Quick mounting structure for mechanical parts

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mechanical mounting, and discloses a quick mounting structure for mechanical parts, which comprises a workbench, universal wheels are mounted at four corners of the bottom of the workbench, a frame body is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench, a shaft clamp is mounted in the center of the upper surface of the frame body, and a press fitting mechanism is arranged above the frame body. The press-fitting mechanism comprises stand columns perpendicularly fixed to the two sides of the frame body, a top plate is fixed to the tops of the two stand columns, a press-fitting air cylinder is fixed to the center of the upper surface of the top plate, an output shaft of the press-fitting air cylinder penetrates through the top plate, a lifting plate is slidably installed on the surfaces of the two stand columns, and the output shaft of the press-fitting air cylinder is fixed to the lifting plate. The three ejector pins capable of adjusting the distance are installed on the lower surface of the air cylinder lifting plate, the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing is pressed downwards through the three ejector pins, the three ejector pins are evenly distributed to form a regular triangle structure, it is guaranteed that the pressing force borne by the bearing is even, and then it is guaranteed that the bearing and a shaft are concentric during press fitting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical installation, in particular to a quick installation structure for mechanical accessories. Background Art

[0002] In the process of mechanical production, the assembly of various accessories determines the overall quality of mechanical equipment. Mechanical accessories mainly include: transmission parts, connecting parts, shaft parts, seals, etc. The power of mechanical equipment mostly comes from the engine or motor, and no matter the engine or motor, its output is rotational force. Therefore, shaft parts are important transmission parts in mechanical processing. In order to reduce the friction of the shaft during movement and reduce the loss of power transmission, bearings or sleeves will be installed on the shaft to support the rotation of the shaft and reduce friction and wear.

[0003] At present, the installation of shafts and bearings adopts interference fit and is carried out by press-fitting or the principle of thermal expansion and contraction. The installation of small-sized bearings in batches is carried out by press-fitting. However, the existing bearing press-fitting structure has certain shortcomings: the press-fitting head can only exert force on the inner ring or outer ring of the bearing when working, which requires different press-fitting heads when press-fitting bearings of different sizes, reducing the practicality of the equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a quick installation structure for mechanical accessories, which solves the problem of needing to replace the press-fitting head according to the bearing size.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a quick installation structure for mechanical accessories, including a workbench, universal wheels are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the workbench, a frame is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench, a shaft fixture is installed at the center of the upper surface of the frame, a pressing mechanism is arranged above the frame, the pressing mechanism includes columns vertically fixed on both sides of the frame, a top plate is fixed on the top of the two columns, a pressing cylinder is fixed at the center of the upper surface of the top plate, the output shaft of the pressing cylinder passes through the top plate, a lifting plate is slidably installed on the surface of the two columns, the output shaft of the pressing cylinder is fixed on the lifting plate, a needle distance adjustment mechanism is installed on the lower surface of the lifting plate, the needle distance adjustment mechanism is placed directly above the shaft fixture, an automatic feeding mechanism is installed on the rear side of the workbench, and a bearing storage mechanism is installed on one side of the workbench.

[0006] Furthermore, the needle distance adjustment mechanism includes a fixed plate placed at the center of the lower surface of the lifting plate, and ear plates are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the upper surface of the fixed plate, and the two ear plates are installed on the lower surface of the lifting plate by bolts.

[0007] Furthermore, three extension plates are evenly arranged on the periphery of the lower surface of the fixed plate, a central protrusion is arranged in the center of the lower surface of the fixed plate, two track rods are arranged between a single extension plate and the central protrusion, the two track rods are parallel to each other, and a slider is slidably installed on the surface of the track rod.

[0008] Furthermore, a threaded rod is rotatably installed on the lower surface of the central protrusion, a knob is provided at the end of the threaded rod, an adjustment sleeve is screwed on the surface of the threaded rod, three connecting rods are evenly hinged on the top of the adjustment sleeve, and the ends of the three connecting rods facing away from the adjustment sleeve are respectively hinged on three sliders.

[0009] Furthermore, a ejector pin is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the sliding block, and the three ejector pins all correspond to the upper surface of the bearing to be installed, and the length of the ejector pin is greater than the threaded rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the bearing storage mechanism includes a vertical plate fixed on one side of the upper surface of the workbench, a feeder is provided on the rear surface of the vertical plate, a barrel is installed on the top of the feeder, and a plurality of bearings to be installed are stacked inside the barrel.

[0011] Furthermore, the automatic feeding mechanism includes a fixed plate fixed on the rear side of the upper surface of the workbench, the upper surface of the fixed plate is symmetrically arranged with transverse tracks, and slides are slidably installed on the surfaces of the two transverse tracks. The upper surface of the fixed plate is symmetrically arranged with pulleys, one of which is controlled by a driving motor, and the pulley is placed between the two transverse tracks. Belts are sleeved on the surfaces of the two pulleys, and the bottom of the slide is connected to one side of the belt.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper surface of the skateboard is symmetrically provided with longitudinal tracks, the longitudinal tracks are vertically distributed with the transverse tracks, movable plates are slidably installed on the two longitudinal track surfaces, a pushing cylinder is fixedly installed on the rear side of the upper surface of the fixed plate, and the output end of the pushing cylinder is installed on the movable plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a clamping power unit is fixed on the surface of the movable plate, and two clamping rods that can move relative to each other are installed at the front end of the clamping power unit. The two clamping rods clamp and load the bearings released by the bearing storage mechanism.

[0014] The invention provides a quick installation structure for mechanical accessories.

[0015] It has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention installs three ejector pins with adjustable distances on the lower surface of the cylinder lifting plate to press down the inner ring or outer ring of the bearing through the three ejector pins. The three ejector pins are evenly distributed in a regular triangle structure to ensure that the downward pressure on the bearing is uniform, thereby ensuring the concentricity of the bearing and the shaft during press-fitting.

[0016] 2. The three ejectors of the present invention can be adjusted according to actual use conditions and can be adjusted synchronously to be suitable for press-fitting of bearings of different sizes without replacing the press-fitting head, thereby improving the practicability of the equipment and reducing production costs.

[0017] 3. The present invention adopts an automatic loading method when installing the bearing, and places the bearing just above the shaft to be installed to achieve rapid installation. At the same time, automatic loading can prevent the hands of the staff from entering the working area, thereby improving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a left-side structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic feeding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the bearing storage mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the needle distance adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 1. workbench; 101. universal wheel; 102. frame; 2. automatic feeding mechanism; 201. fixed plate; 202. horizontal track; 203. pulley; 204. belt; 205. slide plate; 206. longitudinal track; 207. push cylinder; 208. moving plate; 209. clamping power unit; 210. clamping rod; 3. bearing storage mechanism; 301. vertical plate; 302. barrel; 303. Feeder; 4. Press-fitting mechanism; 401. Column; 402. Top plate; 403. Press-fitting cylinder; 404. Lifting plate; 5. Shaft fixture; 6. Needle distance adjustment mechanism; 601. Fixed plate; 602. Ear plate; 603. Extension plate; 604. Center bump; 605. Track rod; 606. Slider; 607. Threaded rod; 608. Knob; 609. Connecting rod; 610. Ejector; 611. Adjustment sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, a quick installation structure for mechanical accessories includes a workbench 1, and universal wheels 101 are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the workbench 1, so that the workbench 1 can be moved as a whole through the universal wheels 101 at the bottom, thereby improving the flexibility of the equipment. A frame 102 is provided on the upper surface of the workbench 1, and the frame 102 is an inverted U-shaped structure. A shaft fixture 5 is installed at the center of the upper surface of the frame 102. Different shaft fixtures 5 are rotated according to different shafts to be installed, so that the installation shaft is in a vertical state, ensuring that the bearing is concentric with the installation shaft when installed. A pressing mechanism 4 is provided above the frame 102 to increase the downward pressure on the bearing. The pressing mechanism 4 includes columns 401 vertically fixed on both sides of the frame 102. The two columns 401 are arranged in parallel, and a top plate 402 is fixed on the top of the two columns 401. A press-fitting cylinder 403 is fixed at the center of the upper surface of the top plate 402. The output shaft of the press-fitting cylinder 403 passes through the top plate 402. A lifting plate 404 is slidably installed on the surface of the two columns 401, so that the lifting plate 404 can slide vertically along the trajectory of the columns 401 through the press-fitting cylinder 403. The output shaft of the press-fitting cylinder 403 is fixed on the lifting plate 404, and a needle distance adjustment mechanism 6 is installed on the lower surface of the lifting plate 404. The needle distance adjustment mechanism 6 is placed directly above the shaft fixture 5. An automatic feeding mechanism 2 is installed on the rear side of the workbench 1, and a bearing storage mechanism 3 is installed on one side of the workbench 1 to achieve quick installation.

[0022] The pressure applied by the press cylinder 403 to the bearing during press fitting needs to be calculated according to different bearing types. For common bearing types, the press fitting force can be estimated using the following formula: F=kxDxL Among them, F is the press-fit force, k is the empirical coefficient, which is determined according to factors such as bearing type and fit tolerance; D is the inner or outer diameter of the bearing; and L is the bearing width. The empirical coefficient k is usually between 0.1 and 0.3 for general small and medium-sized deep groove ball bearings. If the fit is tight, the coefficient may be closer to the upper limit; if the fit is relatively loose, the coefficient may be closer to the lower limit.

[0023] For tapered roller bearings, the empirical coefficient k may be around 0.2 to 0.4.

[0024] For cylindrical roller bearings, the empirical coefficient k is approximately between 0.15 and 0.35. Example 2

[0025] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the needle distance adjustment mechanism 6 includes a fixed plate 601 placed at the center position of the lower surface of the lifting plate 404, and ear plates 602 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the upper surface of the fixed plate 601. The two ear plates 602 are installed on the lower surface of the lifting plate 404 by bolts. The fixed plate 601 is a circular plate, and the center of the circle is on the same vertical line as the axis of the shaft fixture 5. At the same time, the fixed plate 601 can move up and down together with the lifting plate 404. Three extension plates 603 are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the lower surface of the fixed plate 601, and a center protrusion 604 is arranged at the center of the lower surface of the fixed plate 601. Two track rods 605 are arranged between a single extension plate 603 and the center protrusion 604. The two track rods 605 are parallel to each other. Slide blocks 606 are slidably installed on the surface of the track rod 605. There are three slide blocks 606 in total, and the slide blocks 606 can only move along the track rod 605 to control the distance between the slide block 606 and the center protrusion 604.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 6 As shown, a threaded rod 607 is rotatably installed on the lower surface of the central protrusion 604, and the threaded rod 607 is perpendicular to the axis and downward. A knob 608 is provided at the end of the threaded rod 607 so that the threaded rod 607 can be driven to rotate by the knob 608. An adjustment sleeve 611 is screwed on the surface of the threaded rod 607. Screwing the threaded rod 607 can control the position of the adjustment sleeve 611. Three connecting rods 609 are evenly hinged on the top of the adjustment sleeve 611. The ends of the three connecting rods 609 facing away from the adjustment sleeve 611 are respectively hinged on the three sliders 606. The connection direction of the connecting rod 609 is to ensure that when the adjustment sleeve 611 moves upward, the three sliders 606 can be pushed to move synchronously at the same time to adjust the distance between the slider 606 and the central protrusion 604. The slider 606 is in contact with the fixed disk 601 with its upper surface to ensure that the force of the ejector pin 610 can be transmitted to the fixed disk 601.

[0027] Among them, a pin 610 is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the slider 606, and the three pins 610 all correspond to the upper surface of the bearing to be installed. The length of the pin 610 is greater than the threaded rod 607, so that when the pin 610 contacts the bearing, the knob 608 placed at a high place will not be affected, and the end of the pin 610 can be lengthened to be suitable for the installation of the external bearing to ensure that the bearing can be installed in place. A pressure sensing block can also be provided at the bottom of the pin 610 to detect the pressure of the three pins 610. By observing the pressure values ​​of the three pins 610, it can be judged whether the bearing is evenly stressed.

[0028] The three ejector pins 610 can ensure that the bearing is evenly stressed and prevent eccentricity in press-fitting. The ejector pin 610 can be made of a hard material such as high carbon steel or alloy steel.

[0029] The lower end surfaces of the ejector pins 610 are flush. When in use, the lower end surfaces of the three ejector pins 610 can be measured by a horizontal laser instrument to ensure that the lower end surfaces of the ejector pins 610 are on the same horizontal line.

[0030] A downward emitting laser pen is installed on one side of one of the ejector pins 610 , and the distance from the center of the ejector pin 610 can be determined by the laser point. When the laser point is placed on the surface of the inner ring or outer ring of the bearing, it indicates that the ejector pin 610 is adjusted in place. Example 3

[0031] Please refer to Figure 5 As shown, the bearing storage mechanism 3 includes a vertical plate 301 fixed on one side of the upper surface of the workbench 1, a feeder 303 is arranged on the rear surface of the vertical plate 301, a barrel 302 is installed on the top of the feeder 303, and a plurality of bearings to be installed are stacked inside the barrel 302. An infrared sensor is also arranged inside the bearing storage mechanism 3, and the bearings are placed one by one on the supporting platform through the feeder 303. When the bearing on the supporting platform is taken away, the feeder 303 is controlled by the infrared sensor to place a bearing on the supporting platform.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the automatic feeding mechanism 2 includes a fixed plate 201 fixed to the rear side of the upper surface of the workbench 1, the upper surface of the fixed plate 201 is symmetrically arranged with the transverse track 202, and the surfaces of the two transverse tracks 202 are slidably installed with slide plates 205. The upper surface of the fixed plate 201 is symmetrically arranged with pulleys 203, one of which is controlled by a driving motor, and the pulleys 203 are placed between the two transverse tracks 202. Belts 204 are sleeved on the surfaces of the two pulleys 203, and the bottom of the slide plate 205 is connected to one side of the belt 204. The motor can drive the belt 204 to move, and then drive the slide plate 205 to slide on the surface of the transverse track 202 to adjust its transverse distance.

[0033] Among them, longitudinal tracks 206 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the slide plate 205, and the longitudinal tracks 206 are vertically distributed with the transverse tracks 202. Moving plates 208 are slidably installed on the surfaces of the two longitudinal tracks 206. A pushing cylinder 207 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the upper surface of the fixed plate 201, and the output end of the pushing cylinder 207 is installed on the moving plate 208, so as to drive the moving plate 208 to move longitudinally by pushing the cylinder 207, and cooperate with the transverse movement of the slide plate 205 to realize free movement on the free plane.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 4As shown, a clamping power unit 209 is fixed on the surface of the movable plate 208, and the clamping power unit 209 can move up and down to adjust the height of the clamping rod 210. Two clamping rods 210 that can move relative to each other are installed at the front end of the clamping power unit 209. The two clamping rods 210 clamp and load the bearings released by the bearing storage mechanism 3. The bearings that fall onto the supporting platform are taken out through the two clamping rods 210 and moved to the top of the shaft with installation. A rubber pad is provided on the inner surface of the clamping rod 210 to prevent the bearing from being damaged by excessive clamping force. When in use, the bearing is suspended and clamped above the shaft to be installed. When the bearing is pressed down, the clamping power unit 209 is used to control the clamping rod 210 to move down and release.

[0035] Working principle: different shaft fixtures 5 are selected according to different installation shafts, and then the bearings to be installed are stacked vertically and placed inside the barrel 302. The bearings are discharged through the discharger 303. The belt 204 can be driven to move by the rotation of the pulley 203, and then the slide plate 205 can be driven to move horizontally. The moving plate 208 can be driven to move longitudinally by the push cylinder 207. Then, the two clamping rods 210 are controlled by the clamping power unit 209 to move the bearings discharged by the discharger 303 out and move them to the top of the installation shaft in the shaft fixture 5. At this time, the bearings and The installation shaft is coaxially arranged, and the lifting plate 404 is driven by the top press cylinder 403 to move up and down along the surface of the two columns 401, and then the bearing is squeezed by two ejector pins 610 to realize the bearing installation work. When installing different bearings, the positions of the three ejector pins 610 can be adjusted. At this time, the knob 608 is rotated to drive the threaded rod 607 to rotate, and then the position of the adjustment sleeve 611 is controlled. The position of the slider 606 can be controlled by the connecting rod 609, and then the distance between the ejector pin 610 and the center of the fixed plate 601 is controlled to adapt to the installation of bearings of different sizes. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A quick installation structure for mechanical parts, comprising a workbench (1), characterized in that: Universal wheels (101) are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the workbench (1), a frame (102) is arranged on the upper surface of the workbench (1), an axis fixture (5) is installed at the center of the upper surface of the frame (102), a pressing mechanism (4) is arranged above the frame (102), the pressing mechanism (4) comprises columns (401) vertically fixed on both sides of the frame (102), top plates (402) are fixed on the tops of the two columns (401), and a pressing cylinder (403) is fixed at the center of the upper surface of the top plate (402). ), the output shaft of the press-fitting cylinder (403) passes through the top plate (402), a lifting plate (404) is slidably mounted on the surfaces of the two uprights (401), the output shaft of the press-fitting cylinder (403) is fixed on the lifting plate (404), a needle distance adjustment mechanism (6) is mounted on the lower surface of the lifting plate (404), and the needle distance adjustment mechanism (6) is placed directly above the shaft fixture (5), an automatic feeding mechanism (2) is mounted on the rear side of the workbench (1), and a bearing storage mechanism (3) is mounted on one side of the workbench (1).

2. A quick installation structure for mechanical accessories according to claim 1, characterized in that: The needle distance adjustment mechanism (6) comprises a fixed plate (601) disposed at the center of the lower surface of the lifting plate (404), and lug plates (602) are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the upper surface of the fixed plate (601), and the two lug plates (602) are both mounted on the lower surface of the lifting plate (404) by bolts.

3. A quick installation structure for mechanical accessories according to claim 2, characterized in that: Three extension plates (603) are evenly arranged on the periphery of the lower surface of the fixed plate (601); a central protrusion (604) is arranged at the center of the lower surface of the fixed plate (601); two track rods (605) are arranged between each of the extension plates (603) and the central protrusion (604); the two track rods (605) are parallel to each other, and a slider (606) is slidably mounted on the surface of the track rod (605).

4. A quick installation structure for mechanical accessories according to claim 3, characterized in that: A threaded rod (607) is rotatably mounted on the lower surface of the central protrusion (604); a knob (608) is provided at the end of the threaded rod (607); an adjustment sleeve (611) is screwed onto the surface of the threaded rod (607); three connecting rods (609) are evenly hinged on the top of the adjustment sleeve (611); and one end of the three connecting rods (609) facing away from the adjustment sleeve (611) is hinged on three sliders (606) respectively.

5. A quick installation structure for mechanical accessories according to claim 4, characterized in that: A thimble (610) is fixedly provided on the lower surface of the sliding block (606), and the three thimbles (610) correspond to the upper surface of the bearing to be installed. The length of the thimble (610) is greater than that of the threaded rod (607).

6. The quick installation structure for mechanical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing storage mechanism (3) comprises a vertical plate (301) fixed to one side of the upper surface of the workbench (1); a feeder (303) is provided on the rear surface of the vertical plate (301); a barrel (302) is installed on the top of the feeder (303); and a plurality of bearings to be installed are stacked and placed inside the barrel (302).

7. A quick installation structure for mechanical accessories according to claim 6, characterized in that: The automatic feeding mechanism (2) comprises a fixed plate (201) fixed to the rear side of the upper surface of the workbench (1); the upper surface of the fixed plate (201) is symmetrically arranged with a transverse track (202); two surfaces of the transverse tracks (202) are slidably mounted with slide plates (205); the upper surface of the fixed plate (201) is symmetrically arranged with pulleys (203); one of the pulleys (203) is controlled by a driving motor; the pulleys (203) are placed between the two transverse tracks (202); belts (204) are sleeved on the surfaces of the two pulleys (203); and the bottom of the slide plate (205) is connected to one side of the belt (204).

8. A quick installation structure for mechanical accessories according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper surface of the slide plate (205) is symmetrically provided with longitudinal tracks (206), the longitudinal tracks (206) are vertically distributed with the transverse tracks (202), and movable plates (208) are slidably mounted on the surfaces of the two longitudinal tracks (206). A pushing cylinder (207) is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the upper surface of the fixed plate (201), and the output end of the pushing cylinder (207) is mounted on the movable plate (208).

9. A quick installation structure for mechanical accessories according to claim 8, characterized in that: A clamping power unit (209) is fixed on the surface of the movable plate (208), and two clamping rods (210) that can move relative to each other are installed at the front end of the clamping power unit (209). The two clamping rods (210) clamp and load the bearings released by the bearing storage mechanism (3).

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