Short-distance infrared mine rock identification method and system based on microwave heat source

Abstract

The invention provides a short-distance infrared ray ore rock identification method based on a microwave heat source, and the method specifically comprises the steps: S1, enabling a microwave irradiation end of a microwave generator to be close to a to-be-tunneled metal mine tunnel face, and enabling the tunnel face to be heated through microwave irradiation; s2, the temperature of the tunnel face is monitored in real time through an infrared thermometer monitoring system, and the change relation of the temperature of the tunnel face along with time under microwave irradiation is recorded; s3, obtaining a metal mine grade corresponding to the monitoring area through comparison and matching of the decision-making library; and S4, analyzing ore and surrounding rock distribution conditions of the tunnel face in combination with a comparison matching result in the step S3, and generating an ore and rock boundary of the tunnel face. Microwave irradiation temperature testing is carried out on ores with different metal grades in a certain ore deposit in a laboratory at the early stage, the metal grades on the surfaces of rocks in all block sections can be obtained through matching, then the ore rock boundary of a working face is effectively recognized, and basic conditions are provided for follow-up separation and transportation of ore waste rocks of a heading machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of non-explosive mining, and in particular relates to a short-range infrared ore and rock identification method and system based on a microwave heat source. Background Art

[0002] Unlike coal deposits, there is no obvious boundary between the ore and the surrounding rock of metal deposits. According to the Technical Requirements for Demonstration of Industrial Indicators of Mineral Deposits (DZ / T 0339-2020), the ore and surrounding rock are generally determined by the boundary grade after comprehensive analysis and demonstration. Ore is above this grade, and waste rock is below this grade. The actual working conditions of the mine are different, and there are certain differences in the boundary grade values. At the same time, the ore and waste rock of some metal deposits are difficult to distinguish effectively with the naked eye, and it is necessary to use advanced drilling and testing to determine the boundary of the ore body, which increases the difficulty of on-site operations in the mine and affects the mining efficiency.

[0003] In recent years, in order to avoid the serious problem of mixed mining of ore and waste rock caused by drilling and blasting, microwave-assisted mechanical excavation and other non-explosive mining methods have been gradually expanded to the field of metal mines, especially when mining complex ore bodies with multiple branches and rocks. By controlling the excavation direction, the mixing of waste rock can be reduced to a certain extent. However, there is still a lack of fast and effective identification methods for ore and waste rock, and the existing excavation equipment is difficult to separate the excavated ore and waste rock on site, resulting in the mixing of waste rock when excavating the working face with interlayers, which increases the subsequent transportation cost and ore dressing cost.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a method for rapid identification of ore and rock in the mining face of metal deposits, and to develop an excavation equipment that can separate ore and waste rock on site, so as to reduce the waste rock mixing rate and depletion rate during non-explosive continuous mining. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a short-range infrared ore and rock identification method and system based on a microwave heat source.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A short-range infrared ore and rock identification method based on a microwave heat source, comprising:

[0008] Step S1, placing a microwave irradiation end of a microwave generator close to a metal mine face to be excavated, and irradiating the face with microwaves to increase the temperature thereof;

[0009] Step S2, real-time monitoring of the temperature of the tunnel face by an infrared thermometer monitoring system, and recording the relationship between the temperature of the tunnel face and time under microwave irradiation;

[0010] Step S3, inputting the relationship between the change of the face temperature and time into the decision database, and obtaining the metal ore grade corresponding to the monitoring area through comparison and matching of the decision database;

[0011] Step S4, based on the classification index of the industrial grade of the metal ore and in combination with the comparison and matching result in step S3, it is determined whether each block segment is ore, and then the ore-rock boundary line of the tunnel face is generated.

[0012] Preferably, the tunnel face is divided into a plurality of 10 cm×10 cm square blocks, and temperature change data is collected with each block as a collection unit. The ore metal grade of each block is determined according to the relationship between temperature change and time, thereby identifying the ore-rock boundary of the tunnel face.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature variation pattern of each block under microwave irradiation is analyzed and compared with the data in the decision database to reversely infer the metal grade of the ore in each block.

[0014] Preferably, the ore grade boundary line is delineated based on the metal grade of the ore in each block section to form the ore-rock boundary line corresponding to the tunnel face for on-site identification by the tunnel boring machine operator.

[0015] Preferably, the data stored in the decision database includes the variation rules of microwave heat sources of ores with different metal grades, which are compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared thermometer to determine the ore-rock boundary of the face.

[0016] A short-range infrared ore and rock identification system based on microwave heat source, comprising:

[0017] A microwave generator, wherein the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves to irradiate the tunnel face to increase its temperature;

[0018] An infrared thermometer, which monitors the temperature of the irradiated area of ​​the tunnel face in real time;

[0019] The control center is connected to an infrared thermometer to obtain the temperature variation relationship of the monitoring area under microwave irradiation with time, and compares and matches the temperature variation relationship of the monitoring area with time with the decision database to obtain the corresponding metal ore grade, and determines whether the monitoring area is ore according to the boundary grade of the metal ore, and then analyzes the distribution of ore and surrounding rock on the face, so as to generate the ore-rock boundary line of the face;

[0020] A tunneling module is used to tunnel the tunnel face in combination with the ore-rock boundary line.

[0021] Preferably, the data stored in the decision database includes the variation rules of microwave heat sources of various metal ore grades, which are compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared thermometer to determine the ore-rock boundary line of the face.

[0022] Preferably, the identification system further comprises a display, which is correspondingly connected to a control center to display the shape of the tunnel face and its ore-rock boundary.

[0023] Preferably, the tunneling module is connected to a tunneling machine via a mechanical arm, the tunneling machine comprises a traveling crawler and a shoveling mechanism, the shoveling mechanism is located below the mechanical arm, the shoveling mechanism has a shoveling plane which is inclined downward in front and aligned with the bottom surface of the tunnel, and two thumbwheels are provided on the shoveling plane;

[0024] A conveying channel is provided in the middle of the shoveling plane and extends to the tail of the shovel loader. A paddle is provided at the tail of the shovel loader to switch between the ore chute and the waste rock chute. The ore chute is connected to the rear ore belt conveyor, and the waste rock chute extends obliquely downward to the side of the tunneling machine.

[0025] Beneficial effects: Microwave sensitivity is closely related to metal grade. The higher the metal mineral composition, the lower the microwave sensitivity and the slower the heating rate. Through the microwave irradiation temperature test of different metal grade ores in a certain ore deposit in the laboratory in the early stage, the microwave heat source heating law of different metal grade ores is obtained to form a decision library. The temperature change of the rock surface irradiated by microwave is recorded on site in 10cm×10cm square blocks, and compared with the data stored in the decision library, the metal grade in each block can be obtained, and then the ore-rock boundary of the working face can be effectively identified, providing basic conditions for the subsequent on-site separation of tunneling machine ore and waste rock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Among them:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ore and rock identification system in a specific embodiment provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ore-rock boundary line of the tunnel face in the specific embodiment provided by the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. Microwave irradiation end; 2. Control center; 3. Infrared thermometer; 4. Display; 5. TBM; 6. Traveling tracks; 7. Paddles; 8. Ore chute; 9. Waste rock chute; 10. Heading face; 11. Shoveling plane; 101. Ore; 102. Ore-rock boundary; 103. Waste rock. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixed connections or detachable connections; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0033] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a close-range infrared ore and rock identification method based on a microwave heat source is provided. Based on the microwave-assisted mechanical rock breaking and mining technology, an infrared thermometer 3 is added to the microwave probe to monitor the temperature changes on the surface of the ore and rock in real time. Since microwave sensitivity is closely related to mineral composition, generally speaking, the higher the metal mineral composition, the lower the microwave sensitivity and the slower the heating rate. Therefore, different metal ore grades have different temperature change curves. In view of this, the specific identification method of the present application includes: step S1, starting a microwave generator, the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves, the microwave generator has a microwave irradiation end 1, and the microwave irradiation end 1 of the microwave generator is close to the metal mine face to be excavated, and the face 10 is heated by microwave irradiation.

[0034] Step S2, an infrared thermometer 3 is set near the microwave irradiation lamp, and the infrared thermometer 3 is turned on synchronously with the microwave generator. The temperature change of the tunnel face 10 is monitored in real time through the infrared thermometer 3, and the relationship between the temperature change of the tunnel face 10 under microwave irradiation and time is obtained.

[0035] Step S3, analyze the temperature variation law of each block under microwave irradiation, input the temperature variation relationship of the face 10 with time into the decision library, and compare and match with the data in the decision library to reversely infer the metal grade of the ore in each block, distinguish the waste rock 103 and the ore 101 based on the metal grade of the ore, and use the temperature variation law generated by microwave irradiation to quickly reverse the mineral composition of the rock surface, which is more intuitive, more efficient and less disturbed than the existing technology. Compared with image recognition, the present invention is less affected by light and dust, and has higher scanning accuracy; compared with the existing XRF mineral analysis technology, the present invention does not need to be close to the surface of the ore 101, and is more suitable for dynamic working conditions underground.

[0036] Step S4, combining the comparison and matching results in step S3 with the rock metal grade of the tunnel face 10, thereby generating the ore-rock boundary line 102 of the tunnel face 10, and then combining the industrial grade index of the ore 101 delineated by the mine, distinguishing the ore and waste rock 103 of the working face, so that the operator of the tunnel boring machine 5 can distinguish on site, and classify the mined ore according to the metal ore grade, which can effectively reduce the mixing rate and depletion rate of the ore 101, and reduce the transportation cost of the waste rock 103 and the cost of mineral processing and waste disposal.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the tunnel face 10 is divided into square blocks, and each block is independently irradiated, heated and excavated. In order to effectively identify the ore-rock boundary line 102 of the working face and provide basic conditions for the subsequent separation and transportation of the mine waste rock 103 by the tunneling machine 5, temperature change data is collected for each block as a collection unit, and the temperature record is transmitted to the ore rock control center 2. The control center 2 has a data storage unit. The data in the data storage unit is first analyzed by indoor tests to analyze the change law of microwave heat sources of different metal ore grades. The temperature change of the rock surface irradiated by microwaves is recorded on site in units of 10cm×10cm square blocks, and the rock metal grade of each block is determined according to the relationship between the monitored temperature and time, and the ore-rock boundary line 102 of the tunnel face 10 is identified according to the test results of each block, so that the ore type of the tunnel face 10 when excavating in different areas can be clearly defined, and the ore 101 and waste rock 103 can be distinguished.

[0038] The temperature variation pattern of each block under microwave irradiation is analyzed and compared with the data in the decision library. The decision library is a storage module of the control center 2, and the control center 2 is the PC end. The metal grade of the ore in each block is inferred through comparison.

[0039] The data stored in the decision database includes the variation law of microwave heat sources of different metal ore grades. Existing experiments show that the microwave sensitivity of rock is closely related to the mineral composition. Generally speaking, the higher the metal mineral composition, the lower the microwave sensitivity and the slower the heating rate. The lower the metal mineral composition, the higher the microwave sensitivity and the faster the heating rate. Therefore, the ore and rock category can be inferred based on the temperature change of each block, and the metal grade of each block can be determined based on the relationship between temperature and time. The temperature measurement data of the infrared thermometer is compared to determine the ore-rock boundary 102 of the face 10.

[0040] This application uses an infrared thermometer 3 to detect the surface temperature of the ore and rock by microwave irradiation in real time, and delineates the ore grade boundary line based on the metal grade of each block of ore, forming the ore-rock boundary line 102 corresponding to the face 10, so that the operator of the tunnel boring machine 5 can distinguish on site, thereby mastering the distribution of ore 101 in the face 10, accurately locating the priority excavation area, facilitating the on-site separation of the mined ore and waste rock 103, and reducing the mixing rate of waste rock 103. After multiple excavations in the excavation direction of the face 10, it is generally recommended to perform 5-10 times, and conduct a full-scale area division and irradiation excavation of the face 10, so as to meet the judgment of the metal ore grade of the current face 10 and ensure the accuracy of excavation.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, a microwave irradiation lamp device is used to irradiate the rock surface at close range, causing the rock to heat up rapidly, thereby expanding and producing cracks, which can reduce the rock strength, thereby improving crushing efficiency and reducing costs. Microwave-assisted rock crushing can be used to make the ore 101 smaller in size, which can further reduce the depletion rate of the ore 101.

[0042] Specifically, a high-speed camera is used to collect images of the face 10 of the metal mine to be excavated. The image acquisition module can be an industrial high-definition camera. The face image of the metal mine to be excavated is collected. The image acquisition module data is connected to the control center 2. The image acquisition module is arranged on a mechanical arm. When the image acquisition module points to the front of the microwave irradiation end 1, it can move synchronously with the movement of the microwave irradiation end 1 to collect the microwave irradiation effect of the face 10 in real time, thereby collecting the face image of the metal mine to be excavated. The control center 2 is arranged on the tunneling machine 5 to process the face image and identify the microwave thermal crack area, and the weakening degree of the ore 101 is judged by the microwave thermal crack area. The microwave generator, the mechanical arm, the image acquisition module and the tunneling module are correspondingly connected to the control center 2 to control the tunneling machine 5 according to the microwave thermal crack area.

[0043] After the tunnel face image collects the ore and rock image, the control center 2 performs binarization processing, which can accurately determine the degree of damage to the ore and rock after microwave irradiation. The tunnel face image is transmitted to the control center 2 for processing to identify the microwave thermal crack area in the tunnel face image. The control center 2 monitors and identifies the cracks in the black and white image, identifies the crack density, and calculates the proportion of the crack area to the area of ​​the tunnel face image. According to the crack area ratio, the excavation is controlled to reduce the difficulty of excavation.

[0044] In this embodiment, when the area of ​​microwave thermal cracks in the tunnel face region captured by the image acquisition device accounts for more than 50%, the microwave generator is turned off to carry out tunneling.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the present application also provides a mineral rock identification system based on short-range infrared of microwave heat source, including a microwave generator, an infrared thermometer 3, a control center 2, and a tunneling module, wherein the tunneling module is a conventional tunneling drill bit, and the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves to heat up the tunnel face through microwave irradiation; the infrared thermometer 3 monitors the temperature of the tunnel face in real time, and the infrared thermometer 3 is connected to the control center 2 via a data line, so as to monitor the temperature of the microwave irradiation area, thereby testing the temperature change of the mineral rock surface after microwave irradiation in real time.

[0046] The control center 2 is connected to the infrared thermometer 3 to obtain the relationship between the temperature change of the face under microwave irradiation and time, and compares and matches the relationship between the temperature change of the face and time with the decision library to obtain the corresponding metal ore grade. Since different grades of ore rocks have different sensitivity to microwave irradiation heating, the metal ore grade of the face can be judged according to the heating rate of different areas based on the temperature change. After the entire face is completely excavated, the high metal grade area can be judged, and the high metal grade area can be concentratedly irradiated with microwaves in the subsequent excavation, thereby improving the excavation efficiency and reducing the mixing rate of waste rock 103. Thereby, the ore-rock boundary line 102 of the tunnel face is generated; the data stored in the decision database include the changing laws of microwave heat sources of different metal ore grades, and the temperature measurement data of the infrared thermometer are compared with this to determine the ore-rock boundary line 102 of the tunnel face. The excavation module excavates the tunnel face in combination with the ore-rock boundary line 102. The data stored in the decision database include the changing laws of microwave heat sources of different metal ore grades. The decision database data are first obtained by analyzing different metal ore grades through indoor experiments.

[0047] The microwave irradiation end 1 is connected to the mechanical arm through a telescopic rod, and can be extended and retracted according to actual use, so as to retract when the excavation module performs excavation operation, thereby avoiding damage to the microwave irradiation end 1. The excavation module can be a conventional excavation drill bit, and no excessive restrictions are made here.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the identification system further includes a display 4, which is correspondingly connected to the control center 2 to display the ore-rock boundary 102 for the operator of the tunneling machine 5 to distinguish on site.

[0049] The tunneling module is connected to the tunneling machine 5 through a mechanical arm. The tunneling machine 5 includes a traveling track 6 and a shoveling mechanism. The shoveling mechanism is located under the mechanical arm. The driving module of the traveling track 6 and the driving motor data line of the dial wheel are correspondingly connected to the control center 2. The traveling track 6 can travel in the tunnel. The main structure of the tunneling machine 5 is similar to that of the excavator. The shoveling mechanism is in front of the tunneling machine 5 and extends to the bottom of the mechanical arm. The main body of the shovel-shaped shovel mechanism has a shoveling plane 11 that is inclined downward in front and is aligned with the bottom of the tunnel. Two dial wheels are provided on the shoveling plane 11. The dial wheels are correspondingly connected to the driving motor. A dial plate is provided on the outside of the dial wheel. The two dial wheels push the gravel to both sides, thereby preventing the ore 101 from accumulating in front of the tunneling machine 5.

[0050] A transmission channel is provided in the middle of the shoveling plane 11 and extends to the tail of the shovel loader. A paddle 7 is provided at the tail of the shovel loader. The paddle 7 is driven by a hydraulic rod or a drive motor. The hydraulic rod or the drive motor is correspondingly connected to the control center 2. The paddle 7 is hinged at the rear of the shoveling plane 11 to classify the mined ore 101 according to the metal ore grade. Specifically, the classification is achieved by switching the paddle 7 between the ore chute 8 and the waste rock chute 9. The paddle 7 can control the direction of the ore and waste rock 103 according to the metal ore grade of the current excavation block section, and the mined ore 101 enters the subsequent transportation system through the belt; the ore chute 8 is connected to the subsequent ore 101 belt conveyor, and the waste rock chute 9 is inclined downward, and the mined waste rock 103 is thrown on the spot to one side of the equipment, thereby realizing the on-site separation of the ore and waste rock 103 to reduce the transportation cost of the waste rock 103.

[0051] The tunnel boring machine 5 also includes a water cooling device, which has at least a water pump and a cold water pipe pointing to the front of the tunnel boring module. The water pump is connected to the control center 2 via a data cable to cool down and crack the area to be tunneled after irradiation and heating. The tunnel boring machine 5 that uses microwave heating and cold water cooling to assist in rock breaking can use thermal expansion and contraction to increase the degree of hard rock crushing, reduce the tunneling difficulty of the tunnel boring module, further reduce the wear of mechanical tools, and greatly improve the rock breaking efficiency; further, it can reduce the temperature of the face and improve the tunneling environment.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A short-range infrared ore and rock identification method based on microwave heat source, characterized in that: include: Step S1, placing a microwave irradiation end of a microwave generator close to a metal mine face to be excavated, and irradiating the face with microwaves to increase the temperature thereof; Step S2, real-time monitoring of the temperature of the tunnel face by an infrared thermometer monitoring system, and recording the relationship between the change of the tunnel face temperature and time under microwave irradiation; Step S3, inputting the relationship between the change of the face temperature and time into the decision database, and obtaining the metal ore grade corresponding to the monitoring area through comparison and matching of the decision database; Step S4, based on the classification index of the industrial grade of the metal ore and in combination with the comparison and matching result in step S3, it is determined whether each block segment is ore, and then the ore-rock boundary line of the tunnel face is generated.

2. The method for identifying ore and rock at short distance by infrared ray based on microwave heat source according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tunnel face is divided into multiple 10cm×10cm square blocks, and temperature change data is collected for each block. The metal grade of the ore in each block is determined based on the relationship between temperature and time, thereby identifying the ore-rock boundary of the tunnel face.

3. The method for identifying ore and rock at short distance by infrared ray based on microwave heat source according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The temperature variation pattern of each block under microwave irradiation is analyzed and compared with the data in the decision database to reversely infer the metal grade of the ore in each block.

4. The method for identifying ore and rock at short distance by infrared ray based on microwave heat source according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The ore grade boundary line is delineated based on the metal grade of the ore in each block, forming the ore-rock boundary line of the corresponding face for on-site identification by the tunnel boring machine operator.

5. The method for identifying ore and rock at short distance by infrared ray based on microwave heat source according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The data stored in the decision database include the variation rules of microwave heat sources of ores with different metal grades, which are compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared thermometer to determine the ore-rock boundary of the face.

6. A mineral rock identification system based on microwave heat source and short-range infrared, characterized in that: include: A microwave generator, wherein the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves to irradiate the tunnel face to increase its temperature; An infrared thermometer, which monitors the temperature of the irradiated area of ​​the tunnel face in real time; The control center is connected to an infrared thermometer to obtain the temperature variation relationship of the monitoring area under microwave irradiation with time, and compares and matches the temperature variation relationship of the monitoring area with time with the decision database to obtain the corresponding metal ore grade, and determines whether the monitoring area is ore according to the boundary grade of the metal ore, and then analyzes the distribution of ore and surrounding rock on the face, so as to generate the ore-rock boundary line of the face; A tunneling module is used to tunnel the tunnel face in combination with the ore-rock boundary line.

7. The ore and rock identification system based on microwave heat source and short-range infrared according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The data stored in the decision database includes the variation rules of microwave heat sources of various metal ore grades, which are compared with the temperature measurement data of the infrared thermometer to determine the ore-rock boundary line of the face.

8. The ore and rock identification system based on microwave heat source and short-range infrared according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The identification system also includes a display, which is connected to a control center to display the shape of the tunnel face and its ore-rock boundary.

9. The ore and rock identification system based on microwave heat source and short-range infrared according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The tunneling module is connected to the tunneling machine through a mechanical arm. The tunneling machine includes a traveling crawler and a shoveling mechanism. The shoveling mechanism is located below the mechanical arm. The shoveling mechanism has a shoveling plane that is inclined downward in front and aligned with the bottom surface of the tunnel. Two thumbwheels are provided on the shoveling plane. A conveying channel is provided in the middle of the shoveling plane and extends to the tail of the shovel loader. A paddle is provided at the tail of the shovel loader to switch between the ore chute and the waste rock chute. The ore chute is connected to the rear ore belt conveyor, and the waste rock chute extends obliquely downward to the side of the tunneling machine.

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