Microwave solar energy coupling thermochemical energy storage reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a microwave and solar energy coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor, which integrates microwave heating and solar energy technologies, and aims to improve the efficiency and safety of a thermochemical cycle hydrogen production process. The reactor mainly comprises a microwave generation and energy distributor component, a microwave waveguide system component and a high-temperature solid solar microwave coupling single-mode cavity component. In the coupling reactor, concentrated solar energy penetrates through a cut-off waveguide and quartz glass in a generator to reach a material, light energy is converted into heat energy, meanwhile, microwave energy input by a solid-state microwave source is spread into the reactor through a three-pin regulator, a microwave power meter and a rectangular-circular conversion waveguide device, and electromagnetic energy is converted into heat energy; and the absorbed heat is used for electrolysis of solid oxides to prepare clean fuel, so that electrolysis of the solid oxides is realized, the temperature required by reaction is reduced, and the electric energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of solar thermal utilization, and specifically relates to a hydrogen production device that combines focused solar energy and microwaves for electrolysis coupling, which is used to promote thermochemical reactions and improve energy conversion efficiency. Background Art

[0002] At present, the thermochemical reaction temperature of traditional high-temperature thermochemical energy storage materials is high, and the cycle stability is difficult to control. New thermochemical energy storage materials based on mixed ion-electron conductors can produce polarization effects under the action of microwaves, thereby greatly reducing the reaction temperature and increasing the reaction speed. As a new heating method, microwaves can significantly reduce the reaction temperature and reaction activation energy, greatly reducing the temperature required for the reaction, and solving the problems of large heat loss in solar thermal cycle methods, difficulty in high-temperature solid heat recovery, and material sintering under high temperature conditions. It has obvious advantages in increasing the reaction rate. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to a microwave solar-coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor, which aims to provide an efficient thermochemical energy storage solution. By combining microwave energy with solar energy, efficient thermochemical reactions can be achieved at relatively low temperatures, and the reactor is particularly suitable for energy conversion processes such as hydrogen production. The microwave power of the present invention is controllable, the frequency is controllable, the temperature can be rapidly raised and lowered, the temperature can be uniformly heated over a wide range, and the temperature can be precisely controlled, etc., which can meet the performance test requirements of different energy storage materials under different conditions. At the same time, the equipment can also be used in coordination with gas path control systems, mass spectrometry, chromatography, etc. to achieve multi-parameter, multi-functional comprehensive testing, and provide comprehensive and accurate data support for the research and development of energy storage materials.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: A microwave solar energy coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor, comprising a microwave generation and energy distributor component, a microwave waveguide system component and a high-temperature solid solar energy microwave coupled single-mode cavity component; The microwave generation and energy distributor component comprises a solid-state microwave source and a circulator, wherein the circulator is arranged in the microwave transmission path of the solid-state microwave source; The microwave waveguide system components include a rectangular-circular conversion waveguide, a curved waveguide, a microwave power meter, a three-pin adapter and a waveguide-coaxial converter connected in sequence, the rectangular-circular conversion waveguide is connected to a microwave reactive single-mode cavity, and the waveguide-coaxial converter is connected to a solid-state microwave source through a radio frequency connector; the rectangular-circular conversion waveguide is used to enhance standing wave matching and reduce microwave reflection, the curved waveguide is used to change the energy transmission direction, the microwave power meter cooperates with the three-pin adapter to optimize the impedance matching of the microwave transmission waveguide by adjusting the capacitive and inductive susceptance parameters, and the waveguide-coaxial converter is used to effectively convert electromagnetic wave transmission between coaxial and waveguide; The high-temperature solid solar microwave-coupled single-mode cavity component includes a cutoff waveguide, a microwave reaction single-mode cavity, a heat absorber and a quartz tube. A solar incident port is arranged at the upper end of the microwave reaction single-mode cavity, and the cutoff waveguide is arranged at the solar incident port. The heat absorber and the quartz tube are arranged in the microwave reaction single-mode cavity and are connected to each other. The heat absorber is placed at the center of the quartz tube in the form of a porous ceramic structure or a powder turntable, and the heat absorber is used to heat the oxide to be electrolyzed circulating in the quartz tube.

[0005] In the above technical solution, the heat absorber is a microwave absorbing material with high thermal conductivity, such as gadolinium-doped cerium oxide material, lanthanum-doped cerium oxide material, neodymium-doped cerium oxide material, cerium oxide-doped zirconia porous structure solid, etc.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the waveguide coaxial converter is an N-type radio frequency connector, and the waveguide interface is an FDP flange of BJ26.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the microwave power meter is directly connected to the three-pin adapter using a flange.

[0008] In the above technical solution, the oxide to be electrolyzed is water vapor.

[0009] Beneficial effects: 1. Efficient energy conversion and storage capabilities; able to achieve thermochemical reactions at lower temperatures; 2. The microwave thermochemical energy storage workstation has the function of transmitting microwaves and reflecting microwaves, and can reflect the changes of materials in real time through the reactance trace output during the reaction process.

[0010] 3. The equipment can measure all S parameters of multi-port devices under test, which is of great significance for improving experimental accuracy and reducing errors, and helps to obtain more reliable and valuable research data.

[0011] 4. Use this equipment to study the chemical thermodynamics and kinetic characteristics of the material to derive the material's heat-charging and heat-releasing properties, and then study the performance of the energy storage material under microwave heating conditions.

[0012] 5. Use the reflection coefficient of the device to measure the change in material conductivity, and use the changes in the frequency range of the device to determine the response of the material during the heating process and the wave absorption characteristics, so as to optimize the microwave thermochemical energy storage process.

[0013] 6. The platform can be combined with solar energy to test the adsorption and desorption characteristics of materials in different atmospheres and under different conditions.

[0014] 7. Capable of conducting reliability assessment of microwave thermochemical energy storage technology and testing the temperature change characteristics of energy storage materials in a microwave environment by measuring power threshold and temperature threshold.

[0015] 8. It can explore the application of microwaves in fields such as chemical catalytic reforming, and use microwaves to prepare new mixed ion-electron conductor materials at lower temperatures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave solar-coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of a microwave solar-coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1 is the solar energy incident port, 2 is the cutoff waveguide, 3 is the microwave reaction single-mode cavity, 4 is the quartz tube, 5 is the absorber, 6 is the rectangular-circular conversion waveguide, 7 is the curved waveguide, 8 is the microwave power meter, 9 is the three-pin adapter, 10 is the circulator, 11 is the radio frequency connector, 12 is the waveguide coaxial converter, 13 is the sun, 14 is the reflector, and 15 is the reactor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] The microwave solar-coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor of the present invention is mainly used for solar thermochemical hydrogen production. Figure 2 As shown, the reactor of the present invention is installed near the focus of the solar mirror field, and the focused sunlight first heats the heat absorber 5 inside the reactor.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, a microwave solar coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor of the present invention mainly includes a microwave generation and energy distributor component, a microwave waveguide system component, and a high-temperature solid solar microwave coupled single-mode cavity component. The microwave waveguide system component and the high-temperature solid solar microwave coupled single-mode cavity component are designed in an integrated manner.

[0021] The microwave generation and energy distributor component is composed of a solid-state microwave source and a circulator 10. The circulator is placed in the microwave transmission path to ensure unidirectional transmission of microwave energy and prevent reflected waves generated by load mismatch from returning to the microwave source, thereby protecting the microwave source and improving system efficiency.

[0022] The microwave waveguide system components are composed of a rectangular-circular conversion waveguide 6, a curved waveguide 7, a microwave power meter 8, a three-pin adapter 9, a radio frequency connector 11 and a waveguide coaxial converter 12 connected in sequence. The waveguide coaxial converter 11 effectively converts electromagnetic wave transmission between coaxial and waveguide. The waveguide coaxial converter 12 is an N-type radio frequency connector, and the waveguide interface is a BJ26 FDP flange. The rectangular-circular conversion waveguide 6 can enhance standing wave matching and reduce microwave reflection. The microwave power meter 8 is directly connected to the three-pin adapter 9 using a flange, and the impedance matching of the microwave transmission waveguide is optimized by adjusting the capacitive and inductive susceptance parameters to ensure that the microwave energy is efficiently coupled to the load, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately controlling the input power.

[0023] The high temperature solid solar microwave coupled single mode cavity component is composed of a cutoff waveguide 2, a microwave reactive single mode cavity 3, a quartz tube 4 and a heat absorber 5. The heat absorber 5 is close to the concentrated solar energy side and is used to absorb the heat generated by the focused solar radiation.

[0024] The specific operation process of this device is as follows: the light from the sun 13 is reflected to the entrance of the reactor 15 through the reflector 14, and the heat absorber 5 is heated. The heat absorbing medium inside the heat absorber 5 is a microwave absorbing material with high thermal conductivity. The microwave is generated at the solid microwave source and the circulator 10, and is transmitted along the cable through the radio frequency connector 11 to the waveguide coaxial converter 12 to convert the electromagnetic wave form, and then enters the three-pin adapter 9 for load admittance matching. The electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the curved waveguide 7 and the rectangular circular conversion waveguide 6 after measuring the incident power and the reflected power through the microwave power meter 8 to enhance the standing wave matching and reduce the microwave reflection, and finally enters the microwave reaction single mode cavity 3 to heat the heat absorber 5 by the microwave action. The heat absorber 5 after absorbing heat is cyclically heated with the water vapor introduced from one side of the quartz tube 4, and electrolyzed with the water vapor at this time.

[0025] A microwave solar coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor described in the present invention uses a solid-state microwave source to generate microwave energy, and distributes energy through a waveguide system with the assistance of a three-pin regulator and a microwave power meter. High-temperature solid solar energy absorbing materials are used to convert solar energy into thermal energy, which is synergistic with microwave energy. The converted thermal energy is combined with microwave energy, and the unique penetration ability of microwaves is used to achieve uniform heating inside the material, avoiding the thermal gradient and unevenness that may occur in traditional external heating methods. As a new heating method, microwave heating has the advantage of being able to directly act on polar molecules and produce rapid molecular vibrations inside the material, thereby accelerating the transfer and distribution of heat. Due to the high efficiency and uniformity of microwave heating, the external heating temperature required for the reaction system can be significantly reduced. At the same time, the enhancement of molecular vibrations also reduces the activation energy of the chemical reaction, making the reaction easier to proceed. The three-pin regulator and the microwave power meter are used to adjust the microwave phase and observe the reaction process inside the cavity, respectively, to further optimize the distribution of microwaves in the cavity and improve the energy transmission efficiency. The microwave reaction cavity is designed as a single-mode cavity to optimize the microwave field distribution and ensure that the reaction material receives energy uniformly at the maximum microwave field intensity. A cutoff waveguide is set to prevent microwave leakage and ensure the safe operation of the equipment under sunlight injection conditions. Energy conversion efficiency: Through the technical solution of this embodiment, efficient thermochemical reactions can be achieved at lower temperatures, thereby improving energy conversion efficiency. The device can realize the use of solar energy and microwaves to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen, which can effectively reduce the temperature required for the reaction and thus reduce the consumption of electrical energy. The use of microwaves can enable materials to complete a variety of reactions at low temperatures. The microwave thermochemical energy storage workstation can perform microwave catalysis, new material preparation, new material performance measurement and other functions under microwave conditions.

[0026] The present invention does not elaborate on some of the common technologies of those skilled in the art. The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made by ordinary technicians in this field to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microwave solar coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor, characterized in that: Including microwave generation and energy distributor components, microwave waveguide system components and high-temperature solid solar microwave coupling single-mode cavity components; The microwave generation and energy distributor component comprises a solid-state microwave source and a circulator, wherein the circulator is arranged in the microwave transmission path of the solid-state microwave source; The microwave waveguide system components include a rectangular-circular conversion waveguide, a curved waveguide, a microwave power meter, a three-pin adapter and a waveguide-coaxial converter connected in sequence, the rectangular-circular conversion waveguide is connected to a microwave reactive single-mode cavity, and the waveguide-coaxial converter is connected to a solid-state microwave source through a radio frequency connector; the rectangular-circular conversion waveguide is used to enhance standing wave matching and reduce microwave reflection, the curved waveguide is used to change the energy transmission direction, the microwave power meter cooperates with the three-pin adapter to optimize the impedance matching of the microwave transmission waveguide by adjusting the capacitive and inductive susceptance parameters, and the waveguide-coaxial converter is used to effectively convert electromagnetic wave transmission between coaxial and waveguide; The high-temperature solid solar microwave-coupled single-mode cavity component comprises a cutoff waveguide, a microwave reaction single-mode cavity, a heat absorber and a quartz tube. A solar incident port is arranged at the upper end of the microwave reaction single-mode cavity, the cutoff waveguide is arranged at the solar incident port, the heat absorber and the quartz tube are arranged in the microwave reaction single-mode cavity and are connected to each other, and the heat absorber is used to heat the oxide to be electrolyzed in the quartz tube.

2. A microwave solar coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat absorber is a microwave absorbing material with high thermal conductivity.

3. A microwave solar coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat absorber is a gadolinium-doped cerium oxide material, a lanthanum-doped cerium oxide material, a neodymium-doped cerium oxide material or a cerium oxide-doped zirconia porous structure solid.

4. The microwave solar coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide coaxial converter is an N-type radio frequency connector, and the waveguide interface is a BJ26 FDP flange.

5. The microwave solar coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave power meter is directly connected to the three-pin adapter using a flange.

6. The microwave solar coupled thermochemical energy storage reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxide to be electrolyzed is water vapor.

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