The invention relates to the field of the plan and the design of energy systems, and discloses a multi-energy complementary distributed energy system and an equipment configuration and operation optimization method thereof. According to the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system and the equipment configuration and operation optimization method thereof, energies such as fossil energy, unemployed energy, and renewable energy etc. are converted by the adoption of energy conversion technologies such as the conventional generation technology, the renewable energy technology, the cogeneration technology or the thermal technology etc., the requirements of terminal loads such as electric power, refrigeration, heating, and hot water etc. are satisfied, defects of single energy carrier and single energy supply technology in the prior art are overcome, the coupling utilization mode of a plurality of distributed energy supply technologies is provided, and energy complementation is formed. Further, during system equipment configuration and operation optimization, an established optimization model comprehensively considers equipment performance, policy indicators or economic indicators and combines economic, environmental, and policy boundary conditions, the problem of decoupling of equipment type selection and operation strategy in the prior art is solved, and scientific basis is provided for relevant policy making.