Dwarf close-planting high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Wanku apricot

Abstract

The invention discloses a dwarfing, close planting, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tang Wanku apricots, and relates to the technical field of cultivation of Wanku apricots. S2, nursery stock selection; s3, soil preparation and planting; s4, shaping and pruning; s5, disease and pest control; s6, water and fertilizer management; and S7, low-temperature damage prevention. The dwarfing and close planting cultivation method for the Tang Wanku apricot is high in survival rate, low in pest and disease damage occurrence rate and high in yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed-wrapped apricot cultivation, and in particular to a dwarfing, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tangwang seed-wrapped apricot. Background Art

[0002] Tangwang Hexagonal Apricot is a fine apricot variety produced in Tangwangchuan, Dongxiang County, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province. After more than 400 years of cultivation, it has rich nutritional value and medicinal effects.

[0003] In recent years, in order to expand the scale of apricot planting and achieve high yields and increased income, it is necessary to mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for planting apricot trees. However, farmers generally lack scientific cultivation techniques for apricots, and their management is extensive, resulting in low survival rates of seedlings, serious pests and diseases, and low yields, which greatly affects farmers' enthusiasm for cultivation.

[0004] Dwarfing and dense planting of fruit trees is the development direction of fruit tree cultivation, which has the advantages of saving land, reducing costs, increasing yield, improving quality, and dwarfing trees for easy management. Based on this, it is very meaningful to develop a dwarfing and dense planting cultivation method for Tangwang Baohe apricot with high seedling survival rate and high yield. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a dwarfing, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tangwang Baohe apricot.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tangwang Baohe apricot by dwarfing and dense planting, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1: Orchard site selection: Choose a plot that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with high terrain, good drainage, deep soil, high organic matter content, and good irrigation conditions; avoid low-lying areas and valleys that are prone to radiation frost, and avoid building an orchard in an old orchard where stone fruit trees were planted in the previous crop; avoid the occurrence of "replant disease", and avoid the original planting holes when replanting, and pay attention to removing residual roots, filling the pits with extra soil, and adding organic fertilizers.

[0007] S2: Selection of seedlings: Select seedlings of pure varieties, good healing of grafting points, no mechanical injuries, strong branches without diseases and insect pests, and well-developed root systems; more and complete fibrous roots, short and straight main roots, and more lateral roots and fibrous roots within a certain range close to the root neck. After lifting the seedlings, the large root system should not be split. If necessary, prune the roots and branches, cut off the rotten roots, and cut off the new stubble and excessive branches at the split to improve the survival rate of planting. Since the growth of Tangwang Hexing seedlings is small, large seedlings should be selected for planting. Seedlings with a ground diameter of more than 2 cm, full lateral buds, a height of not less than 0.6 m, and no less than 2 branches should be selected. Such seedlings have fast seedlings, early fruiting, and strong yield. When selecting seedling sources, it is best to use the nearest seedlings in the local area and lift them as they are planted. If the soil in the nursery is dry, water them once in advance, which not only saves labor and effort but also is not easy to damage the roots, thereby improving the survival rate of planting.

[0008] Before planting, dip the roots in 1000 times diluted ABT rooting powder No. 3 for 30 seconds or dip the roots in mud to keep them moisturized, which will help maintain root vitality and promote the growth of new roots.

[0009] S3: Land preparation and planting: Before planting, loosen the soil and weed the orchard, then lay out the rows and dig holes according to a certain planting density, determine the planting pits for the seedlings, and then choose the appropriate planting period for planting; when planting, first spread the fully decomposed farmyard manure mixed with the topsoil in the dug planting pits, and then water the pits before planting; after planting, fill the planting pits with mature soil, water immediately, and straighten the fallen seedlings, and finally cover the roots of the seedlings with mulch (to retain moisture, increase ground temperature, promote new roots, and seedling growth), and water in time according to the soil moisture conditions (avoid watering too many times, too much water will reduce the ground temperature, poor ventilation will cause root rot, and reduce the survival rate of the seedlings); The density of dwarfing and dense planting should be considered according to various factors such as soil fertility, management level, mechanized farming management level, variety and consumption direction, sightseeing and picking in the apricot garden. Generally, the land is flat, fertile, and has good fertilizer and water conditions. Because under good conditions, the tree grows fast, the apricot garden is prone to early closure. Tangwang Baohe apricot is a variety with strong growth, open tree posture, and fresh food. The appearance quality of apricots is relatively high. Too dense planting will affect the coloring of the fruit. At the same time, the implementation of farming, pest control, tree pruning, sightseeing and picking in the apricot garden should also be considered. Too dense planting will bring many inconveniences to management and affect economic benefits, so it is not suitable to be too dense. Based on the above reasons, under the current management level, a plant spacing of 3-3.5m×3-4m is adopted.

[0010] S4: Shaping and pruning: After planting, the seedlings should be trimmed in time. When trimming, the cut buds should be selected on the side of the local main wind direction. There should be 3-5 full buds below the cut, which is called the shaping zone. All buds below the shaping zone should be removed. The main tree shape is the main trunk sparse layer shape: 5-7 main branches, divided into 3 layers, 2-3 in the first layer, 2 in the second layer, and 1-2 in the third layer; the extension direction of each main branch should be staggered to avoid crossing or overlapping, and each main branch should be equipped with 2-3 side branches; After the seedlings germinate, the buds on the lower part of the trunk should be removed as soon as possible to facilitate the normal growth of the branches after shaping, and pesticides should be applied in time to prevent damage by bud (leaf) eating pests.

[0011] Benefits of shaping and pruning: Through reasonable shaping and pruning, the Tangwang Baohe apricot tree can be cultivated into a tree with good structure, firm skeleton, uniform crown size, and achieve full light transmission, reasonable tree nutrient distribution to achieve early fruiting and improve fruit quality, increase the rate of high-quality fruit, and achieve a dwarfed, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield tree structure effect. The pruning period can also be: pruning after germination in spring, before leaf fall in autumn, and during the summer growing season.

[0012] Principles of shaping and pruning: The shaping and pruning of Tangwang Baohe Apricot should be based on its variety characteristics, tree age and growth, pruning response, natural conditions, etc. and follow the principles of pruning according to the tree and shaping according to the branches; taking into account both overall and comprehensive considerations, combining long and short, focusing on lightness, and combining lightness and heaviness. The more mature tree shape is the natural open heart shape and the main trunk multi-layer open heart shape, which is generally achieved by removing buds, pinching and cutting tips, twisting tips, scissoring, retracting, and thinning branches.

[0013] S5: Pest and disease control: Focus on prevention and conduct integrated control; Based on agricultural prevention and control, biological control, physical control and chemical control are combined to control pests and diseases economically, safely and effectively.

[0014] The main diseases and pests that harm Tangwang Baohe apricots are the following: pear borer, peach borer, etc. damage the fruits; apricot scale and mulberry white scale damage the branches and trunks; peach aphid, apple yellow aphid, apricot carbuncle disease, etc. damage the leaves.

[0015] Prevention is the main approach in prevention, eliminating pests and diseases in the bud, reducing the number of pesticide applications, using broad-spectrum insecticides as little as possible, and using more physical control methods to protect and utilize natural enemies to achieve the best prevention and control results.

[0016] S6: Water and fertilizer management: After planting, loosen the soil and weed 4-5 times a year, irrigate when there is drought, and do a good job of replanting; spray 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves twice in July and August to increase growth; irrigate 3-5 times throughout the year, and irrigate in winter after the leaves are in full bloom; S7: Prevention of low temperature damage: Apricot trees often suffer from low temperature damage due to the return of cold in spring. Flower buds and young fruits fall off in large quantities due to the sudden drop in temperature below zero, which seriously affects the yield of apricot trees that year. Therefore, the following measures are often taken in production for prevention: Use wheat straw, dead branches and fallen leaves to fumigate the orchard when the weather suddenly turns cold in early spring to slow down the temperature change; irrigate in early spring to delay the budding and flowering of apricot trees; spray B-9 and Qingxiansu before budding and flowering to delay flowering; whitewash the tree trunks before budding to reflect sunlight, delay the increase in tree temperature, and delay flowering by 3-5 days; before frost occurs, spray phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on flowering apricot trees to increase the cell sap concentration of the flowers to increase their frost resistance.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the stone fruit tree is one of peach, plum and apricot.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S3, the appropriate planting period is from the time the soil thaws in spring to before budding or from the time the leaves fall in autumn to before the ground freezes; the planting density is: plant spacing 3-3.5m, row spacing 3-4m; the specification of the planting pit is 50cm×50cm×50cm; the application amount of farmyard manure is 10kg / planting pit.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S3, the planting method is intercropping of apricots and grains, specifically planting potatoes, beans or low-stalked oil plants between the rows of apricot trees. The land can be fully utilized, which has a good effect on the growth of apricot trees. When fertilizing, loosening the soil and irrigating the intercrops, the apricot trees are also nourished. The tall tree body and luxuriant branches and leaves of the apricot trees play a good protective role for the intercrops, and better economic and ecological benefits can be achieved, achieving a bumper harvest of apricots and grains.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, the trunk height is set to 60-80 cm; in the main trunk sparse layer shape, the distance between main branches in a layer is more than 20 cm, and the distance between main branches between layers is more than 40 cm; the first side branch is 50-60 cm away from the main branch.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S5, pest control specifically includes: spraying 3-5 degrees of lime sulfur mixture during the dormant period of apricot trees to eliminate the overwintering adults of apricot ball grubs and mulberry white scale, most of the overwintering eggs of aphids, and the overwintering pathogens of apricot furuncle and scab; During the growing period of apricot trees, apply fruit tree whitening agent on the trunks and wrap them with waste newspapers, straw bundles or sacks to prevent and control a variety of crawling pests and larvae that pupate in the bark and fallen leaves. The pest control efficiency is over 70%, and it can effectively protect natural enemies and save the cost of pest control, so it is worth promoting vigorously.

[0022] During the flowering period of apricot trees, use sex attractants, black lights, and sweet and sour liquid to lure and kill adult insects; During the leafing and young fruit growth period of apricot trees, spray 0.3 degree lime sulfur, 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate methyl and 2.5% dimethoate; or spray 0.3% matrine solution and 1000 times diluted 5% avermectin to prevent and control a variety of diseases and insect pests; Observe the orchard frequently, remove insect-infested fruits, cut off insect-infested and diseased shoots, pick up fallen fruits and burn them in a centralized manner to prevent infection; Prevention and control of gummosis of apricot trees: scrape off the diseased tissue at the gummosis site before budding in early spring, apply 30 times diluted 45% crystal lime sulfur or 3-5 degrees Baume lime sulfur to the wound, and spray the lesions with 50 times diluted 90% ethylene aluminum phosphate or 50 times diluted 40% carbendazim.

[0023] Furthermore, the fruit tree whitening agent is composed of sulfur powder, quicklime, salt and vegetable oil in a mass ratio of 1:10:0.2:0.2.

[0024] Furthermore, in the sweet and sour liquid, the mass ratio of sugar, vinegar, wine and water is 3:4:2:1.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, the survival rate of planting can be effectively improved through reasonable garden and seedling selection; through intercropping of apricots and grains and reasonable close planting, the land can be fully utilized to achieve a double harvest of apricots and grains; through shaping and pruning, the reasonable distribution of tree nutrients is promoted, the quality of fruits is improved, and the effect of high quality and high yield of dwarfing and close planting is achieved; through pest and disease control, pest and disease can be effectively controlled to reduce the incidence of pest and disease. Based on this, the dwarfing and close planting cultivation method of Tangwang Baohe apricot of the present invention has a high survival rate, a low incidence of pests and diseases, and a high yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0027] The instruments, reagents, materials, etc. involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional instruments, reagents, materials, etc. in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. The experimental methods, detection methods, etc. involved in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional experimental methods, detection methods, etc. in the prior art.

[0028] The following embodiments are carried out under soil and climate conditions with convenient transportation, fertile soil, sufficient sunlight, low altitude, high temperature, abundant water resources, self-retained irrigation, and large temperature difference between day and night. There are no industrial and mining enterprises in the construction area, the air quality is good, and there is no pollution in agricultural water and soil, which meets the national green food production standards.

[0029] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for cultivating Tangwang Baohe apricots in a dwarfed, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield manner, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1: Orchard site selection: Choose a plot that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with high terrain, good drainage, deep soil, high organic matter content, and good irrigation conditions; avoid low-lying and valley-like areas that are prone to radiation frost, and avoid building an orchard on an old orchard that has been planted with stone fruit trees (peach) in the previous crop; S2: Seedling selection: Select pure varieties, well-healed grafting sites, no mechanical injuries, strong branches, no diseases and insect pests, and well-developed root systems of apricot seedlings; dip the roots with 1000 times ABT rooting powder No. 3 for 30 seconds before planting; S3: Land preparation and planting: Before planting, loosen the soil and weed the orchard, then dig holes according to a certain planting density (3m spacing between plants and 3m spacing between rows), determine the planting pits for seedlings (specifications are 50cm×50cm×50cm), and then choose the appropriate planting period (after the soil thaws in spring to before budding). In colder places, take cold-resistant measures to prevent drying and frost damage. When planting, first spread fully decomposed farmyard manure mixed with the topsoil in the dug planting pits, with a spreading amount of 10kg / planting pit, and then plant after watering. Adopt apricot-grain intercropping planting, and plant potatoes between the rows of apricot trees. After planting, fill the mature soil back into the planting pits, water immediately, and straighten the fallen seedlings. Finally, cover the root zone of the seedlings with plastic film, and water in time according to the soil moisture conditions. S4: Shaping and pruning: After planting, the seedlings should be trimmed in time, with a height of 60cm. When trimming, the cut buds should be selected on the side of the local main wind direction. There should be 3 full buds below the cut, which is called the shaping zone. All buds below the shaping zone should be removed. The main tree shape is the main trunk sparse layer shape: 5 main branches, divided into 3 layers, 2 in the first layer, 2 in the second layer, and 1 in the third layer; the distance between the main branches in the layer is more than 20cm, and the distance between the main branches between the layers is more than 40cm; the extension direction of each main branch should be staggered to avoid crossing or overlapping, and each main branch is equipped with 2 side branches; the first side branch is 50cm away from the main branch; S5: Disease and pest control: Focus on prevention and conduct comprehensive control; specifically: during the dormant period of apricot trees, spray 3 degrees of lime sulfur mixture to eliminate the overwintering adults of apricot ball grubs and mulberry white scale, most of the overwintering eggs of aphids, and the overwintering pathogens of apricot furuncle and scab; During the growth period of apricot trees, apply a fruit tree whitening agent consisting of sulfur powder, quicklime, salt and vegetable oil in a mass ratio of 1:10:0.2:0.2 on the trunks and wrap them with waste newspapers to prevent and control a variety of crawling pests and larvae that pupate in the bark and fallen leaves; During the flowering period of apricot trees, use sex attractants, black light, and sweet and sour liquid (the mass ratio of sugar, vinegar, wine, and water is 3:4:2:1) to lure and kill adult insects; During the leafing and young fruit growth period of apricot trees, spraying 0.3 degree lime sulfur mixture, 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate methyl and 2.5% dimethoate can prevent and control a variety of diseases and insect pests; Observe the orchard frequently, remove insect-infested fruits, cut off insect-infested and diseased shoots, pick up fallen fruits and burn them in a centralized manner to prevent infection; Prevention and control of gummosis of apricot trees: scrape off the diseased tissue at the gummosis site before budding in early spring, apply 30 times diluted 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture to the wound, and spray the diseased spots with 50 times diluted 90% ethylene aluminum phosphate; S6: Water and fertilizer management: After planting, loosen the soil and weed 4 times a year, irrigate when there is drought, and do a good job of replanting; spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves twice in July; irrigate 3 times throughout the year, and irrigate in winter after the leaves are full; S7: Prevention of low temperature damage: Use wheat straw, dead branches and leaves to smoke the orchard when the weather suddenly turns cold in early spring to slow down the temperature change; irrigate in early spring to delay the budding and flowering of apricot trees; spray B-9 and Qingxiansu before budding and flowering to delay flowering; whitewash the tree trunks before budding to reflect sunlight, delay the increase in tree temperature, and delay flowering by 3 days; before frost occurs, spray phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on flowering apricot trees to increase the cell sap concentration of the flowers to increase their frost resistance.

[0030] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for cultivating Tangwang Baohe apricots in a dwarfed, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield manner, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1: Orchard site selection: Choose a plot that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with high terrain, good drainage, deep soil, high organic matter content, and good irrigation conditions; avoid low-lying and valley-like areas that are prone to radiation frost, and avoid building an orchard on an old orchard that was planted with stone fruit trees (plums) in the previous crop; S2: Seedling selection: Select pure varieties, well-healed grafting sites, no mechanical injuries, strong branches, no diseases and insect pests, and well-developed root systems of apricot seedlings; dip the roots with 1000 times ABT rooting powder No. 3 for 30 seconds or more before planting; S3: Land preparation and planting: Before planting, loosen the soil and weed the orchard, then dig holes according to a certain planting density (plant spacing 3.2m, row spacing 3.5m), determine the planting pits for seedlings (specifications are 50cm×50cm×50cm), and then choose the appropriate planting period (after the soil thaws in spring to before budding). In relatively cold places, take cold-resistant measures to prevent drying and frost damage; when planting, first spread fully decomposed farmyard manure mixed with the topsoil in the dug planting pits, with a spreading amount of 10kg / planting pit, and then plant after watering; adopt apricot-grain intercropping planting, and plant beans between the rows of apricot trees; after planting, fill the mature soil back into the planting pits, water immediately, and straighten the fallen seedlings, and finally cover the root zone of the seedlings with plastic film, and water in time according to the soil moisture conditions; S4: Shaping and pruning: After planting, the seedlings should be trimmed in time, with a height of 70cm. When trimming, the cut buds should be selected on the side of the local main wind direction. There should be 4 full buds below the cut, which is called the shaping zone. All buds below the shaping zone should be removed. The main tree shape is the main trunk sparse layer shape: 6 main branches, divided into 3 layers, 2 in the first layer, 2 in the second layer, and 2 in the third layer; the distance between the main branches in the layer is more than 20cm, and the distance between the main branches between the layers is more than 40cm; the extension direction of each main branch should be staggered to avoid crossing or overlapping, and each main branch is equipped with 3 side branches; the first side branch is 55cm away from the main branch; S5: Disease and pest control: Focus on prevention and conduct comprehensive control; specifically: during the dormant period of apricot trees, spray 4-degree lime sulfur mixture to eliminate the overwintering adults of apricot ball grubs and mulberry white scale, most of the overwintering eggs of aphids, and the overwintering pathogens of apricot furuncle and scab; During the growth period of apricot trees, apply a fruit tree whitening agent consisting of sulfur powder, quicklime, salt and vegetable oil in a mass ratio of 1:10:0.2:0.2 on the trunks and wrap them with straw bundles to prevent and control a variety of crawling pests and larvae that pupate in the bark and fallen leaves; During the flowering period of apricot trees, use sex attractants, black light, and sweet and sour liquid (the mass ratio of sugar, vinegar, wine, and water is 3:4:2:1) to lure and kill adult insects; During the leafing and young fruit growth period of apricot trees, spraying 0.3 degree lime sulfur mixture, 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate methyl and 2.5% dimethoate can prevent and control a variety of diseases and insect pests; Observe the orchard frequently, remove insect-infested fruits, cut off insect-infested and diseased shoots, pick up fallen fruits and burn them in a centralized manner to prevent infection; Prevention and control of gummosis of apricot trees: scrape off the diseased tissue at the gummosis site before budding in early spring, apply 30 times diluted 45% crystal lime sulfur mixture on the wound, and spray the diseased spots with 50 times diluted 40% carbendazim; S6: Water and fertilizer management: After planting, loosen the soil and weed 5 times a year, irrigate when there is drought, and do a good job of replanting; spray 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves twice in August; irrigate 4 times a year, and irrigate in winter after the leaves are full; S7: Prevention of low temperature damage: Use wheat straw, dead branches and leaves to smoke the orchard when the weather suddenly turns cold in early spring to slow down the temperature change; irrigate in early spring to delay the budding and flowering of apricot trees; spray B-9 and Qingxiansu before budding and flowering to delay flowering; whitewash the tree trunks before budding to reflect sunlight, delay the increase in tree temperature, and delay flowering by 4 days; before frost occurs, spray phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on flowering apricot trees to increase the cell sap concentration of the flowers to increase their frost resistance.

[0031] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for cultivating Tangwang Baohe apricots in a dwarfed, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield manner, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1: Orchard site selection: Choose a plot that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with high terrain, good drainage, deep soil, high organic matter content, and good irrigation conditions; avoid low-lying and valley-like areas that are prone to radiation frost, and avoid building an orchard on an old orchard that has been planted with stone fruit trees (apricots) in the previous crop; S2: Seedling selection: Select pure varieties, well-healed grafting sites, no mechanical injuries, strong branches without diseases and insect pests, and well-developed root systems of apricot seedlings; dip the roots in mud to keep them moist before planting; S3: Land preparation and planting: Before planting, loosen the soil and weed the orchard, then dig holes according to a certain planting density (plant spacing 3.5m, row spacing 4m), determine the planting pits for seedlings (specifications are 50cm×50cm×50cm), and then choose the appropriate planting period (after the leaves fall in autumn and before the ground freezes). In colder places, take cold-proof measures to prevent drying and frost damage; when planting, first spread fully decomposed farmyard manure mixed with the topsoil in the dug planting pits, with a spreading amount of 10kg / planting pit, and then plant after watering; adopt apricot-grain intercropping planting, and plant low-stalk oil crops between the rows of apricot trees; after planting, fill the mature soil back into the planting pits, water immediately, and straighten the fallen seedlings, and finally cover the root zone of the seedlings with plastic film, and water in time according to the soil moisture conditions; S4: Shaping and pruning: After planting, the saplings should be trimmed in time, with a height of 80cm. When trimming, the cut buds should be selected on the side of the local main wind direction. There should be 5 full buds below the cut, which is called the shaping zone. All buds below the shaping zone should be removed. The main tree shape is the main trunk sparse layer shape: 7 main branches, divided into 3 layers, 3 in the first layer, 2 in the second layer, and 2 in the third layer; the distance between the main branches in the layer is more than 20cm, and the distance between the main branches between the layers is more than 40cm; the extension direction of each main branch should be staggered to avoid crossing or overlapping, and each main branch is equipped with 3 side branches; the first side branch is 60cm away from the main branch; S5: Disease and pest control: Focus on prevention and conduct integrated control; specifically: during the dormant period of apricot trees, spray 5% lime sulfur mixture to eliminate the overwintering adults of apricot ball grubs and mulberry white scale, most of the overwintering eggs of aphids, and the overwintering pathogens of apricot furuncle and scab; During the growth period of apricot trees, apply a fruit tree whitening agent consisting of sulfur powder, quicklime, salt and vegetable oil in a mass ratio of 1:10:0.2:0.2 on the trunks and wrap them with sacks to prevent and control a variety of crawling pests and larvae that pupate in the bark and fallen leaves; During the flowering period of apricot trees, use sex attractants, black light, and sweet and sour liquid (the mass ratio of sugar, vinegar, wine, and water is 3:4:2:1) to lure and kill adult insects; During the leafing and young fruit growth period of apricot trees, spraying with 0.3% matrine solution and 5% avermectin 1000 times solution can prevent and control a variety of diseases and insect pests. Observe the orchard frequently, remove insect-infested fruits, cut off insect-infested and diseased shoots, pick up fallen fruits and burn them in a centralized manner to prevent infection; Prevention and control of gummosis of apricot trees: scrape off the diseased tissue at the gummosis site before budding in early spring, apply Baume 5 degree lime sulfur mixture to the wound, and spray the lesions with 50 times diluted 90% ethylene aluminum phosphate; S6: Water and fertilizer management: After planting, loosen the soil and weed 5 times a year, irrigate when there is drought, and do a good job of replanting; spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves twice in August; irrigate 5 times throughout the year, and irrigate in winter after the leaves are full; S7: Prevention of low temperature damage: Use wheat straw, dead branches and leaves to fumigate the orchard when the weather suddenly turns cold in early spring to slow down the temperature change; irrigate in early spring to delay the budding and flowering of apricot trees; spray B-9 and Qingxiansu before budding and flowering to delay flowering; whitewash the tree trunks before budding to reflect sunlight, delay the increase in tree temperature, and delay flowering by 5 days; before frost occurs, spray phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on flowering apricot trees to increase the cell sap concentration of the flowers to increase their frost resistance.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 Conventional cultivation method of Tangwang Baohe apricot. Conventional planting density is 4m between plants and 5m between rows, with the fixed poles above 1.2m and pruning by short cutting method.

[0033] The methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were respectively used to carry out Tangwang Baohe apricot cultivation experiments, and the planting survival rate, pest and disease incidence rate and per mu yield of Tangwang Baohe apricot were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1 Statistics of results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1

[0035] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the survival rate and per mu yield of Examples 1-3 are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1, and the incidence of diseases and insect pests is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1. It can be seen that the cultivation method of Tangwang Baohe apricot in Examples 1-3 has a high survival rate, a low incidence of diseases and insect pests, and a high yield.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Tangwang Baohe apricot with high quality and high yield by dwarfing and dense planting. Features: The specific steps include the following: S1: Orchard site selection: Choose a plot of land that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with high terrain, good drainage, deep soil, high organic matter content, and good irrigation conditions for orchard construction; avoid low-lying land and valleys that are prone to radiation frost, and avoid building an orchard on an old orchard that was planted with stone fruit trees in the previous crop; S2: Seedling selection: Select pure varieties, well-healed grafting sites, no mechanical injuries, strong branches, no diseases and insect pests, and well-developed root systems of apricot seedlings; before planting, dip the roots in 1000 times ABT rooting powder No. 3 for 30 seconds or dip the roots in mud to keep them moist; S3: Land preparation and planting: Before planting, the orchard is first loosened and weeded, and then the rows are laid out and holes are dug according to a certain planting density to determine the planting pits for the seedlings, and then the appropriate planting period is selected for planting; when planting, fully decomposed farmyard manure mixed with the topsoil is first spread in the dug planting pits, and then watered before planting; after planting, the mature soil is backfilled into the planting pits, watered immediately, and the fallen seedlings are straightened up, and finally the mulch is covered around the roots of the seedlings, and watered in time depending on the soil moisture conditions; S4: Shaping and pruning: After planting, the seedlings should be trimmed in time. When trimming, the cut buds should be selected on the side of the local main wind direction. There should be 3-5 full buds below the cut, which is called the shaping zone. All buds below the shaping zone should be removed. The main tree shape is the main trunk sparse layer shape: 5-7 main branches, divided into 3 layers, 2-3 in the first layer, 2 in the second layer, and 1-2 in the third layer; the extension direction of each main branch should be staggered to avoid crossing or overlapping, and each main branch should be equipped with 2-3 side branches; S5: Pest and disease control: Focus on prevention and conduct integrated control; S6: Water and fertilizer management: After planting, loosen the soil and weed 4-5 times a year, irrigate when there is drought, and do a good job of replanting; spray 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves twice in July and August; irrigate 3-5 times throughout the year, and irrigate in winter after the leaves are full; S7: Prevention of low temperature damage: Use wheat straw, dead branches and leaves to smoke the orchard when the weather suddenly turns cold in early spring to slow down the temperature change; irrigate in early spring to delay the budding and flowering of apricot trees; spray B-9 and Qingxiansu before budding and flowering to delay flowering; whitewash the tree trunks before budding to reflect sunlight, delay the increase in tree temperature, and delay flowering by 3-5 days; before frost occurs, spray phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on flowering apricot trees to increase the cell sap concentration of the flowers to increase their frost resistance.

2. A dwarfing, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tangwangbaohe apricot according to claim 1, Features: In step S1, the stone fruit tree is one of peach, plum and apricot.

3. A dwarfing, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tangwang Baohe apricot according to claim 1, Features: In step S3, the appropriate planting period is from the time the soil thaws in spring to before budding or from the time the leaves fall in autumn to before the ground freezes; the planting density is: plant spacing 3-3.5m, row spacing 3-4m; the specification of the planting pit is 50cm×50cm×50cm; the application amount of farmyard manure is 10kg / planting pit.

4. A dwarfing, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tangwangbaohe apricot according to claim 1, Features: In step S3, the planting method is intercropping of apricots and crops, specifically planting potatoes, beans or low-stalk oil crops between the rows of apricot trees.

5. A dwarfing, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tangwangbaohe apricot according to claim 1, Features: In step S4, the trunk height is set to 60-80 cm; in the main trunk sparse layer shape, the distance between main branches in a layer is more than 20 cm, and the distance between main branches between layers is more than 40 cm; the first side branch is 50-60 cm away from the main branch.

6. A dwarfing, densely planted, high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for Tangwangbaohe apricot according to claim 1, Features: In step S5, the pest control is specifically as follows: during the dormant period of the apricot trees, 3-5 degrees of lime sulfur mixture is sprayed to eliminate the overwintering adults of apricot ball grubs and mulberry white scale, most of the overwintering eggs of aphids, and the overwintering pathogens of apricot furuncle and scab; During the growing season of apricot trees, apply fruit tree whitening agent on the trunks and wrap them with waste newspapers, straw bundles or sacks to prevent a variety of crawling pests and larvae that pupate in the bark and fallen leaves; During the flowering period of apricot trees, use sex attractants, black lights, and sweet and sour liquid to lure and kill adult insects; During the leafing and young fruit growth period of apricot trees, spraying 0.3 degree lime sulfur, 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate methyl and 2.5% diazinon, or spraying 0.3% matrine solution and 1000 times diluted 5% avermectin can prevent and control a variety of diseases and insect pests. Observe the orchard frequently, remove insect-infested fruits, cut off insect-infested and diseased shoots, pick up fallen fruits and burn them in a centralized manner to prevent infection; Prevention and control of gummosis of apricot trees: scrape off the diseased tissue at the gummosis site before budding in early spring, apply 30 times diluted 45% crystal lime sulfur or 3-5 degrees Baume lime sulfur to the wound, and spray the lesions with 50 times diluted 90% ethylene aluminum phosphate or 50 times diluted 40% carbendazim.

7. A method for cultivating Tangwangbaohe apricots by dwarfing, dense planting, high quality and high yield according to claim 6, Features: The fruit tree whitening agent is composed of sulfur powder, quicklime, salt and vegetable oil in a mass ratio of 1:10:0.2:0.

2.

8. A method for cultivating Tangwangbaohe apricots by dwarfing, dense planting, high quality and high yield according to claim 6, Features: In the sweet and sour liquid, the mass ratio of sugar, vinegar, wine and water is 3:4:2:1.

Images