Application of camellia oleosa seed oil in preparation of beef cattle quality improving product

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of beef cattle breeding, and provides application of camellia oleosa seed oil in preparation of a beef cattle quality improving product, and the camellia oleosa seed oil is added into feed before the beef cattle are slaughtered at the age of 24-30 months; the adding duration of the camellia oleosa seed oil is not less than 60 days until slaughtering; the addition amount of the camellia oleosa seed oil is 1-8% of the total weight of the feed; the camellia oleosa seed oil is mixed with concentrated feed or concentrate supplement, mixed with a powdery dispersant and then added into a premix or spread on the surface of the feed, and the mixture is uniformly stirred. According to the invention, a specific proportion of camellia oleosa seed oil is added in the later stage of beef cattle fattening, the meat quality of the beef cattle in the later stage of beef cattle fattening is significantly improved through a short-term nutrition regulation technology, and a scientific nutrition regulation strategy and powerful technical support are provided for the beef cattle industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of beef cattle breeding technology, and in particular relates to the application of camellia seed oil in the preparation of products that improve the quality of beef cattle. Background Technology

[0002] It is well known that the quality of beef is positively correlated with its marbling grade; increased marbling significantly improves the taste and overall quality of beef. Marbling formation in beef cattle begins in the embryonic stage and continues into the calf stage, during which a large number of precursor cells are formed. As beef cattle transition from the fattening period to the slaughter stage, these precursor cells differentiate and increase in size, depositing in the muscle tissue to form visible marbling. Therefore, improving marbling grade is a core aspect of optimizing beef quality, and this process requires a long fattening period and the supply of specific nutrients at key stages, including but not limited to carbohydrates, vitamins, and trace elements.

[0003] In the fattening of high-grade beef cattle both domestically and internationally, extending the fattening period is a common method to improve marbling grade. For example, Japanese Wagyu, Korean Hanwoo, Angus beef cattle, domestic specialty beef cattle, and crossbred cattle (such as crosses between Australian Wagyu and Yanbian Yellow Cattle) typically begin fattening at 12-15 months of age and continue until slaughter at around 30-32 months. This long-term fattening approach aims to maximize their potential for producing high-grade marbling beef, thereby improving meat quality and economic value. However, although specific nutrient regulation strategies have been adopted domestically and internationally to improve marbling grade, these methods face limitations in terms of technical operation and compatibility with local cattle breeds, making large-scale adoption difficult and potentially posing health risks to cattle. Currently common high-grade beef cattle fattening methods include using castrated bulls or individually regulating feed formulations, but these methods are not only time-consuming and costly but also have unstable yields.

[0004] Camellia seed oil, derived from the seeds of the camellia tree (Camellia oleifera Abel), is a valuable edible oil with a long history of cultivation and is widely grown in many Asian countries. China is the main producer of camellia seed oil, accounting for over 90% of global production. Due to its fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties being similar to olive oil, camellia seed oil is hailed as "Oriental olive oil." It contains various bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic acid (60.22-84.77%) and linoleic acid (4.14-10.05%)), and phytosterols. While some published patents in China mention the application of camellia seed oil, none have specifically addressed its use in improving beef quality by enhancing marbling grades. Therefore, this invention proposes the application of camellia seed oil in the preparation of products that improve beef quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an application of camellia seed oil in the preparation of products that improve the quality of beef cattle, thereby addressing the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An application of camellia seed oil in the preparation of products that improve the quality of beef cattle is disclosed, wherein the camellia seed oil is added to the feed of beef cattle aged 24-30 months before slaughter; the addition of camellia seed oil is continued for no less than 60 days until slaughter; the amount of camellia seed oil added is 1-8% of the total weight of the feed; the mixing method of camellia seed oil with feed includes mixing with concentrated feed or concentrate supplement, mixing with powdered dispersant and then adding to premix, or surface sprinkling on the feed and stirring evenly.

[0008] Furthermore, the camellia seed oil can improve the marbling grade of beef cattle in the later stages of fattening.

[0009] Furthermore, the camellia seed oil improves the marbling grade of beef cattle in the later stages of fattening by increasing the levels of vitamin A and isoretinol in blood or muscle, reducing the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio of beef after aging, increasing the mRNA expression levels of intramuscular fat production-related genes PPARγ and C / EBPα, muscle development-related gene MYF5, marbling grade-related genes CFL2 and HSP70, and HSP90 after aging.

[0010] Furthermore, the camellia seed oil can increase TP and GSH levels, improve the physiological health of beef cattle in the later stages of fattening, including maintaining metabolic balance and antioxidant capacity.

[0011] Furthermore, the camellia seed oil can regulate the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the extracellular region, and the extracellular matrix tissue, thereby improving muscle development and fat deposition in beef cattle during the later stages of fattening.

[0012] Furthermore, the camellia seed oil can increase the content of guanosine monophosphate, triglycerides (16:0 / 14:0 / 16:0) and diglycerides (22:1n9 / 0:0 / 18:2n6), and reduce cholesterol acetate levels, thereby improving lipid metabolism in beef cattle during the later stages of fattening.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0014] This invention involves adding a specific proportion of camellia seed oil to beef cattle during the later stages of fattening. Through short-term nutritional regulation technology, it significantly improves the meat quality of beef cattle during the later stages of fattening, providing a scientific nutritional regulation strategy and strong technical support for the beef cattle industry. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram for evaluating the marbling grade of beef cattle (Grade A1

[100] - Grade A4

[400] ).

[0016] Figure 2 The effect of camellia seed oil on enhancing the marbling of beef cattle.

[0017] Figure 3 The effects of camellia seed oil on blood biochemical indicators in beef cattle.

[0018] Figure 4 The addition of camellia seed oil affected the expression of targeted mRNAs in the longissimus dorsi muscle of beef cattle; among them, (A) is a gene related to intramuscular fat deposition, (B) is a gene related to muscle development, and (C) is a gene related to marbling grade during slaughter and after aging.

[0019] Figure 5 Analysis of differentially expressed genes screened from volcano maps.

[0020] Figure 6 For GO enrichment analysis.

[0021] Figure 7 KEGG enrichment analysis.

[0022] Figure 8 Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed.

[0023] Figure 9 This is Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA).

[0024] Figure 10 Volcano plot analysis for differential lipid metabolites.

[0025] Figure 11 These are lipid metabolism substances regulated by camellia seed oil. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0028] This invention involves adding a specific proportion of camellia seed oil during the later stages of beef cattle fattening, which significantly improves the meat quality of beef cattle in this stage. The camellia seed oil addition scheme is as follows:

[0029] 1) Addition amount: 1-8% of the total feed weight;

[0030] 2) Mixed method (choose one):

[0031] a) Mix with concentrated feed or concentrate supplement;

[0032] b) Mix with the powdered dispersant and then add to the premix;

[0033] c) Spread the mixture onto the feed surface and mix thoroughly;

[0034] 3) Adding time: late fattening stage, from 24 months of age until slaughter at 30 months of age; if the slaughter time exceeds 30 months of age, the time should be extended accordingly;

[0035] 4) Duration of addition: no less than 60 days, continuing until slaughter;

[0036] 5) Optional addition time range: 24-30 months, 28-30 months, 28-32 months or 24-32 months. The addition should continue as long as possible until slaughter. The specific operation can be adjusted according to the farm's high-end beef production strategy.

[0037] This invention effectively improves the marbling grade of beef cattle by adding 1%-8% camellia seed oil during the late fattening stage (starting from 24 months of age) for at least 60 days until slaughter. The core of this invention lies in the synergistic effect of the amount and timing of camellia seed oil addition. Through comprehensive physiological and biochemical indexes, gene expression, and omics analysis, this invention provides a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism by which camellia seed oil improves beef quality.

[0038] The present invention conducts the following experiments:

[0039] (1) Selection and grouping of test subjects;

[0040] Twenty-two fattening cattle of similar size, with consistent feeding conditions and good physical condition were selected and randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, with 11 cattle in each group.

[0041] (2) Setting up feeding conditions;

[0042] Two groups of beef cattle were housed in cattle sheds with a density of 5-6 head per pen, with free access to feed and water. The basal diets of both the control and treatment groups met the recommended nutritional requirements of beef cattle feeding standards.

[0043] (3) Adding camellia seed oil;

[0044] The treatment group added camellia seed oil to the feed by spreading it on the surface of the feed and stirring it evenly. This was continued for 2 months until slaughter at 30 months of age.

[0045] (4) Sample collection;

[0046] Immediately after slaughter, samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle, liver, and blood, along with relevant data, are collected. After 96 hours of aging, carcass data, marbling grade data, and aging-aged longissimus dorsi muscle samples are obtained.

[0047] (5) Data analysis methods;

[0048] 5.1 Slaughter performance and marbling grade evaluation: Analyze the data of carcasses after slaughter and aging.

[0049] 5.2 Detection of Vitamin A (Retinol) Content: The vitamin A content in blood samples was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

[0050] Table 1 shows the effect of adding camellia seed oil on the slaughter performance of beef cattle:

[0051] Table 1. Effects of Camellia Seed Oil Addition on Slaughter Performance of Beef Cattle

[0052]

[0053] As can be seen from Table 1, this invention significantly improved the intramuscular marbling deposition level by adding camellia seed oil to the feed of Angus beef cattle during the later stages of fattening, thereby increasing the taste and appearance appeal of the meat. Figure 1 , Figure 2 Meanwhile, the presence of vitamin A in the blood, a property strongly correlated with marbling in beef cattle, indicates that the addition of camellia seed oil can improve the overall health of beef cattle and the nutritional value of the meat. Furthermore, monitoring the level of vitamin A in the blood may be a means to assess the effect of camellia seed oil in regulating the marbling grade of beef cattle.

[0054] 5.3 Biochemical index determination: Total protein (TP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the blood were determined using a kit.

[0055] This invention reveals the effect of camellia seed oil addition on the metabolic state of beef cattle by detecting metabolites in their serum. Experimental results show that ( Figure 3 The levels of total phosphorus (TP) and glucose-glucose serotonin (GSH) in the camellia seed oil treatment group were significantly increased. TP, as a protein complex produced by the liver and blood, is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. The increase in GSH indicates that the addition of camellia seed oil significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of beef cattle. This invention provides new insights into the application of camellia seed oil in beef cattle feeding, particularly in improving the antioxidant capacity and maintaining metabolic balance in beef cattle, and has significant application value.

[0056] 5.4 Fatty acid composition analysis: The content and ratio of ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids in tissue samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC).

[0057] Table 2 shows the effect of adding camellia seed oil on the fatty acid composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle and the proportion of each fatty acid after aging in beef cattle:

[0058] Table 2. Effects of Camellia seed oil addition on the fatty acid composition and percentages of fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle of beef cattle after aging.

[0059]

[0060] Table 2 shows that this invention reveals the regulatory effect of camellia seed oil on the fatty acid composition of the longissimus dorsi muscle in beef cattle. Specifically, in the control group, the proportion of ω-6 fatty acids in beef increased significantly after aging, while in the treatment group, the proportion of ω-6 fatty acids remained basically unchanged. Furthermore, the results show that the addition of camellia seed oil can significantly reduce the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio. Especially in the treatment group where camellia seed oil was added after aging, the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio was stabilized, preventing excessive increases caused by oxidation. This characteristic has potential application value for improving meat quality. This invention provides new insights into the application of camellia seed oil in animal husbandry, particularly in improving the fatty acid composition and quality of meat.

[0061] 5.5 Gene Expression Analysis: The expression levels of the following genes were determined:

[0062] a) Genes related to intramuscular fat deposition: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT / enhancer-binding protein α (C / EBPα).

[0063] b) Muscle development-related gene: Myogenic factor 5 (MYF5).

[0064] c) Marble pattern grade related genes: heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and actin light chain kinase 2 (CFL2).

[0065] This invention reveals the effect of adding camellia seed oil on improving the quality of beef and its molecular mechanism. Studies have shown that ( Figure 4 Adding camellia seed oil during the later stages of fattening significantly increased intramuscular fat deposition (marbling score) without affecting carcass weight or back fat thickness. The innovation of this invention lies in elucidating the mechanism by which camellia seed oil promotes intramuscular fat deposition through the synergistic regulation of the expression of multiple key genes: camellia seed oil treatment significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of intramuscular fat generation-related genes PPARγ and C / EBPα. Figure 5 (A), while increasing the expression of the muscle development-related gene MYF5 ( Figure 5 (B) provides a reserve of myofibrils for further muscle development. Furthermore, the heat shock protein family also plays an important role in meat quality improvement, such as... Figure 5As shown in Figure C, the upregulation of HSP70 mRNA expression during slaughter is associated with increased intramuscular fat deposition and can serve as a molecular indicator for marbling scoring. Increased HSP90 mRNA expression after aging helps maintain meat quality, particularly in reducing the ω-6 / ω-3 fatty acid ratio. Enhanced CFL2 expression during slaughter further promotes beef quality improvement. These findings provide a new theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of camellia seed oil in beef cattle feeding, and have significant application prospects in improving beef quality and nutritional value.

[0066] 5.6 Transcriptomics Analysis:

[0067] a) Screening for differentially expressed genes using volcano plots.

[0068] b) Perform gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to identify activated or inhibited biological processes or molecular functions.

[0069] c) Enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used to reveal the mechanisms of differential gene function within cells.

[0070] This invention, through comprehensive transcriptomics analysis, reveals the broad impact of camellia seed oil addition on gene expression in Angus beef cattle. For example... Figure 5 As shown, volcano plot analysis revealed that camellia seed oil treatment led to significant changes in the expression of multiple genes, including both up-regulated and down-regulated genes. Figure 6 As shown, GO enrichment analysis revealed the regulation of several key biological processes and molecular functions, particularly in extracellular regions, extracellular matrix tissue regulation, and choline metabolism. These changes may be closely related to the regulation of muscle development and fat deposition. Figure 7 As shown, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further confirmed the effects of camellia seed oil treatment on multiple important signaling pathways, including ECM-receptor interaction and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Of particular note, several pathways related to immune function were also significantly regulated, such as the intestinal immune network and autoimmune thyroid diseases, suggesting that camellia seed oil may indirectly affect meat quality by regulating immune function. Furthermore, the enrichment of the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway suggests that camellia seed oil may optimize the physiological state of beef cattle by influencing micronutrient metabolism. These findings not only elucidate the molecular mechanism by which camellia seed oil improves beef quality but also provide new research directions for developing precision nutrition strategies based on camellia seed oil, showing significant application prospects in improving beef production efficiency and quality.

[0071] 5.7 Lipidomics Analysis: Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to screen differentially metabolites in the lipidome to reveal the potential mechanism by which camellia seed oil promotes marble-like deposition.

[0072] This invention, through comprehensive lipidomics analysis, reveals the profound impact of camellia seed oil addition on lipid metabolism in beef muscle tissue. Principal component analysis (PMI) Figure 8 The results of partial least squares discriminant analysis show that () Figure 9 The lipid profiles of the camellia seed oil treatment group and the control group showed significant differences, indicating that the addition of camellia seed oil led to an overall change in the lipid metabolism pattern of muscle tissue. Figure 10 Mid-volcano plot analysis revealed that camellia seed oil treatment led to significant changes in the levels of multiple metabolites, including both up- and down-regulated metabolites. This invention identified several key lipid metabolites regulated by camellia seed oil. Figure 11 Treatment with camellia seed oil significantly increased the content of guanylate and isoretinol, while decreasing the level of cholesterol acetate. Simultaneously, it increased the content of triglycerides (16:0 / 14:0 / 16:0) and diglycerides (22:1n9 / 0:0 / 18:2n6). Of particular note is the increase in isoretinol, an important derivative of vitamin A, consistent with previously observed increases in vitamin A concentration, which is significant for improving meat quality and nutritional value. These findings not only elucidate the lipid metabolism mechanism by which camellia seed oil improves beef quality but also provide a new research direction for developing lipid-targeted precision nutrition strategies. The lipidomics analysis results of this invention provide a solid scientific basis for the application of camellia seed oil in beef cattle feeding, and have important application prospects in improving the production efficiency, nutritional value, and flavor quality of marbling beef.

[0073] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. An application of camellia oil in preparing a product for improving the quality of beef cattle, characterized in that: The camellia oil is added to the feed before the beef cattle are slaughtered at 24-30 months of age; the camellia oil is added for no less than 60 days until slaughter; the amount of camellia oil added is 1-8% of the total weight of the feed; the camellia oil and the feed are mixed in the following ways: mixing with concentrated feed or concentrate supplement, mixing with powdered dispersant and then adding into premix or sprinkling on the surface of feed and stirring evenly.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camellia seed oil can improve the marbling grade of beef cattle in the late fattening stage.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The camellia seed oil improves the marbling grade of late-fattening beef cattle in multiple dimensions by increasing the levels of vitamin A and isoretinol in blood or muscle, reducing the ω-6 / ω-3 ratio of beef after acid excretion, and increasing the mRNA expression levels of intramuscular fat generation-related genes PPARγ and C / EBPα, muscle development-related gene MYF5, marbling grade-related genes CFL2 and HSP70, and HSP90 after acid excretion.

4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camellia seed oil can increase the levels of TP and GSH, and improve the physiological health level of late fattening beef cattle, including maintaining metabolic balance and antioxidant capacity.

5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camellia seed oil can regulate the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the extracellular region and the extracellular matrix tissue, and improve the muscle development and fat deposition of beef cattle in the late fattening period.

6. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camellia seed oil can increase the contents of coronoside, triglyceride (16:0 / 14:0 / 16:0) and diglyceride (22:1n9 / 0:0 / 18:2n6), reduce the level of cholesterol acetate, and improve the lipid metabolism of beef cattle in the late fattening period.

Images