Seismic data observation system inspection method and device
By calculating the gun detection distance difference and standard deviation in earthquake data, we can quickly judge whether the definition of the earthquake data observation system is correct, and solve the problem of insufficient adaptability of relying on single guns and terrain in the existing technology, achieving efficient and accurate seismic data collection and on-site monitoring.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310676478.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-08
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-10
AI Technical Summary
The existing seismic data observation system inspection methods rely on single-aircraft initial quality and surface terrain, and are poor in adaptability and cannot meet the on-site processing and monitoring requirements for efficient seismic collection and construction.
By extracting the gun detection distance in the seismic data, calculate the difference between the gun detection distances on both sides, use the standard deviation as a deviation indicator to determine whether there is an offset in the gun point. If the standard deviation is greater than the threshold, it is determined to be an offset phenomenon, and achieve Quick and accurate system definition checks.
This method does not need to rely on single-aircraft initial mass and surface terrain, and is suitable for various terrain, especially in areas with large undulating terrain and low seismic signal-to-noise ratio, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of seismic data collection and reduces inspection time.
Smart Images
Figure CN119105080A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration data processing, and in particular relates to a method and device for checking a seismic data observation system. Background Art
[0002] As exploration and development require higher and higher accuracy of seismic exploration, high-density seismic exploration technology has become one of the main directions of seismic exploration today. The so-called high-density seismic exploration technology means that the density of the seismic acquisition observation system reaches millions or even tens of millions of channels per square kilometer. High-density seismic technology increases the data acquisition density in the spatial and temporal domains, increases the number of effective coverage of the target layer, improves the accuracy of velocity analysis, and improves the vertical and horizontal resolution and information accuracy of seismic data on the basis of improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the data, so as to provide a detailed description of small fault blocks, thin reservoirs, small sand bodies, and small-scale holes.
[0003] Thanks to the rapid development of geophysical equipment technology, the cable instrument channel capacity has been rapidly improved, and the construction efficiency of high-density seismic acquisition has been greatly improved, from hundreds of shots per day to thousands or even tens of thousands of shots per day. The improvement in the daily efficiency of seismic acquisition has put higher and higher requirements on seismic acquisition and on-site seismic data processing and monitoring. In order to quickly provide feedback on the quality of field seismic data, higher requirements are placed on the timeliness of on-site processing quality control of seismic acquisition.
[0004] The definition of the seismic data observation system is one of the most important links in field processing and monitoring. An incorrect definition of the observation system will have a very serious impact on the subsequent application of seismic data. The inspection of the seismic data observation system mainly includes checking the location of the field seismic acquisition shot checkpoints (whether there is a shot checkpoint offset), the arrangement and reception of seismic acquisition (whether the theoretical design arrangement is used for reception), etc. Through the inspection of the seismic data observation system, the above problems are promptly fed back to the field seismic acquisition site for rectification.
[0005] At present, most of the seismic data observation system inspections are carried out by observing the linear dynamic correction results of the shot points or the fitting of the cut-off line and the first arrival time of the shot points shot by shot, and checking the definition of the observation system. This method is inefficient, easily affected by the business ability of the processing personnel, and is prone to omissions in the inspection, which cannot meet the requirements of on-site processing and monitoring in the case of efficient seismic acquisition construction.
[0006] The Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN106291699B discloses a method for detecting shot deviation in seismic exploration and a method for locating the correct excitation position. The disclosed shot deviation detection method includes: picking up the first arrival time of a certain single shot data; for each shot point in the series of shot point and detection point position relationship data including the certain shot point, constructing its corresponding offset-first arrival time relationship; finding the target offset-first arrival time relationship with the optimal first arrival time increasing with the increase of offset; comparing the shot point corresponding to the target offset-first arrival time relationship with the shot point recorded in the trace header of the single shot data, if the coordinate positions of the two do not match, it is considered that the shot detection relationship of the shot is wrong, and the shot point corresponding to the target offset-first arrival time relationship is the correct excitation position. The invention can realize automatic detection of the shot deviation recorded by a single shot, and at the same time point out the correct excitation position, meeting the needs of field single shot on-site quality control, but the invention relies on the first arrival quality of a single shot and the surface topography, and has poor applicability in areas with large terrain fluctuations, low seismic signal-to-noise ratio, and difficult first arrival. Summary of the invention
[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for checking a seismic data observation system, so as to solve the problem of poor adaptability caused by the method in the prior art relying on the first arrival quality of a single shot and the surface topography.
[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for checking a seismic data observation system, comprising the following steps:
[0009] 1) After the observation system is defined for the collected seismic data, the seismic data used for longitudinal or lateral offset calculation is extracted. The seismic data used for longitudinal offset calculation is the received data of a row closest to the shot point to be checked, and the seismic data used for lateral offset calculation is the received data of the track closest to the shot point in each row;
[0010] 2) extracting the offset of each trace in the extracted seismic data;
[0011] 3) Calculate the difference in the shot offsets of the symmetrical channels on both sides of the shot point to obtain multiple differences; and use the multiple differences to calculate the deviation index. If the deviation index is greater than the index threshold, it is determined that the shot point has an offset phenomenon and the seismic data observation system of the shot point is incorrectly defined. Otherwise, the seismic data observation system of the shot point is correctly defined.
[0012] The beneficial effects are as follows: for the seismic acquisition of the observation system of the central shot, for the longitudinal offset, the shot offset of each track is extracted by using the received data of a row closest to the shot point to be checked, and for the lateral offset, the shot offset of each track is extracted by using the received data of the track closest to the shot point in each row, and then the symmetry of the central shot observation system is used to calculate the difference in the shot offsets of the symmetrical tracks on both sides of the shot point, thereby obtaining multiple differences, and using the multiple differences to evaluate whether the definition of the seismic data observation system of the shot point is correct. This method can accurately and quickly check the seismic data observation system using only the collected seismic data, does not rely on the quality of the first arrival of a single shot and the surface topography, and is applicable to various surface topography, especially to areas with large terrain undulations, low seismic signal-to-noise ratio, and difficult first arrivals, thereby improving the final seismic data acquisition effect.
[0013] Furthermore, the deviation indicator is the standard deviation of each difference.
[0014] The beneficial effect is that the standard deviation can be used to quickly and accurately evaluate the symmetry of the central blasting observation system, so as to realize a fast and accurate inspection of the seismic data observation system.
[0015] Furthermore, the indicator threshold is the size of the longitudinal bin of the bin grid in the observation system.
[0016] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention further provides a seismic data observation system inspection device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is used to execute computer program instructions stored in the memory to implement the following method:
[0017] 1) After the observation system is defined for the collected seismic data, the seismic data used for longitudinal or lateral offset calculation is extracted. The seismic data used for longitudinal offset calculation is the received data of a row closest to the shot point to be checked, and the seismic data used for lateral offset calculation is the received data of the track closest to the shot point in each row;
[0018] 2) extracting the offset of each trace in the extracted seismic data;
[0019] 3) Calculate the difference in the offsets of the symmetrical channels on both sides of the shot point to obtain multiple differences; and use the multiple differences to calculate the deviation index. If the deviation index is greater than the index threshold, it is determined that the shot point has a deviation phenomenon and the seismic data observation system of the shot point is incorrectly defined.
[0020] The beneficial effect is that the device ensures the effective and reliable execution of the inspection method of the seismic data observation system.
[0021] Furthermore, the deviation indicator is the standard deviation of each difference.
[0022] The beneficial effect is that the standard deviation can be used to quickly and accurately evaluate the symmetry of the central blasting observation system, so as to realize a fast and accurate inspection of the seismic data observation system.
[0023] Furthermore, the indicator threshold is the size of the longitudinal bin of the bin grid in the observation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the seismic data observation system inspection method of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the receiving arrangement closest to the shot point extracted by the present invention;
[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of extracting the offset information of each channel in the receiving arrangement closest to the shot point according to the present invention;
[0027] Figure 4 The present invention extracts the receiving arrangement closest to the shot point and divides it into two left and right schematic diagrams;
[0028] Figure 5 1 is a schematic diagram of the corresponding traces of the left and right gun offsets of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the distribution of the result of the difference between the left and right gun offsets of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 7 The result diagram of the inspection observation system of the present invention for the difference between the offsets of the left and right guns of a single gun when the definition is incorrect;
[0031] Figure 8 It is a single shot distribution diagram of an incorrect observation system screened out when the present invention is actually applied in a certain exploration area;
[0032] Fig. 9 A single shot schematic diagram of the correct observation system definition checked in the practical application of the present invention (the red line is the cut-off line);
[0033] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a single shot definition for an incorrect observation system checked in the practical application of the present invention (the red line is the cut-off line);
[0034] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the incorrect observation system detected in the present invention after the single shot is defined and the observation system is redefined (the red line is the cut-off line). DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] The present invention is mainly aimed at seismic acquisition of the observation system of the central blasting, and uses the symmetry of the central blasting observation system to detect whether the definition of the observation system is correct, so as to solve the problem of low adaptability of the method caused by the reliance on the first arrival quality of a single shot and the surface topography in the prior art seismic data observation system inspection method, while bringing about the effect of higher efficiency and accuracy.
[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0037] Seismic data observation system inspection method embodiment:
[0038] The following first takes the longitudinal offset inspection during seismic acquisition as an example to describe in detail the implementation process of the seismic data observation system inspection method of the present invention. The overall process is as follows: Figure 1 shown.
[0039] 1) From the determined observation data, extract a row of received data that is closest to the shot point to be checked. Specifically:
[0040] The observation system of the collected seismic data is defined according to the SPS data, and then the received data of the arrangement closest to the shot point to be checked is extracted from the observed seismic data (that is, the data received by each detection point on the row of detection lines closest to the shot point to be checked). When collecting three-dimensional seismic data (in two-dimensional seismic data, there is only one arrangement, that is, all data are selected, and wide-line acquisition is similar to three-dimensional seismic data), the joint grid numbering is used. As long as the difference between the selected shot point number and the receiving line number is minimized, the receiving arrangement data closest to the shot point can be screened out. Figure 2 As shown, only the arrangement data in the red box is extracted (the arrangement is closest to the shot point).
[0041] 2) Extract the shot offset information of each channel in the receiving array data closest to the shot point.
[0042] Taking the 72L4S210T252F observation system as an example, after extracting the array data received at the center, the array data is re-sorted from 1 according to the channel number (track number), that is, each shot data is composed of 210 tracks (the number of tracks is equal to the number of detection points on the extracted detection line), and the shot offset information of each track is as follows: Figure 3 .
[0043] 3) Divide the array into two symmetrical halves according to the order of the track numbers, such as Figure 4 As shown, the difference between the offsets of the two corresponding traces on the left and right is calculated and recorded as x.
[0044] Taking the 72L4S210T252F observation system as an example, the number of channels arranged for reception is 210 in total, with channel numbers 1, 2, 3, ... 105 as the left branch and channel numbers 106, 107, 108, 109, ... 210 as the right branch (e.g. Figure 5 ); calculate the difference between channel numbers 105 and 106, recorded as x1, the difference between channel numbers 104 and 107, recorded as x2, the difference between channel numbers 103 and 108, recorded as x3, ... the difference between channel numbers 1 and 210, recorded as x 105 ; The distribution of the difference between the left and right gun offsets is as follows: Figure 6 shown.
[0045] 4) Calculate the standard deviation of all offset differences, that is, calculate x1, x2, x3, ... x 105 The standard deviation is calculated as follows:
[0046]
[0047] Where σ is the standard deviation of the difference between the offsets of the two corresponding traces on the left and right; i is the difference between the left and right corresponding channels; N is the number of differences in the offsets, usually half the number of arranged receiving channels, taking the 72L4S210T252F observation system as an example, N = 210 / 2 = 105. Thus, σ = 0.56 is obtained.
[0048] 5) Compare and judge the calculated standard deviation to determine whether the seismic data observation system of the projectile is correctly defined: if the standard deviation is greater than the surface element size of the observation system, it is determined that the shot point has a longitudinal offset phenomenon and the seismic data observation system of the shot point is incorrectly defined; otherwise, the seismic data observation system of the shot point is correctly defined (theoretically, the standard deviation should be 0).
[0049] In this embodiment, the bin size of the observation system is 10m×10m, σ=0.56<10, so the definition of the seismic data observation system of the single shot is correct. It should be noted that the bin size is not necessarily in the positive direction (but most of them are square), and the bin size is divided into longitudinal bin and transverse bin. If it is 8m×10m bin, it means that the longitudinal bin is 8m and the transverse bin is 10m. Because the longitudinal offset is detected in this embodiment, if it is 8m×10m bin, the standard deviation should be compared with 8m.
[0050] 6) Check the longitudinal offset of each shot point according to the method of steps 1) to 5), and promptly feedback to the seismic acquisition site for rectification.
[0051] For example, for other shot points, first calculate the difference between the offsets of the two corresponding traces on the left and right sides according to the above steps, such as Figure 7As shown, formula (1) is then used to obtain the single shot σ=3307.61>10m, so there is a problem in the definition of the seismic processing observation system for this single shot. Figure 6 and Figure 7 It can be seen that when the seismic data observation system is correctly defined, the difference in the offsets of the two corresponding traces on the left and right sides basically varies randomly around the value of 0, and the value of the change is very small; when the seismic data observation system is incorrectly defined, the difference in the offsets of the two corresponding traces on the left and right sides varies greatly, and its standard deviation is generally greater than a theoretical bin size.
[0052] Of course, this principle can also be used to check the lateral offset during the seismic acquisition process. If the lateral offset or receiving arrangement displacement is to be checked, the implementation process of the entire method is different from the method for checking the longitudinal offset, except that the seismic data extracted in step 1) is different. The seismic data extracted here is the seismic data of the channel closest to the shot point corresponding to each arrangement (the total number of channels is equal to the number of detection lines).
[0053] It should be noted that this method extracts the seismic data of the array receiving data closest to the shot point to be checked and the channel closest to the shot point position, and the reason why other data cannot be extracted is that if other data are extracted, they are far away from the shot point, the shot offset of each channel becomes larger, and the difference in shot offset between each channel becomes smaller, which is easy to affect the standard deviation result of the difference between the subsequent left and right shot offsets.
[0054] The following application of this method in a certain exploration area will illustrate the effectiveness of this method. When conducting on-site quality control of seismic processing in this exploration area, the seismic data observation system inspection method invented in this article is used to conduct observation system inspection on the single shot collected after the daily seismic processing is completed. The observation system inspection results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the blue points are normal single shots of the seismic data observation system, and the red points are abnormal single shots of the seismic data observation system. In order to verify the correctness of this method, blue and red single shots are randomly selected and verified by conventional manual inspection (checking the resection line). Fig. 9 The schematic diagram of the cut-off line of any single shot in the blue point (the red line is the cut-off line), Fig.10 The schematic diagram of the cut-off line of any single gun in the red point (the red line is the cut-off line), it is not difficult to see that Fig. 9 The red cut-off line in the middle is in good agreement with the first arrival of a single shot, indicating that the seismic data observation system is correctly defined. Fig.10 The red cut-off line in the middle does not match the first arrival of a single shot. The definition of the seismic data observation system is incorrect. By feeding this situation back to the field, the SPS of the shot is modified. After redefining the observation system, Fig.11The total number of shots designed for this work area is more than 51,000, with a daily effectiveness of about 1,200 shots. If the seismic data observation system is checked manually shot by shot, it will take 3-4 hours a day. If the method invented in this article is used, it only takes about 10 minutes to check the definition of the 1,200-shot observation system. In the whole work area, about 130 hours of seismic data observation system inspection time can be saved.
[0055] In step 4) of this embodiment, the calculated deviation index is the standard deviation of the multiple differences, and the corresponding index threshold selected in step 5) is the bin grid size. As other implementations, the deviation index can also be other values calculated using multiple differences, such as the average of the multiple differences, and the index threshold is selected according to actual conditions.
[0056] In summary, the present invention can quickly check the definition of the seismic data observation system, so as to feedback the phenomena such as shot point offset and arrangement errors that occur during the field seismic acquisition process to the field seismic acquisition site in real time, thereby improving the efficiency of on-site processing and monitoring and improving the final seismic data acquisition effect.
[0057] Seismic data observation system inspection device embodiment:
[0058] An embodiment of a seismic data observation system inspection device of the present invention includes a memory, a processor and an internal bus, and the processor and the memory communicate and exchange data with each other through the internal bus. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running software programs and modules stored in the memory, thereby realizing a seismic data observation system inspection method introduced in the embodiment of the seismic data observation system inspection method of the present invention. Among them, the processor can be a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU, a programmable logic device FPGA, etc. The memory can be various memories that use electrical energy to store information, such as RAM, ROM, etc., and of course it can also be other types of memories.
Claims
1. A method for checking a seismic data observation system, It is characterized in that The steps include: 1) After the observation system is defined for the collected seismic data, the seismic data used for longitudinal or lateral offset calculation is extracted. The seismic data used for longitudinal offset calculation is the received data of a row closest to the shot point to be checked, and the seismic data used for lateral offset calculation is the received data of the track closest to the shot point in each row; 2) extracting the offset of each trace in the extracted seismic data; 3) Calculate the difference in the shot offsets of the symmetrical channels on both sides of the shot point to obtain multiple differences; and use the multiple differences to calculate the deviation index. If the deviation index is greater than the index threshold, it is determined that the shot point has an offset phenomenon and the seismic data observation system of the shot point is incorrectly defined. Otherwise, the seismic data observation system of the shot point is correctly defined.
2. The method for checking a seismic data observation system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The deviation indicator is the standard deviation of each difference.
3. The method for checking a seismic data observation system according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The indicator threshold is the size of the longitudinal bin of the bin grid in the observation system.
4. A seismic data observation system inspection device, It is characterized in that The invention comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is used to execute computer program instructions stored in the memory to implement the following method: 1) After the observation system is defined for the collected seismic data, the seismic data used for longitudinal or lateral offset calculation is extracted. The seismic data used for longitudinal offset calculation is the received data of a row closest to the shot point to be checked, and the seismic data used for lateral offset calculation is the received data of the track closest to the shot point in each row; 2) extracting the offset of each trace in the extracted seismic data; 3) Calculate the difference in the offsets of the symmetrical channels on both sides of the shot point to obtain multiple differences; and use the multiple differences to calculate the deviation index. If the deviation index is greater than the index threshold, it is determined that the shot point has a deviation phenomenon and the seismic data observation system of the shot point is incorrectly defined.
5. The seismic data observation system inspection device according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The deviation indicator is the standard deviation of each difference.
6. The seismic data observation system inspection device according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The indicator threshold is the size of the longitudinal bin of the bin grid in the observation system.