21).

9. The straw pretreatment device according to claim 8, It is characterized in that A discharge valve (26) is rotatably provided between the feed hopper (21) and the discharge conduit (28), and the discharge valve (26) is driven to rotate by a valve steering gear (27) to connect or cut off the discharge conduit (28) with the feed hopper (21).

10. A straw pretreatment method, It is characterized in that The method is used for pre-treating straw by using the straw pre-treating device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: Pretreatment, removing the waste part of the straw, cutting and crushing the straw to obtain the first treated straw; A first extrusion treatment, wherein the feeding unit (2) transports the first-treated straw into the first extrusion chamber, and the first extrusion unit (3) mixes the first-treated straw with water and performs heating and extrusion treatment to obtain a second-treated straw; a second extrusion treatment, heating and extruding the second-treated straw by the second extrusion unit (4) to obtain a third-treated straw; The ammoniation reaction treatment is to mix the third treated straw with ammonia water through the ammoniation reaction unit (5), and after the mixing is completed, vacuum is drawn and heated to carry out the ammoniation reaction.

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