Farmland ecological pond purifying, filtering and renovating method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of water conservancy projects, and discloses a farmland ecological pond purifying and filtering renovating method which comprises a renovating method for a mountain terrace pond with collapsed pond ridges and degraded aquatic environment, a renovating method for a mountain terrace pond with degraded pond body water environment, a renovating method for a cement mountain terrace pond and a renovating method for a mountain terrace pond with non-leakage soil texture. The problems of leakage and water environment degradation in the long-term use process of an existing mountain terrace pond can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of water conservancy projects, and in particular to a method for purifying, filtering and repairing a farmland ecological pond. Background Art

[0002] Shanpingtang, also known as weir pond, mountain bay pond, pingtang, etc., is a small agricultural water storage project with a water storage capacity of 500 cubic meters to 100,000 cubic meters built by collectives or individuals in China's hilly seasonal drought areas. It mainly solves the problem of water for rural production and life and belongs to small water conservancy facilities. Generally speaking, a pond is formed by building a dam on a hill surrounded by hills on three sides and open on one side, which is called a mountain pond; a pond is dug below the flat land, which is called a pingtang. Shanpingtang and pingtang are collectively called Shanpingtang. Only a very small number of traditional Shanpingtangs are naturally formed, and most of them are artificially built. The Shanpingtangs built before were just dammed with stone strips. There was a lack of anti-leakage and anti-seepage treatment on the pond bottom and pond bank, and a lack of ecological management of the water body in the pond, which resulted in leakage and water environment degradation during the long-term use of Shanpingtang. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farmland pond, so as to solve the problems of leakage and water environment degradation existing in the long-term use of existing mountain ponds.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farmland pond, including a method for repairing a mountain pond with collapsed bank and degraded aquatic environment:

[0005] A. Pond maintenance:

[0006] a. Measure and place the ecological pond dam body position, and control the visual linear quality of the pond embankment;

[0007] b. Construction preparation: drain the water in the pond and pump out the surface water and groundwater within the foundation area of ​​the pond;

[0008] c. Construction of pond bottom foundation: For mountain ponds that need to be excavated and lined, when the pond bottom foundation is bedrock, use mechanical chiseling to reach the designed foundation bottom elevation; when the pond bottom foundation is old soil layer, use tamping treatment and leveling; when the foundation is soft soil layer, use soil replacement to treat the foundation to achieve the foundation bearing capacity required by the design;

[0009] d. When the width and depth of the pond bottom are about to reach the design requirements, reserve 20cm of thickness and depth and use manual cleaning and leveling;

[0010] e. Renovation of the pond bank: M7.5 mortar masonry stone strips are used to reinforce and prevent seepage on the water-facing side of the pond bank on the basis of the original earth pond bank, and the step section of the pond bank adopts cast-in-place C20 concrete structure;

[0011] f. Anti-seepage treatment: geotextile anti-seepage membrane is laid on the pond bottom and pond slope as the anti-seepage layer. The membrane is laid in an embedded manner. When laying, the natural wrinkles of the geotextile anti-seepage membrane plane and vertical surface are 5% to 8%, and the reserved expansion amount is 3% to 5%;

[0012] B. Replanting of vegetation.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, 30 cm thick bottom mud is stripped off in step c for later use, and then the foundation is excavated to the designed section, the slope coefficient in each direction is not greater than 1:1.5, the pond bottom and the bank are set to be undulating, and cracks in the rock strata after excavation are sealed with cement mortar or cement grouting.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, in step f, after the foundation is compacted, a 30 mm sand cushion layer is laid, and then a geotechnical impermeable membrane is laid, and then a protective layer is laid on the geotechnical impermeable membrane.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, a concrete protective layer is laid on the entire pond slope, and then loam is laid on the protective layer to form a 300 mm return layer. The return layer is beaten with a beater to a depth of 20 cm and then allowed to settle for 3 days.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the pond slope is divided into an upper flexible slope and a lower hard slope. A 300mm clay protective layer is laid on the flexible slope, and after compaction, 200mm loam is rammed on the clay protective layer to form a return layer; a 100mm C20 concrete protective layer is laid on the hard slope, and then tiger skin stone is used to face the concrete protective layer.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, anchor trenches are dug around the top of the pond slope, with a width and depth of not less than 500 mm, and the anti-seepage layer is close to the trench wall and bottom of the anchor trench and compacted by backfill soil; the top and bottom of the pond slope are both embedded in the soil with stones with a diameter greater than 300 mm around them to make them upright and secure.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the flood discharge outlet of Shanpingtang is designed to be directly built with mortar-laid rough stone strips. The thickness of the retaining wall of the flood discharge outlet is 25 cm. The specifications of the flood discharge outlet are a net width of 1.5 m and a net height of 0.5 m. The bottom plate is built with M7.5 mortar-laid rough stone strips with a thickness of 25 cm.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, it also includes a method for renovating a mountain pond with degraded water environment: by building a retaining wall and embedding 600mm blocks of stone along the four sides of the pond bottom into the foundation, backfilling with planting soil provides conditions for creating a growth environment for aquatic purification vegetation.

[0020] Preferably, as an improvement, a method for renovating a cement mountain pond is also included: for a cement mountain pond with a bank, the bank structure is retained, and stone masonry is performed on one side of the pond slope and soil is covered, and the slope of the pond slope is not less than 1:2.

[0021] Preferably, as an improvement, the method for repairing non-leakage mountain ponds is also included: the vegetation planting area on the slope and bank of the pond is covered with a loam layer having a thickness of not less than 300 mm, the loam layer is compacted and beaten with a beater to a depth of 20 cm, and then allowed to settle for 3 days.

[0022] The principles and advantages of this plan are: in actual application, for mountain ponds with degraded water environment, the main focus during renovation is replanting of vegetation. By building retaining walls and 600mm blocks embedded in the foundation around the pond bottom, backfilling with planting soil provides conditions for creating an aquatic purification vegetation habitat; for the current cement mountain ponds, most of them have pond ridges, so the pond ridge structure is retained during renovation, and only one side is stone-laid and sloped (the slope is not less than 1:2) and covered with soil to provide conditions for aquatic vegetation; for the current non-leakage mountain ponds, the current status of the mountain ponds is good, so the main focus during renovation is replanting of vegetation. The vegetation planting area needs to be covered with a loam layer of ≥300mm and compacted, and a small beater is used for beating, and the beating depth is controlled at about 20cm to provide conditions for crop growth.

[0023] For mountain ponds with collapsed banks and degraded aquatic habitats, pond body repair and vegetation replanting are carried out. Before construction, water is pumped out to ensure that the excavation of the ecological pond foundation is not affected by surface water and groundwater. During the construction of the pond bottom foundation, line hanging operations are carried out to control the visual linear quality of the ecological pond bank. For mountain ponds with pond bottoms that need to be excavated and lined, when the pond bottom foundation is bedrock, mechanical chiseling is required to reach the designed foundation bottom elevation; when the pond bottom foundation is an old soil layer, compaction measures are used to treat and level it; when the foundation is a weak soil layer, soil replacement or other corresponding measures are used to treat the foundation to achieve the foundation bearing capacity required by the design, and the compaction degree of the pond bottom foundation layer is not less than 93%.

[0024] The masonry material of the pond bank is stone strips. The renovation plan design uses M7.5 mortar stone strips on the water-facing surface to reinforce and prevent seepage on the basis of the original earth pond bank. The base anti-seepage material is geomembrane (two cloths and one membrane). The membrane is laid in an embedded manner. When laying, the geomembrane should not be pulled too tight. The natural wrinkles on the plane and vertical surface are 5% to 8%; 3% to 5% of the expansion and contraction amount is reserved. The anti-seepage system includes a cushion layer, an anti-seepage layer, a transition layer, and a protective layer, which has a high anti-seepage function. The top and bottom of the pond slope are shaped by blocks of stone, which can bear the shear force of the pond body along the slope section to ensure the stability of the pond slope.

[0025] The pond bottom and banks can be designed with micro-topography to increase the habitat heterogeneity of the pond; the width of the pond base is controlled at 80 to 120 cm depending on the size of the pond, and the pond base is 50 cm higher than the design water level of the pond.

[0026] The cover layer is planted with aquatic plant communities. The configuration of aquatic plant communities is based on the configuration pattern of the community of emergent or wetland plants on the pond bank. The principle of plant selection is cold-resistant, environmental purification function, ornamental value and economic value. Emergent or wetland plants include calamus (30-40 buds / m2), wild rice stem (10-15 plants / m2), water plantain (30-40 buds / m2), and rush (30-40 buds / m2).

[0027] The renovation method of the present invention can be applied to the renovation of various situations such as mountain ponds with degraded water environment, mountain ponds made of cement, mountain ponds with non-leakage soil, mountain ponds with collapsed pond banks and degraded water habitats, etc. It can improve the structural stability of mountain ponds, reduce the risk of leakage in mountain ponds, purify and filter the water environment of mountain ponds, improve the ecological environmental function of mountain ponds, and be beneficial to the improvement of ecological and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0031] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: pond bank 1, pond slope 2, pond bottom 3, foundation layer 4, foundation cushion layer 5, anti-seepage layer 6, protective layer 7, cover layer 8, pond base 9, anchor ditch 10, protective fence 11, clay protective layer 12, concrete protective layer 13, tiger skin stone 14.

[0032] Embodiment 1, basically as attached Figure 1 As shown: A method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farmland pond, including a method for repairing a mountain pond with collapsed bank 1 and degraded aquatic environment:

[0033] A. Pond maintenance:

[0034] a. Measure and place the ecological pond dam body position, and control the visual linear quality of the pond embankment 1;

[0035] b. Construction preparation: drain the water in the pond and pump out the surface water and groundwater within the foundation area of ​​the pond;

[0036] c. Construction of pond bottom foundation: For the mountain ponds with pond bottom 3 that need to be excavated and lined, when the foundation of the pond bottom 3 is bedrock, use mechanical chiseling to reach the designed foundation bottom elevation; when the foundation of the pond bottom is old soil layer, use tamping treatment and leveling; when the foundation is a weak soil layer, use soil replacement to treat the foundation to achieve the foundation bearing capacity required by the design; peel off 30cm thick bottom mud for standby use, and then excavate the foundation to the designed section, with the slope coefficient in each direction not greater than 1:1.5, and the pond bottom 3 and the bank are set up with undulations. After excavation, if there are cracks in the rock layer, use cement mortar or cement grouting to seal them;

[0037] d. When the width and depth of the pond bottom 3 are about to reach the design requirements, reserve 20cm of thickness and depth and use manual cleaning and leveling;

[0038] e. Renovation of the pond bank 1. M7.5 mortar masonry stone strips are used to reinforce and prevent seepage on the water-facing surface of the pond bank 1 on the basis of the original earth pond bank 1. The steps of the pond bank 1 are made of cast-in-place C20 concrete structure. When the height of the pond bank 1 is greater than 2m, a plant protection fence 11 is installed on the top;

[0039] f. Anti-seepage treatment: after the foundation is compacted, a 30mm sand cushion layer is laid, and then a geotechnical anti-seepage membrane is laid on the pond bottom 3 and the pond slope 2 as an anti-seepage layer 6. The membrane is laid in an embedded manner. During laying, the natural wrinkles of the geotechnical anti-seepage membrane on the plane and vertical surface are 5% to 8%, and the reserved expansion amount is 3% to 5%; then a protective layer 7 is laid on the geotechnical anti-seepage membrane, and a concrete protective layer 13 is laid on the pond slope 2 as a whole. Then, loam is laid on the protective layer 7 to form a 300mm cover layer 8. The cover layer 8 is beaten with a beater, and the beating depth is 20cm. After beating, it is allowed to settle for 3 days; an anchoring ditch 10 is dug around the top of the pond slope 2. The width and depth of the anchoring ditch 10 are not less than 500mm. The anti-seepage layer 6 is close to the ditch wall and ditch bottom of the anchoring ditch 10 and compacted by backfilling soil; the top of the pond slope 2 and the bottom of the pond slope 2 are embedded in the soil with stones with a diameter greater than 300mm along the four sides to lean against and sit firmly;

[0040] B. Planting supplement: When configuring aquatic plant communities, the configuration pattern should be based on the community configuration of pond bank emergent or wetland plants. The principle of plant selection is cold-resistant, environmental purification function, ornamental value and economic value. The submerged emergent or wetland plant Acorus calamus (30-40 buds / m 2 ), wild rice stem (10-15 plants / m 2 ), water onion (30-40 buds / m 2 ), rush (30-40 buds / m 2 ).

[0041] The flood outlet of Shanpingtang is designed to be directly built with mortar-laid rough stone strips. The thickness of the retaining wall of the flood outlet is 25cm. The specifications of the flood outlet are a net width of 1.5m and a net height of 0.5m. The bottom plate is built with 25cm thick M7.5 mortar-laid rough stone strips.

[0042] Micro-topography design is carried out on the three banks of the pond bottom to increase the habitat heterogeneity of the pond; the width of the pond base 9 is controlled to be 80 to 120 cm depending on the size of the pond, and the pond base 9 is 50 cm higher than the design water level of the pond.

[0043] It also includes the renovation method of mountain ponds with degraded water environment: by building retaining walls and embedding 600mm blocks of stone along the three sides of the pond bottom into the foundation, backfilling with planting soil provides conditions for creating an environment for the growth of aquatic purification vegetation.

[0044] It also includes a renovation method for a cement-made mountain pond: for a cement-made mountain pond with a pond bank 1, the structure of the pond bank 1 is retained, and stone masonry and soil are laid on one side of the pond slope 2, and the slope of the pond slope 2 is not less than 1:2.

[0045] It also includes a method for repairing non-permeable mountain ponds: covering the vegetation planting area of ​​the pond slope 2 and the pond bank 1 with a loam layer with a thickness of not less than 300 mm, tamping the loam layer and beating it with a beater to a depth of 20 cm, and letting it settle for 3 days after beating.

[0046] Embodiment 2, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in step f, the pond slope 2 is divided into an upper flexible slope and a lower hard slope, such as Figure 2 As shown, a 300 mm thick clay protective layer 12 is laid on the flexible slope, and after compaction, 200 mm thick loam is rammed on the clay protective layer 12 to form a return layer 8; a 100 mm thick C20 concrete protective layer 13 is laid on the hard slope, and then tiger skin stone 14 is used to face the concrete protective layer 13.

[0047] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological pond in farmland, characterized in that: Including the renovation methods of mountain ponds with collapsed banks and degraded aquatic environment: A. Pond maintenance: a. Measure and place the ecological pond dam body position, and control the visual linear quality of the pond embankment; b. Construction preparation: drain the water in the pond and pump out the surface water and groundwater within the foundation area of ​​the pond; c. Construction of pond bottom foundation: For mountain ponds that need to be excavated and lined, when the pond bottom foundation is bedrock, use mechanical chiseling to reach the designed foundation bottom elevation; when the pond bottom foundation is old soil layer, use tamping treatment and leveling; when the foundation is soft soil layer, use soil replacement to treat the foundation to achieve the foundation bearing capacity required by the design; d. When the width and depth of the pond bottom are about to reach the design requirements, reserve 20cm of thickness and depth and use manual cleaning and leveling; e. Renovation of the pond bank: M7.5 mortar masonry stone strips are used to reinforce and prevent seepage on the water-facing side of the pond bank on the basis of the original earth pond bank, and the step section of the pond bank adopts cast-in-place C20 concrete structure; f. Anti-seepage treatment: geotextile anti-seepage membrane is laid on the pond bottom and pond slope as the anti-seepage layer. The membrane is laid in an embedded manner. When laying, the natural wrinkles of the geotextile anti-seepage membrane plane and vertical surface are 5% to 8%, and the reserved expansion amount is 3% to 5%; B. Replanting of vegetation.

2. A method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step c, 30 cm thick bottom mud is peeled off for later use, and then the foundation is excavated to the designed section. The slope coefficient in each direction is not greater than 1:1.

5. The pond bottom and the bank are set to be undulating. After excavation, cracks in the rock layer are sealed with cement mortar or cement grouting.

3. A method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step f, after the foundation is compacted, a 30 mm sand cushion layer is laid, followed by a geotextile impermeable membrane, and then a protective layer is laid on the geotextile impermeable membrane.

4. A method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 3, characterized in that: A concrete protective layer is laid on the entire pond slope, and then loam is laid on the protective layer to form a 300mm return layer. The return layer is beaten with a beater to a depth of 20cm and then left to settle for 3 days.

5. A method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pond slope is divided into an upper flexible slope and a lower hard slope. A 300mm clay protective layer is laid on the flexible slope, and after compaction, a 200mm loam is rammed on the clay protective layer to form a return layer; a 100mmC20 concrete protective layer is laid on the hard slope, and then tiger skin stone is used to veneer the concrete protective layer.

6. A method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 5, characterized in that: Anchor trenches are dug around the top of the pond slope. The width and depth of the anchor trenches are not less than 500mm. The anti-seepage layer is close to the trench wall and bottom of the anchor trench and compacted by backfill soil. Stone blocks with a diameter of more than 300mm are embedded in the soil around the top and bottom of the pond slope to make it straight and firm.

7. A method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flood outlet of Shanpingtang is designed to be directly built with mortar-laid rough stone strips. The thickness of the retaining wall of the flood outlet is 25cm. The specifications of the flood outlet are a net width of 1.5m and a net height of 0.5m. The bottom plate is built with 25cm thick M7.5 mortar-laid rough stone strips.

8. The method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the renovation method of mountain ponds with degraded water environment: by building retaining walls and embedding 600mm blocks of stone into the foundation along the four sides of the pond bottom, backfilling with planting soil provides conditions for creating a growth environment for aquatic purification vegetation.

9. The method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the renovation method of cement mountain ponds: for cement mountain ponds with pond banks, the bank structure is retained, and stone masonry and soil are laid on one side of the pond slope, with the slope of the pond being no less than 1:

2.

10. The method for purifying, filtering and repairing an ecological farm pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the renovation method of non-leakage mountain ponds: cover the vegetation planting area on the slope and bank of the pond with a loam layer with a thickness of not less than 300mm, tamp the loam layer and beat it with a beater to a depth of 20cm, and let it settle for 3 days after beating.

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