Composite TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) with two deslagging modes and use method of composite TBM

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite TBM with two deslagging modes and a using method thereof, and relates to the technical field of rock tunnel boring machines, the composite TBM comprises a shield, a cutterhead is arranged at the front end of the shield, the interior of the cutterhead is of a hollow structure, and the front wall and the rear wall of the cutterhead are a face plate and a back plate respectively; a main driving assembly used for driving the cutter head to rotate is arranged on the inner side of the shield, a belt conveyor assembly is arranged in the middle of the main driving assembly in a penetrating mode, a screw conveyor assembly is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the shield, and a thrust oil cylinder and a segment erector are arranged on the rear portion of the inner side of the shield. The method has the beneficial effects that when the self-stability of the tunnel surrounding rock is good, the center belt conveyor is adopted for deslagging, and efficient deslagging is matched with TBM efficient tunneling; when tunnel surrounding rock is broken and poor in water, a bottom screw conveyor is matched with a central belt conveyor to discharge slag, and a TBM cutter head is prevented from being stuck; when the tunnel surrounding rock is broken and rich in water, the bottom screw conveyor is adopted for deslagging, the situation that water inrush and mud inrush cannot be controlled is avoided, and tunnel construction safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock tunnel boring machines, and in particular to a composite TBM with two slag discharging modes and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The strata that tunnels pass through are becoming more and more complex, and the working conditions they encounter are becoming more and more severe. Rock tunnel boring (TBM) with a single slag discharge method can no longer meet the needs of tunnel construction. Traditional TBMs that rely solely on a central belt conveyor to discharge slag are prone to causing the TBM cutterhead to get stuck when the tunnel surrounding rock is broken and collapsed, and are prone to sudden water and mud gushing when the tunnel surrounding rock is broken and rich in water. Dual-mode TBMs that use both central belt slag discharge and bottom spiral machine slag discharge, such as the dual-mode shield with application number 202410846613.0, can only be used with a shield cutterhead without a back plate, otherwise the spiral machine will interfere with the cutterhead back plate. However, the shield cutterhead with only a panel has low strength and stiffness, which does not meet the needs of long-distance TBM long-distance excavation; in addition, the central belt conveyor cannot be retracted in time, making it difficult to cope with sudden sudden mud and water gushing.

[0003] Therefore, in order to solve the engineering problems of TBM cutterhead getting stuck and mud and water gushing in water-rich and broken strata, a composite TBM with dual slag discharge methods, which has the functions of central belt slag discharge and bottom spiral machine slag discharge and can be used in conjunction with a drum-shaped TBM cutterhead with both a face plate and a back plate, and a method of using the same are technical problems that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes and a method of using the same in order to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions: A composite TBM with two slag discharge modes comprises a shield, a cutter disc is arranged at the front end of the shield, the interior of the cutter disc is a hollow structure, and the front wall and rear wall of the cutter disc are a panel and a back plate respectively; a main drive assembly for driving the cutter disc to rotate is arranged on the inner side of the shield, a belt conveyor assembly is arranged in the middle of the main drive assembly, a screw machine assembly is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the shield, and a propulsion cylinder and a segment assembling machine are arranged at the rear of the inner side of the shield; the screw machine assembly comprises a telescopic shaft, a cylinder, a gate and a drive, the drive is fixedly installed at the rear end of the cylinder, a telescopic shaft is arranged in the cylinder, a spiral blade is arranged on the telescopic shaft, and a gate is arranged below the rear end of the cylinder; the belt conveyor assembly comprises a belt conveyor, a slag receiving bucket and an oil cylinder, a slag receiving bucket is arranged at the head position of the belt conveyor, the slag receiving bucket is connected to the main drive assembly through an oil cylinder, a central slag discharge port is opened on the back plate of the cutter disc corresponding to the slag receiving bucket, and baffles capable of blocking the central slag discharge port are arranged at both the front and rear ends of the slag receiving bucket.

[0006] Preferably: a roller cutter mounting seat is arranged on the panel of the cutter disc, a scraper plate mounting seat and a slag inlet are arranged at the edge of the panel of the cutter disc; a plurality of slag outlets are symmetrically arranged on the edge of the back plate of the cutter disc, and a plurality of groups of slag chute plates are arranged between the panel and the back plate of the cutter disc.

[0007] Preferably, a roller cutter is arranged on the roller cutter mounting seat, and a scraper plate is arranged on the scraper plate mounting seat.

[0008] Preferably, the baffle at the front end of the scraper plate is located between the front panel and the back panel of the cutter disc, and the baffle at the rear end of the scraper plate is located at the rear side of the back panel of the cutter disc.

[0009] A method for using a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes, using the composite TBM with two slag discharge modes, comprising: When the surrounding rock has good self-stability, the central slag discharge method is adopted; When the surrounding rock is broken and lacks water, a large amount of rock debris in front of the cutterhead and on the top of the tunnel collapses and enters the cutterhead, making it difficult for the cutterhead to rotate continuously. The bottom slag discharge is used to assist the center slag discharge. When the surrounding rock is broken and rich in water, in order to prevent the open center slag discharge method from causing water gushing and mud bursting, only the bottom slag discharge method is used.

[0010] Preferred: When the central slag discharge method is adopted, the belt conveyor and the slag receiving bucket extend into the center of the cutter disc, and the scraper plates around the cutter disc scrape the rock slag that falls on the bottom of the tunnel after the roller cutter breaks through the slag inlet into the space between the face plate and the back plate of the cutter disc. The rock slag that enters between the face plate and the back plate of the cutter disc is lifted as the cutter disc rotates. Under the action of its own weight, the rock slag radially slides along the slag chute between the face plate and the back plate of the cutter disc to the slag receiving bucket at the center of the cutter disc, and then is transported to the rear by the belt conveyor.

[0011] Preferably: when the bottom slag discharge is assisted by the center slag discharge, a slag discharge port on the back of the cutter disc is rotated to the bottom of the tunnel through the cutter disc escape mode, and then the telescopic shaft of the screw machine assembly is extended into the slag discharge port at the bottom of the cutter disc, and then the gate at the tail of the screw machine is opened, and the rock slag accumulated in the cutter disc is discharged backwards through the screw machine assembly. When the amount of rock slag accumulated in the cutter disc is reduced and the cutter disc can rotate continuously, the telescopic shaft of the screw machine assembly is retracted and the belt conveyor is used for slag discharge.

[0012] Preferred: In order to prevent water gushing and mud bursting caused by the open center slag discharge method, when the bottom slag discharge method is adopted, first, the belt conveyor and the slag receiving bucket are retracted from the center of the cutter disc, and the baffle on the slag receiving bucket closes the center slag discharge port on the back plate of the cutter disc. Then, the telescopic shaft of the screw machine assembly is extended into the slag discharge port at the bottom of the cutter disc, and the rock slag is discharged backwards through the screw conveyor assembly, and the water gushing and mud bursting are controlled by adjusting the opening and closing of the gate at the tail end of the screw machine assembly; after most of the rock slag accumulated in the cutter disc is discharged, the telescopic shaft of the screw machine assembly is retracted and the gate at the tail end is closed; the cutter disc rotates, the thrust cylinder extends, and the TBM excavates the rock and advances forward.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: when the tunnel surrounding rock has good self-stability, a central belt conveyor is used to discharge slag, and efficient slag discharge cooperates with efficient TBM excavation; when the tunnel surrounding rock is broken and water-poor, a bottom spiral machine is used in conjunction with the central belt conveyor to discharge slag to prevent the TBM cutter head from being stuck; when the tunnel surrounding rock is broken and water-rich, a bottom spiral machine is used to discharge slag to avoid uncontrollable sudden water and mud gushing, thereby ensuring the safety of tunnel construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a right-side structural schematic diagram of a slag discharging method of a central belt conveyor of a composite TBM with two slag discharging methods described in the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a right-side structural schematic diagram of a slag discharge method of a bottom spiral machine of a composite TBM with two slag discharge methods described in the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a front three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a cutter head of a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the back three-dimensional structure of the cutter head of a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of TBM slag discharge method selection under different surrounding rock conditions for a composite TBM with two slag discharge methods described in the present invention.

[0020] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals: 1. Cutter disc; 2. Belt conveyor assembly; 3. Main drive assembly; 4. Shield; 5. Screw conveyor assembly; 6. Propelling cylinder; 7. Segment assembly machine; 1-1. Hob mounting seat; 1-2. Slag scraper mounting seat; 1-3. Slag inlet; 1-4. Slag outlet; 1-5. Slag chute; 2-1. Belt conveyor; 2-2. Slag receiving bucket; 2-3. Cylinder; 5-1. Telescopic shaft; 5-2. Cylinder; 5-3. Gate; 5-4. Drive. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes includes a shield 4, a cutter disc 1 is arranged at the front end of the shield 4, the interior of the cutter disc 1 is a hollow structure, and the front wall and the rear wall of the cutter disc 1 are a panel and a back plate respectively; a main drive 5-4 assembly 3 for driving the cutter disc 1 to rotate is arranged on the inner side of the shield 4, a belt conveyor 2-1 assembly 2 is passed through the middle of the main drive 5-4 assembly 3, a screw machine assembly 5 is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the shield 4, and a propulsion cylinder 6 and a segment assembler 7 are arranged at the rear of the inner side of the shield 4; the screw machine assembly 5 includes a telescopic shaft 5-1, a cylinder 5-2, a gate 5-3 and a drive 5-4, the rear end of the cylinder 5-2 is fixedly installed with the drive 5-4, the drive 5-4 includes a motor for driving the telescopic shaft 5-1 to rotate and a hydraulic cylinder for driving the telescopic shaft 5-1 to telescope, the cylinder 5-2 is passed through the telescopic shaft 5-1, and the telescopic shaft 5-1 includes a shaft sleeve and a shaft A core shaft is inserted in the sleeve, and spiral blades are arranged on the core shaft. The core shaft is a hexagonal prism, and the cross-sectional shape of the inner hole of the sleeve is a hexagon matching the core shaft. The hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed inside the sleeve, and the movable end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the core shaft; a gate 5-3 is arranged below the rear end of the cylinder 5-2 to block the slag discharge port of the cylinder 5-2; the belt conveyor 2-1 assembly 2 includes a belt conveyor 2-1, a slag receiving bucket 2-2 and an oil cylinder 2-3, a slag receiving bucket 2-2 is arranged at the head position of the belt conveyor 2-1, and the slag receiving bucket 2-2 is connected to the main drive 5-4 assembly 3 through the oil cylinder 2-3, a central slag outlet is opened on the back plate of the cutter disc 1 corresponding to the slag receiving bucket 2-2, and baffles capable of blocking the central slag outlet are arranged at the front and rear ends of the slag receiving bucket 2-2; the baffle at the front end of the scraper plate is located between the panel and the back plate of the cutter disc 1, and the baffle at the rear end of the scraper plate is located on the rear side of the back plate of the cutter disc 1.

[0024] A roller cutter mounting seat 1-1 is arranged on the panel of the cutter disc 1, and a scraper plate mounting seat 1-2 and a slag inlet 1-3 are arranged at the edge of the panel of the cutter disc 1; a plurality of slag outlets 1-4 are symmetrically arranged on the edge of the back plate of the cutter disc 1, and a plurality of groups of slag chute plates 1-5 are arranged between the panel and the back plate of the cutter disc 1; a roller cutter is arranged on the roller cutter mounting seat 1-1, and the roller cutter is used to crush rocks, and a scraper plate is arranged on the scraper plate mounting seat 1-2, and the scraper plate scrapes the crushed rocks into the inside of the cutter disc 1.

[0025] A method for using a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes, using the composite TBM with two slag discharge modes, comprising: When the surrounding rock has good self-stability, the central slag discharge method is adopted: the belt conveyor 2-1 and the slag receiving bucket 2-2 extend into the center of the cutter disc 1, and the scraper plates around the cutter disc 1 scrape the rock slag that falls on the bottom of the tunnel after the roller cutter breaks through the slag inlet 1-3 into the space between the front panel and the back panel of the cutter disc 1. The rock slag that enters the space between the front panel and the back panel of the cutter disc 1 is lifted as the cutter disc 1 rotates. Under the action of its own weight, the rock slag radially slides along the slag chute 1-5 between the front panel and the back panel of the cutter disc 1 to the slag receiving bucket 2-2 at the center of the cutter disc 1, and then is transported to the rear through the belt conveyor 2-1; When the surrounding rock is broken and lacks water, a large amount of rock debris in front of the cutter head 1 and on the top of the tunnel collapses and enters the cutter head 1, making it difficult for the cutter head 1 to rotate continuously. The bottom slag discharge is assisted by the central slag discharge method: the cutter head 1 is released from the difficulty mode to rotate a slag discharge port 1-4 on the back of the cutter head 1 to the bottom of the tunnel. Then, the telescopic shaft 5-1 of the screw machine assembly 5 is extended by the hydraulic cylinder, and the front end is extended into the slag discharge port 1-4 at the bottom of the cutter head 1. Then, the gate 5-3 at the tail of the screw machine assembly 5 is opened, and the rock debris accumulated in the cutter head 1 is discharged backwards through the screw machine assembly 5. When the amount of rock debris accumulated in the cutter head 1 is reduced and the cutter head 1 can rotate continuously, the telescopic shaft 5-1 of the screw machine assembly 5 is retracted, and the belt conveyor 2-1 is used to discharge the slag. When the surrounding rock is broken and rich in water, in order to prevent the open center slag discharge method from causing water gushing and mud bursting, only the bottom slag discharge method is used: first, the belt conveyor 2-1 and the slag receiving bucket 2-2 are retracted from the center of the cutter disc 1, and the baffle on the slag receiving bucket 2-2 closes the center slag discharge port on the back plate of the cutter disc 1. Then, the telescopic shaft 5-1 of the screw machine assembly 5 is extended into the slag discharge port 1-4 at the bottom of the cutter disc 1, and the rock slag is discharged backwards through the screw conveyor assembly, and the water gushing and mud bursting are controlled by adjusting the opening and closing of the tail end gate 5-3 of the screw machine assembly 5; after most of the rock slag accumulated in the cutter disc 1 is discharged, the telescopic shaft 5-1 of the screw machine assembly 5 is retracted and the tail end gate 5-3 is closed; the cutter disc 1 rotates, the thrust cylinder 6 extends, and the TBM excavates the rock and advances forward.

[0026] The belt conveyor 2-1, main drive 5-4 assembly 3, shield 4, thrust cylinder 2-36, segment assembler 7, hob mounting seat 1-1, scraper plate mounting seat 1-2, belt conveyor 2-1, slag bucket 2-2, cylinder 2-3, gate 5-3 are all universal standard parts or parts known to those skilled in the art, and their structures and principles can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or through conventional experimental methods, so no further records are made here.

[0027] The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for illustrating the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. A composite TBM with two slag discharge modes, comprising a shield (4), characterized in that: A cutter disc (1) is arranged at the front end of the shield (4), the interior of the cutter disc (1) is a hollow structure, and the front wall and rear wall of the cutter disc (1) are respectively a panel and a back panel; a main drive (5-4) assembly (3) for driving the cutter disc (1) to rotate is arranged on the inner side of the shield (4), a belt conveyor (2-1) assembly (2) is passed through the middle of the main drive (5-4) assembly (3); a screw machine assembly (5) is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the shield (4), and a propulsion cylinder (6) and a segment assembler (7) are arranged at the rear of the inner side of the shield (4); the screw machine assembly (5) comprises a telescopic shaft (5-1), a cylinder (5-2), a gate (5-3) and a drive (5-4), and the drive is fixedly installed at the rear end of the cylinder (5-2). (5-4), a telescopic shaft (5-1) is inserted into the cylinder (5-2), a spiral blade is arranged on the telescopic shaft (5-1), and a gate (5-3) is arranged below the rear end of the cylinder (5-2); the belt conveyor (2-1) assembly (2) comprises a belt conveyor (2-1), a slag receiving bucket (2-2) and an oil cylinder (2-3), a slag receiving bucket (2-2) is arranged at the head position of the belt conveyor (2-1), the slag receiving bucket (2-2) is connected to the main drive (5-4) assembly (3) through the oil cylinder (2-3), a central slag outlet is opened on the back plate of the cutter disc (1) corresponding to the slag receiving bucket (2-2), and baffles capable of blocking the central slag outlet are arranged at both the front and rear ends of the slag receiving bucket (2-2).

2. A composite TBM with two slag discharge modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hob mounting seat (1-1) is arranged on the panel of the cutter disc (1), and a scraper plate mounting seat (1-2) and a slag inlet (1-3) are arranged at the edge of the panel of the cutter disc (1); a plurality of slag outlets (1-4) are symmetrically arranged at the edge of the back plate of the cutter disc (1), and a plurality of groups of slag sliding plates (1-5) are arranged between the panel and the back plate of the cutter disc (1).

3. A composite TBM with two slag discharge modes according to claim 2, characterized in that: A roller cutter is arranged on the roller cutter mounting seat (1-1), and a scraper plate is arranged on the scraper plate mounting seat (1-2).

4. The composite TBM with two slag discharge modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baffle plate at the front end of the scraper plate is located between the front panel and the back panel of the cutter disc (1), and the baffle plate at the rear end of the scraper plate is located at the rear side of the back panel of the cutter disc (1).

5. A method for using a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes, characterized in that: A composite TBM with two slag discharge modes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is used, comprising: When the surrounding rock has good self-stability, the central slag discharge method is adopted; When the surrounding rock is broken and lacks water, a large amount of rock debris in front of the cutterhead (1) and on the top of the tunnel collapses and enters the cutterhead (1), making it difficult for the cutterhead (1) to rotate continuously. A method of bottom slag discharge assisting center slag discharge is adopted; When the surrounding rock is broken and rich in water, in order to prevent the open center slag discharge method from causing water gushing and mud bursting, only the bottom slag discharge method is used.

6. The method for using a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the central slag discharge method is adopted, the belt conveyor (2-1) and the slag receiving bucket (2-2) extend into the center of the cutter disc (1), and the scraper plates around the cutter disc (1) scrape the rock slag that falls to the bottom of the tunnel after the roller cuts through the slag inlet (1-3) into the space between the front plate and the back plate of the cutter disc (1). The rock slag that enters the space between the front plate and the back plate of the cutter disc (1) is lifted as the cutter disc (1) rotates. Under the action of its own weight, the rock slag slides radially along the slag chute (1-5) between the front plate and the back plate of the cutter disc (1) to the slag receiving bucket (2-2) at the center of the cutter disc (1), and is then transported to the rear through the belt conveyor (2-1).

7. The method for using a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the bottom slag discharge and central slag discharge method is adopted, a slag discharge opening (1-4) on the back of the cutter disc (1) is rotated to the bottom of the tunnel through the cutter disc (1) escape mode, and then the telescopic shaft (5-1) of the screw machine assembly (5) is extended into the slag discharge opening (1-4) at the bottom of the cutter disc (1), and then the gate (5-3) at the rear of the screw machine assembly is opened, and the rock slag accumulated in the cutter disc (1) is discharged backwards through the screw machine assembly (5). When the amount of rock slag accumulated in the cutter disc (1) is reduced and the cutter disc (1) can rotate continuously, the telescopic shaft (5-1) of the screw machine assembly (5) is retracted, and the belt conveyor (2-1) is used to discharge the slag.

8. The method for using a composite TBM with two slag discharge modes according to claim 5, characterized in that: In order to prevent water and mud from gushing out due to the open center slag discharge method, when the bottom slag discharge method is adopted, first, the belt conveyor (2-1) and the slag receiving bucket (2-2) are retracted from the center of the cutter disc (1), and the baffle on the slag receiving bucket (2-2) closes the center slag discharge port on the back plate of the cutter disc (1). Then, the telescopic shaft (5-1) of the screw conveyor assembly (5) is extended into the slag discharge port (1-4) at the bottom of the cutter disc (1), and the rock slag is discharged backwards through the screw conveyor assembly. The water and mud gushing out is controlled by adjusting the opening and closing of the tail gate (5-3) of the screw conveyor assembly (5). After most of the rock slag accumulated in the cutter disc (1) is discharged, the telescopic shaft (5-1) of the screw conveyor assembly (5) is retracted and the tail gate (5-3) is closed. The cutter disc (1) rotates, the thrust cylinder (6) is extended, and the TBM excavates the rock and advances forward.

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