Hot carrier solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the field of photovoltaic technology, and provides a hot carrier solar cell and a preparation method thereof, the hot carrier solar cell comprises a conductive glass layer, an HTL layer, a hot hole collection layer, a PVK layer, an ETL layer and an electrode layer which are stacked in sequence, and the hot hole collection layer is composed of phthalocyanine or a derivative thereof. The hot hole collection layer is arranged between the HTL layer and the PVK layer, and Pcs is applied to the hot hole collection layer, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and the hot carrier solar cell is realized by utilizing the advantage of adjustable energy band of the Pcs. Under the configuration, carriers can efficiently move under lower heat loss, so that the overall photovoltaic performance is enhanced, and a more efficient, more stable and more cost-effective solar cell is constructed, which is crucial to the development of renewable energy technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular relates to a hot carrier solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the current photovoltaic industry, the cost of solar materials has dropped to less than half of the total installation cost, which makes solar conversion efficiency crucial for the deployment of photovoltaic devices. Improving PV conversion efficiency is the key. Hot carrier solar cells are a technology that can achieve efficiencies exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit. Hot carrier solar cells can extract carriers with energies higher than the semiconductor band gap, resulting in a higher open circuit voltage without reducing the photocurrent. The components of hot carrier solar cells consist of a solar absorber and energy selective contacts. The selective contacts can extract carriers when they are hot, which can achieve a higher open circuit voltage. Specific molecular interactions that selectively contact the solar absorber layer can control the extraction efficiency.

[0003] Traditional hot carrier solar cells, made of III-V semiconductors, have a highest power conversion efficiency of 46% obtained with four-junction GaInP / GaAs / GaInAs / GaInAs at 508 sun irradiance. However, due to the high cost of III-V devices, this technology has not been promoted in the market.

[0004] Another type of hot carrier can be composed only of a selective contact layer and a solar absorber to simplify the device structure and reduce costs. However, because the effective mass of holes is usually larger and the specific molecular interactions at the interface are closely related to the hole transport and extraction capabilities, holes are more difficult to extract than electrons. The biggest challenge at present is how to effectively extract hot carriers when they are hot. Summary of the invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a hot carrier solar cell, aiming to solve the problems of high cost and poor hot carrier extraction efficiency in traditional hot carrier solar cells.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows: a hot carrier solar cell includes a conductive glass layer, an HTL layer, a heat hole collection layer, a PVK layer, an ETL layer and an electrode layer stacked in sequence, wherein the heat hole collection layer is composed of phthalocyanine or its derivatives.

[0007] Optionally, the phthalocyanine (Pc) or metal phthalocyanine derivatives (MPcs).

[0008] Optionally, the metal phthalocyanine derivative is Me 2Pc (e.g., octylmethyl substituted copper phthalocyanine), SBuPc (e.g., methoxytriphenylamine substituted copper phthalocyanine), or SMePc (e.g., octyl (butylsulfide) substituted copper phthalocyanine).

[0009] Optionally, a cathode buffer layer is provided between the ETL layer and the electrode layer.

[0010] Optionally, MgF2 is disposed on the electrode layer.

[0011] Optionally, a crystalline silicon bottom cell is arranged on the other side of the conductive glass layer.

[0012] Optionally, the band gap range of the PVK layer is 1.78 eV to 2.03 eV.

[0013] Optionally, the thermal pore collection layer has a thickness of 5-20 nm.

[0014] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for preparing a hot carrier solar cell, which is used to prepare the above-mentioned hot carrier solar cell, comprising the following steps:

[0015] preparing the HTL layer on the conductive glass layer;

[0016] preparing the thermal hole collection layer on the HTL layer;

[0017] Preparing the PVK layer on the thermal pore collection layer;

[0018] preparing the ETL layer on the PVK layer; and

[0019] An electrode layer is prepared on the ETL layer.

[0020] Optionally, preparing the thermal pore collection layer on the HTL layer comprises the following steps:

[0021] dissolving the phthalocyanine or its derivative in an alcohol solvent to obtain a preliminary solution;

[0022] The preliminary solution is sprayed onto the HTL layer by spin coating, blade coating, spraying or inkjet printing.

[0023] Optionally, the phthalocyanine or its derivative is Pc, Me2Pc, SBuPc or SMePc.

[0024] Optionally, the alcohol solvent is ethanol, isopropanol or n-butanol.

[0025] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are achieved by setting a hot hole collection layer between the HTL layer and the PVK layer and applying Pcs to the hot hole collection layer, which not only improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also takes advantage of its adjustable energy band to realize a hot carrier solar cell. In this configuration, carriers can move efficiently with lower heat loss, thereby enhancing the overall photovoltaic performance to build a more efficient, more stable and more cost-effective solar cell, which is crucial to the development of renewable energy technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first hot carrier solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first hot carrier solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first hot carrier solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first hot carrier solar cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the chemical structure of Pc;

[0031] Figure 6 It's Me 2 Schematic diagram of the chemical structure of Pc;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the chemical structure of SBuPc;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the chemical structure of SMePc;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the chemical structure of phthalocyanine derivatives;

[0035] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the chemical structures of various phthalocyanine derivatives.

[0036] Description of reference numerals:

[0037] 100, hot carrier solar cell; 101, conductive glass layer; 102, HTL layer; 103, hot hole collection layer; 104, PVK layer; 105, ETL layer; 106, electrode layer; 107, cathode buffer layer; 108, MgF 2 ; 109. Crystalline silicon bottom battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "left", "right", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or mutual communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0043] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples to realize different structures of the present invention. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present invention, the parts and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are only examples, and the purpose is not to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention can repeat reference numbers and / or reference letters in different examples, and this repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, which itself does not indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the examples of various specific processes and materials provided by the present invention, but those of ordinary skill in the art can be aware of the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0044] The present invention applies Pcs to the hot hole collection layer by setting a hot hole collection layer between the HTL layer and the PVK layer, which not only improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also takes advantage of its adjustable energy band to realize hot carrier solar cells. In this configuration, carriers can move efficiently with lower heat loss, thereby enhancing the overall photovoltaic performance to build more efficient, more stable and more cost-effective solar cells, which is crucial for the development of renewable energy technology.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a hot carrier solar cell, characterized in that it includes a conductive glass layer 101, an HTL layer 102, a thermal pore collection layer 103, a PVK layer 104, an ETL layer 105 and an electrode layer 106 stacked in sequence, wherein the thermal pore collection layer 103 is composed of phthalocyanine or its derivatives.

[0047] The conductive glass layer 101 provides a transparent and conductive substrate for transmitting light into the battery and serving as a current collection channel. Commonly used materials include FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ITO (indium tin oxide), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), etc.

[0048] The HTL layer 102 is a hole transport layer, which promotes the transport of photogenerated holes from the light absorption layer (PVK layer 104) to the electrode and blocks the flow of electrons to improve the efficiency of the battery. Common materials include Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetra-(N,N-di-p-methoxyaniline)-9,9'-Spiro-bis-phenanthranol), PTAA (polytriphenylamine), PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate), MoO 3 、NiO x and Cu 2 O, CuI, etc.

[0049] The PVK layer 104 is a light absorption layer, which functions as the main light absorption and charge generation region of the solar cell and is responsible for the conversion of light energy into electrical energy. Common materials are perovskite materials, such as CH NH PbI (organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite).

[0050] The ETL layer 105 is an electron transport layer, which promotes the transmission of electrons from the light absorption layer (PVK layer 104) to the electrode and blocks the flow of holes. Common materials include TiO, ZnO, PCBM (a synthetic fullerene derivative), C 60 wait.

[0051] The electrode layer 106 provides a path for collecting and transmitting current and completes the circuit. Common materials: metal (such as silver, aluminum) or conductive polymer.

[0052] The thermal pore collection layer 103 is disposed between the PVK layer 104 and the HTL layer 102. The thermal pore collection layer 103 is composed of phthalocyanine or its derivatives (Phthalocyanines, referred to as Pcs). Based on the unique chemical and physical properties of the Pcs material, the thermal pore collection layer 103 using Pcs as the intermediate layer has significant advantages, including the following aspects:

[0053] First, Pcs compounds have a large conjugated framework structure, which provides a good charge transfer path. The larger conjugated system can effectively disperse the charge, thereby promoting the migration of electrons and holes. At the same time, phthalocyanine compounds exhibit excellent thermal stability and chemical durability, enabling them to maintain the stability of the device under high temperature and harsh environments, greatly enhancing the long-term performance of solar cells.

[0054] Secondly, the structure of Pcs is very flexible. By changing the metal ions in its central ring and the side chain substituents attached to the phthalocyanine ring, its electronic properties and band structure can be finely controlled. This structural adjustability allows researchers to optimize the design of Pcs according to different application requirements to achieve the best match with the perovskite layer and the entire device. In particular, by selectively adjusting these chemical groups, the intermolecular interaction between Pcs and the perovskite active layer can be optimized. This optimization can reduce energy loss at the interface and improve charge separation efficiency and transmission efficiency.

[0055] In addition, the economical nature of Pcs also makes it attractive for large-scale production applications. Compared with other high-performance electronic materials, the synthesis cost of Pcs is low and the raw materials are easily available, which is particularly important for promoting the commercial application of large-area solar cells.

[0056] In this embodiment, a hot hole collection layer 103 is provided between the HTL layer 102 and the PVK layer 104, and Pcs is applied to the hot hole collection layer 103, which not only improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, but also takes advantage of its adjustable energy band to realize a hot carrier solar cell. In this configuration, carriers can move efficiently with lower heat loss, thereby enhancing the overall photovoltaic performance to build a more efficient, more stable and more cost-effective solar cell, which is crucial for the development of renewable energy technology.

[0057] Embodiment 2

[0058] Based on Example 1, phthalocyanine (Pc) or metal phthalocyanine derivatives (MPcs).

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, Pc is phthalocyanine, chemical formula: C 32 H 18 N 8 , composed of four isoindole subunits. Phthalocyanine can form various derivatives with metal ions, connected by intermediate nitrogen atoms, and achieve different functions by changing the central ion, the ligands bound to the axial position of the metal center, and the substituents at the peripheral (β position) and / or non-peripheral positions (α position) of the Pc skeleton. This macrocyclic system enables it to have good electron transport capabilities and stable chemical properties. Fig. 9 The figure shows the chemical structure of phthalocyanine derivatives, where: M = central metal or metalloid; R 1 =peripheral(orβ)positionnon=R 1 = peripheral (or β) position; R 2 =non-peripheral(orα)position is R 2 = non-peripheral (α position) position; R 3 ,R 4 =axial position, i.e. R 3 ,R 4 = axial position.

[0060] Phthalocyanine compounds can coordinate various metal ions to form metal phthalocyanines. The choice of the central metal cation strongly affects the physical properties of the Pc molecule. For metal cations with an oxidation state of +1, the central nitrogen atom connects the two ions. A typical example is lithium phthalocyanine (Li 2 Pc), it is believed that one of the lithium ions is located above the plane of the Pc macrocycle, while the other lithium ion is located just below it, such as Fig.10 -(a). Many divalent metal cations can be placed in the center of the Pc macrocycle to form a4h Symmetrical planar tetracoordinated complexes, which do not cause significant distortion of the macrocycle.

[0061] FePc, CoPc, NiPc, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) are representative examples, which are most widely studied as electrocatalysts, such as Fig.10 -(b).

[0062] However, some heavier divalent ions, such as Pb 2+ , which is too large to be completely contained in the cavity and lies out of the plane, e.g. Fig.10 -(c). In addition, some cations (such as Lu 3+ ,Eu 3+ ,Ho 3+ ) can coordinate with the Pc macrocycle to form a sandwich complex in the presence of alkaline earth metals (double or triple layers), such as Fig.10 -(d) and Fig.10 -(e). In some of the above-mentioned MPcs (metal phthalocyanine derivatives), the presence of axial ligands on the central metal ion provides the possibility of different geometric structures and coordination numbers, resulting in different physicochemical properties. The incorporation of an axial ligand leads to a square pyramidal structure with a coordination number of 5 (e.g., chloroaluminum phthalocyanine, Cl-AlPc), such as Fig.10 -(f). The incorporation of another ligand results in an octahedral structure with a coordination number of 6 (e.g., dichlorosilylphthalocyanine, Cl 2 -SiPc), such as Fig.10 -(g) The substituents R1, R2, R3, and R4 at the peripheral (β position) and / or non-peripheral (α position) positions of the Pc skeleton may be substituted, such as alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, and the like.

[0063] In some embodiments, the metal phthalocyanine derivative is Me 2 Pc. Figure 6 As shown, Me 2 Pc refers to a dimethyl phthalocyanine derivative, where "Me" stands for methyl (-CH). Two methyl (-CH) groups are introduced into the phthalocyanine ring. The specific chemical formula varies depending on the specific substitution position and whether there is a central metal. For example, octylmethyl substituted copper phthalocyanine is based on the basic structure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), and octylmethyl substituents are introduced into different positions of the phthalocyanine ring. Since octylmethyl is a long-chain alkyl group with hydrophobicity, it will increase the hydrophobicity and solubility of copper phthalocyanine, making it easier to disperse in organic solvents. Specifically, an octyl group (C 8 H 17 ) substituent, forming β-octyl phthalocyanine copper, the chemical formula is: C 32 H 15 CuN8 (C 8 H 17 ).

[0064] In some embodiments, the metal phthalocyanine derivative is SBuPc. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, SBuPc refers to a butylsulfonylphthalocyanine derivative, where "Bu" represents butyl (-CH ) and S represents sulfur. The specific chemical formula depends on the specific position and number of butyl groups in the structure. For example, methoxytriphenylamine substituted copper phthalocyanine is a derivative based on the basic structure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) by introducing methoxytriphenylamine groups (MTPA) at different positions of the phthalocyanine ring. Methoxytriphenylamine has good electron donor properties, which will increase the electron density of copper phthalocyanine and improve its conductivity. Specifically, a methoxytriphenylamine group is introduced at a β position of copper phthalocyanine to form β-(4-methoxytriphenylamine) copper phthalocyanine, and the chemical formula is: C 32 H 15 CuN 8 (C 19 H 17 NO).

[0065] In some embodiments, the metal phthalocyanine derivative is SMePc. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, SMePc refers to a methylsulfonylphthalocyanine derivative, where "Me" represents a methyl group (-CH), S represents a sulfur element, and the specific chemical formula depends on the specific substitution position and whether a metal is contained. For example, octyl (butylthio) substituted copper phthalocyanine is a derivative based on the basic structure of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), in which an octyl group containing a sulfur atom (such as octylthio (C8H17-S-)) is introduced at different positions of the phthalocyanine ring. Sulfur-containing substituents may increase the sulfurization properties of the compound and enhance its coordination ability with specific metals. Specifically, an octylthio group is introduced at a β position of copper phthalocyanine to form β-(octylthio) copper phthalocyanine, with a chemical formula of C 32 H 15 CuN 8 (C 8 H 17 S).

[0066] Embodiment 3

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, on the basis of the first embodiment, a cathode buffer layer 107 is provided between the ETL layer 105 and the electrode layer 106 .

[0068] The buffer layer can improve the physical contact between the ETL and the metal electrode, enhance the adhesion between the layers, and make the device more stable during processing. The cathode buffer layer 107 can improve the energy level matching between the electron transport layer and the cathode. This helps to reduce the energy barrier for charge injection, allowing electrons to be injected more smoothly from the ETL to the electrode, improving the battery's selective transmission of suitable carriers (usually electrons), while blocking the flow of holes and reducing carrier recombination, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the device.

[0069] Common materials for cathode buffer layer 107 include PEDOT:PSS, LiF, CaF 2 wait.

[0070] Embodiment 4

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, based on the first embodiment, MgF 2 108.

[0072] MgF 108 can protect the underlying electrodes and organic materials from environmental factors (such as moisture and oxygen), improving the long-term stability and durability of the device. It can also passivate the interface between the electrode and the external environment, reduce interface defects and the resulting carrier recombination, and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device.

[0073] Embodiment 5

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown, on the basis of the first embodiment, a crystalline silicon bottom cell 109 is disposed on the other side of the conductive glass layer 101 .

[0075] A crystalline silicon bottom cell 109 is arranged on the other side of the conductive glass layer 101. This structure is usually used to manufacture stacked solar cells, also known as tandem solar cells. Such a design can improve the overall energy conversion efficiency.

[0076] Embodiment 6

[0077] Based on the first embodiment, the band gap range of the PVK layer 104 is 1.78 eV to 2.03 eV.

[0078] Perovskite materials with a band gap between 1.78eV and 2.03eV can effectively absorb photons in a wider range of the solar spectrum. At the same time, compared with materials with lower band gaps, this range can utilize more high-energy (short-wavelength) photons, which is suitable for the high-energy photon utilization in the concept of hot carriers.

[0079] Embodiment 7

[0080] Based on the first embodiment, the thickness of the thermal pore collection layer 103 is 5-20 nm.

[0081] This thickness range allows for fine control of the material interface, thereby reducing interface defects and discontinuities. This helps reduce carrier trap states at the interface, thereby improving the overall energy conversion efficiency. The thinner thermal hole collection layer 103 (5-20nm) also helps to effectively collect and transport carriers. The thin layer can reduce the probability of carrier recombination within the layer, thereby improving the collection efficiency of carriers.

[0082] Embodiment 8

[0083] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a hot carrier solar cell, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0084] A HTL layer 102 is formed on the conductive glass layer 101;

[0085] A thermal hole collection layer 103 is prepared on the HTL layer 102;

[0086] A PVK layer 104 is prepared on the thermal pore collection layer 103;

[0087] preparing an ETL layer 105 on the PVK layer 104; and

[0088] The electrode layer 106 is formed on the ETL layer 105 .

[0089] The HTL layer 102 is prepared on the conductive glass layer 101 . Specifically, the HTL layer 102 can be stacked on the conductive glass layer 101 by evaporation, doctor blade coating, spraying, inkjet printing, etc.

[0090] The thermal pore collection layer 103 is prepared on the HTL layer 102 . Specifically, the thermal pore collection layer 103 can be stacked on the HTL layer 102 by spin coating, scraper coating, spraying, inkjet printing, etc.

[0091] The PVK layer 104 is prepared on the thermal pore collection layer 103 . Specifically, the PVK layer 104 can be stacked on the thermal pore collection layer 103 by spin coating, scraper coating, spray deposition, etc.

[0092] The ETL layer 105 is prepared on the PVK layer 104 , and specifically, the ETL layer 105 is stacked on the PVK layer 104 by evaporation, doctor blade coating, spraying, inkjet printing, etc.

[0093] The electrode layer 106 is prepared on the ETL layer 105 , and the electrode preparation can be completed by screen printing, evaporation, etc.

[0094] Embodiment 9

[0095] On the basis of the eighth embodiment, preparing the thermal hole collection layer 103 on the HTL layer 102 comprises the following steps:

[0096] dissolving phthalocyanine or its derivative in an alcohol solvent to obtain a preliminary solution;

[0097] The preliminary solution is sprayed onto the HTL layer 102 by spin coating, doctor blade coating, spraying or inkjet printing.

[0098] Select appropriate phthalocyanine (such as copper phthalocyanine) or its derivatives, dissolve phthalocyanine or its derivatives in an alcohol solvent, and ensure sufficient dissolution by stirring and ultrasonic treatment to obtain a uniform preliminary solution. This step is crucial to ensure the uniformity of film thickness and surface quality in the subsequent deposition process.

[0099] Specifically, the spraying method can be to evenly drop the preliminary solution on the surface of the HTL layer 102 rotating at high speed on the spin coater. The thickness and uniformity of the film can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed and time. It can also be to use a smooth blade to spread the solution on the surface of the HTL layer 102, and to obtain a uniform film by adjusting the speed and height of the blade. It can also be to atomize the solution through a nozzle and evenly spray it on the HTL layer 102, which is suitable for large-scale production. It can also be to print the solution on a specific area as needed, which is suitable for making complex patterns and saving materials.

[0100] Embodiment 10

[0101] Based on Example 8, phthalocyanine or its derivative is Pc, Me2Pc, SBuPc or SMePc.

[0102] The above compounds have been described in detail in Example 2 and will not be described again here.

[0103] Embodiment 11

[0104] Based on Example 8, the alcohol solvent is ethanol, isopropanol or n-butanol.

[0105] Ethanol is a commonly used low toxicity solvent with good solubility for many phthalocyanine compounds. Its rapid volatility helps to form a uniform and smooth thin layer.

[0106] Isopropyl alcohol is slightly less volatile than ethanol, but has similarly good solubility characteristics and is often used where a slightly thicker or more uniform film is desired. The larger molecular structure of isopropyl alcohol can sometimes provide a smoother film.

[0107] Due to its higher boiling point and slower volatility, n-butanol can prolong the residence time of the solvent during the film-forming process, which is beneficial for certain materials that require a slower solidification process.

[0108] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of the above embodiments, combine various implementation methods in the above embodiments to obtain technical solutions of multiple implementation methods.

[0109] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hot carrier solar cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a conductive glass layer, an HTL layer, a heat pore collection layer, a PVK layer, an ETL layer and an electrode layer which are stacked in sequence, wherein the heat pore collection layer is composed of phthalocyanine or its derivatives.

2. The hot carrier solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phthalocyanine (Pc) or metal phthalocyanine derivatives (MPcs).

3. The hot carrier solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal phthalocyanine derivative is Me2Pc (eg, octylmethyl substituted copper phthalocyanine), SBuPc (eg, methoxytriphenylamine substituted copper phthalocyanine) or SMePc (eg, octyl (butylsulfide) substituted copper phthalocyanine).

4. The hot carrier solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cathode buffer layer is disposed between the ETL layer and the electrode layer.

5. The hot carrier solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: MgF2 is disposed on the electrode layer.

6. The hot carrier solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A crystalline silicon bottom cell is arranged on the other side of the conductive glass layer.

7. The hot carrier solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The band gap range of the PVK layer is 1.78 eV to 2.03 eV.

8. The hot carrier solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the thermal pore collection layer is 5-20 nm.

9. A method for preparing a hot carrier solar cell, characterized in that: The method for preparing the hot carrier solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: preparing the HTL layer on the conductive glass layer; preparing the thermal hole collection layer on the HTL layer; Preparing the PVK layer on the thermal pore collection layer; preparing the ETL layer on the PVK layer; and An electrode layer is prepared on the ETL layer.

10. The method for preparing a hot carrier solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation of the thermal pore collection layer on the HTL layer comprises the following steps: dissolving the phthalocyanine or its derivative in an alcohol solvent to obtain a preliminary solution; The preliminary solution is sprayed onto the HTL layer by spin coating, blade coating, spraying or inkjet printing.

11. The method for preparing a hot carrier solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The phthalocyanine (Pc) or metal phthalocyanine derivatives (MPcs).

12. The method for preparing a hot carrier solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that: The alcohol solvent is ethanol, isopropanol or n-butanol.

Images