Photovoltaic adjustment method and device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic adjustment method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the real-time monitoring of the voltage level of a transformer area user and the reverse load rate of a distribution transformer, and obtaining the triggering signals of voltage overrun and reverse heavy overload; obtaining an execution sequence of overvoltage treatment or reverse heavy overload treatment according to the trigger signal; performing dynamic adjustment calculation to obtain a power reduction instruction; executing the power reduction instruction, and measuring and comparing the adjusted system parameters to obtain a judgment result; according to a judgment result, performing cycle control on an adjusting process to obtain a final stable state or a power complete limiting state; according to the method, intelligent decision making can be carried out according to real-time monitoring data, safe and stable operation of a power grid is guaranteed, and the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation is improved to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic regulation technology, in particular to a photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy, the proportion of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems in power grids continues to increase. Although this trend is conducive to reducing carbon emissions and optimizing energy structure, it also brings new challenges to the stable operation of traditional power grids. Especially in periods when photovoltaic power generation is large and power load is small, problems such as local overvoltage and reverse overload of distribution transformers are prone to occur. These problems not only affect the safe and stable operation of the power grid, but may also cause frequent disconnection of photovoltaic systems, reducing the utilization efficiency of renewable energy.

[0003] Traditional grid control methods are mainly designed for large centralized power plants, and are difficult to effectively deal with the rapid and frequent power fluctuations caused by distributed photovoltaic power generation systems. Some existing photovoltaic regulation methods often adopt simple power limiting strategies. Although they can alleviate the problem to a certain extent, they are often a "one-size-fits-all" approach, which is not accurate enough and may cause unnecessary power generation losses. In addition, these methods usually lack comprehensive consideration and priority processing of multiple abnormal situations, making it difficult to make optimal decisions in complex actual operating environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium, which can make intelligent decisions based on real-time monitoring data, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and maximizing the utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] Photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium, the photovoltaic regulation method comprises the following steps;

[0007] Step S1, real-time monitoring of the user voltage level and the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer in the distribution station area to obtain trigger signals of voltage over-limit and reverse heavy overload;

[0008] Step S2: according to the trigger signal, the priority of the regulation strategy is judged to obtain the execution order of overvoltage control or reverse heavy overload control;

[0009] Step S3, dynamically adjust and calculate the active power of the photovoltaic inverter to obtain a power reduction instruction, wherein the overvoltage control is for a single inverter, and the reverse heavy overload control is for the inverters in the entire station area;

[0010] Step S4, executing the power reduction instruction, and measuring and comparing the adjusted system parameters to obtain a determination result;

[0011] Step S5: According to the determination result, the adjustment process is cyclically controlled to obtain a final stable state or a power-completely limited state;

[0012] Step S6: timing the last adjustment time and comparing it with the threshold value to obtain a power limit release instruction, wherein overvoltage control releases the limit of a single inverter, and reverse heavy overload control releases the limit of the entire station area.

[0013] The method of step S1 is specifically as follows: by collecting the real-time voltage of the users in the substation area, obtaining the current voltage data, and then calculating the ratio of the real-time voltage data to the rated voltage to obtain voltage ratio data that can timely reflect whether the voltage is within the normal range; comparing the voltage ratio data with a preset first threshold value, if the voltage ratio exceeds the preset first threshold value, it indicates that the voltage has exceeded the limit, and at this time, a voltage exceeding limit trigger signal is generated, indicating that corresponding adjustment is required;

[0014] In step S1, the real-time power of the distribution transformer is collected to obtain current power data, and then the reverse load rate is calculated based on these data to obtain reverse load rate data;

[0015] In step S1, the load condition of the distribution transformer is monitored to identify whether there is a reverse heavy overload situation; the reverse load rate data is compared with a preset second threshold value. If the reverse load rate exceeds the preset second threshold value, it means that the distribution transformer is in a reverse heavy overload state. At this time, a reverse heavy overload trigger signal is generated, indicating that the system needs to be adjusted.

[0016] A large-scale ground photovoltaic power station is provided in the distribution substation area. The photovoltaic power station is connected to the substation area distribution network through a dedicated line. The proportion of photovoltaic power in the substation area's electricity consumption is the photovoltaic penetration rate. The adjustment method controls the photovoltaic penetration rate according to the specific conditions of the substation area, and ensures the stability and reliability of the substation area system by controlling the proportion of photovoltaic power within 30%.

[0017] By installing voltage sensors at the voltage monitoring points in the substation area, the real-time voltage data of each user is obtained; the real-time voltage of the substation area users is set as V 实时 , and the rated voltage of the stage is V 额定 , calculate the ratio of the collected real-time voltage to the rated voltage, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, R V It is the voltage ratio data, which is used to measure the deviation between the current voltage and the rated voltage. Through this calculation, the real-time voltage data of different users are standardized to facilitate unified comparison. The voltage ratio RV and the preset first threshold T V For comparison; T V It is set according to the grid design requirements and safety standards. V Exceeding this threshold T V When the voltage level of the user exceeds the allowable range, it means that the user's voltage level exceeds the allowable range, which may cause damage to electrical equipment or other safety problems. In this case, a voltage overlimit trigger signal is generated to notify relevant equipment or management personnel to take measures to adjust the output power of the photovoltaic inverter or perform other power regulation operations to restore the voltage to a safe range. At the same time, the real-time power of the distribution transformer is collected and its reverse load rate is calculated. Assume that the real-time power of the distribution transformer is P 实时 , the rated power of the transformer is P 额定 ; The calculation formula of reverse load rate is as follows:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, R L Represents the ratio of the current distribution transformer load rate, which is used to evaluate whether the transformer is in an overload state or a reverse overload state. Similar to voltage monitoring, the reverse load rate R L and the preset second threshold T L Compare; the second threshold T L It is set according to the design capacity of the transformer and the safety of power grid operation. L More than T L When the load on the transformer exceeds the safety range, the system generates a reverse overload trigger signal, indicating that the photovoltaic inverter group or other loads need to be adjusted to reduce the transformer load rate and avoid equipment damage or power outages caused by overload.

[0022] The method of step S2 is specifically as follows: performing simultaneity analysis on the voltage over-limit trigger signal and the reverse heavy overload trigger signal to obtain the occurrence timing information of the two abnormal states; by analyzing the timing information, determining which abnormal state occurs first, and providing a basis for determining the priority of the adjustment strategy;

[0023] When the system detects only the voltage over-limit trigger signal, it means that the current main problem is that the voltage level exceeds the normal range. The overvoltage control strategy is set as the only execution strategy to adjust the active power of the photovoltaic inverter in time to avoid the impact on the power grid and equipment due to the voltage over-limit. Similarly, if only the reverse heavy overload trigger signal is detected, it is judged that the current main problem is the reverse heavy overload of the distribution transformer. The reverse heavy overload control strategy is set as the only execution strategy to ensure that the load rate is restored to a safe range to prevent the system from having more serious overload problems. If the voltage over-limit trigger signal and the reverse heavy overload trigger signal are detected at the same time, the order of occurrence of the signals is analyzed. When the two signals appear at the same time, it is considered that the reverse heavy overload has a more urgent impact on the system. Therefore, the reverse heavy overload control strategy is set as the priority execution strategy to quickly respond to the load problem, and then adjust the overvoltage control.

[0024] If the timing analysis shows that the reverse heavy overload trigger signal appears before the voltage overlimit trigger signal, the reverse heavy overload control strategy and the overvoltage control strategy are executed in sequence to ensure that the more urgent load problem is solved first, and then the voltage problem is adjusted;

[0025] If reverse overload management involves inverter adjustment in the entire substation, the complexity and importance of the processing are higher than the overvoltage management of a single inverter. In this case, even if the voltage overlimit trigger signal appears before the reverse overload trigger signal, the reverse overload management strategy will still be set as the priority execution strategy, giving priority to reverse overload to ensure the overall stability of the system.

[0026] The method of step S3 is specifically as follows: when the system executes the overvoltage control strategy, the voltage level of a single inverter is monitored in real time to obtain the current voltage value; by comparing the current voltage value with the preset first threshold of the rated voltage, a voltage difference value reflecting the deviation between the current voltage level and the safety range is calculated; according to the voltage difference value, a negative feedback calculation is performed on the active power of the single inverter to determine the amount of power to be reduced; and the power reduction amount is converted into a corresponding power reduction instruction and sent to the target inverter to ensure that the output power of the inverter is reduced to a safe range to effectively control the overvoltage problem;

[0027] When the system executes the reverse heavy overload management strategy, the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer is calculated in real time to obtain the current load rate value; the current load rate value is compared with the preset second threshold value to determine the excess ratio that exceeds the safety range; the excess ratio reflects the deviation between the current load rate and the normal load rate; according to the excess ratio, the total power reduction required by the inverters in the entire area is calculated to reduce the load of the distribution transformer to a safe level. The total power reduction amount is distributed in equal proportion to determine the power reduction amount required for each inverter; the power reduction amount of each inverter is converted into a corresponding power reduction instruction and sent in batches to the inverters in the entire area to achieve load management of the entire area and prevent system instability due to overload.

[0028] In step S3, when the system executes the overvoltage control strategy, the voltage level of a single inverter is monitored in real time; the current voltage value is collected by the voltage sensor installed on the inverter, and the voltage value is set to V 当前 ; V 当前 Represents the actual output voltage of the inverter at a certain moment. In order to determine whether the voltage exceeds the safety range, V 当前 With the preset rated voltage V 额定 Compare; set an allowable voltage fluctuation range, namely the first threshold T V Used to evaluate whether the voltage exceeds the limit; the comparison process is achieved by calculating the voltage difference. The calculation formula for the voltage difference ΔV is as follows:

[0029] ΔV=V 当前 -V 额定 -T V ;

[0030] Among them, ΔV reflects the difference between the current voltage value and the rated voltage plus the preset first threshold; when ΔV is positive and greater than zero, it means that the voltage has exceeded the safety threshold, and measures need to be taken to reduce the output power of the inverter to control the voltage within a reasonable range; negative feedback calculation is performed on the active power of a single inverter; the negative feedback calculation is performed based on ΔV, assuming that the current active power of the inverter is P 当前 , the system calculates the amount of power to be cut ΔP based on ΔV and a preset feedback coefficient k, the formula is as follows:

[0031] ΔP=k·ΔV;

[0032] Where k is the feedback factor, which is used to control the sensitivity of voltage changes to power regulation. After obtaining ΔP, the system compares it with P 当前Subtract the two values ​​to calculate the new active power setting value, and convert the power reduction amount ΔP into the corresponding power reduction instruction; send the instruction to the target inverter through the communication network to ensure that it adjusts the output power and reduces the voltage to a safe range; when the system executes the reverse overload management strategy, manage the load of the entire substation and calculate the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer in real time; suppose the real-time power of the current transformer is P 实时 , rated power is P 额定 ; Reverse load rate R L The calculation formula is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] R L Represents the ratio of the current load to the rated load; R L and the preset second threshold T L For comparison, the calculation formula for the excess ratio ΔR is:

[0035] ΔR=R L -T L ;

[0036] When ΔR>0, it indicates that the load exceeds the safety range and the total power output of the photovoltaic inverter group needs to be reduced. Based on ΔR, the total power reduction ΔP of the inverters in the entire station area is calculated. 总 , the specific formula is as follows:

[0037] ΔP 总 =k L ·ΔR·P 额定 ;

[0038] Among them, k L is the load regulation factor. The total power reduction amount ΔP 总 Inverter power reduction ΔP i , the allocation formula is:

[0039]

[0040] Where N is the number of PV inverters in the area. The reduction amount is converted into power reduction instructions and sent in batches to the inverters in the entire area to ensure that the overall load is reduced to a safe range.

[0041] The method of step S4 is specifically as follows: sending a power reduction instruction to the target photovoltaic inverter through a communication network, and waiting for the target inverter to return an execution confirmation signal to ensure that the instruction has been successfully issued and started to be executed; measuring the output power of the photovoltaic inverter after executing the power reduction instruction to obtain the actual reduced power value; in order to ensure that the regulation effect meets expectations, comparing the actual reduced power value with the target reduction power set in the instruction, and calculating the power regulation deviation;

[0042] If there is a significant difference between the actual power reduction and the target value, it means that the inverter has not been able to fully execute the instructions, or there are other influencing factors that require further adjustment; under the overvoltage control strategy, the adjusted user voltage level is measured to obtain a new voltage value; the new voltage value is compared with the preset first threshold to determine whether the adjusted voltage has returned to the normal range, and the voltage regulation result is obtained;

[0043] If the voltage still exceeds the preset threshold, the inverter output power needs to be adjusted until the voltage reaches the expected level;

[0044] Under the reverse heavy overload management strategy, the reverse load rate of the adjusted distribution transformer is recalculated to obtain a new load rate value. The new load rate value is compared with the preset second threshold value to determine whether the load adjustment is successful and obtain the load rate adjustment result;

[0045] If the load rate still exceeds the safe range, the system needs to further reduce the output power of the photovoltaic inverter to reduce the load on the distribution transformer;

[0046] The power regulation deviation, voltage regulation result or load rate regulation result are comprehensively analyzed to generate a final regulation effect determination result; the determination result is used to determine whether the regulation process is completed or whether further adjustment is required.

[0047] The specific method of step S5 is: analyzing the judgment result to determine whether the detected abnormality has been resolved; if the analysis result shows that the abnormality has not been resolved, then calculating the remaining adjustable power of the photovoltaic inverter to obtain the currently available adjustment amount, and determining whether there is room for further adjustment, so as to make an appropriate adjustment decision; the analysis process is executed in a loop, specifically: comparing the available adjustment amount with the preset minimum adjustment step to obtain a judgment result on whether the adjustment can continue; if the available adjustment amount is sufficient and the adjustment can continue, the system re-executes the dynamic adjustment calculation step, generates a new power reduction instruction, and sends it to the photovoltaic inverter to try to solve the abnormal problem; if the system determines that the adjustment cannot continue, that is, the available adjustment amount is not enough to meet the minimum adjustment step requirement, then checking the current output power of the photovoltaic inverter to determine whether it has dropped to zero; if the output power has not dropped to zero, it means that the inverter is still providing power output. At this time, the power reduction instruction is set to full restriction to ensure that the inverter stops supplying power, and the final power limit instruction is generated to deal with the persistent abnormal situation;

[0048] If the output power has dropped to zero and the abnormality is still not resolved, it indicates that the abnormality cannot be handled by power regulation. In this case, the zero power output state is maintained, the special situation is recorded and the corresponding processing result is generated; at the same time, the number of cycles is accumulated and compared with the preset cycle upper limit;

[0049] If the number of cycles reaches the upper limit, it means that the adjustment process has been tried many times but still cannot completely solve the problem. At this time, the system will terminate the cycle and obtain the final stable state or complete power limit state. Through the loop control method, the system can continuously try to optimize the adjustment strategy when the abnormal problem is not solved, and ultimately ensure that the photovoltaic system can achieve the most stable operating state or completely limit the output power when necessary after the maximum adjustment, thereby ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power grid.

[0050] The specific method of step S6 is: record the completion time of the last adjustment to obtain the starting time point of the adjustment; at this time, start the internal timer, accumulate the elapsed time from the starting time point of the adjustment, and update the current accumulated time in real time; as time goes by, compare the current accumulated time with the preset third threshold to determine whether the conditions for lifting the power restriction are met; when the comparison result shows that the current accumulated time has reached or exceeded the preset third threshold, detect the current system status to determine whether the abnormal situation occurs again; if the test result shows that the abnormality does not occur again, this indicates that the system has returned to a stable state and the previous power restriction can be considered to be lifted. At this time, the system generates a corresponding release instruction according to the previously executed regulation type; if the previous regulation type is overvoltage management, the system generates a power limit release instruction for a single inverter to restore the normal power output of the inverter; if the regulation type is reverse heavy overload management, a power limit release instruction for the inverters in the entire area will be generated to release the power limit of the entire area and restore all inverters to normal operation; the generated power limit release instruction is sent to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter through the communication network to ensure that the instruction is successfully transmitted and executed, and a release confirmation signal is received from the inverter to confirm the completion of the power limit release operation;

[0051] In order to ensure the stable operation of the system after the power restriction is lifted, the system parameters after the power restriction is lifted are monitored and the system status data after the power restriction is lifted is collected to reflect whether the system can maintain a normal operating state after the power restriction is lifted, or whether further adjustments are needed;

[0052] All released system status data are stored and analyzed to generate complete record data of the adjustment process. Through the analysis of these data, effective experience in the adjustment process is summarized to provide reference for future adjustment strategies, thereby further improving the system's adjustment capability and operating efficiency;

[0053] The specific operations are:

[0054] When the system completes a power adjustment, the completion time of the adjustment is recorded; the adjustment completion time is set as t 完成 , represents the time point when the last power adjustment ends; save this time point as the adjustment start time point t 起始 , and use this as a reference to start the internal timer to accumulate the elapsed time. After starting the timer, 起始 To the current time t 当前 The accumulated time between is measured to obtain the current accumulated time Δt, the formula is as follows:

[0055] Δt=t 当前 -t 起始 ;

[0056] The accumulated time Δt represents the time interval from the completion of the adjustment to the current moment, and is an important parameter for determining whether the release condition has been met. t For comparison, T t It is the time threshold set according to the system safety operation requirements, which is used to determine whether the power limit can be lifted; T t Set to a sufficiently long time to ensure that the system has a sufficient stabilization period after the abnormality is resolved; if Δt is greater than or equal to T t , it is considered that the release condition has been met and the current system state can be detected; when the release condition is met, the current state is detected to confirm whether the abnormal situation recurs. By re-measuring key parameters such as voltage and load rate, it is determined whether the effect of the adjustment is sustained; if the test results show that the abnormality does not recur, that is, the system state returns to normal, and the corresponding release instruction is generated according to the previously executed adjustment type;

[0057] If the previous regulation type is overvoltage control, the main abnormal problem is that the voltage is too high due to a certain PV inverter. At this time, the system generates a power limit release instruction for the single inverter to restore its normal power output;

[0058] If the previous regulation type is reverse heavy overload management, the system will generate a power limit release instruction for all inverters in the entire area to release the power limit of the entire area and restore normal output of all photovoltaic inverters;

[0059] After the release command is generated, it is sent to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter through the communication network, and waits for the return of the release confirmation signal; the confirmation signal indicates that the command has been successfully transmitted, and that the inverter has released the power limit as required and restored normal output; in order to ensure that the system can operate stably after the release, the system parameters after the power limit is released are monitored; the voltage, load rate and other parameters are re-measured to obtain the system status data after the release. Through these data, the operating effect after the power limit is released is judged to ensure that the system returns to normal and no abnormal situation occurs again; all the system status data after the release are stored and analyzed to generate complete adjustment process record data, including all steps from initial adjustment to power limit release, and the system status changes at each key moment.

[0060] The photovoltaic regulation device includes:

[0061] The acquisition module is used to monitor the voltage level of users in the substation area and the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer in real time, and obtain the trigger signal of voltage over-limit and reverse heavy overload;

[0062] A judgment module, used to judge the priority of the adjustment strategy according to the trigger signal, and obtain the execution order of overvoltage control or reverse heavy overload control;

[0063] The calculation module is used to dynamically adjust and calculate the active power of the photovoltaic inverter to obtain the power reduction instruction, where the overvoltage control is for a single inverter and the reverse heavy overload control is for the inverters in the entire area;

[0064] A measuring module, used for executing the power reduction instruction, and measuring and comparing the adjusted system parameters to obtain a determination result;

[0065] A control module, used for cyclically controlling the adjustment process according to the determination result to obtain a final stable state or a power-completely limited state;

[0066] A comparison module is used to time the last adjustment time and compare the threshold value to obtain a power limit release instruction, wherein overvoltage control releases the limit of a single inverter, and reverse heavy overload control releases the limit of the entire station area;

[0067] The photovoltaic regulation device includes a computer device, which includes: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions; the at least one processor calls the instructions in the memory so that the computer device executes the above-mentioned photovoltaic regulation method.

[0068] The storage medium of the photovoltaic regulation device is a computer-readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored. When the instructions are run on a computer, the photovoltaic regulation method is executed by the computer.

[0069] In the technical solution provided by the present invention, by real-time monitoring of the voltage level of users in the substation area and the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer, the voltage over-limit and reverse overload problems can be accurately identified, and the corresponding trigger signal can be generated according to the preset threshold. This precise problem identification mechanism helps to avoid unnecessary adjustments and improve the operating efficiency of the system. It is possible to make priority judgments on different types of abnormal situations, especially when the voltage over-limit and reverse overload occur at the same time, the reverse overload problem is handled first. This intelligent decision-making mechanism ensures the timely handling of the most urgent problems and improves the effectiveness of the regulation. Different regulation strategies are adopted for the overvoltage and reverse overload problems. The overvoltage problem is regulated for a single inverter, while the reverse overload problem is regulated for the inverters in the entire substation area. This differentiated processing method not only ensures the accuracy of the regulation, but also takes into account the overall balance of the system. By measuring the adjusted system parameters in real time and comparing them with the target values, dynamic feedback regulation is achieved. This closed-loop control mechanism can continuously optimize the regulation effect and adapt to the dynamic changes of the system. According to the judgment result, loop control is performed, and the minimum adjustment step and the upper limit of the number of cycles are set, which not only ensures the fineness of the regulation, but also avoids the risk of infinite loops. At the same time, there is a corresponding processing mechanism for special cases (such as the problem cannot be solved even if the power is reduced to zero), which improves the robustness of the method. By timing the last adjustment time and comparing it with the threshold, the power limit is automatically released. This mechanism not only avoids unnecessary power restrictions for a long time, but also ensures the stability of the system after the limit is released through state detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0071] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0072] Attached Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the photovoltaic regulation method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Attached Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic regulation device in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] Embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium. The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0075] For ease of understanding, the specific process of the embodiment of the present invention is described below. Figure 1 ,

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium, the photovoltaic regulation method includes the following steps;

[0077] Step S1, real-time monitoring of the user voltage level and the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer in the distribution station area to obtain trigger signals of voltage over-limit and reverse heavy overload;

[0078] Step S2: according to the trigger signal, the priority of the regulation strategy is judged to obtain the execution order of overvoltage control or reverse heavy overload control;

[0079] Step S3, dynamically adjust and calculate the active power of the photovoltaic inverter to obtain a power reduction instruction, wherein the overvoltage control is for a single inverter, and the reverse heavy overload control is for the inverters in the entire station area;

[0080] Step S4, executing the power reduction instruction, and measuring and comparing the adjusted system parameters to obtain a determination result;

[0081] Step S5: According to the determination result, the adjustment process is cyclically controlled to obtain a final stable state or a power-completely limited state;

[0082] Step S6: timing the last adjustment time and comparing it with the threshold value to obtain a power limit release instruction, wherein overvoltage control releases the limit of a single inverter, and reverse heavy overload control releases the limit of the entire station area.

[0083] The method of step S1 is specifically as follows: by collecting the real-time voltage of the users in the substation area, obtaining the current voltage data, and then calculating the ratio of the real-time voltage data to the rated voltage to obtain voltage ratio data that can timely reflect whether the voltage is within the normal range; comparing the voltage ratio data with a preset first threshold value, if the voltage ratio exceeds the preset first threshold value, it indicates that the voltage has exceeded the limit, and at this time, a voltage exceeding limit trigger signal is generated, indicating that corresponding adjustment is required;

[0084] In step S1, the real-time power of the distribution transformer is collected to obtain current power data, and then the reverse load rate is calculated based on these data to obtain reverse load rate data;

[0085] In step S1, the load condition of the distribution transformer is monitored to identify whether there is a reverse heavy overload situation; the reverse load rate data is compared with a preset second threshold value. If the reverse load rate exceeds the preset second threshold value, it means that the distribution transformer is in a reverse heavy overload state. At this time, a reverse heavy overload trigger signal is generated, indicating that the system needs to be adjusted.

[0086] A large-scale ground photovoltaic power station is provided in the distribution substation area. The photovoltaic power station is connected to the substation area distribution network through a dedicated line. The proportion of photovoltaic power in the substation area's electricity consumption is the photovoltaic penetration rate. The adjustment method controls the photovoltaic penetration rate according to the specific conditions of the substation area, and ensures the stability and reliability of the substation area system by controlling the proportion of photovoltaic power within 30%.

[0087] It is understandable that the execution subject of this example may be a photovoltaic adjustment device, or a terminal or a server, which is not limited here. This embodiment is described by taking a server as the execution subject as an example.

[0088] It should be noted that in this example, the photovoltaic equipment is connected to the substation in the following ways:

[0089] (1) Distributed access: Install photovoltaic power generation equipment on the user side and connect it directly to the user's power distribution system. This embodiment is used for small distributed photovoltaic systems such as residential rooftop photovoltaics and commercial building photovoltaics.

[0090] (2) Centralized access: A dedicated photovoltaic power station is set up in the substation area and connected to the substation area power distribution network through a dedicated line. This embodiment is used for large-scale ground photovoltaic power stations.

[0091] (3) Hybrid access: Both distributed and centralized photovoltaic access methods exist.

[0092] When connecting, the following technical requirements need to be considered: The photovoltaic inverter has the grid-connected characteristics of low voltage ride-through, active power regulation, and reactive power regulation. The voltage at the access point should meet the requirements of relevant standards. The photovoltaic system should have anti-islanding protection function. The access capacity should be determined according to the capacity of the distribution transformer in the substation area and the line carrying capacity.

[0093] Access topology of photovoltaic equipment

[0094] (1) Single-household access type:

[0095] [Photovoltaic array] → [Inverter] → [User distribution box] → [Public distribution network].

[0096] (2) Multi-household convergence access type:

[0097] [PV array 1] → [Inverter 1] ↘

[0098] [PV array 2] → [Inverter 2] → [Combiner box] → [Public distribution network].

[0099] [PV array 3] → [Inverter 3] ↗

[0100] (3) Centralized access type:

[0101] [Photovoltaic array group] → [central inverter] → [step-up transformer] → [public distribution network].

[0102] The proportion of photovoltaic power in the power consumption of the substation. The proportion of photovoltaic power in the power consumption of the substation usually depends on the following factors: the photovoltaic installed capacity of the substation, the power load characteristics of the substation, the season and weather conditions. In this embodiment, the proportion of photovoltaic power in the power consumption of the substation is divided into the following levels: (1) Low penetration rate: 0-15%. Features: The impact on the voltage and load of the substation is small, and basically no special control measures are required. (2) Medium penetration rate: 15%-30%. Features: Local overvoltage or reverse power flow may occur during periods of strong light and low load, and certain control measures need to be taken. (3) High penetration rate: 30%-50%. Features: Overvoltage and reverse power flow often occur, and comprehensive control measures need to be taken to ensure safe and stable operation of the substation. (4) Ultra-high penetration rate: above 50%. Features: The operating characteristics of the substation are fundamentally changed, and the control strategy and operation mode are redesigned. In this embodiment, according to the specific conditions of the substation, the photovoltaic penetration rate is controlled to control the proportion of photovoltaic power within 30% to ensure the stability and reliability of the system. When the photovoltaic penetration rate exceeds this range, the photovoltaic regulation method proposed in the present invention needs to be adopted to ensure the safe and stable operation of the substation.

[0103] By installing voltage sensors at the voltage monitoring points in the substation area, the real-time voltage data of each user is obtained; the real-time voltage of the substation area users is set as V实时 , and the rated voltage of the stage is V 额定 , calculate the ratio of the collected real-time voltage to the rated voltage, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0104]

[0105] Among them, R V It is the voltage ratio data, which is used to measure the deviation between the current voltage and the rated voltage. Through this calculation, the real-time voltage data of different users are standardized to facilitate unified comparison. The voltage ratio R V and the preset first threshold T V For comparison; T V It is set according to the grid design requirements and safety standards. V Exceeding this threshold T V When the voltage level of the user exceeds the allowable range, it means that the user's voltage level exceeds the allowable range, which may cause damage to electrical equipment or other safety problems. In this case, a voltage overlimit trigger signal is generated to notify relevant equipment or management personnel to take measures to adjust the output power of the photovoltaic inverter or perform other power regulation operations to restore the voltage to a safe range. At the same time, the real-time power of the distribution transformer is collected and its reverse load rate is calculated. Assume that the real-time power of the distribution transformer is P 实时 , the rated power of the transformer is P 额定 ; The calculation formula of reverse load rate is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Among them, R L Represents the ratio of the current distribution transformer load rate, which is used to evaluate whether the transformer is in an overload state or a reverse overload state. Similar to voltage monitoring, the reverse load rate R L and the preset second threshold T L Compare; the second threshold T L It is set according to the design capacity of the transformer and the safety of power grid operation. L More than T L When the load on the transformer exceeds the safety range, the system generates a reverse overload trigger signal, indicating that the photovoltaic inverter group or other loads need to be adjusted to reduce the transformer load rate and avoid equipment damage or power outages caused by overload.

[0108] The method of step S2 is specifically as follows: performing simultaneity analysis on the voltage over-limit trigger signal and the reverse heavy overload trigger signal to obtain the occurrence timing information of the two abnormal states; by analyzing the timing information, determining which abnormal state occurs first, and providing a basis for determining the priority of the adjustment strategy;

[0109] When the system detects only the voltage over-limit trigger signal, it means that the current main problem is that the voltage level exceeds the normal range. The overvoltage control strategy is set as the only execution strategy to adjust the active power of the photovoltaic inverter in time to avoid the impact on the power grid and equipment due to the voltage over-limit. Similarly, if only the reverse heavy overload trigger signal is detected, it is judged that the current main problem is the reverse heavy overload of the distribution transformer. The reverse heavy overload control strategy is set as the only execution strategy to ensure that the load rate is restored to a safe range to prevent the system from having more serious overload problems. If the voltage over-limit trigger signal and the reverse heavy overload trigger signal are detected at the same time, the order of occurrence of the signals is analyzed. When the two signals appear at the same time, it is considered that the reverse heavy overload has a more urgent impact on the system. Therefore, the reverse heavy overload control strategy is set as the priority execution strategy to quickly respond to the load problem, and then adjust the overvoltage control.

[0110] If the timing analysis shows that the reverse heavy overload trigger signal appears before the voltage overlimit trigger signal, the reverse heavy overload control strategy and the overvoltage control strategy are executed in sequence to ensure that the more urgent load problem is solved first, and then the voltage problem is adjusted;

[0111] If reverse overload management involves inverter adjustment in the entire substation, the complexity and importance of the processing are higher than the overvoltage management of a single inverter. In this case, even if the voltage overlimit trigger signal appears before the reverse overload trigger signal, the reverse overload management strategy will still be set as the priority execution strategy, giving priority to reverse overload to ensure the overall stability of the system.

[0112] The specific operations of step S2 are:

[0113] Specifically, the voltage over-limit trigger signal and the reverse overload trigger signal are monitored and recorded in real time to obtain their timing information. The trigger time of the voltage over-limit trigger signal is set to t V , the trigger time of the reverse heavy overload trigger signal is t L , these two variables represent the specific time points when voltage overlimit and reverse overload anomalies first occur. V and t L By comparing the two abnormal signals, the order of the two abnormal signals can be determined, so as to decide the corresponding regulation strategy. V Existence L If it does not exist, the system will determine that the main problem of the substation is overvoltage, so the overvoltage control strategy is set as the only execution strategy. Overvoltage control strategies usually include adjusting the output power of the photovoltaic inverter, balancing the voltage, and other operations to ensure that the voltage level returns to a safe range. In this case, the voltage problem is handled first to ensure the safety of the power grid and user equipment. On the contrary, when only the reverse heavy overload trigger signal is detected, that is, tL Existence V If it does not exist, the reverse overload management strategy is set as the only execution strategy. The reverse overload management strategy usually involves adjusting the overall power output of the photovoltaic inverter group to reduce the load pressure of the distribution transformer and prevent overload from causing equipment failure or power outage. In some complex situations, the voltage over-limit trigger signal and the reverse overload trigger signal may be detected at the same time, that is, t V and t L Both exist. In this case, the timing information of the two signals is used to determine which problem should be handled first. Generally speaking, the impact of reverse overload on the entire power system is more extensive and serious. Therefore, when the two signals appear at the same time, the reverse overload management strategy is implemented first. Reduce the overall power output of the photovoltaic inverter group to reduce the load on the distribution transformer, and then adjust the voltage. If the system detects that the reverse overload trigger signal appears before the voltage overlimit trigger signal, that is, t L <t V , indicating that the load problem of the distribution transformer is more urgent, the reverse heavy overload control strategy will be implemented first, and the overvoltage control strategy will be implemented after the load problem is alleviated. This ensures that the voltage overlimit problem is further dealt with after the most urgent problem is solved, avoiding the deterioration of the load situation due to the priority of dealing with the voltage problem. On the contrary, when the voltage overlimit trigger signal appears before the reverse heavy overload trigger signal, that is, t V <t L , although the voltage overload problem occurs earlier, the system will still set the reverse overload governance strategy as the priority execution strategy. Because the reverse overload problem may have a more serious impact on the power supply system of the entire substation, prioritizing this problem can ensure the overall stability of the power system. In this case, the system will temporarily put voltage regulation on hold until the load problem is under control, and then return to deal with the voltage problem.

[0114] The method of step S3 is specifically as follows: when the system executes the overvoltage control strategy, the voltage level of a single inverter is monitored in real time to obtain the current voltage value; by comparing the current voltage value with the preset first threshold of the rated voltage, a voltage difference value reflecting the deviation between the current voltage level and the safety range is calculated; according to the voltage difference value, a negative feedback calculation is performed on the active power of the single inverter to determine the amount of power to be reduced; and the power reduction amount is converted into a corresponding power reduction instruction and sent to the target inverter to ensure that the output power of the inverter is reduced to a safe range to effectively control the overvoltage problem;

[0115] When the system executes the reverse heavy overload management strategy, the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer is calculated in real time to obtain the current load rate value; the current load rate value is compared with the preset second threshold value to determine the excess ratio that exceeds the safety range; the excess ratio reflects the deviation between the current load rate and the normal load rate; according to the excess ratio, the total power reduction required by the inverters in the entire area is calculated to reduce the load of the distribution transformer to a safe level. The total power reduction amount is distributed in equal proportion to determine the power reduction amount required for each inverter; the power reduction amount of each inverter is converted into a corresponding power reduction instruction and sent in batches to the inverters in the entire area to achieve load management of the entire area and prevent system instability due to overload.

[0116] In step S3, when the system executes the overvoltage control strategy, the voltage level of a single inverter is monitored in real time; the current voltage value is collected by the voltage sensor installed on the inverter, and the voltage value is set to V 当前 ; V 当前 Represents the actual output voltage of the inverter at a certain moment. In order to determine whether the voltage exceeds the safety range, V 当前 With the preset rated voltage V 额定 Compare; set an allowable voltage fluctuation range, namely the first threshold T V Used to evaluate whether the voltage exceeds the limit; the comparison process is achieved by calculating the voltage difference. The calculation formula for the voltage difference ΔV is as follows:

[0117] ΔV=V 当前 -V 额定 -T V ;

[0118] Among them, ΔV reflects the difference between the current voltage value and the rated voltage plus the preset first threshold; when ΔV is positive and greater than zero, it means that the voltage has exceeded the safety threshold, and measures need to be taken to reduce the output power of the inverter to control the voltage within a reasonable range; negative feedback calculation is performed on the active power of a single inverter; the negative feedback calculation is performed based on ΔV, assuming that the current active power of the inverter is P 当前 , the system calculates the amount of power to be cut ΔP based on ΔV and a preset feedback coefficient k, the formula is as follows:

[0119] ΔP=k·ΔV;

[0120] Where k is the feedback factor, which is used to control the sensitivity of voltage changes to power regulation. After obtaining ΔP, the system compares it with P 当前Subtract the two values ​​to calculate the new active power setting value, and convert the power reduction amount ΔP into the corresponding power reduction instruction; send the instruction to the target inverter through the communication network to ensure that it adjusts the output power and reduces the voltage to a safe range; when the system executes the reverse overload management strategy, manage the load of the entire substation and calculate the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer in real time; suppose the real-time power of the current transformer is P 实时 , rated power is P 额定 ; Reverse load rate R L The calculation formula is as follows:

[0121]

[0122] R L Represents the ratio of the current load to the rated load; R L and the preset second threshold T L For comparison, the calculation formula for the excess ratio ΔR is:

[0123] ΔR=R L -T L ;

[0124] When ΔR>0, it indicates that the load exceeds the safety range and the total power output of the photovoltaic inverter group needs to be reduced. Based on ΔRR, the total power reduction ΔP of the inverters in the entire station area is calculated. 总 , the specific formula is as follows:

[0125] ΔP 总 =k L ·ΔR·P 额定 ;

[0126] Among them, k L is the load regulation factor. The total power reduction amount ΔP 总 Inverter power reduction ΔP i , the allocation formula is:

[0127]

[0128] Where N is the number of PV inverters in the area. The reduction amount is converted into power reduction instructions and sent in batches to the inverters in the entire area to ensure that the overall load is reduced to a safe range.

[0129] The method of step S4 is specifically as follows: sending a power reduction instruction to the target photovoltaic inverter through a communication network, and waiting for the target inverter to return an execution confirmation signal to ensure that the instruction has been successfully issued and started to be executed; measuring the output power of the photovoltaic inverter after executing the power reduction instruction to obtain the actual reduced power value; in order to ensure that the regulation effect meets expectations, comparing the actual reduced power value with the target reduction power set in the instruction, and calculating the power regulation deviation;

[0130] If there is a significant difference between the actual power reduction and the target value, it means that the inverter has not been able to fully execute the instructions, or there are other influencing factors that require further adjustment; under the overvoltage control strategy, the adjusted user voltage level is measured to obtain a new voltage value; the new voltage value is compared with the preset first threshold to determine whether the adjusted voltage has returned to the normal range, and the voltage regulation result is obtained;

[0131] If the voltage still exceeds the preset threshold, the inverter output power needs to be adjusted until the voltage reaches the expected level;

[0132] Under the reverse heavy overload management strategy, the reverse load rate of the adjusted distribution transformer is recalculated to obtain a new load rate value. The new load rate value is compared with the preset second threshold value to determine whether the load adjustment is successful and obtain the load rate adjustment result;

[0133] If the load rate still exceeds the safe range, the system needs to further reduce the output power of the photovoltaic inverter to reduce the load on the distribution transformer;

[0134] The power regulation deviation, voltage regulation result or load rate regulation result are comprehensively analyzed to generate a final regulation effect determination result; the determination result is used to determine whether the regulation process is completed or whether further adjustment is required.

[0135] The specific operations of step S4 are:

[0136] A determination result of the regulation effect is generated according to the power regulation deviation, the voltage regulation result or the load factor regulation result.

[0137] Specifically, when the system issues a power reduction instruction, the instruction is transmitted to the target PV inverter through a reliable communication network, using a dedicated communication protocol such as Modbus or IEC 61850 to ensure that the instruction can reach the destination without distortion or delay.

[0138] Assume that the system instruction is to reduce the output power P of a photovoltaic inverter 削减目标 5 kilowatts (kW). After the command is sent to the inverter, the inverter immediately performs the power adjustment operation and returns an execution confirmation signal through the communication network after the execution is completed. The inverter output power after executing the power reduction command is measured in real time to verify the adjustment effect. The actual output power P of the inverter is obtained through the built-in or external power sensor. 实际 By calculating the actual power reduction value P 削减实际 , the formula is as follows:

[0139] P 削减实际 =P原始 -P 实际 ;

[0140] Among them, P 原始 It refers to the original power before the power reduction instruction is executed, P 实际 Is the actual output power after executing the instruction. Compare the actual power reduction value with the target power reduction value in the instruction to obtain the power regulation deviation ΔP:

[0141] ΔP=P 削减目标 -P 削减实际 ;

[0142] If ΔP is close to zero, it means that the power regulation is accurate; if the deviation is large, it means that the actual reduction effect is not in line with expectations, and further adjustment or inspection of the inverter performance may be required. When the system implements the overvoltage management strategy, the purpose of power reduction is to reduce the voltage level at the user end. After the power reduction, the adjusted user voltage level is measured to obtain the new voltage value V 新 . V 新 and the preset first threshold T V Compare to determine whether the voltage has returned to a safe range. Voltage regulation result ΔV 结果 The calculation results are as follows:

[0143] ΔV 结果 =V 新 -T V ;

[0144] If ΔV 结果 If it is less than or equal to zero, it means that the voltage has returned to normal; otherwise, it is necessary to further reduce power or take other measures to stabilize the voltage. When the system implements the reverse heavy overload management strategy, the purpose of power reduction is to reduce the load rate of the distribution transformer. After the power reduction, the adjusted distribution transformer reverse load rate is calculated to obtain the new load rate value R L . R L and the preset second threshold T L Compare to determine whether the load factor has dropped to a safe range. Load factor adjustment result ΔR 结果 The calculation of is as follows:

[0145] ΔR 结果 =R L -T L ;

[0146] If ΔR 结果If the value is less than or equal to zero, it indicates that the load has dropped to a safe range; otherwise, the system may need to further adjust the inverter power output until the load rate returns to normal. The final adjustment effect determination result is generated through a comprehensive analysis of the power adjustment deviation, voltage adjustment result, and load rate adjustment result. If all results show that the system parameters have returned to a safe range, the adjustment operation is confirmed to be successful, otherwise it will trigger a further adjustment cycle or issue an alarm.

[0147] The specific method of step S5 is: analyzing the judgment result to determine whether the detected abnormality has been resolved; if the analysis result shows that the abnormality has not been resolved, then calculating the remaining adjustable power of the photovoltaic inverter to obtain the currently available adjustment amount, and determining whether there is room for further adjustment, so as to make appropriate adjustment decisions; the analysis process is executed in a loop, specifically: comparing the available adjustment amount with the preset minimum adjustment step to obtain a judgment result on whether the adjustment can continue; if the available adjustment amount is sufficient and the adjustment can continue, the system re-executes the dynamic adjustment calculation step, generates a new power reduction instruction, and sends it to the photovoltaic inverter to try to solve the abnormal problem: if the system determines that the adjustment cannot continue, that is, the available adjustment amount is not enough to meet the minimum adjustment step requirement, then checking the current output power of the photovoltaic inverter to determine whether it has dropped to zero; if the output power has not dropped to zero, it means that the inverter is still providing power output, and at this time, the power reduction instruction is set to full restriction to ensure that the inverter stops supplying power, and a final power limit instruction is generated to deal with the persistent abnormal situation;

[0148] If the output power has dropped to zero and the abnormality is still not resolved, it indicates that the abnormality cannot be handled by power regulation. In this case, the zero power output state is maintained, the special situation is recorded and the corresponding processing result is generated; at the same time, the number of cycles is accumulated and compared with the preset cycle upper limit;

[0149] If the number of cycles reaches the upper limit, it means that the adjustment process has been tried many times but still cannot completely solve the problem. At this time, the system will terminate the cycle and obtain the final stable state or complete power limit state. Through the loop control method, the system can continuously try to optimize the adjustment strategy when the abnormal problem is not solved, and ultimately ensure that the photovoltaic system can achieve the most stable operating state or completely limit the output power when necessary after the maximum adjustment, thereby ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power grid.

[0150] The number of cycles is accumulated and compared with the upper limit, and the cycle is terminated when the preset upper limit is reached to obtain the final stable state or power fully limited state.

[0151] The specific operations of step S5 are:

[0152] Specifically, the judgment result is analyzed to determine whether the abnormal situation has been resolved. The judgment result is usually based on a comprehensive analysis of multiple factors, including power regulation deviation, voltage regulation result, and load rate regulation result. If it is determined that the abnormality has been resolved, the system enters a stable state. However, if the analysis result shows that the abnormality has not been resolved, the system needs to proceed to the next step for further power regulation. When the abnormality is not resolved, the remaining adjustable power of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated to determine whether there is room for further adjustment. Set the actual output power of the current inverter to P 当前 , its maximum output power is P 最大 , remaining adjustable power P 剩余 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0153] P 剩余 =P 当前 -P 最小 ;

[0154] Among them, P 最小 is the minimum output power of the inverter (usually zero or close to zero). 剩余 represents the amount of power that the inverter can further reduce under the current state. 剩余 With the preset minimum adjustment step ΔP 最小 The preset minimum adjustment step is to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of each power adjustment and avoid the adjustment effect being unclear due to too small an adjustment amount. 剩余 Greater than or equal to ΔP 最小 , indicating that there is room for further adjustment, the system will re-execute the dynamic adjustment calculation steps and generate new power reduction instructions based on the current abnormal situation. The real-time voltage, load rate and other parameters are re-measured and calculated to ensure that the newly generated power reduction instructions can more effectively solve the abnormal problem. The new reduction instruction will be sent to the photovoltaic inverter through the communication network, and the inverter will adjust its output power according to the instruction. However, if P 剩余 Less than ΔP 最小 , indicating that the inverter has insufficient adjustable space and cannot be further adjusted effectively. In this case, check the current output power to determine whether it has dropped to zero. If the inverter output power P 当前It is still greater than zero, indicating that the inverter is still outputting power despite the limited adjustment space. At this time, the system sets the power reduction instruction to full restriction, that is, the output power of the inverter is forced to zero. The purpose of the full restriction instruction is to directly cut off the power output to eliminate the abnormality when the problem cannot be solved by conventional adjustment. When the output power of the inverter has dropped to zero and the abnormality is still not resolved, this situation usually means that the abnormal problem may be caused by deeper system failures or external factors, rather than problems with the PV inverter itself. In this case, the system will maintain the zero power output state and generate a record of the processing results of the special situation. This record will be helpful for subsequent fault analysis and system maintenance. At the same time, the number of adjustment cycles is accumulated, and the cycle count N is increased every time an adjustment cycle is completed. 循环 A predetermined upper limit of cycles is set. Once the number of cycles reaches or exceeds this upper limit, the system will terminate the adjustment process and enter the final state, that is, the stable state or the fully restricted state. The stable state means that the system has successfully resolved the anomaly through multiple adjustments, while the fully restricted state indicates that the system can no longer be restored to normal operation through further adjustments, and other measures must be taken or external intervention must be waited for.

[0155] The specific method of step S6 is: record the completion time of the last adjustment to obtain the starting time point of the adjustment; at this time, start the internal timer, accumulate the elapsed time from the starting time point of the adjustment, and update the current accumulated time in real time; as time goes by, compare the current accumulated time with the preset third threshold to determine whether the conditions for lifting the power restriction are met; when the comparison result shows that the current accumulated time has reached or exceeded the preset third threshold, detect the current system status to determine whether the abnormal situation occurs again; if the test result shows that the abnormality does not occur again, this indicates that the system has returned to a stable state and the previous power restriction can be considered to be lifted. At this time, the system generates a corresponding release instruction according to the previously executed regulation type; if the previous regulation type is overvoltage management, the system generates a power limit release instruction for a single inverter to restore the normal power output of the inverter; if the regulation type is reverse heavy overload management, a power limit release instruction for the inverters in the entire area will be generated to release the power limit of the entire area and restore all inverters to normal operation; the generated power limit release instruction is sent to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter through the communication network to ensure that the instruction is successfully transmitted and executed, and a release confirmation signal is received from the inverter to confirm the completion of the power limit release operation;

[0156] In order to ensure the stable operation of the system after the power restriction is lifted, the system parameters after the power restriction is lifted are monitored and the system status data after the power restriction is lifted is collected to reflect whether the system can maintain a normal operating state after the power restriction is lifted, or whether further adjustments are needed;

[0157] All released system status data are stored and analyzed to generate complete record data of the adjustment process. Through the analysis of these data, effective experience in the adjustment process is summarized to provide reference for future adjustment strategies, thereby further improving the system's adjustment capability and operating efficiency;

[0158] The specific operations are:

[0159] When the system completes a power adjustment, the completion time of the adjustment is recorded; the adjustment completion time is set as t 完成 , represents the time point when the last power adjustment ends; save this time point as the adjustment start time point t 起始 , and use this as a reference to start the internal timer to accumulate the elapsed time. After starting the timer, 起始 To the current time t 当前 The accumulated time between is measured to obtain the current accumulated time Δt, the formula is as follows:

[0160] Δt=t 当前 -t 起始 ;

[0161] The accumulated time Δt represents the time interval from the completion of the adjustment to the current moment, and is an important parameter for determining whether the release condition has been met. t For comparison, T t It is the time threshold set according to the system safety operation requirements, which is used to determine whether the power limit can be lifted; T t Set to a sufficiently long time to ensure that the system has a sufficient stabilization period after the abnormality is resolved; if Δt is greater than or equal to T t , it is considered that the release condition has been met and the current system state can be detected; when the release condition is met, the current state is detected to confirm whether the abnormal situation recurs. By re-measuring key parameters such as voltage and load rate, it is determined whether the effect of the adjustment is sustained; if the test results show that the abnormality does not recur, that is, the system state returns to normal, and the corresponding release instruction is generated according to the previously executed adjustment type;

[0162] If the previous regulation type is overvoltage control, the main abnormal problem is that the voltage is too high due to a certain PV inverter. At this time, the system generates a power limit release instruction for the single inverter to restore its normal power output;

[0163] If the previous regulation type is reverse heavy overload management, the system will generate a power limit release instruction for all inverters in the entire area to release the power limit of the entire area and restore normal output of all photovoltaic inverters;

[0164] After the release command is generated, it is sent to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter through the communication network, and waits for the return of the release confirmation signal; the confirmation signal indicates that the command has been successfully transmitted, and that the inverter has released the power limit as required and restored normal output; in order to ensure that the system can operate stably after the release, the system parameters after the power limit is released are monitored; the voltage, load rate and other parameters are re-measured to obtain the system status data after the release. Through these data, the operating effect after the power limit is released is judged to ensure that the system returns to normal and no abnormal situation occurs again; all the system status data after the release are stored and analyzed to generate complete adjustment process record data, including all steps from initial adjustment to power limit release, and the system status changes at each key moment.

[0165] The photovoltaic regulation device includes:

[0166] The acquisition module is used to monitor the voltage level of users in the substation area and the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer in real time, and obtain the trigger signal of voltage over-limit and reverse heavy overload;

[0167] A judgment module, used to judge the priority of the adjustment strategy according to the trigger signal, and obtain the execution order of overvoltage control or reverse heavy overload control;

[0168] The calculation module is used to dynamically adjust and calculate the active power of the photovoltaic inverter to obtain the power reduction instruction, where the overvoltage control is for a single inverter and the reverse heavy overload control is for the inverters in the entire area;

[0169] A measuring module, used for executing the power reduction instruction, and measuring and comparing the adjusted system parameters to obtain a determination result;

[0170] A control module, used for cyclically controlling the adjustment process according to the determination result to obtain a final stable state or a power-completely limited state;

[0171] A comparison module is used to time the last adjustment time and compare the threshold value to obtain a power limit release instruction, wherein overvoltage control releases the limit of a single inverter, and reverse heavy overload control releases the limit of the entire station area;

[0172] The photovoltaic regulation device includes a computer device, which includes: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions; the at least one processor calls the instructions in the memory so that the computer device executes the above-mentioned photovoltaic regulation method.

[0173] The storage medium of the photovoltaic regulation device is a computer-readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored. When the instructions are run on a computer, the photovoltaic regulation method is executed by the computer.

[0174] Through the cooperation of the above components, by real-time monitoring of the voltage level of users in the substation area and the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer, the voltage overlimit and reverse overload problems can be accurately identified, and the corresponding trigger signal can be generated according to the preset threshold. This precise problem identification mechanism helps to avoid unnecessary adjustments and improve the operating efficiency of the system. It can prioritize different types of abnormal situations, especially when voltage overlimit and reverse overload occur at the same time, the reverse overload problem is handled first. This intelligent decision-making mechanism ensures the timely handling of the most urgent problems and improves the effectiveness of regulation. Different regulation strategies are adopted for overvoltage and reverse overload problems. Overvoltage problems are regulated for a single inverter, while reverse overload problems are regulated for inverters in the entire substation area. This differentiated processing method not only ensures the accuracy of regulation, but also takes into account the overall balance of the system. By measuring the adjusted system parameters in real time and comparing them with the target values, dynamic feedback regulation is achieved. This closed-loop control mechanism can continuously optimize the regulation effect and adapt to the dynamic changes of the system. According to the judgment results, loop control is performed, and the minimum adjustment step and the upper limit of the number of cycles are set, which not only ensures the fineness of regulation, but also avoids the risk of infinite loops. At the same time, there is a corresponding processing mechanism for special cases (such as the problem cannot be solved even if the power is reduced to zero), which improves the robustness of the method. By timing the last adjustment time and comparing it with the threshold, the power limit is automatically released. This mechanism not only avoids unnecessary power restrictions for a long time, but also ensures the stability of the system after the limit is released through state detection.

[0175] The present invention also provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the photovoltaic regulation method in the above embodiments.

[0176] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium. Instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the steps of the photovoltaic regulation method.

[0177] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, systems and units can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0178] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0179] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium, characterized in that: The photovoltaic regulation method comprises the following steps; Step S1, real-time monitoring of the user voltage level and the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer in the distribution station area to obtain trigger signals of voltage over-limit and reverse heavy overload; Step S2: according to the trigger signal, the priority of the regulation strategy is judged to obtain the execution order of overvoltage control or reverse heavy overload control; Step S3, dynamically adjust and calculate the active power of the photovoltaic inverter to obtain a power reduction instruction, wherein the overvoltage control is for a single inverter, and the reverse heavy overload control is for the inverters in the entire station area; Step S4, executing the power reduction instruction, and measuring and comparing the adjusted system parameters to obtain a determination result; Step S5: According to the determination result, the adjustment process is cyclically controlled to obtain a final stable state or a power-completely limited state; Step S6: timing the last adjustment time and comparing it with the threshold value to obtain a power limit release instruction, wherein overvoltage control releases the limit of a single inverter, and reverse heavy overload control releases the limit of the entire station area.

2. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of step S1 is specifically as follows: by collecting the real-time voltage of the users in the substation area, obtaining the current voltage data, and then calculating the ratio of the real-time voltage data to the rated voltage to obtain the voltage ratio data that can timely reflect whether the voltage is within the normal range; Compare the voltage ratio data with a preset first threshold value. If the voltage ratio exceeds the preset first threshold value, it indicates that the voltage has exceeded the limit. At this time, a voltage exceeding limit trigger signal is generated to prompt that corresponding adjustment is required; In step S1, the real-time power of the distribution transformer is collected to obtain current power data, and then the reverse load rate is calculated based on these data to obtain reverse load rate data; In step S1, the load condition of the distribution transformer is monitored to identify whether there is a reverse heavy overload situation; the reverse load rate data is compared with a preset second threshold value. If the reverse load rate exceeds the preset second threshold value, it means that the distribution transformer is in a reverse heavy overload state. At this time, a reverse heavy overload trigger signal is generated, indicating that the system needs to be adjusted.

3. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 2, characterized in that: A large-scale ground photovoltaic power station is provided in the distribution substation area. The photovoltaic power station is connected to the substation area distribution network through a dedicated line. The proportion of photovoltaic power in the substation area's electricity consumption is the photovoltaic penetration rate. The adjustment method controls the photovoltaic penetration rate according to the specific conditions of the substation area, and ensures the stability and reliability of the substation area system by controlling the proportion of photovoltaic power within 30%.

4. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 2, characterized in that: By installing voltage sensors at the voltage monitoring points in the substation area, the real-time voltage data of each user is obtained; the real-time voltage of the substation area users is set as V 实时 , and the rated voltage of the stage is V 额定 , calculate the ratio of the collected real-time voltage to the rated voltage, the calculation formula is as follows: Among them, R V It is the voltage ratio data, which is used to measure the deviation between the current voltage and the rated voltage. Through this calculation, the real-time voltage data of different users are standardized to facilitate unified comparison. The voltage ratio R V and the preset first threshold T V For comparison; T V It is set according to the grid design requirements and safety standards. V Exceeding this threshold T V When the voltage level of the user exceeds the allowable range, it means that the user's voltage level exceeds the allowable range, which may cause damage to electrical equipment or other safety problems. In this case, a voltage overlimit trigger signal is generated to notify relevant equipment or management personnel to take measures to adjust the output power of the photovoltaic inverter or perform other power regulation operations to restore the voltage to a safe range. At the same time, the real-time power of the distribution transformer is collected and its reverse load rate is calculated. Assume that the real-time power of the distribution transformer is P 实时 , the rated power of the transformer is P 额定 ; The calculation formula of reverse load rate is as follows: Among them, R L Represents the ratio of the current distribution transformer load rate, which is used to evaluate whether the transformer is in an overload state or a reverse overload state. Similar to voltage monitoring, the reverse load rate R L and the preset second threshold T L Compare; the second threshold T L It is set according to the design capacity of the transformer and the safety of power grid operation. L More than T L When the load on the transformer exceeds the safety range, the system generates a reverse overload trigger signal, indicating that the photovoltaic inverter group or other loads need to be adjusted to reduce the transformer load rate and avoid equipment damage or power outages caused by overload.

5. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of step S2 is specifically as follows: performing simultaneity analysis on the voltage over-limit trigger signal and the reverse heavy overload trigger signal to obtain the occurrence timing information of the two abnormal states; by analyzing the timing information, determining which abnormal state occurs first, and providing a basis for determining the priority of the adjustment strategy; When the system detects only the voltage over-limit trigger signal, it means that the current main problem is that the voltage level exceeds the normal range. The overvoltage control strategy is set as the only execution strategy to adjust the active power of the photovoltaic inverter in time to avoid the impact on the power grid and equipment due to the voltage over-limit. Similarly, if only the reverse heavy overload trigger signal is detected, it is judged that the current main problem is the reverse heavy overload of the distribution transformer. The reverse heavy overload control strategy is set as the only execution strategy to ensure that the load rate is restored to a safe range to prevent the system from having more serious overload problems. If the voltage over-limit trigger signal and the reverse heavy overload trigger signal are detected at the same time, the order of occurrence of the signals is analyzed. When the two signals appear at the same time, it is considered that the reverse heavy overload has a more urgent impact on the system. Therefore, the reverse heavy overload control strategy is set as the priority execution strategy to quickly respond to the load problem, and then adjust the overvoltage control. If the timing analysis shows that the reverse heavy overload trigger signal appears before the voltage overlimit trigger signal, the reverse heavy overload control strategy and the overvoltage control strategy are executed in sequence to ensure that the more urgent load problem is solved first, and then the voltage problem is adjusted; If reverse overload management involves inverter adjustment in the entire substation, the complexity and importance of the processing are higher than the overvoltage management of a single inverter. In this case, even if the voltage overlimit trigger signal appears before the reverse overload trigger signal, the reverse overload management strategy will still be set as the priority execution strategy, giving priority to reverse overload to ensure the overall stability of the system.

6. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of step S3 is specifically as follows: when the system executes the overvoltage control strategy, the voltage level of a single inverter is monitored in real time to obtain the current voltage value; by comparing the current voltage value with the preset first threshold of the rated voltage, a voltage difference value reflecting the deviation between the current voltage level and the safety range is calculated; according to the voltage difference value, a negative feedback calculation is performed on the active power of the single inverter to determine the amount of power to be reduced; and the power reduction amount is converted into a corresponding power reduction instruction and sent to the target inverter to ensure that the output power of the inverter is reduced to a safe range to effectively control the overvoltage problem; When the system executes the reverse heavy overload management strategy, the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer is calculated in real time to obtain the current load rate value; By comparing the current load rate value with a preset second threshold value, determining an excess ratio beyond a safety range; The excess ratio reflects the deviation between the current load rate and the normal load rate; According to the excess ratio, the total power reduction required by the inverters in the entire area is calculated to reduce the load of the distribution transformer to a safe level. The total power reduction is distributed in equal proportion to determine the power reduction required for each inverter; the power reduction of each inverter is converted into a corresponding power reduction instruction and sent in batches to the inverters in the entire area to achieve load management of the entire area and prevent system instability caused by overload.

7. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, when the system executes the overvoltage control strategy, the voltage level of a single inverter is monitored in real time; the current voltage value is collected by the voltage sensor installed on the inverter, and the voltage value is set to V 当前 ; V 当前 Represents the actual output voltage of the inverter at a certain moment. In order to determine whether the voltage exceeds the safety range, V 当前 With the preset rated voltage V 额定 Compare; set an allowable voltage fluctuation range, namely the first threshold T V Used to evaluate whether the voltage exceeds the limit; the comparison process is achieved by calculating the voltage difference. The calculation formula for the voltage difference ΔV is as follows: ΔV=V 当前 -V 额定 -T V ; Among them, ΔV reflects the difference between the current voltage value and the rated voltage plus the preset first threshold; when ΔV is positive and greater than zero, it means that the voltage has exceeded the safety threshold, and measures need to be taken to reduce the output power of the inverter to control the voltage within a reasonable range; negative feedback calculation is performed on the active power of a single inverter; the negative feedback calculation is performed based on ΔV, assuming that the current active power of the inverter is P 当前 , the system calculates the amount of power to be cut ΔP based on ΔV and a preset feedback coefficient k, the formula is as follows: ΔP=k·ΔV; Where k is the feedback factor, which is used to control the sensitivity of voltage changes to power regulation. After obtaining ΔP, the system compares it with P 当前 Subtract the two values ​​to calculate the new active power setting value, and convert the power reduction amount ΔP into the corresponding power reduction instruction; send the instruction to the target inverter through the communication network to ensure that it adjusts the output power and reduces the voltage to a safe range; when the system executes the reverse overload management strategy, manage the load of the entire substation and calculate the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer in real time; suppose the real-time power of the current transformer is P 实时 , rated power is P 额定 ; Reverse load rate R L The calculation formula is as follows: R L Represents the ratio of the current load to the rated load; R L and the preset second threshold T L For comparison, the calculation formula for the excess ratio ΔR is: ΔR=R L -T L ; When ΔR>0, it indicates that the load exceeds the safety range and the total power output of the photovoltaic inverter group needs to be reduced. Based on ΔR, the total power reduction ΔP of the inverters in the entire station area is calculated. 总 , the specific formula is as follows: ΔP 总 =k L ·ΔR·P 额定 ; Among them, k L is the load regulation factor. The total power reduction amount ΔP 总 Inverter power reduction ΔP i , the allocation formula is: Where N is the number of PV inverters in the substation. The reduction amount is converted into power reduction instructions and sent in batches to the inverters in the entire substation to ensure that the overall load is reduced to a safe range.

8. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of step S4 is specifically as follows: sending a power reduction instruction to the target photovoltaic inverter through a communication network, and waiting for the target inverter to return an execution confirmation signal to ensure that the instruction has been successfully issued and started to be executed; measuring the output power of the photovoltaic inverter after executing the power reduction instruction to obtain the actual reduced power value; in order to ensure that the regulation effect meets expectations, comparing the actual reduced power value with the target reduction power set in the instruction, and calculating the power regulation deviation; If there is a significant difference between the actual power reduction and the target value, it means that the inverter has not fully executed according to the instructions, or there are other influencing factors that need further adjustment. Under the overvoltage control strategy, the adjusted user voltage level is measured to obtain a new voltage value. Compare the new voltage value with a preset first threshold value to determine whether the adjusted voltage is restored to a normal range, and obtain a voltage adjustment result; If the voltage still exceeds the preset threshold, the inverter output power needs to be adjusted until the voltage reaches the expected level; Under the reverse heavy overload management strategy, the reverse load rate of the adjusted distribution transformer is recalculated to obtain a new load rate value. The new load rate value is compared with the preset second threshold value to determine whether the load adjustment is successful and obtain the load rate adjustment result; If the load rate still exceeds the safe range, the system needs to further reduce the output power of the photovoltaic inverter to reduce the load on the distribution transformer; Comprehensively analyzing the power regulation deviation, voltage regulation result or load rate regulation result to generate a final regulation effect determination result; using the determination result to determine whether the regulation process is completed or whether further adjustment is required; The specific method of step S5 is: analyzing the determination result to determine whether the detected anomaly has been resolved; If the analysis results show that the abnormality has not been resolved, the remaining adjustable power of the photovoltaic inverter is calculated to obtain the currently available adjustment amount and determine whether there is room for further adjustment so as to make appropriate adjustment decisions. The analysis process is executed in a loop, specifically: Compare the available adjustment amount with the preset minimum adjustment step to determine whether the adjustment can continue; if the available adjustment amount is sufficient and the adjustment can continue, the system re-executes the dynamic adjustment calculation steps, generates a new power reduction instruction, and sends it to the photovoltaic inverter to try to solve the abnormal problem; if the system determines that the adjustment cannot continue, that is, the available adjustment amount is not enough to meet the minimum adjustment step requirement, then check the current output power of the photovoltaic inverter to determine whether it has dropped to zero; If the output power has not yet dropped to zero, it means that the inverter is still providing power output. At this time, the power reduction command is set to full limit to ensure that the inverter stops supplying power and a final power limit command is generated to deal with the persistent abnormal situation; If the output power has dropped to zero and the abnormality is still not resolved, it indicates that the abnormality cannot be handled by power regulation. In this case, the zero power output state is maintained, the special situation is recorded and the corresponding processing result is generated; at the same time, the number of cycles is accumulated and compared with the preset cycle upper limit; If the number of cycles reaches the upper limit, it means that the adjustment process has made multiple attempts but still failed to completely solve the problem. At this time, the system will terminate the cycle and obtain the final stable state or full power limit state; Through the cyclic control method, the system can continuously try to optimize the adjustment strategy when abnormal problems are not resolved, and ultimately ensure that the photovoltaic system can achieve the most stable operating state after maximum adjustment or completely limit the output power when necessary, thereby ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power grid.

9. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of step S6 is: record the completion time of the last adjustment to obtain the adjustment start time point; at this time, start the internal timer to accumulate the elapsed time from the adjustment start time point, and update the current accumulated time in real time; As time goes by, the current accumulated time is compared with a preset third threshold to determine whether a condition for lifting the power restriction is met; When the comparison result shows that the current accumulated time has reached or exceeded the preset third threshold, the current system state is detected to determine whether the abnormal situation occurs again; if the detection result shows that the abnormality does not occur again, it indicates that the system has returned to a stable state, and the previous power limit can be considered to be lifted. At this time, the system generates a corresponding release instruction according to the previously executed adjustment type; if the previous adjustment type is overvoltage management, the system generates a power limit release instruction for a single inverter to restore the normal power output of the inverter; and if the adjustment type is reverse heavy overload management, a power limit release instruction will be generated for the inverters in the entire substation area to release the power limit of the entire substation and restore all inverters to normal operation; the generated power limit release instruction is sent to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter through the communication network to ensure that the instruction is successfully transmitted and executed, and a release confirmation signal is received from the inverter to confirm the completion of the power limit release operation; In order to ensure the stable operation of the system after the power restriction is lifted, the system parameters after the power restriction is lifted are monitored and the system status data after the power restriction is lifted is collected to reflect whether the system can maintain a normal operating state after the power restriction is lifted, or whether further adjustments are needed; All released system status data are stored and analyzed to generate complete record data of the adjustment process. Through the analysis of these data, effective experience in the adjustment process is summarized to provide reference for future adjustment strategies, thereby further improving the system's adjustment capability and operating efficiency; The specific operations are: When the system completes a power adjustment, the completion time of the adjustment is recorded; Set the adjustment completion time to t 完成 , represents the time point when the last power adjustment ends; save this time point as the adjustment start time point t 起始 , and use this as a reference to start the internal timer to accumulate the elapsed time. After starting the timer, 起始 To the current time t 当前 The accumulated time between is measured to obtain the current accumulated time Δt, the formula is as follows: Δt=t 当前 -t 起始 ; The accumulated time Δt represents the time interval from the completion of the adjustment to the current moment, and is an important parameter for determining whether the release condition has been met. t For comparison, T t It is the time threshold set according to the system safety operation requirements, which is used to determine whether the power limit can be lifted; T t Set to a sufficiently long time to ensure that the system has a sufficient stabilization period after the abnormality is resolved; if Δt is greater than or equal to T t , it is considered that the release condition has been met and the current system status can be detected; when the release condition is met, the current status is detected to confirm whether the abnormal situation occurs again. By re-measuring key parameters such as voltage and load rate, it is determined whether the effect of the adjustment is sustained; If the detection result shows that the abnormality does not reappear, that is, the system status returns to normal, a corresponding release instruction is generated according to the type of adjustment previously performed; If the previous regulation type is overvoltage control, the main abnormal problem is that the voltage is too high due to a certain PV inverter. At this time, the system generates a power limit release instruction for the single inverter to restore its normal power output; If the previous regulation type is reverse heavy overload management, the system will generate a power limit release instruction for all inverters in the entire area to release the power limit of the entire area and restore normal output of all photovoltaic inverters; After the release command is generated, it is sent to the corresponding photovoltaic inverter through the communication network, and waits for the return of the release confirmation signal; the confirmation signal indicates that the command has been successfully transmitted, and that the inverter has released the power limit as required and restored normal output; in order to ensure that the system can operate stably after the release, the system parameters after the power limit is released are monitored; the voltage, load rate and other parameters are re-measured to obtain the system status data after the release. Through these data, the operating effect after the power limit is released is judged to ensure that the system returns to normal and no abnormal situation occurs again; all the system status data after the release are stored and analyzed to generate complete adjustment process record data, including all steps from initial adjustment to power limit release, and the system status changes at each key moment.

10. The photovoltaic regulation method, device, equipment and storage medium according to claim 9, characterized in that: The photovoltaic regulation device includes: an acquisition module for real-time monitoring of the voltage level of users in the substation area and the reverse load rate of the distribution transformer, and obtaining trigger signals of voltage over-limit and reverse heavy overload; A judgment module, used to judge the priority of the adjustment strategy according to the trigger signal, and obtain the execution order of overvoltage control or reverse heavy overload control; The calculation module is used to dynamically adjust and calculate the active power of the photovoltaic inverter to obtain the power reduction instruction, where the overvoltage control is for a single inverter and the reverse heavy overload control is for the inverters in the entire area; A measuring module is used to execute the power reduction instruction, and measure and compare the adjusted system parameters to obtain a determination result; a control module is used to cyclically control the adjustment process according to the determination result to obtain a final stable state or a power complete limiting state; A comparison module is used to time the last adjustment time and compare the threshold value to obtain a power limit release instruction, wherein overvoltage control releases the limit of a single inverter, and reverse heavy overload control releases the limit of the entire station area; The photovoltaic regulation device includes a computer device, which includes: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions; the at least one processor calls the instructions in the memory so that the computer device executes the above-mentioned photovoltaic regulation method. The storage medium of the photovoltaic regulation device is a computer-readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored. When the instructions are run on a computer, the photovoltaic regulation method is executed by the computer.

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