Broadband wide-beam microstrip dipole antenna and processing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband wide-beam microstrip dipole antenna and a processing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of antennas. Comprising an antenna substrate and a metal bottom plate, the antenna substrate is installed on the metal bottom plate and is mutually orthogonal to the metal bottom plate, a microstrip dipole and a folding oscillator arm are arranged on the front face of the antenna substrate, and a feed balun is arranged on the back face of the antenna substrate and penetrates through the metal bottom plate to be connected with a feed signal source. A feed signal source passes through the metal bottom plate and is connected with the microstrip dipole antenna; the feed balun and the microstrip dipole line are insulated from each other. The number of the folding oscillator arms is two, and the folding oscillator arms are symmetrical relative to the center of the microstrip dipole line. On the basis that the basic microstrip form of the microstrip dipole antenna is not changed, the problem that the E-plane beam width of a traditional dipole antenna is narrow is effectively solved through the mode that the annular parasitic branches are introduced into the tail ends of the two oscillator arms of the dipole antenna, and meanwhile it is guaranteed that the microstrip antenna is low in machining difficulty, low in cost and small in size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and in particular relates to a wide bandwidth beam microstrip dipole antenna and a processing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Dipole antennas have the characteristics of simple structure, easy manufacturing and good impedance matching. They are currently widely used in communication, navigation, radar, electronic warfare and other systems. With the development of informatization, various fields have higher and higher requirements for antenna beam width. The navigation system must obtain stable communication performance and high positioning accuracy, which depends on the wide bandwidth beam width in the radiation direction of the antenna itself; in vehicle radar systems and drone radar systems, the antenna needs a wide enough beam width to detect targets within a large field of view to maximize the coverage of the information reading area and avoid collision accidents; the beam range that can be detected by the missile radar system also depends on the beam width of the antenna; for electronic warfare systems, the wider the bandwidth, the more full-band interception is one of the key requirements of the system.

[0003] However, traditional dipole antennas usually have a good pattern shape within a specific narrow range, with a relatively narrow bandwidth, making it difficult to achieve wide-band coverage. At the same time, the dipole antenna has an "○"-shaped pattern on its H plane, a wide beam width, and good beam coverage capability, while its E-plane radiation pattern is "∞"-shaped, that is, it presents two main radiation maxima on the horizontal plane, and a narrow beam width, which cannot be used in scenarios requiring omnidirectional coverage or multi-directional communication.

[0004] The main solutions to the problem that the traditional dipole antenna E-plane beam width is too narrow to achieve wide-angle coverage are as follows:

[0005] 1. Use array scanning technology: multiple dipole antennas are arranged in a certain way to form an array, and the beam direction is controlled by phase and amplitude weighting to achieve wide-angle coverage. The disadvantage is that array technology will increase the complexity and cost of the system, and the array size is large.

[0006] 2. Use loading technology: Loading resistance or inductance elements on certain parts of the dipole antenna can change its current distribution, thereby expanding the beam width. The disadvantage is that while the loading technology widens the E-plane beam width of the antenna, it may affect other performance parameters of the antenna, such as gain, bandwidth or input impedance. Therefore, when using the loading technology, it is necessary to weigh the impact on other performance parameters.

[0007] Therefore, researching and developing a dipole antenna technology with a simple structure, low cost, wider E-plane beam width, enhanced omnidirectionality and better anti-interference ability has become an important research direction in the field of wireless communications. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna and a processing method thereof, which effectively solves the problem of narrow E-plane beam width of traditional dipole antenna by introducing annular parasitic branches at the ends of the two dipole arms of the dipole antenna without changing the basic microstrip form of the microstrip dipole antenna, while ensuring the characteristics of low processing difficulty, low cost and small size of the microstrip antenna.

[0009] The above purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present invention first provides a wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna, comprising an antenna substrate and a metal base plate. The antenna substrate is mounted on the metal base plate and is orthogonal to the metal base plate. A microstrip dipole and a folded dipole arm are arranged on the front side of the antenna substrate. A feeding balun is arranged on the back side of the antenna substrate and is connected to a feeding signal source through the metal base plate. The feeding signal source is connected to the feeding balun through the metal base plate. The feeding balun is insulated from the microstrip dipole line. Two folded dipole arms are arranged and are symmetrical relative to the center of the microstrip dipole line.

[0011] Furthermore, the folded vibrator arm is in the shape of a rectangular ring with an unclosed end.

[0012] Furthermore, a rectangular slit is opened in the central part of the microstrip dipole line to divide the microstrip dipole line into left and right parts, and the left and right parts of the microstrip dipole line are symmetrical with respect to the center of the rectangular slit.

[0013] Furthermore, the microstrip dipole line includes a microstrip dipole antenna dipole arm in the middle and a branch section at each end, and the two folded dipole arms are connected to the microstrip dipole antenna dipole arm through a branch section respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, the feeding balun is composed of three sections of lines with different widths, and the line width decreases from the feeding signal source to the end of the feeding balun.

[0015] Furthermore, the length of the dipole line is 0.45 ,in is the working wavelength of the antenna, , where is the equivalent dielectric constant of the antenna substrate, , is the relative dielectric constant of the antenna substrate, is the thickness of the antenna substrate, W1 is the width of the antenna substrate; the width W1 of the antenna substrate is 0.85 ; The height L1 of the antenna substrate is 0.6 ; The microstrip dipole antenna arm width W2 is 0.43 The length L2 of the microstrip dipole antenna arm is 0.13 ; The width W3 of the folded vibrator arm is 0.2 , the length of the folded vibrator arm L3 is 0.4 The distance between the microstrip dipole antenna arm and the metal base plate is 0.4 .

[0016] The present invention also provides a processing method for a wide bandwidth beam microstrip dipole antenna, which comprises using a mold to cut a dielectric material into a specified shape and size as an antenna substrate, using a conductor material to make a microstrip dipole line, a folded dipole arm, and a feed balun, which are printed or attached to the antenna substrate, and finally installing a combined feed signal source and a metal base plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: The present invention effectively solves the problem of narrow E-plane (i.e., azimuth plane) beam width of traditional dipole antennas without changing the basic microstrip form of the microstrip dipole antenna; the present invention achieves a 3db gain drop within the ±60° range of the antenna E-plane, and the antenna relative bandwidth reaches 77%; the present invention has the advantages of low processing difficulty, low cost, and small size. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a wide bandwidth dipole antenna of the present invention (front view); Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a wide bandwidth dipole antenna of the present invention (rear view); Figure 3 The dimensions of the front parts of the microstrip dipole antenna of the present invention are marked; Figure 4 Input standing wave curve diagram of the antenna port of the present invention; Figure 5 The E-plane and H-plane gain patterns of the antenna of the present invention when the operating frequency is 8 GHz; Figure 6 The E-plane and H-plane gain patterns of the antenna of the present invention when the operating frequency is 13 GHz; Figure 7 The E-plane and H-plane gain patterns of the antenna of the present invention when the operating frequency is 16 GHz; Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. microstrip dipole line; 2. folded dipole arm; 3. antenna substrate; 4. metal base plate; 5. feeding signal source; 6. feeding balun. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, a wide bandwidth beam microstrip dipole antenna and a processing method thereof proposed by the present invention are described in detail with reference to a specific embodiment.

[0020] This embodiment provides a wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , including a microstrip dipole line 1, a folded dipole arm 2, an antenna substrate 3, a metal bottom plate 4, a feed signal source 5, and a feed balun 6. The microstrip dipole antenna is installed on the metal bottom plate, the front side of the antenna substrate 3 is provided with a microstrip dipole line 1 and a folded dipole arm 2, and the back side thereof is provided with a feed balun 6 which passes through the metal bottom plate 4 and is connected to the feed signal source 5, and the feed signal source 5 passes through the metal bottom plate 4 and is connected to the feed balun 6.

[0021] Specifically, the antenna includes: an antenna substrate mounted on a metal base plate and orthogonal to the metal base plate, a microstrip dipole line electrically connected to the metal base plate, a feed balun and the microstrip dipole line insulated from each other, and two folded dipole arms 2 symmetrical with respect to the center of the microstrip dipole line.

[0022] A rectangular slit is opened in the center of the microstrip dipole line, dividing the microstrip dipole line into two parts, the left part and the right part, and the microstrip dipole line is symmetrical with respect to the center of the rectangular slit.

[0023] The shape of the folded vibrator arm 2 is similar to a rectangular ring with an unclosed end, and the end of the rectangular ring is kept at a certain distance from the starting point.

[0024] The microstrip dipole line 1 includes a microstrip dipole antenna arm in the middle and a branch at each end. Two folded dipole arms 2 are connected to the microstrip dipole antenna arm through a branch respectively, and the remaining annular part keeps a certain distance from the microstrip dipole line.

[0025] The feed balun consists of three sections of lines with different widths, and the line width decreases from the feed signal source to the end of the feed balun.

[0026] Antenna operating wavelength for (1), In formula (1), (2), In formula (2), the relative dielectric constant of the antenna substrate 3 is taken as =3, is the thickness of the antenna substrate, w is the width of the antenna substrate 3, and is calculated by formula (2) =3.1, the arm length of the classic microstrip dipole is 0.5 In the present invention, since the ends of the two radiation arms are both introduced with folded dipole arms, the length of the microstrip dipole radiation arm is reduced by about 10%, and is taken as 0.45 .

[0027] Figure 3The dimensions of the front part of the microstrip dipole antenna are marked. In this embodiment, the antenna substrate width W1 is 0.85 ; The antenna substrate width L1 is 0.6 ; The width of the microstrip dipole antenna arm W2 is 0.43 , the length of the microstrip dipole antenna arm L2 is 0.13 ; The folded vibrator arm width W3 is 0.2 , the length of the folded vibrator arm L3 is 0.4 ; The distance between the microstrip dipole antenna arm and the metal base plate is 0.4 .

[0028] Figure 4 This is the input standing wave curve of the microstrip dipole antenna port. It can be seen that the antenna has a good matching effect in the 8-18GHz operating frequency band.

[0029] Figure 5 The E-plane (azimuth plane) and H-plane (elevation plane) gain radiation patterns of the microstrip dipole antenna at 8GHz. It can be seen that the E-plane and H-plane beamwidths of the antenna are 177° and 168° respectively, which are much larger than traditional microstrip dipole antennas.

[0030] Figure 6 The E-plane and H-plane gain radiation patterns of the microstrip dipole antenna at 12GHz. It can be seen that the E-plane and H-plane beam widths of the antenna are 193° and 198° respectively, which are much larger than the traditional microstrip dipole antenna.

[0031] Figure 7 The E-plane and H-plane gain radiation patterns of the microstrip dipole antenna at 18 GHz. It can be seen that the E-plane and H-plane beam widths of the antenna are 128° and 106° respectively, which are much larger than the traditional microstrip dipole antenna.

[0032] It can be seen that the wide bandwidth beam microstrip dipole antenna of the present invention has a good matching effect in the 8-18 GHz operating frequency band. At the same time, the E-plane and H-plane beam widths of the antenna are much larger than those of traditional dipole antennas, achieving large-angle coverage in two dimensions of antenna azimuth and elevation.

[0033] The processing method of the wide bandwidth beam microstrip dipole antenna of the present invention is simple. First, a dielectric material is cut into a specified shape and size as an antenna substrate using a mold, and then a microstrip dipole line, a folded dipole arm, and a feed balun are made of a conductor material and printed or attached to the antenna substrate. Finally, a combined feed signal source and a metal base plate are installed.

[0034] According to the above method, a batch of wide bandwidth beam microstrip dipole antennas are made, and two antennas are randomly selected as the antennas under test, named 1# antenna and 2# antenna respectively. The test laboratory meets the general requirements of GJB2725-2001 test laboratory and calibration laboratory. The test system is a far-field test system, that is, the antenna under test is installed on the antenna test stand, and the signal is sent through the transmitting antenna. The 1# antenna is connected to the receiving channel of the test system through the adapter cable. Adjust the antenna under test to align the optical axis. Start the test, and collect the azimuth plane horizontal and vertical polarization amplitude and phase data of the antenna under test with a metal shell through a vector network analyzer. After the test is completed, remove the 1# antenna and install the 2# antenna on the test fixture. Connect the 2# antenna to the receiving channel of the test system through a cable, start the test, and collect the azimuth plane horizontal and vertical polarization of the antenna under test in the metal shell.

[0035] Test data processing: The test level of the antenna under test at a certain frequency and azimuth is denoted as P. 测 The maximum test value of the standard gain horn antenna at this frequency is P 标 , then the gain value of the antenna under test at this frequency and azimuth is: G 测 = G 标 -P 标 + P 测， Where: G 标 is the actual gain value of the standard gain horn antenna at this frequency (known); G 测 is the gain value of the antenna under test at this frequency and azimuth (to be determined).

[0036] The test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1: Antenna gain statistics

[0037] Test conclusion: According to the comparison between the antenna simulation and test results, the antenna simulated normal direction gain is larger than the measured gain, but the simulated antenna beam width is narrower and the measured beam width is wider. The measured gain is higher at large angles.

[0038] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises an antenna substrate (3) and a metal base plate (4), wherein the antenna substrate (3) is mounted on the metal base plate (4) and is mutually orthogonal to the metal base plate (4); a microstrip dipole line (1) and a folded dipole arm (2) are arranged on the front side of the antenna substrate (3); a feeding balun (6) is arranged on the back side of the antenna substrate (3) and passes through the metal base plate (4) to be connected to a feeding signal source (5); the feeding signal source (5) passes through the metal base plate (4) to be connected to the feeding balun (6); the feeding balun (6) and the microstrip dipole line (1) are mutually insulated; two folded dipole arms (2) are arranged and are symmetrical with respect to the center of the microstrip dipole line (1).

2. A wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The folded vibrator arm (2) is in the shape of a rectangular ring with an unclosed end.

3. The wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rectangular slit is opened in the central part of the microstrip dipole line (1), dividing the microstrip dipole line (1) into left and right parts, and the left and right parts of the microstrip dipole line (1) are symmetrical with respect to the center of the rectangular slit.

4. A wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microstrip dipole line (1) comprises a microstrip dipole antenna dipole arm located in the middle and a branch section located at each end, and two folded dipole arms (2) are respectively connected to the microstrip dipole antenna dipole arm via a branch section.

5. The wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding balun (6) is composed of three sections of lines with different widths, and the line width decreases from the feeding signal source (5) to the end of the feeding balun (6).

6. A wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The length of the dipole line (1) is taken as 0.45 ,in is the working wavelength of the antenna, , where is the equivalent dielectric constant of the antenna substrate (3), , is the relative dielectric constant of the antenna substrate (3), is the thickness of the antenna substrate (3), W1 is the width of the antenna substrate (3); the width W1 of the antenna substrate (3) is 0.85 ; The height L1 of the antenna substrate (3) is 0.6 ; The microstrip dipole antenna arm width W2 is 0.43 The length L2 of the microstrip dipole antenna arm is 0.13 The width W3 of the folded vibrator arm (2) is 0.2 , the length L3 of the folded vibrator arm (2) is 0.4 The distance between the microstrip dipole antenna arm and the metal base plate (4) is 0.4 .

7. A method for processing a wide bandwidth microstrip dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises using a mold to cut a dielectric material into a specified shape and size as an antenna substrate (3), using a conductor material to make a microstrip dipole line (1), a folded dipole arm (2), and a feeding balun (6), which are printed or attached to the antenna substrate (3), and finally installing a combined feeding signal source (5) and a metal base plate (4).

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