Profiled fiber and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a profiled fiber as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of textiles. The profiled fiber comprises a flat sheet type fiber, and the profiled fiber is prepared from a high polymer melt with high viscosity. According to the profiled fiber, the cross section shape of the fiber is changed, and the specific surface area of the fiber is greatly increased, so that the profiled fiber has a relatively strong cool feeling effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of textile technology, in particular to a special-shaped fiber and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As people's requirements for clothing comfort continue to increase, fiber materials with a cooling effect have received widespread attention. The cooling fibers currently available on the market, such as Coolmax, are mainly made by changing the cross-sectional shape of the fiber to have a flat cross-section or a caterpillar cross-section. Compared with traditional round cross-sectional fibers, these special-shaped fibers have a greatly increased specific surface area, thereby enhancing the capillary effect, improving the moisture conduction function of the fabric, and making the wearer feel cool and comfortable.

[0003] However, the existing method of increasing the specific surface area by using the fiber cross-sectional shape still has certain limitations. Especially in extremely hot environments, the moisture conduction and heat dissipation effects of existing cooling fibers are still insufficient. Therefore, a new fiber shape design method is urgently needed to further increase the specific surface area and cooling effect of the fiber. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a shaped fiber, which includes a flat sheet fiber and is made of a high-viscosity polymer melt.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a shaped fiber, which includes a flat sheet fiber and is made of a high-viscosity polymer melt.

[0006] The use of high viscosity polymer melt can give the fiber good strength and wear resistance.

[0007] In one embodiment, the shaped fiber includes a plurality of blades, the blades are composed of the flat fiber, the blades are connected to each other at the axis of the shaped fiber, and the blades extend outward from the axis of the shaped fiber to form a radial structure.

[0008] In one embodiment, the shaped fiber includes at least two lobes, and the lobes include at least two flat sheet-type fibers, and the flat sheet-type fibers of a single lobe are connected to each other.

[0009] The design of interconnecting the flat fibers in the above-mentioned single blade not only makes the special-shaped fibers have a larger specific surface area, which can make the fabric have a better cool feeling, but also because the single fibers in the blade are staggered and connected, different special-shaped fibers are not easy to fit together when stacked together, reducing the probability of compression deformation between single fibers and bending of blades and embedding together.

[0010] In one embodiment, the flat sheet-type fiber is in an unfolded state, and the cross-section of the flat sheet-type fiber includes at least one of an arc shape and a straight line shape.

[0011] In one embodiment, the cross-section of the flat sheet fiber includes an arc shape and a straight line shape, and in a single blade, the interconnected connection point is located between the two ends of the arc;

[0012] The flat sheet-type fibers with a "I"-shaped cross section are connected to each other at the axis of the special-shaped fibers, and the flat sheet-type fibers with an arc-shaped cross section extend outward from the axis of the special-shaped fibers.

[0013] In one embodiment, the cross section of the flat sheet fiber includes a straight line shape, and in a single blade, the interconnected connection point is located between the two ends of the straight line shape;

[0014] The cross section of the blade is hammer-shaped, the hammer handle of the hammer is connected to the axis, and the hammer head of the hammer protrudes outwards.

[0015] The invention also provides a method for preparing the special-shaped fiber, which comprises the following steps: using a high-viscosity polymer melt as a raw material, spinning through a spinneret, stretching, and shaping.

[0016] In one embodiment, the spinning conditions include: a spinning temperature of 250-270°C, an extrusion speed of 2500-3800 m / min, and a cooling air temperature of 18-22°C.

[0017] The above spinning conditions can make the cross section of the fiber have a hammerhead shape by minimizing the spinning temperature and the side blowing temperature without generating hairy fibers.

[0018] In one embodiment, the stretching is performed 2-3 times, the stretching ratio is 2-3 times, and the shaping temperature is 160-200°C.

[0019] The invention also provides a cool fabric prepared from the special-shaped fibers.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The invention discloses a special-shaped fiber and a preparation method and application thereof. The special-shaped fiber greatly increases the specific surface area of ​​the fiber by changing the cross-sectional shape of the fiber, thereby having a strong cooling effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1In the embodiment, it is a schematic cross-sectional view of a special-shaped fiber prepared from a slotted cruciform spinneret hole; wherein, 1 is the axis, 2 is the first flat sheet-shaped fiber, 3 is the second flat sheet-shaped fiber, and 4 is the connection point;

[0023] Figure 2 In the embodiment, it is a schematic cross-sectional view of a special-shaped fiber prepared from a spinneret hole with 3 interconnected "anchor" structures; wherein, 1 is the axis, 2 is the first flat sheet-shaped fiber, 3 is the second flat sheet-shaped fiber, and 4 is the connection point;

[0024] Figure 3 In the embodiment, it is a schematic cross-sectional view of a special-shaped fiber prepared from a spinneret hole with 2 interconnected "anchor" structures; wherein, 1 is the axis, 2 is the first flat sheet-shaped fiber, 3 is the second flat sheet-shaped fiber, and 4 is the connection point;

[0025] Figure 4 In the embodiment, it is the cross-section of the physical special-shaped fiber prepared from the slotted cruciform spinneret hole;

[0026] Figure 5 In the embodiment, it is the cross-section of the physical special-shaped fiber prepared from the slotted cruciform spinneret hole;

[0027] Figure 6 In the comparative example, it is the cross-section of the prepared special-shaped fiber;

[0028] Figure 7 In the comparative example, it is the cross-section of the prepared special-shaped fiber. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0030] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the description of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] Definition:

[0033] In the present invention, high viscosity means: viscosity is 2.6-3.0.

[0034] source:

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, materials, and equipment used in this example are all commercially available; the experimental methods are all conventional experimental methods in the art unless otherwise specified.

[0036] Example

[0037] A special-shaped fiber and a preparation method thereof.

[0038] 1. The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0039] 1. Material preparation: Select high-viscosity nylon matte slices to ensure they have good strength and wear resistance.

[0040] 2. Fiber shape design: Design the cross-sectional shape of the spinneret hole to significantly increase its side length and form multiple open holes on the fiber surface.

[0041] 3. Spinning process: Using a specific spinning process, the nylon slices are melted and extruded through a spinning plate to form fibers with the above-designed cross-sectional shape. During the spinning process, the spinning speed and the cooling air temperature, humidity and speed are controlled to ensure the stability of the fiber cross-sectional shape.

[0042] 4. Fiber processing: The nylon fiber after spinning is subjected to necessary oiling, stretching and shaping treatments to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of the fiber.

[0043] 5. Performance test: Check the cross-sectional shape of the nylon, and test its moisture conduction performance and cooling effect to ensure that it achieves the expected effect.

[0044] 2. The specific preparation method used in this embodiment.

[0045] 1. Choose nylon 6 as raw material.

[0046] 2. The cross-sectional shape of the spinneret hole is specifically designed to be an open field shape or an open triangular prism shape, or a shape in which several "anchor" shapes are connected.

[0047] 3. Spinning process: The spinning temperature is controlled at 250-260°C, the spinning speed is 3500 m / min, and the cooling air temperature is 20°C.

[0048] 4. Fiber treatment: After spinning, the fiber is stretched twice with a stretching ratio of 3 times, and then heat-set at 180°C.

[0049] The schematic diagram of the cross section of the shaped fiber prepared by the open field-shaped spinneret is shown in Figure 1The cross-sectional view of the shaped fiber prepared by three interconnected "anchor" shaped spinnerets is shown in FIG. Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the cross section of the shaped fiber prepared by two interconnected "anchor" shaped spinnerets is shown in Figure 3 shown.

[0050] The shaped fiber is prepared by an open field-shaped spinneret, and the shaped fiber has four blades, each blade is composed of two flat-type fibers (a first flat-type fiber 2 and a second flat-type fiber 3), and the two flat-type fibers are connected to each other so that the cross-section of the blade is hammer-shaped, and the connection point 4 is located between the two ends of the first flat-type fiber 2. The hammer handles of each blade are connected to the axis 1 of the shaped fiber, and the hammer heads of each blade extend outward to form a radial structure.

[0051] The shaped fiber is prepared from three interconnected "anchor"-shaped spinneret holes, and the shaped fiber has three blades, each blade is composed of two flat fiber (a first flat fiber 2, a second flat fiber 3), the cross section of the first flat fiber 2 is arc-shaped, and the cross section of the second flat fiber 3 is "I"-shaped. These two flat fibers are interconnected to make the cross section of the blade present an "anchor" shape, and the connection point is located between the two ends of the first flat fiber 2. The anchor handles of each blade are interconnected to the axis 1 of the shaped fiber, and the anchor heads of each blade extend outward to form a radial structure.

[0052] The shaped fiber is prepared from two interconnected "anchor"-shaped spinnerets, and the shaped fiber has two blades, each blade is composed of two flat fiber (a first flat fiber 2, a second flat fiber 3), the cross section of the first flat fiber 2 is arc-shaped, and the cross section of the second flat fiber 3 is "I"-shaped. These two flat fibers are interconnected to make the cross section of the blade present an "anchor" shape, and the connection point is located between the two ends of the first flat fiber 2. The anchor handles of each blade are interconnected to the axis 1 of the shaped fiber, and the anchor heads of each blade extend outward to form a radial structure.

[0053] 5. Two parallel experiments were conducted using the specific preparation method of this embodiment, wherein the cross-section of the special-shaped fiber obtained from the open field-shaped spinneret is as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the physical indicators are tested (test standard GB / T14344-2022), and the results are shown in the following table.

[0054] Table 1 Physical indexes of the shaped fibers (made from open field-shaped spinnerets) of this embodiment

[0055]

[0056] Note: In the above table, the non-uniformity of fiber properties is usually expressed by dividing the standard deviation (square error) by the arithmetic mean, CV = δ / μ; strength and elongation are two highly concerned properties.

[0057] Comparative Example

[0058] A special-shaped fiber and a preparation method thereof.

[0059] 1. Choose nylon 6 as raw material.

[0060] 2. The cross-sectional shape of the spinneret hole is specifically designed to be an open field shape.

[0061] 3. Spinning process: spinning temperature 275°C, spinning speed 3500 m / min, cooling air temperature 25°C.

[0062] 4. Fiber treatment: After spinning, the fiber is stretched with a stretching ratio of 3 times, and then heat-set at 180°C. The resulting fiber cross section is a fat cross (such as Figure 6 , 7 As shown), the specific surface area is smaller than that of the shaped fibers prepared in the example.

[0063] Experimental example

[0064] The special-shaped fibers of the embodiment were used to prepare fabrics, and their cooling effects were tested.

[0065] 1. Testing method for cooling effect: The cooling effect of fabrics is tested according to the cooling test standard GB / T35263-2017, and the testing instrument is KES-QM.

[0066] 2. Test results: The test results show that the specific surface area of ​​the nylon fiber is 2.5 times that of ordinary round fibers, and the contact coolness coefficient is 0.290 J / (m 2 ·s), with a significant cooling effect.

[0067] By changing the cross-sectional shape of nylon fiber to make it have an open hole structure, the present invention greatly increases the specific surface area of ​​the fiber, thereby significantly enhancing the cooling effect of the fabric. The method is simple and easy to implement, suitable for large-scale industrial production, and is expected to be widely used in the fields of clothing, home textiles, etc.

[0068] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0069] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A shaped fiber, characterized in that: The shaped fiber comprises flat sheet-type fiber, and the shaped fiber is made from a high-viscosity polymer melt.

2. The shaped fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaped fiber includes a plurality of blades, which are composed of the flat sheet-type fibers. The blades are mutually connected to the axis of the shaped fiber, and the blades extend outward from the axis of the shaped fiber to form a radial structure.

3. The shaped fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The special-shaped fiber includes at least two blades, and the blade includes at least two flat sheet-type fibers. The flat sheet-type fibers of a single blade are connected to each other.

4. The shaped fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The flat sheet-type fiber is in an unfolded state, and the cross section of the flat sheet-type fiber includes at least one of an arc shape and a "I" shape.

5. The shaped fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-section of the flat sheet fiber includes an arc shape and a straight line shape, and in a single blade, the interconnected connection point is located between the two ends of the arc; The flat sheet-type fibers with a "I"-shaped cross section are connected to each other at the axis of the shaped fibers, and the flat sheet-type fibers with an arc-shaped cross section extend outward from the axis of the shaped fibers.

6. The shaped fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross section of the flat sheet fiber includes a "I" shape, and in a single blade, the interconnected connection point is located between the two ends of the "I" shape; The cross section of the blade is hammer-shaped, the hammer handle of the hammer is connected to the axis, and the hammer head of the hammer protrudes outwards.

7. The method for preparing the shaped fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Using high viscosity polymer melt as raw material, spinning, stretching and shaping are carried out through a spinneret.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spinning conditions include: a spinning temperature of 250-270°C, an extrusion speed of 2500-3800 m / min, and a cooling air temperature of 18-22°C.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The number of stretching is 2-3 times, the stretching ratio is 2-3 times; the shaping temperature is 160-200°C.

10. A cool fabric, characterized in that: The special-shaped fiber is prepared from any one of claims 1 to 6.

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