A driver's position ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses an ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system and control method for the driver's position. The system includes a comprehensive filtration device, an air supply device, an automatic dust removal device, an emergency safety device, and a main control box. The comprehensive filtration device includes a coarse filter screen, activated carbon filter cotton, and a fine filter cartridge. The air supply device includes a turbocharger fan, a refrigeration mechanism, and an exhaust mechanism. The automatic dust removal device includes an air tank, a pulse valve, and a nozzle. The emergency safety device includes a suction mechanism, a clean gas control valve, a suction port connecting pipe, a three-way connecting valve, a protective mask, a guide pipe, a suction switching control valve, and a duct. This invention can effectively filter fine particulate matter and harmful gases in harsh, open working environments, and is particularly suitable for installation on coal mining equipment such as tunneling machines, underground loaders, and mining scraper loaders used in harsh, open underground coal mine environments to maximize the health and safety of drivers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a fresh air system and a control method, in particular to an ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system and a control method for the driver position of coal mining equipment such as tunneling machines, underground mining loaders, and mining bucket loaders, belonging to the technical field of mine dust prevention and control. Background Art

[0002] Dust is an inevitable problem in the mining process. It is mainly generated by production activities such as blasting, mechanical chiseling, cutting, friction, and vibration. These dusts include fine particles of solid substances such as rock dust and mine dust, collectively referred to as mine dust or mine dust. The generation of mine dust is mainly concentrated in the drilling and blasting process, crushing, screening, belt transmission, transportation, and reprinting. Mine dust removal technology usually has solutions such as water spray dust removal, vacuum dust removal, filtration dust removal, and high-voltage electrostatic dust removal. However, at present, there is no real dust removal technology for harsh open working environments such as mines in China. Especially for the working face operation site of coal mining equipment such as tunneling machines, underground mine loaders, and mine bucket loaders that require drivers to drive and operate, the working environment often faces multiple challenges such as dust, harmful gases, high temperature, and high humidity. These factors not only affect the driver's work efficiency, but also seriously threaten the driver's health and safety.

[0003] Traditional dust protection devices for drivers usually include simple ventilation systems and basic dust masks, but these measures are often inadequate when faced with high-intensity underground work and harsh open working environments. They have problems such as high energy consumption, difficulty in effectively filtering fine particles and harmful gases, and inability to respond to emergencies in a timely manner. How to effectively filter fine particles and harmful gases in harsh open working environments to maximize the health and safety of drivers is still a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system and control method for the driver's position, which can effectively filter fine particulate matter and harmful gases in harsh open working environments. The system is particularly suitable for installation on coal mining equipment such as tunneling machines, underground mine loaders, and mine bucket loaders that are used in harsh open working environments underground in coal mines to maximize the protection of the driver's health and safety.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, this driver position ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system is installed on the coal mining equipment, including a comprehensive filtering device, an air supply device, an automatic dust cleaning device, an emergency safety device and a main control box;

[0006] The comprehensive filtering device includes a coarse filter screen, an activated carbon filter cotton and a fine filter cartridge in sequence from outside to inside along the flow direction of the airflow. The activated carbon filter cotton is installed close to the inner surface of the coarse filter screen. A plurality of fine filter cartridges are fixedly installed on a fixed vertical plate that is sealed and fixed to the box-shaped inner surface of the comprehensive filtering device. A dust collection bin is formed between the fixed vertical plate and the coarse filter screen, and a detachable dust collection structure is provided at the bottom of the dust collection bin. A pressure difference detector for detecting the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the fine filter cartridge is also provided on the comprehensive filtering device.

[0007] The air supply device includes a turbocharger fan, a refrigeration mechanism and an exhaust mechanism. The turbocharger fan includes a fan drive motor. The air induction end of the turbocharger fan is sealed and connected to the fixed vertical plate. The exhaust end of the turbocharger fan is arranged corresponding to the exhaust mechanism. The refrigeration mechanism is installed on the turbocharger fan. The exhaust mechanism includes a plurality of exhaust blades arranged side by side in a shutter structure and a blade swing adjustment structure.

[0008] The automatic dust cleaning device includes an air storage tank, a pulse valve and a nozzle; the air storage tank is fixedly installed on one side of the integrated filtering device, and is provided with an air storage tank air inlet and an air storage tank air outlet, and the air storage tank air inlet is connected to a high-pressure air source through a pipeline; the pulse valve is fixedly installed on the air storage tank, and the pressure gas input end of the pulse valve is connected to the air storage tank in a sealed installation; the nozzle is connected to the pressure gas output end of the pulse valve in a sealed installation, and the nozzle is located in the dust collection bin, and is provided with a plurality of nozzles;

[0009] The emergency safety device includes an air suction mechanism, a clean gas control valve, an air suction port connecting pipe, a three-way connecting valve, a protective mask, a flow guide pipe, an air suction switching control valve and an air guide pipe; the air suction mechanism is arranged on the exhaust mechanism, the air suction mechanism is provided with an air inlet, and the air suction mechanism is also provided with a dust concentration sensor and a gas sensor; the input end of the clean gas control valve is sealed and installed through-connected with the air inlet of the air suction mechanism; one end of the air suction port connecting pipe is sealed and installed through-connected with the output end of the clean gas control valve, and the other end of the air suction port connecting pipe is sealed and installed through-connected with the first passage of the three-way connecting valve; the second passage of the three-way connecting valve is sealed and installed through-connected with the protective mask through the flow regulating valve and the hose, the third passage of the three-way connecting valve is sealed and installed through-connected with the output end of the air suction switching control valve through the flow guide pipe, and the input end of the air suction switching control valve is sealed and installed through-connected with the air outlet of the gas storage tank through the air guide pipe;

[0010] The main control box includes a controller, an electric energy supply circuit and a fresh air control circuit. The controller is electrically connected to the fan drive motor, the refrigeration mechanism, the blade swing adjustment structure of the exhaust mechanism, the pressure difference detector, the pulse valve, the clean gas control valve, the suction switching control valve, the dust concentration sensor and the gas sensor.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position also includes an intelligent human body detection device electrically connected to the controller of the main control box, and the intelligent human body detection device includes a human body temperature thermal imaging scanner.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the coal mining equipment is a tunneling machine, which includes a tunneling working device installed on the main body of the tunneling machine, and the tunneling working device includes a tunneling head, a piston mechanism, an air storage mechanism, an electric energy storage mechanism, a support mechanism, a magnetic induction coil, a heat storage mechanism, a thermal switch and an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism; the tunneling working device is installed on the main body of the tunneling machine through the support mechanism; the rear end of the tunneling head with a hollow inner cavity structure is coaxially fixedly installed and connected with the front end of the piston mechanism of the shaft sleeve structure, and the rear end of the piston mechanism of the shaft sleeve structure is connected to the The barrel mouth end of the air storage mechanism of the barrel structure is coaxially fixedly installed and connected, and the inner cavity of the tunneling head, the inner cavity of the piston mechanism and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism together form a closed vacuum space; an elastic airbag I is provided in the tunneling head, and the elastic airbag I is filled with a pressurized gas working medium, an elastic airbag II is provided in the air storage mechanism, and the elastic airbag II is filled with a pressurized gas working medium, the air storage mechanism also includes an air pressure sensor arranged in the elastic airbag II, and a piston cylinder I and a piston cylinder II are coaxially fixedly provided in the piston mechanism, and the piston I and the piston cylinder II in the piston cylinder I are The piston II in the piston cylinder II is coaxially fixedly installed and connected through the piston connecting rod, the piston I of the piston cylinder I is drivingly connected to the elastic airbag I, and the piston II of the piston cylinder II is drivingly connected to the elastic airbag II; the magnetic induction coil is coaxially fixedly arranged inside or outside the piston mechanism, and the magnetic induction coil is in a state of being sleeved on the outside of the piston connecting rod. The electric energy storage mechanism including the charging and discharging circuit and the rechargeable battery is installed on the main body of the tunneling machine, and the two ends of the piston connecting rod are electrically connected to the electric energy storage mechanism through wires; the heat storage mechanism includes a filling heat conductive coating and a heat insulating coating, including a charging and discharging circuit of a heat conductive material. A filled thermally conductive coating is arranged on the inner surface of the enclosed vacuum space, and the filled thermally conductive coating on the inner surface of the tunneling head is connected to the filled thermally conductive coating on the inner surface of the piston mechanism through a thermally conductive switch, and the thermally insulating coating including the thermally insulating material is at least arranged on the outer surface of the piston mechanism; the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism is arranged in contact with the elastic airbag I, or the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism is arranged in the elastic airbag I, and a thermal phase change material is arranged in the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism; the electric energy storage mechanism, the air pressure sensor, the thermally conductive switch and the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism are respectively electrically connected to the controller of the main control box.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the refrigeration mechanism is a closed-loop structure including a compressor, an evaporator and a condenser. The evaporator includes a heat exchange tube coiled and arranged outside the turbocharger fan. One end of the heat exchange tube is an inlet and the other end is an outlet. The inlet is connected to the output end of the compressor, the outlet is connected to the input end of the condenser, the output end of the condenser is connected to the input end of the compressor, and the refrigerant is arranged in the closed-loop structure.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the refrigerant is ammonia, and the controller automatically adjusts the liquid ammonia flow rate flowing through the external heat exchange tube of the turbocharger fan. The liquid ammonia flow rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0015] C 氨 =m×Cp×ΔT×L×A×K×ΔT / hfg

[0016] Where: C 氨 is the flow rate of liquid ammonia entering the external heat exchange tube of the turbocharger fan; Cp is the specific heat capacity of ammonia; K is the thermal conductivity; m is the mass flow rate of liquid ammonia; L is the length of the external heat exchange tube of the turbocharger fan; ΔT is the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the external heat exchange tube of the turbocharger fan; Q is the heat generated by the turbocharger fan; hfg is the latent heat of ammonia.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the emergency safety device further comprises a multi-phase separation composite filter, and the multi-phase separation composite filter is installed on the input end of the suction switching control valve.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pressure gauge is provided on the gas storage tank, and the pressure gauge is electrically connected to the controller of the main control box.

[0019] A method for controlling a fresh air system for ultra-clean individual respiratory protection at a driver's position, wherein in an initial state, a clean gas control valve and a flow regulating valve are in an open state, and an air suction switching control valve and a pulse valve are in a closed state;

[0020] After the driver wears a protective mask, the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system at the driver's position is started, the fan drive motor is started, and the dust gas in the working environment is filtered through the coarse filter, activated carbon filter cotton and fine filter cartridge in turn, and then discharged through the exhaust mechanism. A part of the fresh air discharged by the exhaust mechanism enters the driver's cab of the coal mining equipment. The controller automatically adjusts the refrigeration mechanism to cool the pressurized air discharged by the turbocharger fan according to the changes in the driver's body surface temperature fed back by the intelligent human body detection device; at the same time, the controller automatically adjusts the swing angle of the exhaust blades and automatically controls the exhaust volume according to the changes in the driver's body surface temperature fed back by the intelligent human body detection device; another part of the fresh air discharged by the exhaust mechanism enters the suction mechanism, and enters the protective mask worn by the driver through the suction port connecting pipe and the three-way connecting valve. The driver controls the air volume of the fresh air entering the protective mask by adjusting the flow regulating valve;

[0021] When the differential pressure detector detects that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the filter cartridge exceeds the set value, the controller controls the closing of the clean gas control valve and opens the suction switch control valve and the pulse valve at the same time. The high-pressure gas in the gas storage tank is ejected from the nozzle through the pulse valve and the nozzle pipe to perform high-pressure gas pulse cleaning on the fine filter cartridge. At the same time, the gas in the gas storage tank passes through the suction switch control valve, the guide pipe and the three-way connecting valve in turn into the protective mask worn by the driver; after completing the automatic cleaning, the controller controls the clean gas control valve, the suction switch control valve and the pulse valve to return to the initial state;

[0022] When the dust concentration sensor detects that the dust concentration in the fresh air entering the exhaust mechanism exceeds the set value, the dust concentration sensor sends an alarm signal to the controller, and the controller controls to turn off the fan drive motor and the clean gas control valve, and opens the suction switch control valve at the same time. The gas in the gas storage tank enters the protective mask worn by the driver through the suction switch control valve, the guide pipe and the three-way connection valve in turn;

[0023] When the gas sensor detects that the gas concentration in the fresh air entering the exhaust mechanism exceeds the set value, the gas sensor sends an alarm signal to the controller: when the gas concentration exceeds 0.6%, the controller controls the shutdown of the fan drive motor and the clean gas control valve, and opens the suction switch control valve at the same time. The gas in the gas tank enters the protective mask worn by the driver through the suction switch control valve, the guide pipe and the three-way connecting valve in turn; when the gas concentration exceeds 0.8%, the controller sends a warning signal and controls the shutdown of the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system and coal mine excavation equipment at the driver's position, and enters an emergency shutdown state.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, during the tunneling operation of the tunneling machine, the thermal switch is in the open state in the initial state, and the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head is transferred through the filling thermal conductive coating. The pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag Ⅰ located inside the tunneling head expands in volume after absorbing heat, so that the elastic airbag Ⅰ pushes the piston Ⅰ of the piston cylinder Ⅰ to drive the piston Ⅱ of the piston cylinder Ⅱ to move backward through the piston connecting rod. While the piston Ⅱ moves backward, it compresses the elastic airbag Ⅱ. When the air pressure sensor in the elastic airbag Ⅱ feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag Ⅱ reaches the set value, the controller controls the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism to perform heat absorption phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag Ⅰ is reduced in volume after absorbing heat. At the same time, the controller controls the closing of the thermal conductive switch, and the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head is transferred to the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism through the filling thermal conductive coating, so that the elastic airbag The pressure gas working medium of bag II expands in volume after absorbing heat, and the elastic airbag II pushes the piston II of the piston cylinder II to drive the piston I of the piston cylinder I to move forward together through the piston connecting rod. When the air pressure sensor in the elastic airbag II feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II reaches the set value, the controller controls the electronically controlled thermal phase change mechanism to perform heat release phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag I expands in volume after absorbing heat again. At the same time, the controller controls to open the heat conduction switch, and the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag II shrinks in volume after cooling. The elastic airbag I pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I again through the piston connecting rod to drive the piston II of the piston cylinder II to move backward together, and so on, to realize the back-and-forth reciprocating movement of the piston connecting rod. During the back-and-forth reciprocating movement of the piston connecting rod, the magnetic flux lines of the magnetic induction coil are cut, and the generated electrical energy is input through the wire and stored in the electrical energy storage mechanism.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, the electrically-controlled thermal phase change mechanism is provided in two groups, one group is provided in contact with the elastic airbag I, or in the elastic airbag I, and the other group is provided in contact with the elastic airbag II, or in the elastic airbag II. By controlling the alternating endothermic phase change and exothermic phase change of the two groups of electrically-controlled thermal phase change mechanisms, the coordinated action of the elastic airbag I and the elastic airbag II can be controlled.

[0026] Compared with the existing technology, the ultra-clean personal respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The comprehensive filtering device of the present invention adopts a multi-stage filtering design of a coarse filter screen, an activated carbon filter cotton and a fine filter cartridge, which can effectively remove dust particles of different particle sizes and harmful gases. In particular, the use of activated carbon filter cotton can effectively absorb harmful gases such as gas and greatly improve the quality of fresh air; in addition, the design of the automatic dust cleaning device and the dust collection bin can clean up the accumulated dust in time, ensure the continuity of the filtering effect, and improve the air purification effect and the long-term stability of the system;

[0028] 2. The present invention aims at the problem of stuffiness and large resistance in breathing during underground work. By using technologies such as the pressurization of the turbocharger fan, the cooling of the refrigeration mechanism and the intelligent air outlet control of the exhaust mechanism, the temperature and air volume of the fresh air can be automatically adjusted according to the feedback of the intelligent human body detection device, and the air supply temperature and air volume can be accurately adjusted. This can not only improve the energy utilization efficiency, but also automatically provide the most comfortable working environment according to the actual needs of the driver, which can greatly improve the working comfort and health protection of the driver;

[0029] 3. The combined design of the emergency safety device, the automatic dust cleaning device and the air supply device of the present invention can automatically cut off the air supply channel for the protective mask through the air supply device when it is detected that high-pressure gas pulse dust cleaning is required, and switch to supply air to the protective mask through the gas storage tank of the automatic dust cleaning device, ensuring that fine particles will not enter the protective mask during the high-pressure gas pulse dust cleaning. When abnormal air quality is detected, the air supply channel for the protective mask through the air supply device can be automatically cut off, and switch to supply air to the protective mask through the gas storage tank of the automatic dust cleaning device, which can ensure that the driver is provided with continuous clean air in an emergency situation where the dust concentration exceeds the standard or the gas concentration exceeds the standard. The multiple protection mechanisms can greatly improve the safety of the system;

[0030] 4. For the tunnel boring machine, the present invention recovers the heat energy generated during the tunneling process of the tunnel boring machine and converts it into electrical energy to power the fresh air system. This not only reduces the dependence on external power sources, but also enables the fresh air system to continue to work under conditions where the power supply is unstable or limited. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of the present invention disposed on a tunnel boring machine;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunneling working device of the tunnel boring machine;

[0033] Figure 3 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the self-generating process of the tunneling working device of the tunneling machine during the tunneling operation, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the elastic airbag I pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I to drive the piston II of the piston cylinder II to move backward through the piston connecting rod, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the elastic airbag II pushes the piston II of the piston cylinder II to drive the piston I of the piston cylinder I to move forward through the piston connecting rod;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the comprehensive filtering device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the air supply device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the automatic dust cleaning device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the emergency safety device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the gas purification and air supply process of the present invention.

[0039] In the figure: 1. main body of the tunnel boring machine, 2. tunnel boring working device, 21. tunnel boring head, 211. filling heat conductive coating, 212. heat insulating coating, 22. piston mechanism, 221. piston cylinder I, 222. piston cylinder II, 223. piston connecting rod, 224. piston connecting rod guide structure, 23. air storage mechanism, 231. air pressure sensor, 24. reserve power mechanism, 25. support mechanism, 26. magnetic induction coil, 271. elastic airbag I, 272. elastic airbag II, 28. thermal switch, 29. electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism, 3. comprehensive filtering device, 31. fine filter cartridge, 32. fixed vertical plate, 33. ash collection structure, 34. activated carbon filter cotton, 35. coarse filter screen, 36. differential pressure detector, 4. air supply device, 41. turbocharger fan, 42. fan drive Motor, 43. Refrigeration mechanism, 431. Inlet pipe, 432. Outlet pipe, 44. Exhaust mechanism, 441. Exhaust blades, 5. Automatic dust cleaning device, 51. Gas tank, 52. Gas tank air inlet, 53. Pulse valve, 54. Nozzle, 55. Nozzle, 56. Pressure gauge, 57. Gas tank outlet, 6. Emergency safety device, 60. Three-way connecting valve, 61. Guide pipe, 612. Air guide pipe, 62. Suction port connecting pipe, 63. Suction mechanism, 64. Protective mask, 641. Flow regulating valve, 65. Suction switching control valve, 66. Clean gas control valve, 67. Multiphase separation composite filter, 68. Dust concentration sensor, 69. Gas sensor, 7. Track, 8. Intelligent human body detection device, 9. Tunneling machine cab, 10 main control box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following takes the installation of the driver's position ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system on a roadheader as an example, and further describes the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings (hereinafter referred to as Figure 2 , Figure 3 The left and right directions are described as the front-back directions).

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the tunnel boring machine includes a tunnel boring machine body 1 , a tunnel boring work device 2 and a tunnel boring machine cab 9 installed on the tunnel boring machine body 1 , and a walking chassis including crawler tracks 7 is provided at the bottom of the tunnel boring machine body 1 .

[0042] The ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position is installed on the main body 1 of the tunnel boring machine, and includes a comprehensive filtering device 3, an air supply device 4, an automatic dust cleaning device 5, an emergency safety device 6, an intelligent human body detection device 8 and a main control box 10.

[0043] like Figure 4 , Figure 8 As shown, the integrated filtering device 3 with an overall box-shaped structure includes a coarse filter screen 35, an activated carbon filter cotton 34 and a fine filter cartridge 31 in sequence from outside to inside along the flow direction of the airflow. The activated carbon filter cotton 34 with a large pore size is installed close to the inner surface of the coarse filter screen 35, and multiple fine filter cartridges 31 are fixedly installed on a fixed vertical plate 32 that is sealed and fixed to the box-shaped inner surface of the integrated filtering device 3, and the exhaust port of the fine filter cartridge 31 is arranged corresponding to the air supply device 4. A dust collection bin is formed between the fixed vertical plate 32 and the coarse filter screen 35, and a detachable ash collecting structure 33 is provided at the bottom of the dust collection bin. The ash collecting structure 33 can be a drawer-type structure that is easy to disassemble and assemble. The ash collecting structure 33 is used to collect dust particles that fall from the surface of the fine filter cartridge 31 to the dust collection bin after being filtered by the fine filter cartridge 31. A pressure difference detector 36 for detecting the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the fine filter cartridge 31 is also provided on the fixed vertical plate 32.

[0044] like Figure 5 , Figure 8 As shown, the air supply device 4 of the overall box-type structure is sealed and docked on the fixed vertical plate 32 of the integrated filtering device 3, the air supply device 4 includes a turbocharger fan 41, a refrigeration mechanism 43 and an exhaust mechanism 44, the turbocharger fan 41 includes a fan drive motor 42, the air inlet end of the turbocharger fan 41 is sealed and docked with the fixed vertical plate 32 through an air guide cover, the exhaust end of the turbocharger fan 41 is arranged corresponding to the exhaust mechanism 44, the refrigeration mechanism 43 is installed on the turbocharger fan 41, and is used to cool the pressurized air discharged by the turbocharger fan 41. The refrigeration mechanism 43 is a prior art and will not be described in detail here. The exhaust mechanism 44 includes a plurality of exhaust blades 441 arranged side by side in a shutter structure and a blade swing adjustment structure for adjusting the swing angle of the exhaust blade 441. By controlling the action of the blade swing adjustment structure, the swing angle of the exhaust blade 441 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the amount of air discharged through the exhaust mechanism 44. The blade swing adjustment structure is a prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0045] like Figure 6As shown, the automatic dust cleaning device 5 includes an air tank 51, a pulse valve 53 and a nozzle 55; the air tank 51 is fixedly installed on one side of the integrated filtering device 3, and is provided with an air tank air inlet 52 and an air tank air outlet 57. The air tank air inlet 52 is connected to a high-pressure gas source through a pipeline. The high-pressure gas source can be a high-pressure gas pipe of the excavation working face. To ensure the working pressure of the high-pressure gas in the air tank 51, a pressure gauge 56 can also be provided on the air tank 51; the pulse valve 53 is fixedly installed on the air tank 51, and the pressure gas input end of the pulse valve 53 is sealed and connected to the air tank 51; the nozzle 55 is sealed and connected to the pressure gas output end of the pulse valve 53, and the nozzle 55 is located in the dust collection bin, and a plurality of nozzles 54 are provided on the nozzle 55. The spraying directions of the plurality of nozzles 54 can be respectively set facing the fine filter cartridge 31 and the activated carbon filter cotton 34. To improve the pulse dust cleaning efficiency, a plurality of nozzles 55 can be provided.

[0046] like Figure 7 As shown, the emergency safety device 6 includes an air suction mechanism 63, a clean gas control valve 66, an air suction port connecting pipe 62, a three-way connecting valve 60, a protective mask 64, a guide pipe 61, an air suction switching control valve 65, a multi-phase separation composite filter 67 and an air guide pipe 612; the air suction mechanism 63 is blocked and arranged at the bottom of the exhaust mechanism 44 and below the exhaust blade 441, and an air inlet is arranged on the air suction mechanism 63. The air suction mechanism 63 is used to introduce the air discharged by the exhaust mechanism 44 into the emergency safety device 6, and the air suction mechanism 63 is also provided with a dust concentration sensor 68 and a gas sensor 69; the input end of the clean gas control valve 66 is connected to the input end of the air suction mechanism 63. The air vent is sealed and installed through-connected; one end of the air suction port connecting pipe 62 is sealed and installed through-connected to the output end of the clean gas control valve 66, and the other end of the air suction port connecting pipe 62 is sealed and installed through-connected to the first passage of the three-way connecting valve 60; the second passage of the three-way connecting valve 60 is sealed and installed through-connected to the protective mask 64 through the flow regulating valve 641 and the hose, and the third passage of the three-way connecting valve 60 is sealed and installed through-connected to the output end of the suction switching control valve 65 through the guide pipe 61, and the input end of the suction switching control valve 65 is sealed and installed through-connected to the air outlet 57 of the air storage tank through the multi-phase separation composite filter 67 and the air guide pipe 612.

[0047] The intelligent human body detection device 8 is arranged in the cab 9 of the tunnel boring machine. The intelligent human body detection device 8 includes a human body detection scanner and a human body temperature thermal imaging scanner. The intelligent human body detection device 8 can determine whether there is a driver in the cab 9 of the tunnel boring machine and monitor the changes in the driver's body surface temperature by scanning. The human body detection scanner and the human body temperature thermal imaging scanner are both existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] The main control box 10 is fixedly installed on the tunnel boring machine body 1. The main control box 10 can be set in the tunnel boring machine cab 9. The main control box 10 includes a controller and an electric energy supply circuit and a fresh air control circuit. The controller is electrically connected to the tunnel boring machine power supply, the fan drive motor 42, the refrigeration mechanism 43, the blade swing adjustment structure of the exhaust mechanism 44, the intelligent human body detection device 8, the pressure difference detector 36, the pulse valve 53, the pressure gauge 56, the clean gas control valve 66, the suction switching control valve 65, the dust concentration sensor 68 and the gas sensor 69.

[0049] The working principle of this driver's position ultra-clean personal respiratory protection fresh air system is as follows:

[0050] Before the tunnel boring machine performs tunnel boring operations, the air inlet 52 of the air tank 51 is connected to the high-pressure air pipe of the tunnel boring working face through a pipeline. The high-pressure air pipe of the tunnel boring working face can continuously and stably supply high-pressure gas to the air tank 51. The gas pressure inside the air tank 51 is not less than 0.3MPa. The tunnel boring machine driver wears a protective mask 64, starts the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system at the driver's position, and starts the tunnel boring machine to perform tunnel boring operations.

[0051] In the initial state of the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system at the driver's position, the clean gas control valve 66 and the flow regulating valve 641 are in the open state, and the suction switching control valve 65 and the pulse valve 53 are in the closed state;

[0052] like Figure 8 As shown, during the excavation operation of the tunnel boring machine, the dust gas in the working environment enters the comprehensive filtering device 3 for filtering under the suction action of the turbocharger fan 41, and is first intercepted by the coarse filter 35 for large dust particles, and then absorbed by the activated carbon filter cotton 34 for gas and other substances, and then filtered by the fine filter cartridge 31 on the fixed vertical plate 32 for small dust particles, and the dust collecting structure 33 collects the dust falling from the surface of the fine filter cartridge 31;

[0053] The clean gas treated by the comprehensive filtering device 3 enters the air supply device 4, and after the gas pressure and air volume are increased by the turbocharger fan 41, it flows to the exhaust mechanism 44. The controller automatically adjusts the refrigeration mechanism 43 to cool the pressurized air discharged by the turbocharger fan 41 according to the change of the driver's body surface temperature fed back by the intelligent human body detection device 8; the fresh air at the top of the exhaust mechanism 44 enters the driving cab 9 of the tunnel boring machine to clean the air around the driver. The controller automatically adjusts the swing angle of the exhaust blade 441 according to the change of the driver's body surface temperature fed back by the intelligent human body detection device 8 to automatically control the exhaust volume; the fresh air at the bottom of the exhaust mechanism 44 enters the suction mechanism 63, and enters the protective mask 64 worn by the driver through the suction port connecting pipe 62 and the three-way connecting valve 60. The driver can control the air volume of the fresh air entering the protective mask 64 by adjusting the flow regulating valve 641;

[0054] When the pressure difference detector 36 detects that the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the filter cartridge 51 is too large and high-pressure gas pulse cleaning is required, the controller controls the closing of the clean gas control valve 66 and opens the suction switch control valve 65 and the pulse valve 53 at the same time. The high-pressure gas in the gas storage tank 51 is ejected from the nozzle 54 through the pulse valve 53 and the nozzle 55 to perform high-pressure gas pulse cleaning on the fine filter cartridge 31. At the same time, the gas in the gas storage tank 51 passes through the multi-phase separation composite filter 67, the suction switch control valve 65, the guide pipe 61 and the three-way connecting valve 60 in sequence to enter the protective mask 64 worn by the driver, ensuring that fine particles will not enter the protective mask 64 through the suction mechanism 63 during the high-pressure gas pulse cleaning. When the gas storage tank 51 is damaged or leaking, resulting in insufficient gas storage, the pressure gauge 56 can send an alarm signal to the controller. After the automatic cleaning process is completed, the controller controls the clean gas control valve 66, the suction switch control valve 65 and the pulse valve 53 to return to the initial state;

[0055] When the dust concentration sensor 68 in the emergency safety device 6 detects that the dust concentration in the fresh air entering the exhaust mechanism 44 exceeds the specified limit, the dust concentration sensor 68 sends an alarm signal to the controller, and the controller controls to turn off the fan drive motor 42 and the clean gas control valve 66, and opens the suction switch control valve 65 at the same time, and the gas in the gas storage tank 51 passes through the multi-phase separation composite filter 67, the suction switch control valve 65, the guide pipe 61 and the three-way connection valve 60 in sequence to enter the protective mask 64 worn by the driver, ensuring that a continuous supply of clean air is provided to the driver in an emergency situation where the dust concentration exceeds the standard. The driver can stop the excavation operation and check whether the fine filter cartridge 31, the coarse filter screen 35 or the activated carbon filter cotton 34 is damaged;

[0056] When the gas sensor 69 in the emergency safety device 6 detects that the gas concentration in the fresh air entering the exhaust mechanism 44 exceeds the specified limit, the gas sensor 69 sends an alarm signal to the controller: when the gas concentration exceeds 0.6%, the controller controls to close the fan drive motor 42 and the clean gas control valve 66, and opens the suction switch control valve 65 at the same time, and the gas in the gas storage tank 51 passes through the multi-phase separation composite filter 67, the suction switch control valve 65, the guide pipe 61 and the three-way connecting valve 60 in turn to enter the protective mask 64 worn by the driver to prevent the gas from causing harm to the human body; when the gas concentration exceeds 0.8%, the controller controls to close the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system at the driver's position, and the entire system and the tunnel boring machine enter an emergency shutdown state to prevent possible gas explosions; the graded response mechanism is intended to take corresponding safety protection measures according to different levels of gas concentration to maximize the safety of the driver.

[0057] In order to reduce energy consumption, as a further improvement of the present invention, the heat energy during the excavation of the tunnel boring machine is recovered and converted into electrical energy to provide auxiliary power to the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system at the driver's position. Specifically: Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the excavation working device 2 of the tunnel boring machine includes a tunnel boring head 21, a piston mechanism 22, an air storage mechanism 23, an electric energy storage mechanism 24, a support mechanism 25, a magnetic induction coil 26, a heat storage mechanism, a thermal switch 28 and an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29; the tunnel boring working device 2 is installed on the tunnel boring machine body 1 through the support mechanism 25; the rear end of the tunnel boring head 21 with a hollow inner cavity structure is coaxially fixedly installed and connected with the front end of the piston mechanism 22 with a sleeve structure, the rear end of the piston mechanism 22 with a sleeve structure is coaxially fixedly installed and connected with the barrel mouth end of the air storage mechanism 23 with a barrel structure, and the inner cavity of the tunnel boring head 21, the inner cavity of the piston mechanism 22 and the air storage mechanism 2 3 together form a closed vacuum space; an elastic airbag I 271 is provided in the tunneling head 21, and the elastic airbag I 271 is filled with a pressurized gas working medium, an elastic airbag II 272 is provided in the air storage mechanism 23, and the elastic airbag II 272 is filled with a pressurized gas working medium, the pressurized gas working medium is a gas with a high thermal conductivity such as hydrogen or helium, preferably helium, the air storage mechanism 23 also includes a pressure sensor 231 arranged in the elastic airbag II 272, a piston cylinder I 221 and a piston cylinder II 222 are coaxially fixedly provided in the piston mechanism 22, and the piston I in the piston cylinder I 221 and the piston II in the piston cylinder II 222 are connected by a piston The connecting rod 223 is coaxially fixedly installed and connected. In order to ensure the stable coaxial movement of the piston connecting rod 223 in the front-to-back direction and prevent unbalanced load, the piston connecting rod 223 can be connected to the piston mechanism 22 through a piston connecting rod guide structure 224 fixedly arranged in the piston mechanism 22 sleeve structure along the front-to-back direction. The piston connecting rod guide structure 224 can be a guide rail arranged in the piston mechanism 22 sleeve structure and a guide wheel structure matched with the piston connecting rod 223, or a slide rail arranged in the piston mechanism 22 sleeve structure and a slider structure matched with the piston connecting rod 223 and other linear displacement guide structures. The front end of the piston I of the piston cylinder I 221 is connected to the elastic airbag Ⅰ271 is transmission connected, the rear end of the piston Ⅱ of the piston cylinder Ⅱ222 is transmission connected with the elastic airbag Ⅱ272. In order to achieve a better thermal expansion transmission effect, the front end of the piston Ⅰ of the piston cylinder Ⅰ221 can be coaxially arranged with the elastic airbag Ⅰ271, and the rear end of the piston Ⅱ of the piston cylinder Ⅱ222 can be coaxially arranged with the elastic airbag Ⅱ272; the magnetic induction coil 26 is coaxially fixedly arranged inside or outside the piston mechanism 22, and the magnetic induction coil 26 is in a state of being sleeved on the outside of the piston connecting rod 223. The electric energy storage mechanism 24 including the charging and discharging circuit and the rechargeable battery is installed on the tunneling machine body 1, and the two ends of the piston connecting rod 223 are respectively electrically connected to the electric energy storage mechanism 24 through wires;The heat storage mechanism includes a filled heat conductive coating 211 and a heat insulating coating 212. The filled heat conductive coating 211 including high heat conductive materials such as asphalt-based carbon fiber, graphene fiber, graphene composite carbon fiber, etc. is arranged on the inner surface of the boring head 21 and the piston mechanism 22, and the filled heat conductive coating 211 on the inner surface of the boring head 21 is connected to the filled heat conductive coating 211 on the inner surface of the piston mechanism 22 through a heat conductive switch 28. The heat insulating coating 212 including heat insulating materials such as nanoporous aerogel, glass wool, rock wool, etc. is at least arranged on the outer surface of the piston mechanism 22. In order to achieve a better effect of controlling the heat conduction to the inside, the outer surface of the boring head 21 except the knife seat can be A wear-resistant heat-insulating coating including wear-resistant heat-insulating materials such as ceramic fibers, nano-ceramic microbeads, and composite materials made of ceramic fibers and resin matrices is provided; an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 is provided against the elastic airbag Ⅰ271, or the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 is provided in the elastic airbag Ⅰ271, and thermal phase change materials such as molten salt phase change materials, organic phase change materials, and alloy phase change materials are provided in the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29. It is a prior art to control the phase change of thermal phase change materials by electrical control, which will not be described in detail here; the electric energy storage mechanism 24, the air pressure sensor 231, the thermal switch 28, and the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 are electrically connected to the controller of the main control box 10, respectively. During the excavation operation of the tunnel boring machine, the thermal switch 28 is in an open state in the initial state, such as; Figure 3 As shown in (a), the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head 21 is transferred through the filling heat conductive coating 211. Since the heat conductive switch 28 is in the open state, the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head 21 can only be transferred in the inner cavity of the tunneling head 21, and cannot be transferred to the inner cavity of the piston mechanism 22 and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism 23. The pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag Ⅰ 271 located inside the tunneling head 21 expands in volume after absorbing heat, so that the elastic airbag Ⅰ 271 pushes the piston Ⅰ of the piston cylinder Ⅰ 221 through The piston connecting rod 223 drives the piston II of the piston cylinder II 222 to move backwards together. The piston II moves backwards while compressing the elastic airbag II 272. When the air pressure sensor 231 in the elastic airbag II 272 feedbacks that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II 272 reaches the set value, the controller controls the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 to make the thermal phase change material undergo an endothermic phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag I 271 is reduced in volume after being absorbed by the thermal phase change material. At the same time, the controller controls the closed thermal conductive switch 28. Figure 3As shown in (b), the heat energy generated by the excavation operation of the excavation head 21 is transferred to the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism 23 through the filling heat-conducting coating 211, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag II 272 expands in volume after absorbing heat, and the elastic airbag II 272 pushes the piston II of the piston cylinder II 222 to drive the piston I of the piston cylinder I 221 to move forward together through the piston connecting rod 223. When the air pressure sensor 231 in the elastic airbag II 272 feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II 272 reaches the set value, the controller controls the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 to make the thermal phase change material undergo an exothermic phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag I 271 expands in volume after absorbing heat again. At the same time, the controller controls the thermal conductive switch 28 to open and cut off. The heat energy generated by the excavation operation of the tunneling head 21 is transferred to the air storage mechanism 23 through a heat channel, so that the pressure gas working fluid of the elastic airbag II 272 is cooled and its volume is reduced. The elastic airbag I 271 then pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I 221 again, driving the piston II of the piston cylinder II 222 to move backward through the piston connecting rod 223, and so on, to achieve the back-and-forth reciprocating movement of the piston connecting rod 223. During the back-and-forth reciprocating movement of the piston connecting rod 223, the magnetic flux lines of the magnetic induction coil 26 are cut, and the generated electric energy is input through the wire and stored in the electric energy storage mechanism 24, so as to recover the heat during the excavation process of the tunneling machine and convert it into electric energy to provide auxiliary power for the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system at the driver's position. The electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 can be set into two groups, one group is set against the elastic airbag I 271, or is set in the elastic airbag I 271, and the other group is set against the elastic airbag II 272, or is set in the elastic airbag II 272. By controlling the alternating endothermic phase change and exothermic phase change of the two groups of electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanisms 29, the coordinated action of the elastic airbag I 271 and the elastic airbag II 272 can be controlled, thereby achieving the control of the piston connecting rod 223 to move back and forth at a basically consistent speed.

[0058] As an implementation mode of the refrigeration mechanism 43 of the present invention, a compression refrigeration method using a refrigerant is adopted, specifically: Figure 5 , Figure 8As shown, the refrigeration mechanism 43 is a closed-loop structure including a compressor, an evaporator and a condenser. The evaporator includes a heat exchange tube coiled and arranged outside the turbocharger fan 41. One end of the heat exchange tube is an inlet 431 and the other end is an outlet 432. The inlet 431 is connected to the output end of the compressor, and the outlet 432 is connected to the input end of the condenser. The output end of the condenser is connected to the input end of the compressor. The refrigerant is arranged in the closed-loop structure. The compressor is electrically connected to the controller of the main control box 10. The compression refrigeration method is a prior art and will not be described in detail here. As an implementation method of the refrigerant, the refrigerant can be ammonia. When liquid ammonia flows through the heat exchange tube outside the turbocharger fan 41, it absorbs heat to achieve cooling of the boosted air discharged by the turbocharger fan 41. The controller can automatically adjust the liquid ammonia flow rate flowing through the heat exchange tube outside the turbocharger fan 41 according to the change in the driver's body surface temperature fed back by the intelligent human body detection device 8. The liquid ammonia flow rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0059] C 氨 =m×Cp×ΔT×L×A×K×ΔT / hfg

[0060] Where: C 氨 is the flow rate of liquid ammonia entering the external heat exchange tube of turbocharger fan 41; Cp is the specific heat capacity of ammonia; K is the thermal conductivity; m is the mass flow rate of liquid ammonia; L is the length of the external heat exchange tube of turbocharger fan 41; ΔT is the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the external heat exchange tube of turbocharger fan 41; Q is the heat generated by turbocharger fan 41; hfg is the latent heat of ammonia.

[0061] The integrated filtering device 3 of the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver position adopts a multi-stage filtering design, which can effectively filter fine particles and harmful gases in a harsh open working environment; through the pressurization of the turbocharger fan 41, the cooling of the refrigeration mechanism 43 and the intelligent air outlet control of the exhaust mechanism 44, the temperature and air outlet volume of the fresh air can be automatically adjusted according to the feedback of the intelligent human body detection device 8, and the precise adjustment of the air supply temperature and air volume can be achieved, which can not only improve the energy utilization efficiency, but also automatically provide the most comfortable working environment according to the actual needs of the driver, which can greatly improve the working comfort and health protection of the driver; the combined design of the emergency safety device 6 with the automatic dust cleaning device 5 and the air supply device 4 can ensure that the driver is provided with continuous clean air during the high-pressure gas pulse cleaning period or when the dust concentration exceeds the standard or the gas concentration exceeds the standard, and is particularly suitable for installation on coal mining equipment such as tunneling machines, underground mine loaders, and mining bucket loaders used in harsh open working environments underground in coal mines to maximize the health and safety of drivers.

Claims

1. An ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position, installed on coal mining equipment, characterized in that: It comprises a comprehensive filtering device (3), an air supply device (4), an automatic dust cleaning device (5), an emergency safety device (6) and a main control box (10); The integrated filtering device (3) comprises a coarse filter screen (35), an activated carbon filter cotton (34) and a fine filter cartridge (31) in order from outside to inside along the flow direction of the airflow; the activated carbon filter cotton (34) is installed close to the inner surface of the coarse filter screen (35); a plurality of fine filter cartridges (31) are fixedly installed on a fixed vertical plate (32) which is sealed and fixedly installed with the box-shaped inner surface of the integrated filtering device (3); a dust collection bin is formed between the fixed vertical plate (32) and the coarse filter screen (35); and a detachable dust collection structure (33) is provided at the bottom of the dust collection bin; the integrated filtering device (3) is also provided with a pressure difference detector (36) for detecting the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the fine filter cartridge (31); The air supply device (4) comprises a turbocharger fan (41), a refrigeration mechanism (43) and an exhaust mechanism (44); the turbocharger fan (41) comprises a fan drive motor (42); the air induction end of the turbocharger fan (41) is sealed and connected to the fixed vertical plate (32); the exhaust end of the turbocharger fan (41) is arranged corresponding to the exhaust mechanism (44); the refrigeration mechanism (43) is installed on the turbocharger fan (41); the refrigeration mechanism (43) is a closed cycle structure including a compressor, an evaporator and a condenser; The evaporator comprises a heat exchange tube coiled and arranged outside a turbocharger fan (41); one end of the heat exchange tube is an inlet (431) and the other end is an outlet (432); the inlet (431) is connected to the output end of the compressor; the outlet (432) is connected to the input end of the condenser; the output end of the condenser is connected to the input end of the compressor; the refrigerant is arranged in a closed cycle structure; and the exhaust mechanism (44) comprises a plurality of exhaust blades (441) arranged side by side in a shutter structure and a blade swing adjustment structure; The automatic dust cleaning device (5) comprises an air storage tank (51), a pulse valve (53) and a nozzle (55); the air storage tank (51) is fixedly mounted on one side of the integrated filtering device (3); an air storage tank air inlet (52) and an air storage tank air outlet (57) are provided on the air storage tank (51); the air storage tank air inlet (52) is connected to a high-pressure air source through a pipeline; the pulse valve (53) is fixedly mounted on the air storage tank (51), and the pressure gas input end of the pulse valve (53) is sealed and connected to the air storage tank (51); the nozzle (55) is sealed and connected to the pressure gas output end of the pulse valve (53), and the nozzle (55) is located in the dust collection bin, and a plurality of nozzles (54) are provided on the nozzle (55); The emergency safety device (6) comprises an air suction mechanism (63), a clean gas control valve (66), an air suction port connecting pipe (62), a three-way connecting valve (60), a protective mask (64), a flow guide pipe (61), an air suction switching control valve (65) and an air guide pipe (612); the air suction mechanism (63) is arranged on the exhaust mechanism (44), the air suction mechanism (63) is provided with an air inlet, and the air suction mechanism (63) is also provided with a dust concentration sensor (68) and a gas sensor (69); the input end of the clean gas control valve (66) is sealed and connected to the air inlet of the air suction mechanism (63); the air suction port connecting pipe (62) is ... ) is sealed and installed through-connected with the output end of the clean gas control valve (66), and the other end of the air suction port connecting pipe (62) is sealed and installed through-connected with the first passage of the three-way connecting valve (60); the second passage of the three-way connecting valve (60) is sealed and installed through-connected with the protective mask (64) through the flow regulating valve (641) and the hose, the third passage of the three-way connecting valve (60) is sealed and installed through-connected with the output end of the air suction switching control valve (65) through the flow guide pipe (61), and the input end of the air suction switching control valve (65) is sealed and installed through-connected with the air outlet (57) of the gas storage tank through the air guide pipe (612); The main control box (10) includes a controller and an electric energy supply circuit and a fresh air control circuit. The controller is electrically connected to the fan drive motor (42), the refrigeration mechanism (43), the blade swing adjustment structure of the exhaust mechanism (44), the pressure difference detector (36), the pulse valve (53), the clean gas control valve (66), the suction switch control valve (65), the dust concentration sensor (68) and the gas sensor (69).

2. The ultra-clean personal respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position further comprises an intelligent human body detection device (8) electrically connected to the controller of the main control box (10), and the intelligent human body detection device (8) comprises a human body temperature thermal imaging scanner.

3. The ultra-clean personal respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The coal mining equipment is a tunneling machine, which comprises a tunneling working device (2) installed on a tunneling machine body (1), wherein the tunneling working device (2) comprises a tunneling head (21), a piston mechanism (22), an air storage mechanism (23), an electric energy storage mechanism (24), a support mechanism (25), a magnetic induction coil (26), a heat storage mechanism, a thermal switch (28) and an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29); the tunneling working device (2) is installed on the tunneling machine body (1) as a whole through the support mechanism (25); the rear end of the tunneling head (21) having a hollow inner cavity structure is coaxially fixedly installed and connected with the front end of the piston mechanism (22) having a shaft sleeve structure, and the rear end of the piston mechanism (22) having a shaft sleeve structure is coaxially fixedly installed and connected with the barrel mouth end of the air storage mechanism (23) having a barrel structure. The inner cavity of the tunneling head (21), the inner cavity of the piston mechanism (22) and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism (23) are connected and fixedly installed, and the inner cavity of the tunneling head (21), the inner cavity of the piston mechanism (22) and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism (23) jointly enclose a closed vacuum space; the tunneling head (21) is provided with an elastic airbag I (271), and the elastic airbag I (271) is filled with a pressurized gas working medium; the air storage mechanism (23) is provided with an elastic airbag II (272), and the elastic airbag II (272) is filled with a pressurized gas working medium; the air storage mechanism (23) also includes an air pressure sensor (231) arranged in the elastic airbag II (272); the piston mechanism (22) is coaxially and symmetrically fixed with a piston cylinder I (221) and a piston cylinder II (222), and the piston I in the piston cylinder I (221) and the piston in the piston cylinder II (222) are fixedly installed and fixedly installed and fixedly installed and closed; the piston I in the piston cylinder I (221) and the piston in the piston cylinder II (222) are fixedly installed and closed. Ⅱ are coaxially fixedly installed and connected through a piston connecting rod (223); the piston Ⅰ of the piston cylinder Ⅰ (221) is transmission-connected to the elastic airbag Ⅰ (271); the piston Ⅱ of the piston cylinder Ⅱ (222) is transmission-connected to the elastic airbag Ⅱ (272); the magnetic induction coil (26) is coaxially fixedly arranged inside or outside the piston mechanism (22), and the magnetic induction coil (26) is in a state of being sleeved on the outside of the piston connecting rod (223); the electric energy storage mechanism (24) including a charging and discharging circuit and a rechargeable battery is installed on the tunneling machine body (1), and the two ends of the piston connecting rod (223) are respectively electrically connected to the electric energy storage mechanism (24) through wires; the heat storage mechanism includes a filling heat conductive coating (211) and a heat insulating coating (212), including a filling heat conductive coating (211) of a heat conductive material ) is arranged on the inner surface of the closed vacuum space, and the filling heat-conducting coating (211) on the inner surface of the tunneling head (21) is connected to the filling heat-conducting coating (211) on the inner surface of the piston mechanism (22) through a heat-conducting switch (28), and the heat-insulating coating (212) including the heat-insulating material is at least arranged on the outer surface of the piston mechanism (22); the electric-controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is arranged in contact with the elastic airbag I (271), or the electric-controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is arranged in the elastic airbag I (271), and the electric-controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is provided with a thermal phase change material; the electric energy storage mechanism (24), the air pressure sensor (231), the heat-conducting switch (28) and the electric-controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) are respectively electrically connected to the controller of the main control box (10).

4. The ultra-clean personal respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The refrigerant is ammonia, and the controller automatically adjusts the liquid ammonia flow rate flowing through the external heat exchange tube of the turbocharger fan (41). The liquid ammonia flow rate is calculated as follows: C 氨 =m×Cp×ΔT×L×A×K×ΔT / hfg Where: C 氨 is the flow rate of liquid ammonia entering the external heat exchange tube of the turbocharger fan (41); Cp is the specific heat capacity of ammonia; K is the thermal conductivity; m is the mass flow rate of liquid ammonia; L is the length of the external heat exchange tube of the turbocharger fan (41); ΔT is the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the external heat exchange tube of the turbocharger fan (41); Q is the heat generated by the turbocharger fan (41); and hfg is the latent heat of ammonia.

5. The ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The emergency safety device (6) further comprises a multiphase separation composite filter (67), and the multiphase separation composite filter (67) is installed on the input end of the air suction switching control valve (65).

6. The ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The gas storage tank (51) is provided with a pressure gauge (56), and the pressure gauge (56) is electrically connected to a controller of the main control box (10).

7. A method for controlling a driver's position ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system based on the driver's position ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In the initial state, the clean gas control valve (66) and the flow regulating valve (641) are in an open state, and the air suction switching control valve (65) and the pulse valve (53) are in a closed state; After the driver wears a protective mask (64), the driver starts the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system at the driver's position, and the fan drive motor (42) starts. The dust gas in the working environment is filtered through the coarse filter (35), the activated carbon filter cotton (34) and the fine filter cartridge (31) in sequence and then discharged through the exhaust mechanism (44). A part of the fresh air discharged by the exhaust mechanism (44) enters the driver's cab of the coal mining equipment. The controller automatically adjusts the refrigeration mechanism (43) to the turbocharger according to the change in the driver's body surface temperature fed back by the intelligent human body detection device (8). The pressurized air discharged by the fan (41) is cooled; at the same time, the controller automatically adjusts the swing angle of the exhaust blade (441) and automatically controls the exhaust air volume according to the change of the driver's body surface temperature fed back by the intelligent human body detection device (8); another part of the fresh air discharged by the exhaust mechanism (44) enters the suction mechanism (63), and enters the protective mask (64) worn by the driver through the suction port connecting pipe (62) and the three-way connecting valve (60); the driver controls the air volume of the fresh air entering the protective mask (64) by adjusting the flow regulating valve (641); When the differential pressure detector (36) detects that the differential pressure between the inside and outside of the filter cartridge (51) exceeds the set value, the controller controls the closing of the clean gas control valve (66) and opens the suction switching control valve (65) and the pulse valve (53) at the same time, and the high-pressure gas in the gas storage tank (51) is ejected from the nozzle (54) through the pulse valve (53) and the nozzle (55), and the fine filter cartridge (31) is cleaned by high-pressure gas pulse cleaning. At the same time, the gas in the gas storage tank (51) passes through the suction switching control valve (65), the guide pipe (61) and the three-way connecting valve (60) in sequence and enters the protective mask (64) worn by the driver; after the automatic cleaning is completed, the controller controls the clean gas control valve (66), the suction switching control valve (65) and the pulse valve (53) to return to the initial state; When the dust concentration sensor (68) detects that the dust concentration in the fresh air entering the exhaust mechanism (44) exceeds the set value, the dust concentration sensor (68) sends an alarm signal to the controller, and the controller controls to turn off the fan drive motor (42) and the clean gas control valve (66), and simultaneously opens the suction switch control valve (65), so that the gas in the gas storage tank (51) enters the protective mask (64) worn by the driver through the suction switch control valve (65), the guide pipe (61) and the three-way connecting valve (60) in sequence; When the gas sensor (69) detects that the gas concentration in the fresh air entering the exhaust mechanism (44) exceeds the set value, the gas sensor (69) sends an alarm signal to the controller; when the gas concentration exceeds 0.6%, the controller controls the fan drive motor (42) and the clean gas control valve (66) to be turned off, and the suction switch control valve (65) is opened at the same time, and the gas in the gas storage tank (51) enters the protective mask (64) worn by the driver through the suction switch control valve (65), the guide pipe (61) and the three-way connection valve (60) in sequence; when the gas concentration exceeds 0.8%, the controller sends a warning signal and controls the shutdown of the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system and coal mining equipment at the driver's position, and enters an emergency shutdown state.

8. The method for controlling the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The coal mining equipment is a tunneling machine, which includes a tunneling working device (2) installed on a tunneling machine body (1), and the tunneling working device (2) of the tunneling machine includes a tunneling head (21), a piston mechanism (22), an air storage mechanism (23), an electric energy storage mechanism (24), a support mechanism (25), a magnetic induction coil (26), a heat storage mechanism, a heat conduction switch (28) and an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29); the tunneling working device (2) is installed on the tunneling machine body (1) as a whole through the support mechanism (25); the rear end of the tunneling head (21) with a hollow inner cavity structure is coaxially fixedly installed and connected with the front end of the piston mechanism (22) with a shaft sleeve structure, and the rear end of the piston mechanism (22) with a shaft sleeve structure is connected to the barrel structure. The barrel mouth end of the air storage mechanism (23) of the structure is coaxially fixedly installed and connected, and the inner cavity of the tunneling head (21), the inner cavity of the piston mechanism (22) and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism (23) together form a closed vacuum space; the tunneling head (21) is provided with an elastic airbag I (271), and the elastic airbag I (271) is filled with a pressurized gas working medium; the air storage mechanism (23) is provided with an elastic airbag II (272), and the elastic airbag II (272) is filled with a pressurized gas working medium; the air storage mechanism (23) also includes an air pressure sensor (231) arranged in the elastic airbag II (272); the piston mechanism (22) is coaxially and symmetrically fixedly provided with a piston cylinder I (221) and a piston cylinder II (22 2), and the piston I in the piston cylinder I (221) and the piston II in the piston cylinder II (222) are coaxially fixedly installed and connected through a piston connecting rod (223), the piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) is drivingly connected to the elastic airbag I (271), and the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) is drivingly connected to the elastic airbag II (272); the magnetic induction coil (26) is coaxially fixedly arranged inside or outside the piston mechanism (22), and the magnetic induction coil (26) is in a state of being sleeved on the outside of the piston connecting rod (223), and the electric energy storage mechanism (24) including the charging and discharging circuit and the rechargeable battery is installed on the tunneling machine body (1), and the two ends of the piston connecting rod (223) are respectively electrically connected to the electric energy storage mechanism (24) through wires The heat storage mechanism comprises a filling heat-conducting coating (211) and a heat-insulating coating (212); the filling heat-conducting coating (211) comprising a heat-conducting material is arranged on the inner surface of the closed vacuum space, and the filling heat-conducting coating (211) on the inner surface of the boring head (21) and the filling heat-conducting coating (211) on the inner surface of the piston mechanism (22) are connected via a heat-conducting switch (28); the heat-insulating coating (212) comprising a heat-insulating material is at least arranged on the outer surface of the piston mechanism (22); the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is arranged in contact with the elastic airbag I (271), or the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is arranged in the elastic airbag I (271), and a thermal phase change material is arranged in the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29);The electric energy storage mechanism (24), the air pressure sensor (231), the thermal conductivity switch (28) and the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) are electrically connected to the controller of the main control box (10) respectively; During the tunneling operation of the tunnel boring machine, the heat conduction switch (28) is in the open state in the initial state, and the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunnel boring head (21) is transferred through the filling heat conduction coating (211). The pressure gas working medium in the elastic airbag I (271) inside the tunnel boring head (21) absorbs heat and expands in volume, so that the elastic airbag I (271) pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) through the piston connecting rod (223) to drive the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) to move backwards. When the piston II moves backwards, the elastic airbag II (271) is compressed. 2), when the air pressure sensor (231) in the elastic airbag II (272) feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II (272) reaches a set value, the controller controls the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) to perform an endothermic phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium in the elastic airbag I (271) is reduced in volume after absorbing heat, and at the same time, the controller controls the closed thermal switch (28), so that the heat energy generated by the excavation operation of the excavation head (21) is transferred to the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism (23) through the filling thermal conductive coating (211), so that the pressure gas in the elastic airbag II (272) is reduced in volume. After the working medium absorbs heat, its volume expands. The elastic airbag II (272) pushes the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) to drive the piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) to move forward together through the piston connecting rod (223). When the air pressure sensor (231) in the elastic airbag II (272) feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II (272) reaches the set value, the controller controls the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) to perform heat release phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium in the elastic airbag I (271) absorbs heat again and expands in volume. At the same time, the controller controls the opening of the heat conduction mechanism. After the pressure gas working medium of the switch (28) and the elastic airbag II (272) is cooled, its volume is reduced, and the elastic airbag I (271) pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) again, and drives the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) to move backward through the piston connecting rod (223), and so on, so that the piston connecting rod (223) can move back and forth in a circular motion. During the process of the back and forth reciprocating movement of the piston connecting rod (223), the magnetic flux lines of the magnetic induction coil (26) are cut, and the generated electric energy is input through the wire and stored in the electric energy storage mechanism (24).

9. The method for controlling the ultra-clean individual respiratory protection fresh air system for the driver's position according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is provided in two groups, one group is provided in contact with the elastic airbag I (271) or in the elastic airbag I (271), and the other group is provided in contact with the elastic airbag II (272) or in the elastic airbag II (272). By controlling the alternating endothermic phase change and exothermic phase change of the two groups of electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanisms (29), the coordinated action of the elastic airbag I (271) and the elastic airbag II (272) is controlled.

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