Ducted wind driven generator, adjustable duct structure and duct adjusting method

Abstract

The invention relates to a duct type wind driven generator, an adjustable duct structure and a duct adjusting method. According to the adjustable duct structure, the sensor and the control unit are arranged, the outlet sectional area of the duct unit can be automatically adjusted according to the change of the wind speed, so that the optimal wind energy conversion efficiency and the stability of the aerostat are kept, and continuous and automatic adjustment of the outlet sectional area of the duct unit is achieved. The adjustable ducted structure can be applied to a wind power generation process, so that the adjustable ducted structure can be configured as a ducted wind power generator to convert airflow kinetic energy into electric energy. The problem that an existing aerostat duct structure is unstable in wind energy utilization efficiency under different wind speed conditions is solved, remarkable technical progress is achieved, and the aerostat duct structure is suitable for the field of wind energy collection and conversion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of duct structure adjustment, and in particular to a ducted wind turbine, an adjustable duct structure and a duct adjustment method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of renewable energy technology, wind energy, as a clean and pollution-free energy source, has received widespread attention. As a new type of wind energy collection device, aerostats use duct structures to concentrate wind power and improve wind energy conversion efficiency. Wind power generation using aerostats is an emerging energy technology that makes full use of the stable and strong wind energy resources in the sky and efficiently converts wind energy into electrical energy through the wind power generation equipment carried by the aerostats. Compared with traditional ground wind power generation, aerostats are not restricted by terrain and can be flexibly deployed at high altitudes to capture stronger and more stable wind energy, with less impact on the ground environment. With the advancement of materials science, energy technology and aviation technology, the structural design and energy conversion efficiency of aerostats have been significantly improved. Coupled with the growing global energy demand and the urgent need for renewable energy, aerostat wind power generation has shown great potential and prospects. Aerostat wind power generation is not only suitable for power supply in remote areas and offshore platforms, but can also be used as an emergency power source to provide rapid response power support when natural disasters occur. With the maturity of technology and the reduction of costs, aerostat wind power generation is expected to become one of the mainstream energy supply methods in the future and occupy an important position in the global energy structure.

[0003] CN207080316U discloses a high-altitude wind power generation system based on an annular airship, comprising: a control system, an annular airship, a generator, a first cable, a second cable, a first angle of attack adjustment rope, a second angle of attack adjustment rope and an attitude control motor; wherein the generator is arranged on the central axis of the annular airship; the control system is connected to the generator through the first cable; one end of the annular airship is connected to the first angle of attack adjustment rope, and the other end of the annular airship is connected to the second angle of attack adjustment rope; the attitude control motor is respectively connected to the first angle of attack adjustment rope and the second angle of attack adjustment rope; the control system is connected to the attitude control motor through the second cable.

[0004] CN105923152A discloses a tethered flight system and a tethered aircraft thereof. The tethered aircraft includes a fuselage, fixed wings, rotors, and a motor for driving the rotors to rotate. The motor has two working modes: a generator mode and a motor mode. In the motor mode, the motor drives the rotors to rotate to generate driving force. In the generator mode, the rotors reversely drive the motors to generate electricity under the action of wind. The design of this aircraft has the function of self-generating electricity, so that the mooring cables can save power cables, thereby greatly reducing the load of the mooring cables, and there is no problem of voltage drop and power transmission loss on the cables. In the tethered state, the lift and load-bearing capacity can be greatly improved, thereby achieving long flight time and high ceiling.

[0005] However, existing aerostat duct structures often lack adaptability to wind speed changes, resulting in unstable wind energy utilization efficiency under different wind speed conditions.

[0006] In addition, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making the present invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents are listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not have the characteristics of these prior arts. On the contrary, the present invention already has all the characteristics of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background technology. Summary of the invention

[0007] The prior art has disclosed a technical solution for adjusting the size of the air outlet by setting a control component inside the duct structure. For example, the patent document with publication number CN101865074A discloses a horizontal axis wind turbine duct device, which is installed on the horizontal axis wind turbine. The flow field structure around the horizontal axis wind turbine is reasonably arranged by using the appearance design of the inner and outer surfaces of the duct. The device is mainly composed of an inner flow channel arranged inside the duct and an outer flow channel outside the duct. The outer flow channel includes an external acceleration section, an external transition section and an external deceleration section. The inner flow channel includes an internal acceleration section, an internal transition section and an internal deceleration section. Between the inner and outer flow channels, there is a suction channel connecting the inner and outer flow channels of the duct. The opening size of the suction channel is controlled by a baffle. There are multiple suction channels evenly distributed on the wall between the inner and outer flow channels. The technical solution controls the suction device according to the working condition of the ducted wind turbine, and improves the working condition of the wind blades by adjusting the opening size of the suction device. However, on the one hand, the suction channel in the technical solution runs through the side wall structure of the duct to connect the two different flow channels. Since the floating body of the aerostat of the present invention needs to be set as a closed hollow structure to accommodate light gas, in order to ensure the stable and safe accommodation of light gas, the present invention needs to avoid setting any through-type pipeline structure on the floating body structure of the aerostat, that is, the design of the duct side wall must take into account the need for the floating body of the aerostat to maintain its closed hollow structure, which is to ensure that the light gas can be safely and stably accommodated therein. Light gas, such as hydrogen or helium, is a key factor in the launch of the aerostat. Therefore, any structural design that may affect the gas sealing is to be avoided by the present invention. On the other hand, the suction channel in the technical solution involves two completely different internal and external flow channel structures, and the flow field distribution covered is more complicated than the flow field distribution only involved in the duct in the present invention. The different flow field changes will make the corresponding flow channel control method different, which will lead to the size control method of the suction channel inlet and outlet being significantly different from the outlet opening area adjustment method of the present invention. The present invention focuses on the flow field distribution inside the duct, which greatly simplifies the complexity of flow field control. By accurately controlling the flow field inside the duct, the present invention can more effectively manage the gas flow, thereby achieving more precise flow control.

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a ducted wind turbine, an adjustable duct structure and a duct adjustment method to solve at least part of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0009] In the first aspect, the present invention discloses an adjustable duct structure, comprising: a duct unit, an aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring formed by the floating body of the airship, the aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring being able to form a front-to-back through-flow airflow channel from the air inlet to the air outlet; a generator assembly, arranged in the duct unit, for converting the kinetic energy of the airflow into electrical energy; a fan, arranged in the duct unit, for driving the airflow through the duct unit and driving the generator assembly to operate; an outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit, arranged in the duct unit, for adjusting the opening area of ​​the air outlet to control the strength of the axial airflow passing through the duct unit.

[0010] In high altitude environments, wind speeds are usually in the range of 30 to 80 m / s, and it is difficult to solve the problem of airflow stability by changing the pitch. The purpose of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit in the present invention is to ensure that the duct structure can adapt to different airflow conditions and maintain stable performance through the airflow congestion effect formed by adjusting the outlet cross-sectional area. The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit provides a simple and efficient solution, which overcomes the limitations of the traditional variable pitch mechanism under high wind speed conditions, simplifies the structural design, and enhances the reliability and market application prospects of the overall equipment. Unlike the prior art, the present invention has an adjustable outlet cross-sectional area that is only set inside the duct, thereby being able to dynamically adjust the opening area of ​​the air outlet according to changes in actual wind speed and wind direction to achieve optimal airflow control and power generation efficiency. Based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features, the problems to be solved by the present invention may include: how to maintain the efficient and stable operation of the wind power generation system under different wind speed and wind direction conditions, and how to improve power generation efficiency and reduce system maintenance costs by optimizing airflow control. Specifically, compared to the above-mentioned prior art method of connecting the inner and outer flow channels to control the size of the suction channel according to the wind speed, the present invention can prevent the airflow flowing out from the inside of the duct from affecting the outside of the duct, thereby ensuring the stability of the operation of the airship during the adjustment of the outlet cross-sectional area inside the duct. The adjustable duct structure of the present invention forms an aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring through the duct unit. This design not only optimizes the passage path of the airflow, but also reduces air resistance and improves the speed and stability of the airflow. The generator assembly arranged in the duct unit can efficiently convert the kinetic energy of the airflow into electrical energy, and the setting of the fan provides continuous power for the airflow to ensure the stable operation of the generator assembly. The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit adjusts the opening area of ​​the air outlet to accurately control the strength of the axial airflow, thereby optimizing the power generation efficiency. This structural design enables the entire system to flexibly respond to different wind speed conditions during wind power generation, thereby improving the adaptability and power generation efficiency of the system.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the generator assembly is arranged at a specific position in the duct unit, which is near the throat between the air inlet and the air outlet of the duct unit, and the throat is located between the geometric center point of the aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring in the axial length and the air outlet.

[0012] Unlike the prior art, the present invention optimizes the arrangement of the generator assembly near the throat in the duct unit. Based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features, the problems to be solved by the present invention may include: how to improve the efficiency and stability of wind power generation by precisely controlling the kinetic energy conversion process of the airflow under different wind speed conditions. The present invention arranges the generator assembly near the throat in the duct unit, and the selection of this specific position is based on the principle of airflow dynamics. The throat is a key area where the airflow velocity and pressure change. Placing the generator assembly in this position can maximize the use of the kinetic energy of the airflow and optimize the energy conversion efficiency. This layout not only improves the power output, but also reduces energy loss, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of the entire power generation system.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, the fan is a horizontal counter-rotating fan, which is arranged in the duct unit in a manner that allows it to rotate with torque offset, and is used to drive the generator assembly to operate.

[0014] The design of the horizontal counter-rotating fan effectively offsets the torque through bidirectional rotation, reducing the impact on the system. This fan is set in the duct unit, which can not only provide strong airflow, but also control the intensity and direction of the airflow by adjusting the speed. This design allows the fan to provide power while maintaining the balance and stability of the system, optimizing the performance of the entire power generation system.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit comprises a plurality of flaps, which are rotatably connected to the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall through hinge mechanisms at their roots, so that the tips of the flaps can rotate radially toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring starting from near the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall.

[0016] Unlike the prior art, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit of the present invention can dynamically adjust the opening and closing angles of the flaps according to the wind speed and generator assembly status monitored in real time. Based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features, the problems to be solved by the present invention may include: how to maintain the efficient operation of the wind turbine generator set under changing wind speed conditions, and how to reduce the energy consumption of the wind turbine generator set during operation. Specifically, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit of the present invention realizes the precise adjustment of the outlet opening area through the rotatable connection of multiple flaps. The tip of the flap can rotate radially toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring. This design makes the adjustment of the outlet cross-sectional area more flexible and precise. In this way, the system can dynamically adjust the airflow intensity according to the actual wind speed and power generation requirements, thereby optimizing the power generation efficiency and system stability. In addition, the present invention sets the rotation force point of the flap at the tip of the flap, and only needs to make a small displacement through the opening and closing components to achieve a larger adjustment angle of the flap, thereby improving the adjustment efficiency of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit includes an opening and closing component arranged at the radial center position of the duct unit, which is used to synchronously control the opening and closing movements of part or all of the flap blades to adjust the opening area of ​​the air outlet, wherein the opening and closing component includes a pulling rope and a cable storage drum for retracting and releasing the pulling rope, and the cable storage drum drives the flap blades to perform the opening and closing movement by winding or unwinding the pulling rope.

[0018] Unlike the prior art, the present invention is provided with a more efficient and accurate way to adjust the cross-sectional area of ​​the air outlet, that is, the position adjustment of the flap blades is achieved by an opening and closing component arranged at the radial center position of the duct unit. Based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features, the problems to be solved by the present invention may include: how to improve the synchronization of the flap blade adjustment process. The design of the opening and closing component realizes the synchronous control of the opening and closing movement of the flap blades through the synergistic effect of the pull rope and the cable storage drum. This design not only improves the adjustment accuracy of the system, but also can be automatically controlled according to specific needs. By controlling the retraction and release of the pull rope, the angle of the flap blades can be accurately adjusted, thereby controlling the intensity and speed of the airflow and further optimizing the system performance. In addition, the setting of the cable storage drum also allows the pull rope to be neatly stored when not in use, reducing space occupancy and improving the neatness and maintenance convenience of the system. This design maintains the simplicity of the structure while greatly improving the flexibility and accuracy of the adjustment.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit is equipped with or connected to a corresponding monitoring unit and a control unit. The monitoring unit is used to determine whether the wind speed exceeds a first preset threshold value or is lower than a second preset threshold value, or monitor whether the generator component exceeds a first predetermined speed or a first predetermined temperature, or is lower than a second predetermined speed or a second predetermined temperature. The monitoring unit sends the monitored signal to the control unit, and the control unit instructs the cable storage drum to perform corresponding movements according to the received signal.

[0020] Different from the prior art, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit of the present invention can work in conjunction with the monitoring unit and the control unit to achieve real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the airflow and the status of the generator components in the wind power generation system. Based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features, the problems to be solved by the present invention may include: how to automatically adjust the performance of the wind power generation system under different environments and operating conditions to maintain the best power generation efficiency and system stability. The monitoring unit and control unit equipped with the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit can automatically adjust the action of the cable storage drum by real-time monitoring of the wind speed, the rotation speed and the temperature of the generator components. This intelligent design improves the response speed and adjustment accuracy of the system, ensuring that the system can maintain the best power generation efficiency and stability under different wind speed conditions. Through real-time adjustment, the system can better adapt to changes in the external environment, reduce manual intervention, and improve overall performance.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit performs an operation to converge the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit in response to a signal that the external wind speed exceeds a first preset threshold value or that the generator assembly exceeds a first predetermined rotational speed or a first predetermined temperature, so that the cable storage drum is driven to wind up the pulling rope, forcing the corresponding petal blade fixed at its far end to overcome wind resistance and rotate in a radial direction toward the radial center of the aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring.

[0022] Unlike the prior art, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit of the present invention can respond to external environmental changes and internal working conditions in real time to optimize the wind power generation process. Based on the above-mentioned distinguishing technical features, the problems to be solved by the present invention may include: how to automatically adjust the duct outlet cross-sectional area to optimize wind power generation efficiency and protect power generation equipment under different wind speeds and generator component working conditions. The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit performs convergence operations in response to signals of external wind speed or generator component status. This automatic adjustment mechanism ensures that in the case of extreme wind speeds or generator overload, the system can protect the generator component by reducing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit to avoid overheating or damage. This design improves the safety and reliability of the system while maintaining stable operation of the system.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit performs an operation of expanding the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit in response to a signal that the external wind speed is lower than a second preset threshold value or that the generator assembly is lower than a second predetermined rotation speed or a second predetermined temperature, and the cable storage drum allows the pulling rope to unwind by rotating in the unwinding direction or when the power supply to the cable storage drum is stopped, resulting in the corresponding petal blades being subjected to the action of wind force and passively rotating in a radial center direction away from the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the driving action of the airflow.

[0024] The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit performs an expansion operation in response to a signal that the external wind speed is lower than a second preset threshold or the generator component is lower than a second predetermined speed or temperature. This design enables the system to improve the utilization of airflow kinetic energy by expanding the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit when the wind speed is low or the power generation demand is reduced, optimize power generation efficiency, and reduce energy waste. This adaptive adjustment mechanism improves the flexibility and economy of the system.

[0025] In the second aspect, the present invention discloses a ducted wind turbine, comprising: a duct unit, which is composed of an aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring formed by the floating body of the airship, forming a front-to-back through-flow airflow channel from the air inlet to the air outlet, wherein the opening area of ​​the air inlet is smaller than the opening area of ​​the air outlet; a generator assembly, which is arranged inside the duct structure and is located near the throat between the air inlet and the air outlet; at least one torque-offsetting fan device, which is arranged inside the duct structure and is used to drive the generator assembly to operate; an outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit, which is composed of a plurality of petal blades, and these petal blades are rotatably fixed at their roots to a hinge mechanism on the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall.

[0026] The design of the ducted wind turbine forms an aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring through the floating body of the aerostat, which optimizes the airflow path and reduces air resistance. The setting of the generator assembly and the torque-offsetting fan ensures the stable operation of the generator assembly and efficient energy conversion. The design of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit enables the system to be flexibly adjusted according to wind speed changes, optimizing power generation efficiency and system stability.

[0027] In a third aspect, the present invention discloses a duct adjustment method for adjusting the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​a duct unit of an adjustable duct structure or a ducted wind turbine. The method may include the following steps: adjusting the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit by using a flap of a hinge mechanism rotatably fixed on a side wall of the duct unit configured by the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the method may include one or more of the following steps:

[0029] By driving the cable storage drum to wind the pulling rope, the flap blade fixed at the far end of the pulling rope overcomes the wind resistance and rotates toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, thereby reducing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit;

[0030] By allowing the cable storage drum to rotate in the unwinding direction or stopping the power supply to the cable storage drum, the flap blades rotate toward the radial center direction away from the aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the action of wind force, thereby increasing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the method may include the following steps: based on the monitored wind speed, rotation speed and temperature, starting the outlet cross-sectional area reduction mechanism of the duct unit to reduce the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit by using the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit; and / or starting the outlet cross-sectional area expansion mechanism of the duct unit to increase the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit by using the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit.

[0032] Preferably, the method may include one or more of the following steps:

[0033] a. Monitoring external environmental conditions and the working status of the generator assembly, wherein the external environmental conditions include wind speed, and the working status of the generator assembly includes speed and temperature;

[0034] b. comparing the monitored wind speed with a first preset threshold, and comparing the monitored rotation speed and temperature with respective first predetermined values;

[0035] c. When the wind speed exceeds the first preset threshold or the rotation speed and temperature exceed the first predetermined value, the outlet cross-sectional area reduction mechanism of the duct unit is activated and step d is executed, otherwise step e is executed;

[0036] d. By driving the cable storage drum to wind the pulling rope, the flap blade fixed at the distal end of the pulling rope overcomes the wind resistance and rotates toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, thereby reducing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit;

[0037] e. comparing the monitored wind speed with a second preset threshold, and comparing the monitored rotation speed and temperature with respective second predetermined values;

[0038] f. When the wind speed is lower than the second preset threshold or the speed and temperature are lower than the second predetermined value, the outlet cross-sectional area expansion mechanism of the duct unit is started and step g is executed, otherwise step h is executed;

[0039] g. By allowing the cable storage drum to rotate in the unwinding direction or stopping the power supply to the cable storage drum, the flap blades rotate in the radial direction away from the aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the action of wind, thereby increasing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit;

[0040] h. Repeat steps a to g to achieve continuous automatic adjustment of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit.

[0041] The duct regulation method realizes dynamic regulation of the duct unit outlet cross-sectional area by continuously and automatically monitoring the external environmental conditions and the working status of the generator components. This method can automatically adjust the outlet cross-sectional area according to the actual wind speed and power generation demand, thereby optimizing the power generation efficiency and system stability. Through this continuous automatic adjustment mechanism, the system can better adapt to different wind speed conditions and maintain the best wind energy conversion efficiency and stability of the aerostat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 is an axial view of an outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a valve leaflet according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a valve leaflet according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the flexible rods in the valve leaflets of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the forces acting on the flexible rod in the valve leaflet of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between a flap leaf and an opening and closing component in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the valve leaf and the opening and closing component of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a duct structure with an outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of an aerostat equipped with a ducted structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.10 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a duct structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.11 It is a front view of an outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.12 is a hardware connection diagram of a duct structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.13 It is a control logic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Reference numerals list

[0056] 110: duct unit; 121: fan; 123: fixed bracket; 124: generator assembly; 140: capsule; 210: ring wing; 220: outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit; 300: flap blade; 320: rope buckle; 330: cable; 340: hinge mechanism; 350: flexible rod; 380: opening and closing component; 400: monitoring unit; 500: control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses an outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220, which may include a plurality of flap blades 300, which are rotatably connected to the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall through hinge mechanisms 340 at their roots, so that the tips of the flap blades 300 can rotate radially toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring from close to the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall under the restriction of the hinge mechanism 340. Preferably, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 can control the opening area of ​​the air outlet by adjusting the angle of the flap blades 300, thereby accurately controlling the airflow intensity and speed in the duct unit 110. The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 solves the problem of inaccurate airflow control in traditional systems and improves the flexibility and response speed of the system. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flap leaf 300 in different embodiments or a schematic diagram of the structure of the same flap leaf 300 at different viewing angles.

[0060] Preferably, a single leaflet 300 may be provided with a frame, wherein the frame may be formed into a planar structure by a group of flexible rods 350 in a manner of applying a spreading force outward. Preferably, the flexible rods 350 may be carbon fiber rods. Preferably, the frame of the single leaflet 300 may be divided into an outer frame for forming an overall outline and an inner frame for applying a spreading force to the outer frame. Figure 4 and Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the configuration and force of the flexible rod 350 in the valve leaflet 300.

[0061] Preferably, the outer layer skeleton can be formed into a closed surface-shaped figure by connecting multiple flexible rods 350 end to end, wherein the outer layer skeleton can include a proximal flexible rod for forming the root of the flap leaf 300 and a distal flexible rod for forming the tip of the flap leaf 300. Further preferably, the length of the proximal flexible rod is greater than the length of the distal flexible rod, so that the outer layer skeleton can be constructed as a closed surface-shaped polygon with non-uniform width everywhere. Preferably, in addition to the proximal flexible rod and the distal flexible rod, the outer layer skeleton can also include one or more groups of side flexible rods to form a closed surface-shaped figure by connecting the proximal flexible rod, the distal flexible rod and multiple side flexible rods end to end. Preferably, the side flexible rods and the proximal flexible rods are arranged in a manner with a certain cutting angle, so that the maximum width of the flap leaf 300 is not at the proximal flexible rod, thereby forming a notch on both sides of the root of the flap leaf, which can facilitate the installation, deployment and closure of the flap leaf 300.

[0062] Preferably, the inner layer skeleton may include a plurality of flexible rods 350, and both ends of each flexible rod 350 may be arranged on the outer layer skeleton, and the arrangement positions of the two ends on the outer layer skeleton do not overlap, so that each flexible rod 350 of the inner layer skeleton can apply opposite opening forces to different positions of the outer layer skeleton, thereby maintaining the overall structure of the outer layer skeleton. Preferably, the plurality of flexible rods 350 of the inner layer skeleton can be staggered in the area defined by the outer layer skeleton to form opening forces in different directions, wherein the plurality of flexible rods 350 of the inner layer skeleton can be divided into a plurality of groups according to their arrangement directions. Preferably, two of the flexible rods 350 of the inner layer skeleton can be staggered in the area defined by the outer layer skeleton, and both ends of the two flexible rods 350 are respectively arranged on the proximal flexible rod and the distal flexible rod, in particular, they are respectively arranged on the connection position between the proximal flexible rod and the adjacent side flexible rod and the connection position between the distal flexible rod and the adjacent side flexible rod. Further preferably, the two flexible rods 350 mentioned above can be divided into different groups as standard flexible rods 350, so that other flexible rods 350 belonging to the same group as any standard flexible rod 350 can be arranged in the area defined by the outer frame in the same setting direction as the standard flexible rod 350. In other words, multiple flexible rods 350 belonging to the same group can be arranged in parallel in the area defined by the outer frame, and can be staggered with multiple flexible rods 350 of other groups, so that multiple flexible rods 350 of the same group can apply the same direction of expansion force to different positions of the outer frame, and the expansion force exerted on the outer frame by staggered arrangement between different groups is roughly balanced, so that the overall structure of the frame of the leaflet 300 is stable. Preferably, in addition to the above two groups, the inner frame can also include flexible rods 350 of other groups.

[0063] Such an arrangement allows the planar structure formed by the skeleton to naturally form a shape with a raised middle area and downwardly bent sides due to the outward expansion force applied by these flexible rods 350, which is more conducive to maintaining the overall structure of the skeleton.

[0064] Preferably, the surface of the planar structure of the skeleton can be covered with a flexible surface layer to prevent the airflow from passing through the area defined by the outer skeleton, thereby forming a complete flap leaf 300, wherein the setting of the flexible surface layer makes the airflow in the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring blocked when it moves to the flexible surface layer of the flap leaf 300, and it needs to deviate from the original forward direction to continue moving forward, thereby realizing the adjustment of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring.

[0065] Preferably, the hinge mechanism 340 can be movably connected to the proximal flexible rod located at the root of the valve leaf 300, wherein the hinge mechanism 340 can be fixed on the inner ring wall surface of the pneumatic hollow cylinder, for example, the hinge mechanism 340 can be bonded to the inner ring wall surface of the pneumatic hollow cylinder by means of ultrasonic welding or the like.

[0066] Preferably, the distal flexible rod located at the tip of the valve leaf 300 may be provided with a detachable retaining mechanism for temporarily abutting and fixing to the inner ring wall of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical body, wherein the detachable retaining mechanism is, for example, Velcro, magnetic or other detachable shape-fitting retaining mechanism.

[0067] Figure 6 and Figure 7300 and the opening and closing component 380. Preferably, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 is provided with an opening and closing component 380 for controlling the opening and closing movement of a single, part or all of the flaps 300, thereby adjusting the outlet cross-sectional area. Preferably, the opening and closing component 380 can be a drive ring, or a plurality of independent drive mechanisms, wherein when a plurality of independent drive mechanisms are provided, independent control of some flaps 300 can be achieved. Optionally, the opening and closing component 380 can control all flaps 300 to perform the corresponding opening and closing movement, can also control some flaps 300 at intervals to perform the corresponding opening and closing movement, and can also independently control a single flap 300 to perform the corresponding opening and closing movement. When controlling the flaps 300, the opening and closing component 380 can ensure that the flaps 300 performing the corresponding opening and closing movement are in a symmetrical relationship in the duct unit 110. For example, the opening and closing component 380 can control half of the flaps 300 in a manner of cyclically spacing one flap 300 to synchronously perform the corresponding opening and closing movement. Further, in the above example, the flaps 300 controlled by the opening and closing component 380 can be arranged in the relatively inner layer, and the flaps 300 not controlled by the opening and closing component 380 can be arranged in the relatively outer layer, so that the flaps 300 in the inner layer can perform the corresponding opening and closing motion in an unobstructed manner, so that all the flaps 300 can have two different adjustment modes. Further, in the above example, the flaps 300 arranged in the relatively inner layer can be further divided into several groups, for example, can be divided into two groups, and the two adjacent flaps 300 located in the inner layer can be respectively classified into different groups, so that the flaps 300 in the first group and the flaps 300 in the second group can be respectively connected to different driving mechanisms to realize independent control, so that all the flaps 300 can have three different adjustment modes. Preferably, for flaps 300 with different adjustment modes, the cutting angles between the side flexible rods and the proximal flexible rods on their skeletons may be different. This is because the flap 300 composed of a number of flexible rods 350 and a double-layer flexible surface layer may have a certain flexibility and may perform corresponding opening and closing movements based on the drive of the opening and closing component 380. The setting of the cutting angle enables the flap 300 to be expanded or folded, and setting cutting angles of different sizes may enable the corresponding flap 300 to have different deformation amplitudes when performing opening and closing movements, thereby forming a variety of different adjustment modes.

[0068] Preferably, the opening and closing component 380 adjusts the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring by controlling the movement of the flap blade 300. The design of the opening and closing component 380 can be customized according to specific needs, such as using mechanical drive, electric drive or pneumatic drive to ensure the reliability and efficiency of the system. Exemplarily, the opening and closing component 380 can use a clutch or a dedicated drive device, and the dedicated drive device can especially use electric drive to achieve precise control.

[0069] Preferably, the opening and closing component 380 may include a pulling rope for connecting to the flap blades 300 and a cable storage drum for retracting the pulling rope, wherein the cable storage drum may drive the flap blades 300 to perform the opening and closing movement by winding or unwinding the pulling rope. The design of the pulling rope and the cable storage drum enables the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 to flexibly adjust the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring. By controlling the retraction and release of the pulling rope, the angle of the flap blades 300 may be accurately adjusted, thereby controlling the strength and speed of the airflow. This design not only improves the adjustment accuracy of the system, but also allows automatic control according to specific needs, further optimizing system performance.

[0070] Preferably, the pulling ropes can be fixed to the blade tips of these flap blades 300 respectively, and these pulling ropes extend from the blade tips of these flap blades 300 toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, so that these flap blades 300 can be driven by the pulling ropes to synchronously rotate toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring to achieve the adjustment of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring. Preferably, a fixed point for connecting with the pulling rope can be provided on the distal flexible rod located at the blade tip of the flap blade 300 to withstand the tension of the pulling rope, wherein the fixed point can be set as a rope buckle 320. Further, the rope buckle 320 can be set at both ends of the distal flexible rod, and the rope buckle 320 can be connected to the pulling rope through a cable 330. Such a setting can ensure that the flap blades 300 rotate synchronously under the drive of the pulling rope, ensure the uniform adjustment of the outlet opening area, and improve the accuracy and stability of airflow control.

[0071] Preferably, the cable storage drum can be arranged at the radial center of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring to wind or unwind the pulling ropes. The design and position of the cable storage drum can be optimized according to the specific needs of the system. Placing it at the radial center of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring can reduce space occupation, optimize system layout, and also help to evenly retract and release the pulling ropes, and improve the accuracy and reliability of adjustment.

[0072] Therefore, the flaps 300 configured for the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 of the present invention can be composed of a skeleton composed of a number of flexible rods 250 and a flexible surface layer wrapped on the skeleton to form a polygonal curved surface structure, wherein, based on the different working states of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220, each flap 300 can have a different size or even a curvature in a different direction. Furthermore, when the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 is in operation, the pulling rope of the opening and closing component 380 connected to the distal flexible rod of the flap leaf 300 may apply a pulling force to the distal flexible rod, so that the proximal flexible rod and the distal flexible rod of the flexible flap leaf 300 are bent toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, and the middle area of ​​the flap leaf 300 (i.e., the area covered by the flexible surface layer) bulges toward the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall to form a curved structure, and the greater the pulling force applied by the pulling rope, the greater the curvature of the flap leaf 300; when the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 is in standby mode, the pulling rope of the opening and closing component 380 connected to the distal flexible rod of the flap leaf 300 may not apply a pulling force to the distal flexible rod, so that the flexible flap leaf 300 may be attached to the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall, and may have a curvature corresponding to the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall. Further preferably, based on the structure of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall, the middle area of ​​the flap 300 attached to the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall (i.e., the area covered by the flexible surface layer) can be raised toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring to form a curved surface structure, and the greater the curvature of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall, the greater the curvature of the flap 300. Since the flap 300 needs to be arranged circumferentially on the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall, the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall itself has a certain curvature, and the setting of the notch reduces the length of the proximal flexible rod of the flap 300, making it easier to fit with the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall, thereby facilitating the installation of the flap 300. The stacking setting of the flap 300 on the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring wall also allows the notches on both sides to be blocked by other adjacent flaps 300, thereby avoiding the situation where the airflow flows through the notch and affects the adjustment effect. In addition, due to the setting of the notch, each flap leaf 300 is more closely connected to the other two adjacent flap leafs 300 , so as to improve the integrity of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 .

[0073] Preferably, the root of the flap leaf 300 (including the proximal flexible rod) can be provided with a relatively thicker structure or reinforcing ribs to withstand the applied force and the pressure brought by the airflow to prevent the root from buckling or breaking. Preferably, the tip of the flap leaf 300 (including the distal flexible rod) is also reinforced because it needs to withstand a large airflow deflection force to ensure that it will not fail under high wind speed conditions. Preferably, the flexible surface layer of the flap leaf 300 can be made of a material with strong wind pressure resistance.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] This embodiment is a further improvement on Embodiment 1, and the repeated contents will not be repeated here.

[0076] The present invention discloses an adjustable duct structure, which comprises: a duct unit 110, which is configured as a pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, which forms a front-to-back through-flow airflow passage from the air inlet to the air outlet; an outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220, which is arranged in the duct unit 110 and is used to adjust the opening area of ​​the air outlet to control the strength of the axial airflow passing through the duct unit 110. Preferably, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 of this embodiment can adopt the configuration method as described in Example 1. Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a duct structure with an outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220.

[0077] Preferably, the duct unit 110 can be arranged in the main unit of the duct structure to penetrate both sides of the connecting device, so that the airflow can reach the other side of the device from one side by passing through the duct unit 110. Preferably, the duct unit 110 arranged in the main unit can be arranged in a manner that the opening area of ​​the air inlet is smaller than the opening area of ​​the air outlet, and the duct unit 110 can have a variable radial size when observed along the axial direction. Further preferably, in the direction from the air inlet to the air outlet, the radial size of the duct unit 110 generally has a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, so that there can be a region with the smallest radial size in the duct unit 110, which can be set as a throat, and the duct unit 110 can be divided into a first region close to the air inlet and a second region close to the air outlet based on the position of the throat, wherein the extreme value difference of the radial size of the first region is smaller than the extreme value difference of the radial size of the second region. Further, the extreme value difference of the radial size refers to the absolute difference obtained by subtracting the minimum value of the radial size from the maximum value of the radial size in the region.

[0078] Preferably, the main unit can be configured as a solid component surrounding the outside of the duct unit 110, and the solid component can include a first side facing the duct unit 110 and a second side facing away from the duct unit 110, wherein the first side can serve as a side wall of the duct unit 110 to define the outline of the duct unit 110. Exemplarily, the main unit can be any ducted wind power generation device, and in particular can be, for example, an aerostat. Preferably, a pitot tube bracket and a pitot tube assembly are also provided in the duct unit 110.

[0079] Preferably, the flaps 300 of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 are rotatably connected to the side wall of the duct unit 110 through the hinge mechanism 340 at the root thereof, so that the tip of the flap 300 can rotate radially toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring from the inner ring wall close to the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the restriction of the hinge mechanism 340. Preferably, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 can control the opening area of ​​the air outlet by adjusting the angle of the flap 300, thereby accurately controlling the airflow intensity and speed in the duct unit 110.

[0080] Preferably, the hinge mechanism 340 can be movably connected to the proximal flexible rod located at the root of the valve leaf 300, wherein the hinge mechanism 340 can be fixed to the side wall surface of the duct unit 110, for example, the hinge mechanism 340 can be bonded to the side wall surface of the duct unit 110 by means of ultrasonic welding or the like.

[0081] Preferably, the distal flexible rod located at the tip of the valve leaf 300 may be provided with a detachable retaining mechanism for temporarily abutting and fixing to the side wall of the duct unit 110, wherein the detachable retaining mechanism is, for example, Velcro, magnetic or other detachable shape-fitting retaining mechanism.

[0082] Preferably, the opening and closing component 380 of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 can be set at the radial center position of the duct unit 110 to synchronously control the opening and closing movement of part or all of the valve blades 300 to adjust the outlet cross-sectional area.

[0083] Preferably, a cable storage drum may be disposed at the radial center of the duct unit 110 for winding or unwinding the pulling ropes.

[0084] Preferably, the adjustable duct structure may further include a control unit 500 for adjusting the opening and closing state of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220, wherein the control unit 500 may generate a corresponding control signal based on the data information obtained by the multiple monitoring units 400. Further, the monitoring unit 400 may include an anemometer, wherein the anemometer may be configured as a Doppler ultrasonic anemometer for obtaining wind speed data. Further preferably, the monitoring unit 400 may set a first anemometer at the air inlet of the duct unit 110 or in the vicinity thereof, and may set a second anemometer at the throat of the duct unit 110 or in the vicinity thereof, so that there is a time difference between the wind speed fluctuation measured by the first anemometer and the wind speed fluctuation measured by the second anemometer. Preferably, the first anemometer measures the wind speed of the airflow that is about to enter the duct unit 110, and the second anemometer measures the wind speed of the airflow in the current duct unit 110, especially in the throat. The automated design of the control unit 500 improves the intelligence level of the system, reduces the need for manual intervention, optimizes the overall performance, can adapt to different wind speed conditions, and maintains the best wind energy conversion efficiency and stability of the aerostat.

[0085] Preferably, the monitoring unit 400 can set the first anemometer and the second anemometer in the following manner: the measuring distance of the first anemometer is greater than the measuring distance of the second anemometer. This is because the wind speed fluctuation measured by the first anemometer can predict the upcoming wind speed fluctuation, so as to set the driving instruction of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 in advance, and the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 of the present invention needs to adopt a line-driven flexible adjustment method to change the cross-sectional area of ​​the air outlet, especially the response speed of the line-driven flexible adjustment method usually takes several seconds to more than ten seconds, so its convergence or expansion requires a certain operation time.

[0086] Preferably, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 can be responsive to the external wind speed V w The signal exceeds the first preset threshold value and performs the operation of converging the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110, so that the cable storage drum is driven to wind up the pulling rope, forcing the corresponding flap blade 300 fixed at its far end to overcome the wind resistance and rotate in the radial center direction toward the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, thereby realizing the convergence of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 through the winding of the pulling rope.

[0087] Furthermore, the end point of the convergence operation can be determined in the following manner: when the air outlet converges to a certain degree, the end point of the convergence operation is determined based on the wind speed in the throat or its vicinity in the duct unit 110 provided by the second anemometer.

[0088] Preferably, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 can be responsive to the external wind speed V w When the signal is lower than the second preset threshold, the operation of expanding the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 is performed, and the cable storage drum allows the pulling rope to be unwound by rotating in the unwinding direction or stopping the power supply to the cable storage drum, resulting in the corresponding flap blades 300 being subjected to the wind force and passively rotating in the radial center direction away from the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the driving action of the airflow, thereby realizing the expansion of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 by the unwinding of the pulling rope.

[0089] Furthermore, the end point of the expansion operation can be determined in the following manner: when the outlet expansion reaches a certain extent, the end point of the expansion operation is determined based on the wind speed in the throat or its vicinity within the duct unit 110 provided by the second anemometer.

[0090] According to a preferred embodiment, the adjustable duct structure of the present invention can be applied to a power generation process, such as a wind power generation process, so as to configure a ducted generator using the adjustable duct structure. Preferably, the main unit of the adjustable duct structure applied to the wind power generation process can be configured as a floating body of an aerostat, so that the aerostat can carry the adjustable duct structure to a high altitude to achieve power generation using the airflow in the high altitude, wherein the high altitude can refer to the stratosphere region, especially the bottom of the stratosphere at an altitude of 9000 to 12000 meters. Preferably, the floating body may include a capsule 140 and a ring wing 210. Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an aerostat equipped with a ducted structure.

[0091] Preferably, the adjustable duct structure is a key component of the aerostat, wherein the shape and design of the duct unit 110 play a vital role in controlling the airflow. The inner ring of the duct unit 110 is designed as an aerodynamic hollow cylinder, which not only helps to optimize the passage of airflow, but also reduces air resistance and improves the speed and stability of airflow. This design also solves the problems of airflow turbulence and energy loss in traditional duct structures, thereby improving the efficiency of the overall system.

[0092] Fig.10 is a partial structural diagram of the duct structure. Preferably, the adjustable duct structure may further include: a generator assembly 124 disposed in the duct unit 110 for converting the kinetic energy of the airflow into electrical energy; a fan 121 disposed in the duct unit 110 for driving the airflow through the duct unit 110 and driving the generator assembly 124 to operate. Preferably, the fan 121 may be disposed in the duct unit 110 via a fixing bracket 123, wherein the fixing bracket 123 may be mounted on the side wall of the duct unit 110.

[0093] Preferably, the generator assembly 124 is the core part of the energy conversion in the adjustable duct structure used in the power generation process. By converting the kinetic energy of the airflow in the duct unit 110 into electrical energy, the aerostat can achieve self-sufficient energy supply in a high-altitude environment. This design not only improves the independence and sustainability of the system, but also reduces the dependence on ground energy.

[0094] Preferably, the generator assembly 124 can be arranged at a specific position in the duct unit 110, which is located near the throat between the air inlet and the air outlet of the duct unit 110, and the throat is located between the geometric center point of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring in the axial length and the air outlet. The throat is a key area where the airflow velocity and pressure change. By arranging the generator assembly 124 near the throat, the kinetic energy of the airflow can be maximized and the energy conversion efficiency can be optimized. By optimizing the position of the generator assembly 124, the kinetic energy of the airflow can be effectively utilized, energy loss can be reduced, and the power output can be improved.

[0095] Preferably, the fan 121 is a horizontal counter-rotating fan, which is arranged in the duct unit 110 in a manner that can rotate with torque offset, and is used to drive the generator assembly 124 to operate. As a key component for driving the airflow in the adjustable duct structure, the fan 121 can drive the air movement in the duct by generating airflow, thereby driving the generator assembly 124 to work. The horizontal counter-rotating fan can effectively offset the torque generated by the fan 121 through bidirectional rotation, thereby reducing the impact on the system. This arrangement allows the fan 121 to not only provide strong airflow, but also control the intensity and direction of the airflow by adjusting the rotation speed of the fan 121, thereby optimizing the performance of the system.

[0096] Preferably, when the adjustable duct structure is equipped with a fan 121, the control unit 500 can automatically adjust the rotation speed of the fan 121 and the opening and closing state of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 according to the airflow conditions and power generation requirements, so as to optimize the conversion efficiency of the airflow kinetic energy and the output power of the generator.

[0097] Preferably, the cable storage drum is configured to obtain driving power from the generator assembly 124, or the cable storage drum is configured with a clutch that can be driven directly or indirectly by the generator assembly 124 or the fan 121, so as to perform the winding or unwinding action of the traction rope. Through this design, the cable storage drum can be operated using the power generated by the system itself, thereby improving the independence and self-sufficiency of the system. At the same time, the cable storage drum can also use the existing fan 121 or generator assembly 124 to drive the cable storage drum, reducing additional energy consumption and equipment complexity. Further, when the cable storage drum is configured with a clutch, it can be connected to the generator assembly 124 or the fan 121 in a controllable on-off manner, so as to use the mechanical energy of the generator assembly 124 or the fan 121 to directly drive the flap blades 300 to complete the convergence operation when the wind speed is high, and when the wind speed is low, it is disconnected from the generator assembly 124 or the fan 121, so as to use the driving effect of the wind to make the flap blades 300 that are released from the traction force to be deployed from the side to the capsule 140 of the duct unit 110. Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of the valve blade 300 and the capsule body 140 of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220.

[0098] Preferably, the data information obtained by the control unit 500 from the monitoring unit 400 may also include the rotation speed and / or temperature of the generator assembly 124, wherein the rotation speed and / or temperature of the generator assembly 124 may be obtained by a corresponding type of sensor. Preferably, the adjustment action of the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 is implemented by the control unit 500, and the control unit 500 is capable of receiving parameters such as wind speed, the rotation speed and temperature of the generator assembly 124, and controlling the action of the cable storage drum according to a preset logic and algorithm. Fig.12 This is the hardware connection diagram of the duct structure. Fig.13 is a control logic diagram of the control unit 500.

[0099] Preferably, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 can be responsive to the external wind speed V w The signal exceeding the first preset threshold or the generator assembly 124 exceeding the first predetermined rotation speed or the first predetermined temperature performs the operation of converging the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110, so that the cable storage drum is driven to wind up the pulling rope, forcing the corresponding petal blade 300 fixed at its far end to overcome the wind resistance and rotate in the radial center direction toward the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, thereby realizing the convergence of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 through the winding of the pulling rope. This automatic adjustment mechanism ensures that in the case of extreme wind speed or generator overload, the system can protect the generator assembly 124 by reducing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 to avoid overheating or damage, while maintaining the stable operation of the system.

[0100] Furthermore, the end point of the convergence operation can be determined in the following manner: when the air outlet converges to a certain degree, the end point of the convergence operation is determined according to the wind speed of the throat or the vicinity thereof in the duct unit 110 provided by the second anemometer. Preferably, the control target of the control unit 500 is to keep the generator assembly 124 within the rated speed.

[0101] Preferably, the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220 can be responsive to the external wind speed V w The signal of the generator assembly 124 being lower than the second preset threshold or the generator assembly 124 being lower than the second predetermined rotation speed or the second predetermined temperature is used to expand the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110, and the cable storage drum is rotated in the unwinding direction or the pulling rope is allowed to unwind when the power supply to the cable storage drum is stopped, so that the corresponding petal blade 300 is subjected to the wind force and passively rotates in the radial center direction away from the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the driving action of the airflow, thereby expanding the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 through the unwinding of the pulling rope. This design enables the system to improve the utilization rate of the airflow kinetic energy by expanding the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 when the wind speed is low or the power generation demand is reduced, optimize the power generation efficiency, and reduce energy waste.

[0102] Furthermore, the end point of the expansion operation can be determined in the following manner: when the outlet expansion reaches a certain degree, the end point of the expansion operation is determined according to the wind speed of the throat or the vicinity thereof in the duct unit 110 provided by the second anemometer. Preferably, the control target of the control unit 500 is to keep the generator assembly 124 within the rated speed.

[0103] Preferably, the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold are set according to the optimal working efficiency and safety requirements of the generator assembly 124. Preferably, the first predetermined speed and the second predetermined speed are set according to the rated working speed and overload protection requirements of the generator assembly 124. Preferably, the first predetermined temperature and the second predetermined temperature are set according to the normal working temperature range and overheat protection requirements of the generator assembly 124.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] This embodiment is a further improvement of Embodiment 1 and / or 2, and the repeated contents will not be repeated here.

[0106] According to a preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a duct adjustment method, in particular, a method for adjusting the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 of the adjustable duct structure as described in Example 1, wherein the adjustment method can preferably be used in the process of applying the adjustable duct structure to wind power generation.

[0107] Preferably, the method may include the following steps: adjusting the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 by using the flap blade 300 of the hinge mechanism rotatably fixed on the side wall of the duct unit 110 configured by the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220.

[0108] Preferably, the method may include one or more of the following steps:

[0109] By driving the cable storage drum to wind the pulling rope, the flap blade 300 fixed at the distal end of the pulling rope overcomes the wind resistance and rotates toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, thereby reducing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110;

[0110] By allowing the cable storage drum to rotate in the unwinding direction or stopping the power supply to the cable storage drum, the flap blades 300 are rotated toward the radial center direction away from the aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the action of wind force, thereby increasing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110.

[0111] Preferably, the method may include the following steps: based on the monitored wind speed, rotation speed and temperature, starting the outlet cross-sectional area reduction mechanism of the duct unit 110 to reduce the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 by using the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220; and / or starting the outlet cross-sectional area expansion mechanism of the duct unit 110 to increase the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 by using the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit 220.

[0112] Further preferably, the duct adjustment method may include one or more of the following steps:

[0113] a. monitoring external environmental conditions and the operating state of the generator assembly 124, wherein the external environmental conditions may include wind speed, and the operating state of the generator assembly 124 may include speed and temperature;

[0114] b. comparing the monitored wind speed with a first preset threshold, and comparing the monitored rotation speed and temperature with respective first predetermined values;

[0115] c. When the wind speed exceeds the first preset threshold or the rotation speed and temperature exceed the first predetermined value, the outlet cross-sectional area reduction mechanism of the duct unit 110 is activated, that is, step d is executed, otherwise step e is executed;

[0116] d. By driving the cable storage drum to wind the pull rope, the flap blade 300 fixed at the distal end of the pull rope overcomes the wind resistance and rotates toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, thereby reducing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110;

[0117] e. comparing the monitored wind speed with a second preset threshold, and comparing the monitored rotation speed and temperature with respective second predetermined values;

[0118] f. When the wind speed is lower than the second preset threshold or the speed and temperature are lower than the second predetermined value, the outlet cross-sectional area expansion mechanism of the duct unit 110 is started, that is, step g is executed, otherwise step h is executed;

[0119] g. By allowing the cable storage drum to rotate in the unwinding direction or stopping the power supply to the cable storage drum, the flap blade 300 rotates in the radial direction away from the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the action of wind, thereby increasing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110;

[0120] h. Repeat steps a to g to achieve continuous automatic adjustment of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110.

[0121] The above method can realize continuous and automatic adjustment of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 to adapt to different wind speed conditions and maintain the best wind energy conversion efficiency and stability of the aerostat.

[0122] Preferably, when the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 is adjusted, the end point of the operation can be determined in the following manner: when the cross-sectional area of ​​the air outlet is adjusted to a certain extent, the end point of the operation is determined according to the wind speed of the throat or the vicinity thereof in the duct unit 110 provided by the second anemometer. Preferably, the control target of the control unit 500 is to keep the generator assembly 124 within the rated speed.

[0123] Preferably, the control unit 500 further includes a feedback mechanism for adjusting the adjustment speed and accuracy of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit 110 in real time to adapt to changes in external environmental conditions.

[0124] It should be noted that the above-mentioned specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can come up with various solutions inspired by the disclosure of the present invention, and these solutions also belong to the disclosure scope of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention specification and its drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation of the claims. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. The present invention specification contains multiple inventive concepts, such as "preferably" or "according to a preferred embodiment", which means that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept, and the applicant reserves the right to file a divisional application based on each inventive concept. Throughout the text, the features guided by "preferably" are only an optional method and should not be understood as a must-have setting. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. An adjustable duct structure, characterized in that: include: The duct unit (110) is a pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring formed by the floating body of the aerostat, and the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring can form a front-to-back through-flow airflow channel from the air inlet to the air outlet; A generator assembly (124) is disposed in the duct unit (110) and is used to convert the kinetic energy of the airflow into electrical energy; a fan, disposed in the duct unit (110), for driving airflow through the duct unit (110) and driving the generator assembly (124) to operate; The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220) is disposed in the duct unit (110) and is used to adjust the opening area of ​​the air outlet to control the strength of the axial airflow passing through the duct unit (110).

2. The adjustable duct structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The generator assembly (124) is arranged at a specific position in the duct unit (110), and the specific position is located near the throat between the air inlet and the air outlet of the duct unit (110), and the throat is located between the geometric center point of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring in the axial length and the air outlet.

3. The adjustable duct structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fan is a horizontal counter-rotating fan, which is arranged in the duct unit (110) in a manner of being rotatable with torque offset, and is used to drive the generator assembly (124) to operate.

4. The adjustable duct structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220) comprises a plurality of flap blades (300), each of which is rotatably connected to the inner ring wall of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical shape through a hinge mechanism at its root, so that the tip of the flap blade (300) can rotate radially toward the radial center direction of the inner ring of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical shape, starting from the inner ring wall of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical shape.

5. The adjustable duct structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The flap leaf (300) is formed by expanding the skeleton inside its geometric shape, and the skeleton is composed of a group of flexible rods (350) that form a planar structure by applying an expanding force outward, wherein the planar structure formed by the skeleton is formed in a shape with a raised middle area and downwardly bent on both sides due to the expanding force applied outward by these flexible rods (350), and notches are set on both sides of the proximal flexible rods (350) located at the bottom of the flap leaf (300) in a manner with a preset cutting angle.

6. The adjustable duct structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The surface of the planar structure of the skeleton is coated with a flexible surface layer to prevent the airflow from passing through the area defined by the outer skeleton, thereby forming a complete flap leaf (300), wherein the setting of the flexible surface layer makes it possible for the airflow in the duct unit (110) to be blocked in its forward direction when it moves to the flexible surface layer of the flap leaf (300), and the airflow needs to deviate from the original forward direction in order to continue to move forward, thereby achieving the adjustment of the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit (110).

7. The adjustable duct structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220) comprises an opening and closing component arranged at the radial center position of the duct unit (110), and is used to synchronously control the opening and closing movement of part or all of the flap blades (300) to adjust the opening area of ​​the air outlet, wherein the opening and closing component comprises a pulling rope and a cable storage drum for retracting the pulling rope, and the cable storage drum drives the flap blades (300) to perform the opening and closing movement by winding or unwinding the pulling rope.

8. The adjustable duct structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220) is equipped with or connected to a corresponding monitoring unit and a control unit. The monitoring unit is used to determine whether the wind speed exceeds a first preset threshold value or is lower than a second preset threshold value, or monitor whether the generator assembly (124) exceeds a first preset rotation speed or a first preset temperature, or is lower than a second preset rotation speed or a second preset temperature. The monitoring unit sends the monitored signal to the control unit, and the control unit instructs the cable storage drum to perform corresponding movements according to the received signal.

9. The adjustable duct structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220) performs an operation of converging the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit (110) in response to a signal that the external wind speed exceeds a first preset threshold value or that the generator assembly (124) exceeds a first predetermined rotation speed or a first predetermined temperature, so that the cable storage drum is driven to wind up the pulling rope, forcing the corresponding petal blade (300) fixed at its far end to overcome wind resistance and rotate in a radial direction toward the radial center of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring.

10. The adjustable duct structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220) performs an operation of expanding the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit (110) in response to a signal that the external wind speed is lower than a second preset threshold value or the generator assembly (124) is lower than a second predetermined rotation speed or a second predetermined temperature, and the cable storage drum allows the pulling rope to unwind by rotating in an unwinding direction or stopping the power supply to the cable storage drum, so that the corresponding flap blade (300) is subjected to the action of wind force and passively rotates in a radial direction away from the center of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the driving action of the airflow.

11. A ducted wind turbine, characterized in that: include: A duct unit (110) is formed by a pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring formed by the floating body of the aerostat, forming a front-to-back through-flow airflow passage from the air inlet to the air outlet, wherein the opening area of ​​the air inlet is smaller than the opening area of ​​the air outlet; A generator assembly (124) is disposed inside the duct structure and is located near the throat between the air inlet and the air outlet; At least one torque-compensating fan (121) is disposed inside the duct structure and is used to drive the generator assembly (124) to operate; An outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220) is composed of a plurality of flap blades (300), wherein the flap blades (300) are rotatably fixed at their roots to a hinge mechanism on the inner ring wall of a pneumatic hollow cylinder.

12. A duct adjustment method for adjusting the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​a duct unit (110) of an adjustable duct structure or a ducted wind turbine, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: The outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit (110) is adjusted by using the flap blade (300) of the hinge mechanism configured by the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220) and rotatably fixed on the side wall of the duct unit (110).

13. The duct adjustment method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The method comprises one or more of the following steps: By driving the cable storage drum to wind the pulling rope, the flap blade (300) fixed at the far end of the pulling rope overcomes wind resistance and rotates toward the radial center direction of the pneumatic hollow cylindrical inner ring, thereby reducing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit (110); By allowing the cable storage drum to rotate in the unwinding direction or stopping the power supply to the cable storage drum, the flap blades (300) are rotated in the radial direction away from the aerodynamic hollow cylindrical inner ring under the action of wind force, thereby increasing the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit (110).

14. The duct adjustment method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Based on the monitored wind speed, rotation speed and temperature, the outlet cross-sectional area reduction mechanism of the duct unit (110) is activated to reduce the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit (110) by using the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220); and / or the outlet cross-sectional area expansion mechanism of the duct unit (110) is activated to increase the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the duct unit (110) by using the outlet cross-sectional area adjustment unit (220).

Images